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Asia's middle powers face a trilateral dilemma stemming from their relationships with the U.S. and China. This paper uses the Australian example to examine the dilemma. It shows that Australia has bound itself to the U.S. because of domestic political factors, cost considerations, a belief that it can keep its interests separate, and its perception of regional threats. The paper then argues that others are likely to resolve their trilateral dilemmas in ways that make the regional strategic dynamic more competitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the methodological, academic, and ultimately personal challenges involved in constructing the Find & Connect web resource, a public history project funded by the Australian Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs in response to the 2009 apology to Forgotten Australians and Former Child Migrants. Central to these challenges is the relationship between the researchers and the key stakeholders: the Care Leavers and the organizations that ran the institutions in which they spent their childhoods. The paper explores the use of collaborative history in negotiating the conflicting hopes and expectations of the various parties to the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes China's impact on Australia-U.S. relations from 1949 to 1996, including how far Australia's China policy followed the American lead. The conclusion: American influence was dominant, but Australia's own initiative was enough to belie the suggestion that it was no more than a blind follower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a critical overview of Australian, Chinese, and American perspectives on trilateralism, with a detailed discussion of Australian debates on the matter. Its aim is to trace the evolution of the changing discourse on the rise of China, examine major debates in Australia, and provide both an intellectual background and an overview for this special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The City Council of Lismore, on the Far North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, has developed a series of large story sites along on the banks of the Wilsons River, to tell the district's history. Each site contains six large, visually striking interpretation panels using the river as the common theme. Lismore is in the heart of a region that has seen great demographic transformation in the past thirty years, as internal migration from southern states to the warm north coast have brought a diversity of newcomers into the rural countryside with a large indigenous population of traditional custodians. Story telling is a vital aspect of the research and text for the panels. Coming from the anecdotal reflections of one member of the project team, this paper explores the collaborative process between the two historians—one non-Aboriginal and one Aboriginal consultant—as we addressed tensions in the non-Aboriginal community about representations of the contact zone and found our way in presenting diverse stories in a public arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lost histories behind museum holdings of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ancestral remains provide cautionary tales as to what happens when a society neglects, forgets, or attempts to conceal traumatic episodes in its history. As the writing of the history becomes separated from the event in time, in space, and in culture, the short-term impacts of the event are lost, while the long-term impacts are often trivialized or ignored. However, on re-discovery, it becomes clear that these histories cannot be left to disappear. This paper describes some of the emerging recovered histories that have been facilitated by the repatriation of ancestral remains by the National Museum of Australia. I hope it will serve as a reminder that the events of the past do echo in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ongoing reassessments in U.S. strategy in the Asia-Pacific have coincided with a major growth in Sino-Australian economic relations. The Australian-American alliance could be increasingly tested if U.S. policy planners are unsuccessful in generating more sensitive and proactive alliance security postures to ensure Australian support for key U.S. interests in the Asia-Pacific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author explores the social conditions and political participation of the Chinese population in Australia. Topics discussed include the link between the alleged interference of China in Australian politics and the integration of Chinese immigrants in the country, the 1993 decision issued by former Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating which led to the increase in Chinese immigration to the region, and the 2016 assessment of Chinese intelligence activities in Australia.

This article considers how shifting programs of Aboriginal protection in nineteenth-century Australia responded to Indigenous mobility as a problem of colonial governance and how they contributed over time to creating an emergent discourse of the Aboriginal "vagrant." There has been surprisingly little attention to how the legal charge of vagrancy became applied to Indigenous people in colonial Australia before the twentieth century, perhaps because the very notion of the Aboriginal vagrant was subject to ambivalence throughout much of the nineteenth century. When vagrancy laws were first introduced into Australia's colonies, Aboriginal people were exempt from them as a group not yet subject to the ordinary regulatory codes of colonial society. Bringing them within the protective fold of colonial social order was one of the principal tasks of the office of 'protection' that was introduced into three Australian jurisdictions during the late 1830s. As the nineteenth century progressed and Aboriginal people became more susceptible to social order policing, a concept of Indigenous vagrancy hardened into place, and programs of protection became central to its management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the twentieth century some Australian states and the U.S. federal government enacted comparable policies that demonstrate how the discourse of protection continued to survive in an era when settler nations were focussed on "assimilating" Indigenous populations. The Australian policy of exemption and the U.S. policy of competency did not represent a true change in direction from past policies of protection. In contrast to the nineteenth century, though, these twentieth-century policies offered protection to only a deserving few. Drawing on records of exemption and competency from New SouthWales and Oklahoma in the 1940s and 1950s, this article shows how the policies of exemption and competency ostensibly gave the opportunity for some individuals to prove that they no longer needed the paternalism of colonial governments. They were judged using very different local criteria. In Australia, applicants were mostly judged on whether they engaged in "respectable" use of alcohol; in the United States, applicants were assessed on whether they had "business sense". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australian women travelers in early twentieth-century New York often recoiled from the frenetic pace of the city, which surpassed anything encountered in either Britain or Australia. This article employs their travel accounts to lend support to the growing recognition that modernity took different forms throughout the world and to contribute to the project of mapping those differences. I argue that "hustle" was a defining feature of the New York modern, comparatively little evident in Australia, and I propose that the southern continent had developed a model of modern life that privileged pleasure-seeking above productivity. At a deeper level, this line of thinking suggests that modernization should not be conflated with the relentless acceleration of daily life; it thus complicates the ingrained assumption that speed and modernity go hand-in-hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australian public discourse food multiculturalism has been celebrated as a sign of the country's openness to migrant cultures. Yet, as we show in this article, this apparent celebration of Australia's ethnically diverse foodscape has emerged alongside a virulent culinary xenophobia at the level of public discourse. In particular, we identify how fears about Asian immigration are often expressed in a distaste for foreign food in the Australian media and official discourse. First, we demonstrate how an advertising campaign jointly funded by government and Australian industry deployed a xenophobic fear of contamination to encourage consumers to avoid food imports and buy Australian foods instead. We then look at how newspaper and television coverage of food poisoning in restaurants and food courts suggests a link between ethnicity and contamination. This analysis of a range of public attitudes to "foreign" foodstuffs highlights that the mainstream enjoyment of ethnic cuisines is not a panacea for long-standing xenophobic discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greek cafés were a feature of Australian cities and country towns from the 1910s to the 1960s. Anglophile Australians, who knew the Greeks as dagos, were possessed of culinary imaginations that did not countenance the likes of olive oil, garlic, or lemon juice. As a result, Greek cafés catered to Australian tastes and became the social hubs of their communities. After establishing the diverse and evolving nature of food offered in Greek shops since their origins in the late nineteenth century - oyster saloons, cafés, fish shops, fruit shops, milk bars, snack bars, confectioneries - this article uses the concepts of ''disgust'' and ''hunger'' to offer new insights about food and identity in Australia's Greek community and in the wider Australian culinary landscape. In particular, it applies Ghassan Hage's work on nostalgia among Lebanese immigrants to the situation of Greek proprietors and reveals how memories of a lost homeland allowed café families to feel ''at home'' in Australia. In a land of ''meat-n-three-veg,'' a moussaka recipe the family had known for generations offered both a sense of identity and the comfort of familiarity, and Greek cafés, because they represented hope and opportunity, were familial spaces where feelings of nostalgia were affective building blocks with which Greeks engaged in homebuilding in a new land. And although their cafés did not serve Greek food, Greek proprietors and their families did eventually play a role in introducing the Australian palette to Mediterranean foods and foodways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In responding to China's rise, the best strategy for Australia involves a combination of accommodation and "soft balancing.'' The viability of this strategy is related to the extent to which U.S.-China relations are cooperative or conflictual. Recent Australian governments have been successful in implementing this preferred strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detailed - one might even say loving - attention that Lozanovska gives to the physicality of the things migrants build means that Migrant Housing, despite being so richly theorized, always has its feet planted solidlyin the terrain that migrants inhabit. These"twinhouses"arerepresentativeofoneofthebook'srecurrentthemes, which is that the houses migrants build, whetherlocatedintheadoptivecountryor the ancestral country, are an alloy of emplacement and displacement. Similarly, in their adoptive countries migrants are often "serial builders", moving from onedreamhousetothenext,thusrepeating the act of emplacement and attachment but also perpetuating an ongoing state of displacement. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, we have seen continued erosion of an individual's right to silence. The most recent attempts in the author's home country, Australia, include a current proposal to adopt the United Kingdom approach, and allow inferences to be drawn from a failure to answer questions at an early stage of investigation, in circumstances where later the person does provide an explanation. An attempt to protect the right to silence in Australia at constitutional level is challenging, because Australia is one of the few Western nations that has not seen fit to enact an express bill of rights. This article will consider whether arguments might be made that, at least in some contexts, infringement of the right to silence is, nevertheless, contrary to the requirements of the Australian Constitution. Courts in other countries around the world have also recognized the right to silence in some circumstances where legislatures have attempted to limit it, and these will be considered in the Australian context, acknowledging appropriate contextual differences. Many countries are faced with the difficulty of reconciling fundamental due process principles with the need for effective investigatory powers sufficient to deal with evolving criminal threats. It will be instructive to consider how a successful balance has been accommodated in a range of jurisdictions. It is believed that the law of the author's home country could be greatly enriched by engaging with North American and European case law, as this article will seek to demonstrate. The article is considered to be of interest to those outside of Australia, to understand the difficulties in protecting fundamental human rights when an express bill of rights does not exist in the relevant country, and to consider how other ways may be found to protect such rights. In this way, this article will use Australia as the example of a country without an express bill of rights, and will consider how, in that context, fundamental human rights can practically be protected by the courts. The conclusions are considered relevant to a range of nations. Specific examples include Singapore and Malaysia, and to a lesser extent India, as will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces the first pre-Pliocene record of darter (Anhingidae) in Australia. A sole darter relic was located at the Snake Dam locality in South Australia. It states that darters, also recognized as "snakebirds," are expert diving piscivores which survive in tropically freshwater habitats. The discovery of this anhingdae reveals the likelihood of Early Oligocene to Eocene age for the common lineages of anhingids and phalacrocoracids.

SONGS THAT ARE NOT NOTATED BUT TRANSMITTED through live performance are of particular interest for the psychological study of the stability of tempo across multiple performances. While experimental research points to highly accurate memory for the tempi of well-known recorded music, this study asks whether there is any evidence of absolute tempo in a performance tradition that does not draw on such reference recordings. Fifty-four field recordings of performances of one Aboriginal dance-song, Djanba 14, were analyzed. Results showed that over a span of 34 years, performance tempi deviated positively or negatively, on average, by 2%. Such small tempo variation is similar to JND thresholds to discriminate the tempi of isochronous sequences. Thirty-five field recordings of another song from the same repertory, Djanba 12, deviated in tempi by an average of 3%. We discuss the musical, psychological, physical, and cultural factors likely to shape such temporal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay considers the history of 19th century institutions for treating insanity erected near gold mining sites during the gold rushes in California, British Columbia, and Australia, by focusing on the experiences of James "Scotty" Brown, a sailor who had issues with local authorities due to behavior attributed to mental instability and alcoholism from 1848 to the 1860s. Some of the subjects considered include transnational mobility, government policies towards lunacy and vagrancy, and the experiences of inmates in asylums.

The article examines the motivation that moved Japan to implement free trade agreements with Australia and Switzerland. Under discussion are international and domestic factors that led to the decision. It is noted that in the era following the Second World War trade has been achieved on a multilateral basis under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and through the World Trade Organization. A number of topics are addressed including the role played by Australia as a strategic ally and a supplier of raw materials to Japan, and Switzerland's position as Japan's ally on the World Trade Organization.

The article examines sentencing practices for terrorism cases in Australia as of 2010. In reviewing cases such as Lodhi vs. Regina in 2007 and Regina vs. Benbrika and Ors in 2008, it observes that the principle of utilitarianism in sentencing theory has receded in favor of general deterrence as the government tries to project a tough stance against terrorism. It also describes how recent laws have made it easier to charge and convict alleged terrorists, and how the accused have been denied the right to silence and freedom of speech.

Comments on Bruce Boehrer's article "The Parrot Eaters," which was featured in the summer 2004 issue. Focus on the question of why parrot has disappeared from the world table; Claims about the place of parrot on the tables of Australian Aborigines and 19-century Australian pioneers; Presence of recipes for parrot pie in cookery books; Psittacophagy in the diaries of early explorers; Scarcity argument in the discussion of Aboriginal peoples' practice of fire-stick farming; Reasons for the preponderance of meat in the Australian diet; Bird protection issues.

In her vividly textured, complicated, and passionate film, beDevil, Australian Aboriginal artist and filmmaker Tracey Moffatt avoids easy stereotypes of victims and oppressors. She not only inspects some of the repressed stories, of indigenous Australians, but also looks at the bewildered, bet deviled ways in which non-indigenous and indigenous Australians live with each other. Moffatt draws on all aspects of her artistic practice in this feature-length film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]