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Financial literacy, as a fundamental skill in the 21st century, has become a life skill that is urgently needed to be improved. Globally, the drive to enhance financial literacy involves integrating it into the education curriculum, necessitating educators' comprehensive grasp of financial literacy education before imparting it to students. This research aims to outline a conceptual model of financial literacy professional development to improve teachers' professional competence, employing a narrative review that synthesizes 28 relevant literatures retrieved from Scopus databases. The results of the study show that an effective training model for teacher professional development (TPD) in financial literacy education should focus on essential financial literacy content consisting of planning and budgeting, banking services, income and careers, insurance, investment, savings, also spending and credit. Furthermore, the main characteristics of TPD regarding financial literacy education should encompass content focus, coherence, ownership, active learning, duration, and collective participation.

This case study looks both backwards and forwards at real and potential incidents and risks created by the use of various levels of self-driving vehicles. The case provides background on autonomous vehicle technology, the legal and risk management frameworks involved, and a variety of scenarios for students to consider. The scenarios provide the foundation for discussion of autonomous vehicle introductions and operations, as well as considerations for how other new technologies may be launched.

This article examined trends in Islamic education and finance publications using bibliometric analysis. The authors used co-citation and co-word analysis to examine 449 Islamic education and finance studies from Scopus database. In the co-citation analysis, 10 themes in Islamic education and finance were identified. After that, co-word analysis is used to understand and identify each research theme's potential future research directions. The results showed that per year the average publication of articles was 2.65. There has been extensive research on this topic in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK), and the most popped-up keywords are 'education', 'finance education', 'banking education' and very limited 'Islamic finance education'. Further research can be developed using Islamic jurisprudence education, Islamic insurance education, Islamic capital market education, "zakat" education and "waqf" as keywords. In addition, the study offers a visualization map of theme patterns for future studies to create educational fields for Islamic banking and finance education, particularly in Muslim-majority nations like Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Middle East. This research contributes as a foundation for further research in enriching and developing knowledge about Islamic education and finance, especially in majority countries.

Background: Adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) frequently experience cognitive, emotional, physical and communication deficits that require long-term rehabilitation and community support. Although access to rehabilitation services is linked to positive outcomes, there can be barriers to accessing community rehabilitation related to system navigation, referral processes, funding, resource allocation and communications required to ensure access. Aims: This study aimed to identify barriers to accessing insurer funding for rehabilitation and healthcare services, for adults with TBI injured in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Methods: We used a co-design approach to collaborate with persons with lived experience to design a survey of adults who sustained a TBI in an MVC. The survey examined access to insurer funding for rehabilitation services and was disseminated through brain injury networks in Ontario, Canada. Results: Respondents (n = 148) identified multiple barriers to accessing rehabilitation services through insurer funding, including delays of more than 2 years (49%), mandatory duplicative assessments (64%) and invasion of privacy (55%). Speech-language therapy and neuropsychological services were denied most frequently. Negative experiences included insurers' poor understanding of TBI symptoms, denials of services despite medical evidence demonstrating need and unsupportive insurer interactions. Although 70% of respondents reported cognitive-communication difficulties, accommodations were rarely provided. Respondents identified supports that would improve insurer and healthcare communications and rehabilitation access. Conclusion & Implications: The insurance claims process had many barriers for adults with TBI, limiting their access to rehabilitation services. Barriers were exacerbated by communication deficits. These findings indicate a role for Speech-language therapists in education, advocacy and communication supports during the insurance process specifically as well as rehabilitation access processes in general.

As the twenty-first century advances technologically, the era is also becoming notorious for the rise of organized cybercrime and attacks on business information and operations. Company data and intellectual property are considered the "New Oil" that generates value for organizations and their constituents. With the escalating number of cybersecurity incidents, businesses--especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)--are increasingly at risk of compromise and economic debilitation. Therefore, current and future business students would benefit from awareness of unfamiliar measures, such as cyber insurance, which can potentially reduce the devastating effects of a cyber incident. In this paper, the authors describe cyber insurance, present a framework that could be incorporated into the classroom to teach risk management techniques, and provide exercise resources.

Diagnostic reasoning is an important topic in General Practitioners' (GPs) vocational training. Interestingly, research has paid little attention to the content of the cases used in clinical reasoning education. Malpractice claims of diagnostic errors represent cases that impact patients and that reflect potential knowledge gaps and contextual factors. With this study, we aimed to identify and prioritize educational content from a malpractice claims database in order to improve clinical reasoning education in GP training. With input from various experts in clinical reasoning and diagnostic error, we defined five priority criteria that reflect educational relevance. Fifty unique medical conditions from a malpractice claims database were scored on those priority criteria by stakeholders in clinical reasoning education in 2021. Subsequently, we calculated the mean total priority score for each condition. Mean total priority score (min 5-max 25) for all fifty diagnoses was 17,11 with a range from 13,89 to 19,61. We identified and described the fifteen highest scoring diseases (with priority scores ranging from 18,17 to 19,61). The prioritized conditions involved complex common (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, renal insufficiency and cancer), complex rare (e.g., endocarditis, ectopic pregnancy, testicular torsion) and more straightforward common conditions (e.g., tendon rupture/injury, eye infection). The claim cases often demonstrated atypical presentations or complex contextual factors. Including those malpractice cases in GP vocational training could enrich the illness scripts of diseases that are at high risk of errors, which may reduce diagnostic error and related patient harm.

It is an easily observed reality that the typical college/university student is extremely comfortable with the use of technology and particularly with the use of the Internet. The authors contend that this fact almost requires that instructors of finance classes incorporate the use of web-based financial resources into their in-class presentations as well as their out-of-class assignments. Given the proliferation of online resources and the extensive website listings in most finance textbooks, we believe the difficulty is not locating resources; instead, it is one of choosing a set of resources that can be employed in efficient and effective ways to enhance both the interest and the learning of students. This paper attempts to address this situation by discussing a textbook chapter-based online project created to familiarize students with a beneficial selection of online personal finance related services, while supporting topics generally encountered in the first personal financial planning class. A template designed to simplify grading of the student project submissions also is included.

Background: Through the filtering of information, the creation, and reinforcement of stereotypes, media moulds attitudes and set agendas on critical social issues including public policy and disability. Methods: This study explored Australian media representations of the care of people with intellectual disability during a crucial period in disability policy change: the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) rollout (2013-2018). Search criteria identified 168 news stories, examined via content analysis and news framing. Results: Four major issues were identified: Roles and responsibilities of government; housing; mistreatment of persons with intellectual disability, and responsibility of care for families. Stories tended to be presented negatively, however, regional and local/community metropolitan stories were more balanced or positive compared with major metropolitan stories. Conclusion: Despite significant disability policy change, media presentations continue to reinforce stereotypes of people with intellectual disability and position the government as one continuing to fall short in critical areas of funding, safety, and support.

As employability has become a more visible graduate attribute, it is becoming recognised that a better understanding of information practices in work may enable a smoother transition from university to employment. This paper discusses the current state of workplace information literacy and presents the findings of research into staff experiences of information use in a City insurance firm. A framework previously developed out of phenomenographic research into nursing is employed to draw parallels and highlight differences between insurance workplace and university student terminology. Context-specific hierarchical statements using the language of the participants are developed from coded interview texts. These statements, which are drawn together in illustrative personae, provide a rich and detailed view of the participants' experience of effective information use. It is suggested that a better understanding of language use in communities of practice would facilitate transition both between and within the communities.

The rapid emergence of the novel coronavirus and its impact on human behavior provoked dramatic increases in human usage of a variety of systems. These increases had the potential to stress the scalability of the systems, testing whether the system owners had designed and built those systems to cope with sudden changes in demand. This case invites students to study a variety of different types of systems, and to analyze the means by which they can or did achieve scalability, and efficiently serve their customers.

A randomized experiment that measures the impact of a social policy in a sample of the population reveals whether the policy will work on average with universal application. An experiment that includes only the subset of the population that volunteers for the intervention generates narrower "proof-of-concept" evidence of whether the policy can work for motivated individuals. Both forms of learning carry value, yet evaluations rarely combine the two designs. The U.S. Social Security Administration conducted an exception, the Benefit Offset National Demonstration (BOND). This article uses BOND to examine the statistical power implications and potential gains in policy learning--relative to costs--from combining volunteer and population-representative experiments. It finds that minimum detectable effects of volunteer experiments rise little when one adds a population-representative experiment, but those of a population-representative experiment double or quadruple with the addition of a volunteer experiment.

This paper explores the Centre for Insurance, Risk and Data Analytics Studies (CIRDAS) as a case study of online adult education which offers flexible upskilling and reskilling opportunities to employees across the Irish insurance sector. It explores how CIRDAS's agile programme development enabled flexible entry, exit and progression routes for work-based learners. It took an innovative approach to the co-creation of programmes with industry representatives and the granular transversal nature of micro-credentials they offered. The experience of learners is shared to demonstrate the effectiveness of CIRDAS in meeting both employer and learner needs for flexible, stackable work-based learning.

Disasters affect individuals psychologically and some individuals take a long time to get rid of this effect. Psychological resilience is defined as the individuals having a psychologically strong structure, being affected by negative situations as little as possible and getting rid of stressful situations quickly. The aim of this study is to determine the psychological resilience level of individuals living in Çanakkale. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used to determine the participants' resilience level. Participants in the study are 412 individuals, aged between 18 and 60, who are determined by the simple random sampling method living in the Central District of Çanakkale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.92. The mean of the psychological resilience level was 3.75. Results showed that the most psychologically resilient people are males, high school graduates, individuals between the ages of 29-39, divorced, those who do not have children, those with a monthly income of more than 3001 TL, those with natural disaster insurance and those who are previously faced a disaster.

This study compares the financial knowledge of Korean (N = 1006) and German (N = 1346) university students. The country-specific adaptations of the US-American Test of Financial Literacy was used to assess financial knowledge. Financial knowledge can be divided into three areas (everyday money management; banking; insurance). German students show a slightly higher knowledge of everyday money management and insurance. Korean students tend to be stronger in the area banking. The paper examines the impact of gender on financial knowledge and the role of financial information gathering. A gender difference is determined in Germany, but not in Korea. Male students in Germany score higher than female students. An analysis of variance shows that Korean as well as German students who inform themselves more frequently about financial topics achieve a higher financial knowledge score. The article shows that it is possible to validly measure financial knowledge in Germany and Korea, which have different economic systems.

Automobile Insurance fraud costs the insurance industry billions of dollars annually. This case study addresses claim fraud based on data extracted from Alpha Insurance's automobile claim database. Students are provided the business problem and data sets. Initially, the students are required to develop their hypotheses and analyze the data. This includes identification of any missing or inaccurate data values and outliers as well as evaluation of the 22 variables. Next students will develop and optimize their predictive models using five techniques: regression, decision tree, neural network, gradient boosting, and ensemble. Then students will determine which model is the best fit providing consideration of the misclassification rate, average square error, or receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Lastly, students will generate predictive scores for the claims and evaluate the result using SAS Enterprise Miner™. Ultimately, the goal is to build an optimal predictive model to determine which of the automobile claims are potentially fraudulent.

Recent research demonstrates that personal mortality salience from annuity contemplation generates an avoidance response, reducing interest in purchasing annuities. However, theoretical models of mortality salience also predict an increased desire for investment in the future circumstances of surviving others ("symbolic immortality"), such as that provided by bequest provisions in an annuity contract. An experimental test confirms that those exposed to higher levels of personal mortality reminders exhibit a greater preference for an annuity paying lower income but with a bequest provision. Thus, the effects of mortality salience can drive annuity decisions, not only at the extensive margin (avoidance of any purchase), but also at the intensive margin (purchasing lower income by including a bequest provision).

School plants are indispensable for effective realization of school goals and objectives. This is because the successful implementation of school curriculum is dependent on the school plants, which refer to the physical facilities available in the school system, that are provided in the school. The insurance of school plants serves as a means of safeguarding them in the event of risks. This paper therefore looked at the place of insurance company in school plants in Nigeria. The paper examined some concepts on the key terms, the components of school plants, the advantages of insuring school plants, the challenges faced by insurance company in the events of insuring school plants in Nigeria and proffered solutions. The paper concluded that in the event of damages and other hazards to school plants, insurance companies will be held responsible for the renewing, repair and reconstruction of school plants in the school. Finally, the paper suggested the following among others that government at the different levels i.e. Federal, State and Local should enforce the insurance of school plants for both government and private schools.

The purpose of this study is to describe the actions taken by college students to face their future retirement. For this, the test designed by the National Commission for the Protection and Defense of Financial Services Users (CONDUSEF) in Mexico was used, which has items related to financial knowledge, specifically topics about savings, emergency funds and life insurance, among others. The instrument was applied to 60 UPAV college students of different levels, during the school cycle of February-August 2018, in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz; it should be noted that the range of age was older than 21 but younger than 23 years old. The descriptive analysis showed results that lead us to believe that students have emergency funds (53%) but these are used to face unexpected situations (59%); also, students do not have life insurance, which could be concerning in their personal and family life if/when they have to face a present or future illness. Regarding car insurance, most of the respondents stated that they do not own one, besides considering it an unnecessary expense. One of the study limitations was the surveyed population; hence the need to widen this research to encompass more students from such geographical area in order to obtain a wider outlook of said behavior.

The goal of this research is to describe an active learning opportunity that was conducted as a community service offering through our Center for Cybersecurity Education and Applied Research (CCEAR). As a secondary goal, the participants sought to gain real world experience by applying techniques and concepts studied in security classes. A local insurance company tasked the CCEAR with assembling a team of students to conduct penetration testing (including social engineering exploits) against company personnel. The endeavor allowed the insurance company to obtain information that would assess the effectiveness of employee training with regard to preventing the divulgence of sensitive information. The team of students assembled organized, planned and executed all penetration testing. This academic opportunity allowed the students to build experience transacting the social engineering while laying the groundwork for future projects that will allow additional students to build and expand the process outlined in this study.

Purpose: The present article provides a narrative review of Australia's approach toward acquired brain injury (ABI) and proposes how Australia and the United States can collaborate to improve service delivery for persons with ABI and their families with epidemiology, healthcare, prevention, research, and training. Method: A narrative review of journal articles, government documents, and websites was completed to present a broad overview of Australia's approach toward meeting the needs of persons with ABI. Results: The narrative review and synthesis of publications were summarized into the following categories: a) overview of ABI in Australia, b) long-term care government programs, c) services and advocacy, d) research and training, and e) recommendations for Australian-U.S. collaborations. Conclusion: The current time presents an opportunity for Australia and the United States to collaboratively address areas of common ABI need by dialogue, collaboration, and academic engagement, which may lead to better outcomes for persons with ABI by the sharing of research findings, service approaches, advocacy efforts, and rehabilitation counselor training. Rehabilitation counselors in Australia and the United States should lead the process of collaboration and engagement around common areas of ABI need.

This article demonstrates how, and provides all necessary material, to utilize experiential classroom integration of an earthquake insurance policy as an engaging and immersive tool to introduce business law students to applied contract analysis and interpretation. Students also gain an understanding of insurance concepts through this exercise. This exercise engages students in collaborative problem-solving via a small group project and is designed for use in a single class session, combining teamwork, communication, and contract analysis skills. Through detailed detective work to locate relevant contract terms and application of various factual scenarios, this project involves the applied development of problem-solving skills associated with multiple scenarios and reinforces logic practices by requiring students to justify their conclusions. Most importantly, students gain skills in navigating a complex contract like an insurance policy that translate into a valuable talent for the nascent businessperson.

This study investigates the Asymmetric Information Management (AIM) technique's ability to detect fraudulent insurance claims submitted online. The AIM instructions inform claimants that, inter alia, more detailed statements are easier to accurately classify as genuine or fabricated. To test this, truth tellers (n = 55) provided an honest statement about a lost or stolen item, while liars (n = 53) provided a false claim. All claimants were randomly assigned to either receive the control or AIM instructions. We found that truth tellers provided more information in the AIM condition (compared to the control condition), and discriminant analysis classificatory performance was improved slightly. Unfortunately, the AIM instructions had little effect on the amount of information liars provided. Thus, the AIM technique is useful for supporting truth tellers to be more detailed, but more work needs to be conducted to assess why liars in this study did not adapt a withholding strategy.

When looking at career interventions, one-on-one career counseling is one of the most effective and firmly established types of intervention. Furthermore, career counseling process quality has been validated as a predictor of job seekers' reemployment. To elucidate the underlying components of a high-quality counseling process, the effects of counselor behavior in mandatory counseling sessions at three Swiss job centers are investigated. Based on a transfer of psychotherapeutic effectiveness research into the domain of career counseling, three behavior categories are proposed as components of a high-quality counseling process: providing structured guidance during the counseling process, providing personalized support, and activating job seekers' resources. Scientific observers rated these counselor behavior categories in 32 counseling sessions. The ratings of "providing structured guidance" predicted job seekers' reemployment speed at a correlation of 0.58. The measured effect equals yearly savings of 831 million Swiss Francs CHF (US$839) in Swiss unemployment benefits. The correlations with the other two behavior category ratings were in the same direction but nonsignificant.

Consumers face hard choices when they need cash quickly. Hard choices can lead to emotional or economically unsound decisions. Traditional classroom discussions of raising funds to pay for expenses usually focus on generating income, borrowing, or the sale of real and financial assets, if hardship is discussed at all. However, many families have additional "non-traditional" sources of cash. This article examines the use of life insurance surrenders and policy loans as a source of funds for both routine funding needs as well as a source of emergency financing. The article concludes with a review of the economic considerations of life insurance for Insurance and Financial Planning educators and students.

All 50 US states have enacted mandates requiring insurers to cover autism-related services. We assessed whether and to what extent variation in generosity of state insurance mandates has been associated with rate of growth in the health workforce for children with autism spectrum disorder: including board-certified behavioral analysts, child psychiatrists, and pediatricians. Drawing data from the National Conference of State Legislatures and Area Health Resource Files, we evaluated eight mandate policy features, utilizing a fixed-effect longitudinal regression framework to examine their relationships with workforce growth during a 15-year period (2003-2017) over which 44 states enacted a mandate. Aspects of mandate generosity included ages covered, spending caps, and types of services covered. We found that mandate generosity was closely associated with the magnitude of increase in supply of board-certified behavioral analysts and--to a lesser extent--child psychiatrists. States with the most generous mandates would be expected to have 39% more board-certified behavioral analysts and 17% more child psychiatrists in 2017, compared to states with least generous mandates. We found no association between mandate generosity and supply of pediatricians. Collectively, our results suggest that the degree of generosity afforded by mandates may be as important as the passage of mandate legislation itself for encouraging workforce growth.

This paper analyzes dialogues between insurance sales agents and their clients in transformational rural China from the perspective of interactive frames, footings and discourse identities. Through the analysis of three types of talk, namely, friendship talk, institutional talk and task-oriented talk, the ambiguous and conflicting identities that both agents and clients adopt in the conversations are captured and described. It then describes and analyzes the dynamics of the mobilization and strategic management of relative identities that both parties assume and employ in order to resolve conflicts, justify oneself and resume control. The analysis further probes into the transforming nature of the modern Chinese rural society, where old and traditional value systems have, to a large extent, been shattered, while new value systems are yet to be established.

Introduction: This paper reports the findings of a study of risk management in public libraries. The focus of the research was to determine whether the libraries had a risk management and disaster plan for major disasters. Method: A qualitative study was done to investigate risk management and disaster recovery in public libraries in South Australia. Seven personal interviews were conducted with library managers and librarians at four public libraries. Analysis: The qualitative results emerging from the interviews were analysed through hand coding using grounded theory. Results: Participants confused risk management and disaster recovery with the practice of work (occupational) health and safety. None of the participating libraries have a risk management or disaster plan. Conclusions: The library managers do not rate the risk of disaster as high, believing that their library is located in a low-risk disaster area. They also do not regard any part of their collections to be of great value. Loss of a collection is perceived as an opportunity to refresh that collection. The participants do not consider risk management and disaster recovery as an important part of their business. [Paper presented at the Information Seeking in Context (ISIC): The Information Behaviour Conference, Part 1 (11th, Zadar, Croatia, September 20-23, 2016).]

Consistent messaging about reliable processes is valuable when educating about risk management. Recent research has shown that national and state financial literacy education (FLE) curricula have risk management and insurance standards with inconsistent tendencies. Informed by Beauchamp's (1961) field of curriculum theory, this conceptual essay reasons that future FLE curriculum designers would be theoretically and practically astute to redesign risk management and insurance standards with a risk management task as the focal point for instruction.

Background: This study synthesises current literature concerning the barriers to the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) faced by people with intellectual disability and/or complex support needs who are involved with the criminal justice system, or at risk of (re)involvement. Method: Through targeted searches of key databases, 41 publications were identified from the scholarly and grey literature. Results: Collected literature raises three main barriers to the NDIS. First, there are (mis)identification and diagnostic tensions hindering eligibility. Second, there are problems with the planning process, including the impracticality of "planning for" chaotic situations. Third, there are market and workforce deficits. Conclusions: Research into the NDIS experiences of justice-involved people with intellectual disability and/or complex support needs is nascent and developing alongside an evolving NDIS landscape. Future research should focus on the effects of forthcoming developments designed to reduce the barriers facing these populations, including the Complex Support Needs Pathway, and workforce capabilities and market strategies.

This paper considers the methodological aspects of forming a development strategy for the regional socioeconomic system (by the example of radio-electronic enterprises in the Republic of Tatarstan). The paper suggests a conceptual scheme of the macro- and micro-factors' influence on the regional socioeconomic system. This scheme is based on the study of the market power of enterprise's contact persons (suppliers, competitors, and consumers) and subjects that have an indirect impact (government, markets, financial institutions, insurance companies, etc.). It has a hierarchic structure and allows coordinating the terms of cooperation for different elements of the socioeconomic system. The paper builds a formation algorithm for the manufacturing program of radio-electronic enterprises. A peculiar feature of this algorithm is its focus on involving resources of the enterprise's external environment on terms that are acceptable to an economic entity. The paper also suggests stages of the development strategy for the regional socioeconomic system that are based on the principles of lean production, which assume the determination and market substantiation of the regional resource intensity limit of separate productions. This allows plotting an evolutionary vector for the transformation of the socioeconomic system into an adaptive structure with such properties as self-organization and self-regulation.

The weeks leading up to summer break can be stressful for instructors and administrators, as they are ultimately responsible for inspecting and cleaning up their STEM education facilities to ensure a safer start the following academic year. In this article, the authors present a three-pronged approach to aid in safely closing down a makerspace or lab in preparation for summer break while simultaneously preparing for the following academic year.

The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was introduced in Australia in 2013 to address the inadequacies of a fragmented and underfunded service system for people with disabilities. For young children with developmental disabilities, NDIS services fall under the early childhood early intervention (ECEI) approach, the impact of which is yet to be documented. Considering the critical role of families in supporting their children with a disability, the aim of the present study was therefore to examine their experiences of the ECEI approach in the State of Victoria. Seventeen parents participated in interviews and focus groups, which generated information clustered around five themes: (1) accessing the NDIS and the ECEI; (2) plan development and implementation; (3) choice and control; (4) family and community life; and (5) parental distress. While highlighting the potential of the NDIS funding and its long-term benefits, participating parents reported numerous challenges in their pursuit of supports under the ECEI. It is concluded that for the NDIS to fulfil its promise and potential, substantive revisions of its systems, policies and practices will be required to be relevant and sensitive to the needs of young children with developmental disabilities and their families.

Purpose: Current study intends to examine key human resources practices (human capital, training and rewards) that influence employee commitment and service recovery performance (SRP) of Takaful industry agents in Southeast Asian region. The Takaful industry is facing stiff competition with conventional insurance industry in Malaysia and Indonesia as the Southeast Asian region has a large Muslim population. SRP is crucial in insurance industry specifically in the Islamic Insurance (Takaful) industry and plays a vital and key role in sustainable competitive advantage for value addition for firms in future to acquire market. Design/methodology/approach: The data was collected from 350 front line agents of the Takaful industry operating in Malaysia and Indonesia on convenience sampling technique. Data was analyzed by using PLS-SEM to examine the relationship between constructs. Findings: The results show that human capital, training and reward significantly influence commitment of employee which further influenced SRP to be improved. Mediation effect was also found to be influential and statistically positive and significant by employee commitment between key HR practices (human capital, training, rewards) and SRP. Originality/value: Current study contributed to the body of knowledge in explaining relationship of human capital to employee commitment and SRP, further, inconclusive findings between training and rewards was also explained in the Takaful industry of the Southeast Asian region.

Financial literacy is becoming increasingly important, in particular for adolescents since they are exposed to financial services earlier and earlier. At the same time, empirical studies indicate that male learners show higher financial literacy than women; however, other studies find significant or contrary differences between male and female learners. These partially contradictory results make it necessary to investigate such gender-specific effects in more detail. This article addresses two questions to contribute to the literature on financial literacy: first, in which financial content areas are there significant performance differences between female and male adolescents? Secondly, does the relationship between learning opportunities and financial education differ among pupils? The analyses are based on a sample of 530 secondary students from Germany. The results indicate that female students show higher test results for the financial literacy dimensions "money and payments," and "insurance," male students perform better regarding the dimensions "savings" and "monetary policy." Furthermore, learning opportunities may contribute differently to the gender gaps. We contribute to the literature by investigating the important question of gender gap for five different dimensions of financial literacy and by showing that different learning opportunities play a role in the development of students' financial literacy.

Background: School-based health centers (SBHC) can address unmet mental health needs. Little is known about how students seek care from different providers at SBHCs. We describe and compare how students' SBHC visits differ for students seen by mental health providers (MH group) relative to students seen only by primary care providers (PC group). Methods: Using administrative data with ICD-9 codes from 9 SBHCs in Denver, Colorado serving youth 10-19 years old during the 2014-2015 school year, we analyzed predictors of SBHC clinic visits via negative binomial regression and ICD-9 codes for first visit to MH providers. Results: Mental health users (N = 516) had an average of 14.2 ± 12.9 SBHC visits and PC users (N = 4026) had an average of 2.6 ± 2.4 SBHC visits annually. Students in the MH group, those with public insurance, and females had a higher incidence rate ratio for SBHC clinic visits than PC group students, those with private insurance, and males respectively. Depression was the most common primary diagnosis for the first MH visit. Conclusions: Students accessing MH services at SBHC return for follow up visits at higher rates than students only seeing PC providers. SBHCs represent a valuable opportunity to enhance integrated mental health services.

We present Aviation Cost Risk management (CRM) methodology designed for Airlines Company, who needs to run projects beyond their normal. These airlines are critical to the survival of these organizations, such as the development and performance. The Aviation crisis can have considerable impact upon the value of the firm. Risk managers must focus special attention to their prevention and risk neutralization. Recently, demonstrated that large losses can have a very negative impact on shareholder wealth in an efficient stock market. This crisis shows that on the day that a loss occurred, returns of a negative. The goal of cost risk management (CRM) is to maximize shareholder wealth and protected airlines company, since it has been recently demonstrated that shareholder wealth can be negatively impacted by losses, risk management must be viewed in its relationship to the overall wealth of the company. The loss exposures become a critical financial management function, mostly in firms with considerable exposures to such losses.

Problem Statement: In disaster prone countries, preparedness is an important factor in disaster mitigation. There are various disaster management approaches. However, one common point of these approaches is that they are "preventive." First and foremost of the principal components of the preventive approach is preparedness and education. It is possible to increase the capacity to cope with the disasters, which show variety in terms of their development periods and times and mostly involve uncertainty, by raising the awareness of all components, all individuals and communities in line with this common cause. Purpose of Study: The goal of this study is to determine the levels of disaster awareness and attitude and the individual priorities of the personnel and the students at Umuttepe Campus of Kocaeli University. Methods: In this survey, a relational scanning model was applied and the data were collected by a measurement tool via the Internet. The data were analyzed with percentage, frequency, arithmetic means, t-test, F-test (oneway ANOVA) and Scheffe test by using SPSS 14.00 statistical program. indings and Results: The difference between the awareness levels of academic and administrative personnel is associated with the positive influence of education level and responsibilities. Level of education is an important factor in reducing disaster damages. Comparison of age groups shows similar results for both personnel and student groups. This result is anticipated, because older groups are supposed to be more sensitive and responsible to the problems in their Turkish communities in regard to their experiences. Students in the Department of Engineering have the highest awareness level of all. Most of these students are from the Departments of Geology and Geophysics and have the privilege of taking courses related to disasters. Conclusion and Recommendations: After the devastating 1999 Kocaeli earthquake in Turkey, some key institutions initiated and developed several disaster preparedness training programs, which included basic disaster awareness, awareness of structural and nonstructural earthquake hazards mitigation. Those were undoubtedly very beneficial programs, none of which was included in a formal education system, however. For this reason, most of the disaster prone countries initiated disaster education programs, considering the major disasters on their land in their curriculum. Our results support the world's science-based developments and emphasize that education and training in disaster awareness in formal education is very important.

In Australia, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was rolled out in pilot sites in 2013. This article reports a formative study conducted with qualified preschool teachers in one site in a context of change. The NDIS has been hailed in the media as a bold move to deliver more choice of services to people with disabilities and incorporates the delivery of early intervention (EI) services into its portfolio. As established EI agencies became providers for the scheme, local referral networks changed substantially. Children needed to establish eligibility for the scheme prior to families' entry. Fourteen preschool teachers responded to an online survey, and four opted in for this study, which used positioning theory and a constructivist approach. Online surveys and interviews were conducted in 2 months at the end of the 3-year pilot phase. Findings suggest that teachers detecting developmental delays (DDs) in 4-year-old children needed to reposition themselves away from the rights and duties of the developmental expert to develop timely collaborative relationships with parents if the dominant storylines of early detection, medical confirmation, and the benefits of EI for families were to remain in the foreground.

Background: Planning is a key mechanism by which the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) ensures individuals with disability have choice and control over supports. People with intellectual disability will comprise the largest NDIS participant group and many will need assistance to engage in planning. In order to respond effectively, NDIS planners must understand the decision-making support required by individuals. Method: Focus groups were conducted with 9 adults with intellectual disability living in an NDIS trial site to explore their experiences of NDIS planning. Results: Thematic analysis identified 6 themes related to good planning experiences for people with intellectual disability: preparation, learning from mistakes, personal growth, and having a credible, consistent, and disability-aware planner. Conclusions: Participants who developed a trusting relationship with a planner used planning to increase independence and social participation. Planner skills, particularly communication and sector knowledge, and attributes such as warmth and openness created trust.

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a core business strategy for most organizations. In today's global economy, it is essential for organizations to find ways of increasing their productivity. This article discusses the operations management's decision of customer relationships management. It is vital for a business to motivate its employees and use the best strategies to facilitate customer relations. The CRM-enabled strategy focuses on two organizations in the NE Ohio area: Progressive Corporation and KeyCorp Bank. The structure of this chapter is reflective of the qualitative business case study using best practices. Initially, a description of the companies' current strategies and software that promotes CRM is followed by some of its major strategic initiatives to foster the development of CRM. This basic case study approach aims to provide an understanding of the transitions, challenges, and the implementation of CRM in these organizations.

In Australia and Europe, government agencies and not-for-proft organisations (NFPOs) have had long involvement in the funding and provision of community disability services. Signifcant change has occurred in Australia over the past two decades in the way government funds are expended, with marketplace mechanisms increasingly being used. As a consequence of economic and governance imperatives, funding of services via NFPOs has changed signifcantly with a move away from the provision of grants to the contracting of these organisations for the provision of services. In 2013, a new national policy, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), was introduced that has impacts for the provision of disability services for children and their families. In particular, Indigenous families are likely to experience barriers in accessing services. This paper reviews the impact of international changes in policy and associated funding models and considers the impacts and research implications of Australia's initial experience of implementation of the NDIS.

Financial literacy is an important but oft ignored skill that is vital for young people. This study measured financial literacy levels among high school students (N = 608) in India and found low levels of performance on standard measures of financial literacy. The percentage correct score on the basic financial literacy questions was 45% and on the sophisticated financial literacy questions the score was 44%. Financial literacy levels in India were found to be lower than those in developed countries. Gender differences were found, with females outperforming males, contrary to findings in developed countries. Students who pursued the commerce/economics stream of education were found to have higher levels of financial literacy than students pursuing the science stream. Results showed that students, despite having high levels of numeracy, were unable to transfer that knowledge to do financial computations. Parental involvement was also found to have a significant influence on financial literacy. Interviews with students highlighted the fact that understanding of societal and macroeconomic impacts of financial literacy was low. These findings lend support for high school financial education which involves parents and stresses practical hands-on application, societal and macroeconomic impact, as a means of improving financial literacy.

Insurance is an interesting interdisciplinary topic that can offer generative meaning and relevance for students. By adapting real life examples and authentic simulations, mathematical concepts can be applied to insurance-related social studies issues and content. This article explores ways to teach insurance and related mathematical concepts to middle school students using an interdisciplinary approach and it demonstrates various concomitant benefits in teaching mathematics with the concept of insurance by connecting it to important democratic citizenship dispositions such as civic participation, critical thinking, interpersonal skills, and knowledge of political activity. The ultimate goal of this interdisciplinary approach is to develop students' ability to make informed and reasoned decisions as current and future consumer-citizens.

The current research examines the relationship between personal financial knowledge (both objective and subjective), financial satisfaction, and selected demographic variables in terms of best practice financial behavior. Data are taken from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority's (FINRA) National Financial Capability Study, a nationally representative sample of 1,488 participants and are analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Findings suggest that both objective and subjective financial knowledge influence financial behavior, with subjective knowledge having a larger relative impact. Other variables that have a significant impact on financial behavior include financial satisfaction, income, education, age, race, and ethnicity. (Contains 2 figures and 3 tables.)

Remedying childhood obesity cannot take place without first identifying relevant issues commonly influencing gatekeepers of food for children as well as the role modeling for encouraging or discouraging daily activities. Children cannot drive to the store, form grocery lists or complete menu management tasks without adult assistance. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy leads to weight retention postpartum and often increases with each pregnancy. Maternal and postpartum obesity is associated with increased risk of developing gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, prenatal morbidity and increased risk of obesity in the offspring through adolescence which without intervention, leads to adulthood obesity. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) data, weight gain in excess of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines is common. CDC data has shown, between 1990-2005, gaining greater than 40# in all Body Mass Index (BMI) categories has increased between 15-20%. Considering insurance coverage for weight loss management is not promoted by all health care practitioners for all postpartum women and only a percentage of postpartum women choose to breastfeed which can enhance weight loss, strategies for recommending dietitian services to clinics, hospitals and communities for helping moms or gatekeepers lose weight will be shared.

The author advocates the use of films to supplement textbook treatments of bank runs and panics in money and banking or general banking classes. Modern students, particularly those in developed countries, tend to be unfamiliar with potential fragilities of financial systems such as a lack of deposit insurance or other safety net mechanisms. Films provide a dramatic example of the panic and uncertainty experienced by depositors and banks during bank runs. Students learn the value of deposit insurance and the types of informational asymmetries safety net mechanisms overcome. The author provides examples of assignments given in the past and possible extensions.

The quality of life is a relatively new concept, which is continually changing and for which there is not yet a wholly satisfactory definition. The quality of life involves human, social-economic and health characteristics. The manifold nature of the quality of life led to the development of various patterns for measuring it. The quality of life is determined by subjective and objective indices and this allows us to have a clearer overall picture of it. The aim of this research paper is to measure the standard of living based on six main levels determined by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions-Eurofound: 1. Employment; 2. Total income; 3. Family & Home; 4. Social life & Community involvement; 5. Medical care & health security insurance and 6. Knowledge & education. A very interesting part of the paper is the research into the impact of economic crisis on the quality of life. The study is based on a questionnaire which is filled by 200 persons living in Gjirokastra and Saranda. The analysis of the results from the questionnaire is carried out employing the logistic regress method. (Contains 3 tables and 8 figures.)

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of Part C programs and how funding has impacted the quality of services for children and families given ongoing budgetary concerns. Perceptions of State Early Intervention Coordinators (EICs) regarding their state Part C systems were obtained through an online survey. Using survey research methods to collect and analyze data, two primary questions were addressed in the current study: (a) What are the general characteristics of Part C programs that may be related to fiscal issues? and (b) What is the perceived impact of funding on the quality of services for children and families? A majority of respondents indicated their state program implements a primary service provider model, relies heavily on medical funding streams such as Medicaid, and is experiencing provider shortages. In addition, respondents commented on quality, trends, and funding of their state Part C programs. The findings of this study provide insight about the general characteristics of Part C programs, along with the perceived impact of funding on Part C services at the national level for policy makers, administrators, professionals, and families.

In this study we developed a brief, English/Spanish bilingual parent-reported scale of perceived community autism spectrum disorder (ASD) stigma and tested it in a multi-site sample of Latino and non-Latino white parents of children with ASD. Confirmatory factor analysis of the scale supported a single factor solution with 8 items showing good internal consistency. Regression modeling suggested that stigma score was associated with unmet ASD care needs but not therapy hours or therapy types. Child public insurance, parent nativity, number of children with ASD in the household, parent-reported ASD severity, and family structure, were associated with higher stigma score. The scale and the scale's associations with service use may be useful to those attempting to measure or reduce ASD stigma.