Search

This article announces the 2009 Annual Meeting for the "Journal of Finance," which will be held in San Francisco, California, from January 3, 2009 to January 5, 2009, the results of the 2008 election, which includes Jeremy Stein, Darrell Duffie, and John Cochrane, and that the AFA and the Department of Finance at Ohio State University have entered into a joint venture to maintain and enhance the finance faculty directory held on the OSU Web site.

This article presents announcement regarding individuals and events in the finance industry including an obituary for finance Professor Michael J. Barclay at the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York, the 2008 Annual Meeting with Professor Jeremy Stein from January 4, 2008 to January 6, 2008 in New Orleans, Louisiana, and a joint venture that was agreed upon by the AFA and the Department of Finance at Ohio State University, which will maintain, enhance, and

This paper uses both an ARIMA transfer-function intervention model and a panel data analysis to examine the effect of the Ohio deposit insurance crisis in 1985 on the pricing of six-month retail certificates of deposit (CDs) for federally-insured Ohio banks and savings and loans. Adjusting for pricing reactions due to changes in market rates, we find a significant, unanticipated rise in CD-rate premiums on the initial event week of the crisis that continued for approximately seven weeks. Consistent with a contingent insurance guarantee hypothesis, rate premiums are found to be risk based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial distribution of current telecommunication infrastructures has led to the inequality of broadband access in residential areas. Addressing such inequality requires the consideration of many criteria that are often conflicting. In this paper, we focus on two important factors using a bi-objective model that maximizes the overall broadband coverage and the services quality as measured by network connectivity. This model is applied to the DSL services in Fairfield County, Ohio. We explore the tradeoffs among different facility location scenarios and discuss their implications to the location of residential broadband services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents 2013 news on the American Society for Information Science& Technology. The society's interest group on international information issues is holding its 13th international paper competition for authors from developing countries. Society member Chirag Shah received a $273,000 grant from the IMLS Laura Bush 21st Century Librarian Early Careers program. Society member Tomas Lipinski was appointed director of the School of Library and Information Science at Kent State University.

Miscanthus × giganteus (miscanthus) is considered a beneficial biomass energy crop because of its carbon (C) sequestration potential and low fertilizer requirements, but few studies in the United States have measured long‐term C sequestration of miscanthus on suboptimal agricultural lands over a decadal scale, and none have been conducted in southeast Ohio. The objective of this study was to measure the soil C sequestration on abandoned agricultural land with a miscanthus crop that is harvested annually, the long‐term changes in plant and soil nitrogen (N), and the photosynthetic capacity in the tenth year of growth. This study was conducted over a 10‐year period from 2013 through 2023. A significant amount of C was accumulated in the soil (p < 0.05) and the mean C sequestration rates were 0.83 and 1.37 Mg C ha−1 year−1 at two different sites. The amount of C accumulated in the miscanthus plots by the tenth year was also greater than soil C in unmanaged grassland soils, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant change in the amount of N found in soil and plants over 10 years (p > 0.05), but the variability in plant N was greater in some years relative to others. Even though miscanthus was grown without N fertilizers in this study, soil N at 0–30 cm depth was not depleted over 10 years of crop management. The photosynthetic capacity of miscanthus measured in this study indicated that the plants were thriving after 10 years, and C assimilation for growth was consistent with the findings of prior work that evaluated the maximum photosynthetic rates of this species. The combination of significant soil C sequestration, sustained soil N, and high photosynthetic rates has important implications for the sustainability of miscanthus as a biomass crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems modelling of health issues enriches analysis of health care policies by exploring interdependencies among system components. Considering a wide range of stakeholder behavior is a requisite for developing a useful model. Our paper shows how to systematically identify stakeholder behavior, formulate them in a model and test their impact on health outcomes. Stakeholder behavior are explained in the context of a simulation‐based analysis of infant mortality in Ohio. Using group model building techniques, we identify three levels of stakeholder behavior—individual, organizational and policy behaviors—and discuss how these behaviors are reflected in the model formulation and drive the key health outcomes. Specifically, we show how individual and policy behaviors are formulated to examine their influence on the impact of progesterone therapy—one of the interventions identified in the group model building session—on infant mortality. We conclude with recommendations for incorporating diverse stakeholder perspectives in systems modelling of health issues. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs a hazard model to analyse the impact of education and two types of prison employment programmes on recidivism over a ten-year period for 4515 prisoners released from Ohio prisons in 1992. Estimations with a Weibull mixture model and propensity score approach provide two means for investigating self-selection bias. Selection bias is detected for participation in the most common prison job programme but has little effect on estimated marginal savings impacts of prison industry and education programmes. Estimates of the cost savings from postponing return to prison due to programme participation are provided. The potential for cost savings through decreasing or delaying return to prison is an important finding given the substantial and increasing cost of incarceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the debate concerning the value of distance education, reports distance education experiences in agricultural economics courses at The Ohio State University, and analyzes the effects of “distance” on student performance in and acceptance of the distance course. Results suggest that distance and “live” students performed equally in the same course, and they evaluated the course experience in a similar manner. These results provide some assurance that distance education, at least using the two-way interactive synchronous learning model of the courses in this study, does not place the distant student in jeopardy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the street railway controversy in Cleveland. In previous studies. the author has been concerned with the personalities of the leaders of the Civic Revival in Ohio and with the ideas which animated the movement. Interesting and important as was the dream of a city on a hill, the real import of the movement lies in its contribution of a practical example of a fight against privilege. The object of the present series of papers is to illustrate how this fight was carried on. In both Cleveland and Toledo the Street railway question was the vigorous and practical issue around which the fight against privilege centered. The Civic Revival began in both cities as a people's attempt to prevent local street railway companies from obtaining franchise extensions from supposedly corrupt councils. Popular antagonism toward the transportation and other public service companies was the backbone of the Civic Revivalists' political support. The problem of the terms upon which cities should renew street railway franchises was one faced by many communities in the early years of the twentieth century, for grants awarded about twenty-five years before were then beginning to expire.

The article informs that the opinion of the leaders of the Civic Revival in regard to the value of political remedies as aids to the solution of civic problems is made plain by contrasting their attitude toward the revision of city charters with their belief in the initiative and referendum and home rule. Unlike many municipal reformers the leaders of this movement were not primarily concerned with the form of city government. They recognized the utility of a model charter but they had learned that privilege was indifferent to forms. They believed that no matter how perfect a paper system of government was devised, tinkering with city charters would do no real good until privilege had been overthrown. The Civic Revivalists looked upon the initiative and referendum as powerful weapons for an awakened democracy. By giving the electorate the right to originate legislation, the initiative would make it possible for the people to secure the enactment of measures whose passage a reactionary legislature or council might otherwise prevent. The referendum would give the electorate a veto over acts or ordinances passed by the legislature or council and thus check corruption. Privilege would not corrupt the legislature to obtain laws which the people would overrule.

Using recently collected high‐resolution seismic data along a dense linear transect across Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia (called Mid‐Atlantic Geophysical Integrative Collaboration (MAGIC) profile), we analyze P‐to‐S receiver functions to investigate the undulations of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) discontinuities (410‐ and 660‐km) beneath the central Appalachian region. Our results incorporating the effects of local crustal and mantle structures suggest shallowing of both the 410‐ and the 660‐km discontinuities from the northwest (inland) to the southeast (coast) along MAGIC profile. Hydro‐thermal upwelling beneath the eastern U.S. coastal plain due to a hydrated MTZ and hot upwelling return flow associated with the descending lower mantle Farallon slab is consistent with our observations of MTZ structure considering 3D velocity heterogeneity. The inferred hydrous hot upwelling rising into the upper mantle may trigger dehydration melting atop the 410‐km discontinuity, which may help to explain the presence of a low velocity upper mantle anomaly beneath the region today. Plain Language Summary: The dynamic and tectonic processes of passive continental margins that do not lie on plate boundaries are poorly understood compared with active continental margins. The mantle flow patterns beneath the eastern North America, a long‐lived passive continental margin, are debated, due to limited local high‐resolution seismic studies. Using a dense seismic array through Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia (called MAGIC profile) with unprecedented resolution, we investigate the undulations of 410‐ and 660‐km discontinuities (boundaries of the mantle transition zone) beneath the eastern U.S. by analyzing seismic waves that have been converted at these discontinuities. After correcting for local crustal and mantle structures, we identify positively correlated shallowing of the 410‐ and 660‐km discontinuities from the inland to the coast, which are hard to explain by thermal heterogeneity alone. Our findings suggest the existence of hot upwelling return flow associated with the neighboring descending Farallon slab in the lower mantle beneath the eastern U.S. When this passive hot return flow rises through the hydrated transition zone into the upper mantle, dehydration melting atop 410‐km discontinuity may be triggered. The buoyant melt may further rise through the upper mantle, providing a potential explanation for upper mantle velocity anomalies beneath the region. Key Points: Seismic receiver functions image mantle transition zone discontinuities from a regional high‐resolution transect across the eastern U.SThe results are difficult to reconcile with either thermal or hydration variations alone in the transition zoneLocal hydro‐thermal upwelling due to hydrated transition zone and hot return flow associated with the descending Farallon slab may exist [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The king rail (Rallus elegans) is a secretive marsh bird that is threatened or endangered in eight of nine states and provinces in the Laurentian Great Lakes (Great Lakes) region. Available survey data suggests that this species has undergone population declines across this region and these are believed to have been driven by habitat loss and degradation. An improved understanding of the amount and type of habitat king rails require during the breeding season at sites within the Great Lakes region would inform and improve progress toward conservation goals. During 2019–2021, we caught and radio‐tagged 14 king rails in northwestern Ohio and southeastern Michigan within impounded coastal wetlands of western Lake Erie. We used radio telemetry to identify breeding season (May–August) home‐range characteristics and third order habitat selection within home ranges (hereafter microhabitat). For the birds whose home range stabilized (N = 10), we found a mean home‐range size of 8.8 ha (±1.63 [SE]; range = 1.9 to 15.8). We generated a classification tree to determine which habitat characteristics were associated with king rail presence within home ranges in our study. We found that vegetative density within home ranges was particularly associated with king rail presence. Phragmites australis was also associated with king rail presence, despite its invasiveness and negative ecological impacts in the region, and could be selectively maintained to benefit king rails. Our results suggest that managers may be able to provide microhabitat for king rails by maintaining water depths of 6 to 17 cm and by promoting native, robust vegetation in the genera Carex and Juncus. Our findings could help inform wetland managers and conservation planners in the Great Lakes region, particularly in western Lake Erie coastal marshes, of patch sizes, water depths, plant communities, and vegetative structure preferred by king rails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed at the 21st Annual Midwest Regional Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Meeting held in Toledo, Ohio on November 7, 2011 is presented. Topics include evaluation of optimal blood pressure targets in emergency department patients with asymptomatic hypertension and target-organ cardiac damage, examination of the effectiveness of screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the nares, axilla and groin and a medicolegal simulation.

Identifying regions that mediate regional propagation of atmospheric perturbations is important to assessing the susceptibility and resilience of complex hydroclimate systems. Detecting the regional gateways through causal inference, can help unravel the interplay of physical processes and inform projections of future changes. In this study, we characterize the causal interactions among nine climate regions in the contiguous United States using long‐term (1901–2018) precipitation data. The constructed causal networks reveal the cross‐regional propagation of precipitation perturbations. Results show that the Ohio Valley region acts as an atmospheric gateway for precipitation and moisture transport in the U.S., which is largely regulated by the regional convective uplift. The findings have implications for improving predicative capacity of hydroclimate modeling of regional precipitation. Plain Language Summary: Successful detection of causality in complex systems is important to unraveling the underlying mechanisms of system dynamics. The dynamic interactions in Earth's climate system are often nonlinear, weakly or moderately coupled, and essentially non‐separable, which renders conventional approaches of causal inference, such as statistical correlation or Granger causality, infeasible or ineffective. Here we applied the convergent cross mapping method to detect causal influence among different climate regions in the contiguous U.S. in response to precipitation perturbations. The results of our study show that the Ohio Valley region, as an atmospheric convergence zone, acts as a regional gateway and mediator for the long‐term precipitation perturbations in the U.S. The temporal evolution of causal effect and susceptibility exhibits superposition of climate variability at various time scales, highlighting the impact of prominent climate variabilities such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the dynamics of causality. Key Points: We use the convergent cross mapping algorithm (CCM), based on embedding theory, for causality inference in this studyCCM is used to detect causal influence in precipitation perturbations among different climate regions of USThe Ohio Valley region emerges as a causal gateway of moisture transport and propagation of regional precipitation anomalies in the US [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regionally specific flower preference data are needed to optimize conservation habitat plantings for at‐risk pollinators such as bumble bees (Bombus spp.). Current tools for selecting flowers for plantings rely on raw bee flower visits, which can be biased toward abundant flowers. To assist in planning habitat enhancements for bumble bees, we quantified genus‐ and species‐level floral preferences using a selection index that accounts for floral availability. Through 477 h of observation in Ohio, USA during the summers of 2017 and 2018, we recorded 22,999 observations of eight Bombus species visiting 96 flowering plant taxa. As a genus, Bombus selected flowers nonrandomly; the most strongly preferred plants included Asclepias spp., Cirsium spp., Convolvulaceae, Dipsacus spp., Echinacea purpurea, Monarda fistulosa, Penstemon digitalis, and Silphium spp. Only a few Fabaceae were highly selected (Baptisia spp., Trifolium pratense, and Vicia spp.), while some were preferred only during their peak bloom (Securigera varia), and others were not preferred by bumble bees (T. hybridum and Melilotus spp.). Diets differed among habitats, and in restored meadows, bumble bees selected for native planted species such as Monarda fistulosa, Asclepias syriaca, Echinacea purpurea, Penstemon digitalis, and Silphium spp. Diets and preferences shifted over the season, largely driven by changes in plant phenologies (e.g., in June, Penstemon was strongly selected, in July, Asclepias, and in August, Verbena). For the three most common Bombus (B. impatiens, B. griseocollis, and B. bimaculatus), rarefaction analysis indicates that we were able to detect almost all plants in their summer diets. However, for five less common species, even our extensive sampling was insufficient to fully characterize their diets. The common Bombus species differed in their feeding niches, perhaps reducing interspecific competition. In contrast, we found high diet overlap between three rarer species—B. vagans, B. fervidus, and B. pensylvanicus, suggesting that these at‐risk species might benefit from different floral communities than would the common species. Five of eight species (including one that is currently under review for federal listing) most strongly preferred one or another non‐native plant, presenting managers with a conservation conundrum concerning how to balance the needs of bees with the preservation of native plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments often compensate communities for hosting disruptive industries. Sometimes compensation comes with restrictions that preclude highly‐valued investments. I exploit policy discontinuities at the Pennsylvania‐Ohio border to understand how restrictions affect local investment. Ohio delivers unrestricted revenues to schools and municipalities with shale development. Pennsylvania leaves out schools, and requires that municipalities address the industry's impacts. Municipalities in both states save most of the revenues. Ohio schools leverage them to increase borrowing and finance capital investments. This suggests that affected residents have greater demand for school investments, and that broad use of compensation may benefit communities more than allocating it narrowly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates consumer preferences for local brands of consumer packaged goods. Using a structural model of consumer demand for ice cream and data on retail ice cream sales from multiple locations of a large food retailer, we estimate consumer demand for local brands of ice cream and the willingness to pay for the local attribute. Using fixed and random coefficients logit models of product choice with cost shifters as instruments, we find that Ohio consumers are willing to pay, on average, an additional $0.13 per serving for local brands of ice cream. In counterfactual simulations, we estimate that replacing local brands of ice cream would reduce welfare by $2.78 million dollars annually for consumers in Ohio. For policymakers seeking to maintain and attract new local food producers, these results provide new insights into the potential gains that could result from increased local consumer packaged goods entrants [EconLit Citations: D12, D61, Q11, Q18]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lake Erie has experienced unprecedented harmful algal blooms since the early 2000s, prompting the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada, which aims to reduce lake‐wide phosphorous loadings by 40%. Little is known about the economic benefits from this agreement, especially to near lake homeowners. We provide key information on the benefits of harmful algal bloom cleanup by linking housing transactions in 2003 to 2015 from seven Ohio counties bordering Lake Erie with measures of water quality using remote‐sensing images. We further control for endogenous algae production using instrumental variables derived from hydrological processes that link Maumee River runoff to nutrient concentrations in Lake Erie. Using a semiparametric approach, we find the impact of harmful algal blooms on housing prices is spatially limited to properties within 1.2 km of Lake Erie. For the average near lake homeowner, a 1 μg/L increase in algae concentrations is expected to decrease property values by 1.7% ($2205). In aggregate, fulfilling the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement will provide a yearly benefit of up to $42.9 million, fully covering the current annual expenditure on water quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the penetration of wind power generation is increasing remarkably worldwide, and the accurate wind power forecasting (WPF) is essential to ensure the reliability and economy of the power system. Most of the current work of WPF only capture temporal correlation in the time domain but ignore the spatial correlation. In this study, a spectral time graph neural network based on the maximum correlation criterion (MCC‐Stem‐GNN) is proposed to improve the accuracy of WPF for multiple sites and horizons. The self‐attentive mechanism in the MCC‐Stem‐GNN automatically learns the correlations between the multivariate sequences. Besides, this model combines the Graph Fourier Transform (GFT) to model spatial correlation and the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to model temporal correlation. The effectiveness of the proposed robust deep learning framework is verified on the simulated wind energy dataset over 16 locations in Ohio, US through considering different sample contamination types and levels, comprehensive case study is carried out to show the superiority of the MCC‐Stem‐GNN over the benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe the content of newspaper articles about cervical cancer and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine published in Appalachia and identify potential differences in coverage as compared to the content of newspaper articles published in non-Appalachia Ohio. Background Individuals rely on media as an important source of health information. Inadequate coverage of health issues may reinforce health inequities such as the elevated cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in Appalachia Ohio. Methods A content analysis was conducted of all newspaper articles about cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine published in Appalachia and non-Appalachia Ohio during 2006. Findings A total of 121 published newspaper articles (42 in Appalachia and 79 in non-Appalachia) about cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine were identified. Articles published in Appalachia Ohio were significantly less likely than articles published in non-Appalachia Ohio to provide information about the threat of cervical cancer and the efficacy of the HPV vaccine. Specifically, few articles published in Appalachia included information about the ability of the vaccine to prevent cervical cancer, the cost of the vaccine and the availability of assistance programmes for the un- and underinsured. Conclusions Newspaper articles printed in the Appalachia region lacked vital information that could help promote uptake of the HPV vaccine. Health educators and healthcare providers should be aware that women from underserved geographic regions like Appalachia may have greater information needs regarding their risk of cervical cancer and the potential benefits of the HPV vaccine as compared to the general patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies the principles of high-quality professional development based on research and explores how the principles were used to examine the Literacy Specialist Project (LSP) in Ohio. It discusses how each principle was related to literacy professional development using examples from the LSP, reports data from the project about teacher and student learning, and presents implications and additional questions related to accountability systems for professional development.

This paper describes the highlights of an exploratory deep log analysis of journal usage on OhioLINK, conducted as part of the MaxData project. OhioLINK, the original 'Big Deal', provides a single digital platform of nearly 6,000 full-text journals for more than 600,000 people in Ohio and the investigation aimed to assess it after approximately 10 years. The data was generated from an SPSS analysis of the raw (unprocessed) server logs for June 2004 to December 2004. Approximately 1,215,000 items were viewed on campus in October 2004 and 1,894,000 items viewed off campus between June and December 2004. There area number of usage analyses including: demand and activity; number and name of journals date of publication; subject/discipline of journal and method of searching/navigating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the synthetic control method to determine the economic impact of shale exploitation on Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Estimation results are mixed. The shale development decreased the poverty rate and increased the employment growth rate in Pennsylvania and West Virginia in the short run. Top oil and gas producing counties in West Virginia also experienced short‐term personal income growth due to fracking. However, most of the positive impacts disappeared a few years after the initial boom periods. The shale development did not bring significant economic benefits to Ohio. Further, shale drilling activities exert a potential long‐term negative effect on population growth in all three states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a conference paper by Thomas Boyd, Marshall Goodman, and Debbie Gross-Sidlow, delivered at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association in New York on September 1981, in which they discussed the topic "Goal Orientations of Ohio State Legislators." It states that an empirical evaluation of the goals of legislators, using data from a survey of Ohio state legislators was carried out in this paper.

Estimates the revenue loss due to the uniform pricing policy practiced by state monopoly liquor system in Ohio. Comparison of liquor prices and state laws governing the sale of liquor in Ohio and bordering states; Estimation of per capital liquor sales in 1980; Factors that determine liquor sales and affect the average price of liquor; Reasons for the revenue loss in liquor price.

This study will model pre-1978 CATV and utility behavior in Ohio to determine
* This research was, in part, supported by the Ohio Cable TV Association. I thank Dr. Charles Ingene, Dr. John Landon and an anonymous reviewer for numerous comments, suggestions and corrections. 1. Senate Report (Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee) No. 95-580 Nov. 2, 1977, pp. 12-13. 2. For a discussion of these attempts and related issues, see: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Communications, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, U.S. House of Representatives, July 22, 1977, Washington, D.C. Examples of antitrust suits by CATV companies include: Continental Cablevision of Ohio, Inc. et al. vs American Electric Power Co. Inc., et al. Case No. C-3-76-394, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, Columbus, Ohio, January, 1977.
whether the pole attachment rates charged by utilities were consistent with monopoly pricing. Optimal attachment rates will also be derived using second best pricing rules. The policy implications of this research will also be reviewed.
This study is one of the few attempts to apply optimal second best pricing rules (Ramsey prices) to an existing problem. Baumol and Bradford [1] clearly articulated these principles in 1970 and traced their development. Applications since then include model development for postal rates by Sherman and George [16], an application to journal pricing by Ordover and Willig [12], a pilot study of postal and telephone rates by Willig and Bailey [22], and an assessment of railway rates by Damus [6].
While the theoretical validity of the inverse demand elasticity rule is established, its use by regulatory agencies in the United States is in its infancy. Implementation problems are one factor accounting for its limited use by agencies. One purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that, while its application to pole rental rates is complex, it is far from impossible.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast-growing penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) will become a primary challenge to the reliability of the power distribution grid (below 69 kV). The impulsive charging characteristics of PEV could accelerate grid assets' depreciation and deteriorate power quality by instantaneously drawing massive power. This study introduces a software prototype, distribution grid response monitor (DGROM), which allows for assessment of PEV's dynamic impact on the distribution power system and predicts the range of the charging impact on asset depreciation. Distinct from related studies, DGROM allows for customised inputs (e.g. driving habits, charging stations, and PEV types) in PEV's impact analysis and visualises the results. Furthermore, by deploying an optimistic mitigation algorithm, DGROM forecasts the upper and lower bound of the distribution system response under PEV penetration. The authors describe the mathematical model and analysis methods of DGROM and demonstrate its validity on the distribution networks located in Oakland, Ohio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscape heterogeneity plays an important role in population structure and divergence, particularly for species with limited vagility. Here, we used a landscape genetic approach to identify how landscape and environmental variables affect genetic structure and color morph frequency in a polymorphic salamander. The eastern red‐backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, is widely distributed in northeastern North America and contains two common color morphs, striped and unstriped, that are divergent in ecology, behavior, and physiology. To quantify population structure, rates of gene flow, and genetic drift, we amplified 10 microsatellite loci from 648 individuals across 28 sampling localities. This study was conducted in northern Ohio, where populations of P. cinereus exhibit an unusually wide range of morph frequency variation. To test whether genetic distance was more correlated with morph frequency, elevation, canopy cover, waterways, ecological niche or geographic distance, we used resistance distance and least cost path analyses. We then examined whether landscape and environmental variables, genetic distance or geographic distance were correlated with variation in morph frequency. Tests for population structure revealed three genetic clusters across our sampling range, with one cluster monomorphic for the striped morph. Rates of gene flow and genetic drift were low to moderate across sites. Genetic distance was most correlated with ecological niche, elevation and a combination of landscape and environmental variables. In contrast, morph frequency variation was correlated with waterways and geographic distance. Thus, our results suggest that selection is also an important evolutionary force across our sites, and a balance between gene flow, genetic drift and selection interact to maintain the two color morphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective was to identify factors associated with transport of injured older adults meeting statewide geriatric trauma triage criteria to a trauma center. Methods: An observational retrospective cohort study using the 2009 to 2011 Ohio Trauma Registry. Subjects were adults ≥ 70 years old who met Ohio's geriatric triage criteria for trauma center transport by emergency medical services. We created multivariable logistic regression models to identify predictors of initial and ultimate (e.g., interfacility transfer) transport to a Level I or II trauma center and to a Level I, II, or III center. Results: Of 10,411 subjects, 47% were initially and 59% were ultimately transported to a Level I or II trauma center with rates of 66 and 74%, respectively, for transport to a Level I, II, or III center. For initial transport to a Level I or II center, age 80 to 89 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89), age ≥ 90 (OR = 0.76), and either only a Level 3 (OR = 0.3) or no trauma center (OR = 0.11) in county of residence had decreased odds of transport, while male sex (OR = 1.38), black race (OR = 2.07), Injury Severity Score (ISS) 10–15 (OR = 1.99), ISS > 15 (OR = 2.85), and Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9 (OR = 2.11) had increased odds. Results were similar for ultimate transport to a Level I or II center. Analyzing transport to a Level I, II, or III center demonstrated similar results except a Level III trauma center in county of residence was associated with increased odds (OR = 2.00 for initial and 2.21 for ultimate) of transport to a Level I, II, or III center. Conclusions: We identified factors independently associated with failure to transport injured older adults to trauma centers in statewide data collected after adoption of geriatric triage criteria. Lack of a trauma center in the county of residence remained a factor even in analyses that included ultimate transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to provide quantitative estimates of the marginal net rates of return which commercial banks realize on their demand deposits, time deposits, and capital stock. To estimate these rates of return, multiple regression analysis is applied to balance sheet data on earnings, costs, deposits, and capital. The data consist of a cross section of 295 member banks in the state of Ohio for each year of the period from 1963 to 1966. Marginal rates of return are estimated for each of these four years. To test the possibility that net rates of return may be influenced by bank size, separate regressions are estimated for banks with total deposits of under and over 10 million dollars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In 2006, Ohio changed its Medicaid reimbursement methodology for nursing homes (NHs) to promote more efficient staffing levels. This study examines the impacts of this policy change on quality.Research Design and Subjects: Ohio NHs were categorized based on their anticipated change in reimbursement under a new reimbursement system initiated in 2006. Linear regressions were utilized to determine how quality changed from 2006 to 2010 relative to a group of NHs that were not anticipated to experience any significant change in reimbursement. We examine resident outcomes constructed from the Minimum Data Set, deficiency citations, staffing levels, and satisfaction scores for residents and families as measures of quality.Principal Findings: Nursing homes in the group receiving increased reimbursement showed an increase in nursing and nursing aide staffing levels. NHs in the group receiving a reduction in reimbursement did lower staffing levels. None of the nonstaffing quality outcomes were impacted by changes in Medicaid reimbursement.Conclusion: Increased Medicaid reimbursement was found to increase staffing levels, but it had a limited effect, at least in the short run, on an array of nonstaffing quality outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Missed diagnoses of acute ischemic stroke ( AIS) in the ED may result in lost opportunities to treat AIS. Our objectives were to describe the rate and clinical characteristics of missed AIS in the ED, to determine clinical predictors of missed AIS, and to report tissue plasminogen ( tPA) eligibility among those with missed strokes. Methods Among a population of 1.3 million in a five-county region of southwest Ohio and northern Kentucky, cases of AIS that presented to 16 EDs during 2010 were identified using ICD-9 codes followed by physician verification of cases. Missed ED diagnoses were physician-verified strokes that did not receive a diagnosis indicative of stroke in the ED. Bivariate analyses were used to compare clinical characteristics between patients with and without an ED diagnosis of AIS. Logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of missed AIS diagnoses. Alternative diagnoses given to those with missed AIS were codified. Eligibility for tPA was reported between those with and without a missed stroke diagnosis. Results Of 2,027 AIS cases, 14.0% ( n = 283) were missed in the ED. Race, sex, and stroke subtypes were similar between those with missed AIS diagnoses and those identified in the ED. Hospital length of stay was longer in those with a missed diagnosis (5 days vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001). Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [ aOR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [ CI] = 0.89 to 0.98) and decreased level of consciousness ( LOC) ( aOR = 3.58, 95% CI = 2.63 to 4.87) were associated with higher odds of missed AIS. Altered mental status was the most common diagnosis among those with missed AIS. Only 1.1% of those with a missed stroke diagnosis were eligible for tPA. Conclusion In a large population-based sample of AIS cases, one in seven cases were not diagnosed as AIS in the ED, but the impact on acute treatment rates is likely small. Missed diagnosis was more common among those with decreased LOC, suggesting the need for improved diagnostic approaches in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change is causing shifts in phenology across multiple species. We use a geographically and temporally extensive data set of butterfly abundance across the state of Ohio to ask whether phenological change can be predicted from climatological data. Our focus is on growing degree days (GDD), a commonly used measure of thermal accumulation, as the mechanistic link between climate change and species phenology. We used simple calculations of median absolute error associated with GDD and an alternative predictor of phenology, ordinal date, for both first emergence and peak abundance of 13 butterfly species. We show that GDD acts as a better predictor than date for first emergence in nearly all species, and for peak abundance in more than half of all species, especially univoltine species. Species with less ecological flexibility, in particular those with greater dietary specialization, had greater predictability with GDD. The new method we develop for predicting phenology using GDD offers a simple yet effective way to predict species' responses to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about the annual meeting of the Social Science History Association held in Columbus, Ohio, on November 3-5, 1978. It discusses a variety of papers presented during the event, including the two panels sponsored by the Legislative Behavior Network. Additional information about the next meeting, after the event is also given in the section.

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Old-growth forests dominated by understory-tolerant tree species are among forest types most likely to be in equilibrium. However, documentation of the degree to which they are in equilibrium over decades-long time periods is lacking. Changes in climate, pathogens, and land use all are likely to impact stand characteristics and species composition, even in these forests. Here, 32 years of vegetation changes in an old-growth beech (Fagus grandifolia)-sugar maple (Acer saccharum) forest in Hueston Woods, southwest Ohio, USA, are summarized. These changes involve canopy composition and structure, turnover in snags, and development of vegetation in treefall gaps. Stand basal area and canopy density have changed little in 32 years. However, beech has decreased in canopy importance (49% to 32%) while sugar maple has increased (32% to 47%). Annual mortality was about 1.3% throughout the study period. Mortality rates increased with stem size, but the fraction of larger stems increased due to ingrowth from smaller size classes. Beech was represented by more very large stems than small canopy stems: over time, death of those larger stems with inadequate replacement has caused the decrease in beech importance. Sugar maple was represented by more small canopy stems whose growth has increased its importance. The changes in beech and sugar maple relative importance are hypothesized to be due to forest fragmentation mostly from the early 1800s with some possible additional effects associated with the formation of the state park. Snag densities (12-16 snags/ha) and formation rates (1-3 snags·ha-1·yr-1) remained consistent. The treefall gaps previously studied are closing, with a few, large stems remaining. Death of gap border trees occurs consistently enough to favor species able to combine growth in gaps and survival in the understory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:1014-1021 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Objectives: An abnormal field Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of ≤13 has been used in our emergency medical services (EMS) system to prompt transport to a trauma center. For elders, Ohio has recently adopted a GCS of ≤14 to prompt EMS transport to a trauma center, as older patients respond differently to trauma and may benefit from a different GCS threshold. This study sought to determine if a field GCS of 14 is an appropriate cutoff to initiate transport to a trauma center among injured elders. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational statewide analysis of injured patients ≥16 years old captured by the Ohio Trauma Registry from 2002 to 2007. Outcomes studied included mortality, traumatic brain injury (TBI), neurosurgical intervention, and endotracheal intubation (ETI). Multiple imputation was performed to account for missing data. Age-stratified sensitivity and specificity for proposed GCS cutoffs of 13 and 14 were calculated. A series of multivariate logistic regression models was then constructed using each outcome as a dependent variable. Independent variables included age, GCS score, sex, blood pressure, injury type, nontrauma center, race, ethnicity, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Two separate analyses were performed. For each age group, odds ratios (ORs) of each outcome were calculated both for the decrease in GCS from 15 to 14 and for the decrease from 14 to 13. The group of elders with GCS 14 was then compared to adults with GCS 13. Results: A total of 52,412 study patients were identified. For a GCS cutoff of 13, sensitivity among elders for each outcome was >20% less than sensitivity for adults, and specificity was 5% to 10% greater. Increasing the GCS cutoff for elders to 14 resulted in improved sensitivity for all outcomes (approximately 10%), with a decline in specificity to values near that of adults with GCS 13. In the multivariate models for elders, mortality increased with a decrease in GCS both from 15 to 14 (OR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.83) and from GCS 14 to 13 (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.57 to 3.52). In adults, mortality did not increase with the drop from GCS 15 to 14 (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.88 to 1.71) or from GCS 14 to 13 (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.91 to 2.30). When comparing elders with GCS 14 to adults with GCS 13, elders had greater odds of mortality (OR = 4.68, 95% CI = 2.90 to 7.54) and TBI (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.45 to 2.34). Conclusions: Changing the EMS trauma triage cutoff for elders from GCS 13 to GCS 14 results in improved sensitivity for clinically relevant outcomes. In injured elders, the decline in GCS from 15 to 14 is associated with increased mortality, a finding not observed in younger adults. Elders with GCS 14 have greater odds of mortality and TBI than adults with GCS 13. These results support recent changes in EMS trauma triage guidelines for elders adopted in Ohio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the literatures on knowledge communities, knowledge exchange, knowledge bases and cultural and creative industries. It suggests that short-term events in even 'ordinary' places can meet the criteria for knowledge communities and, therefore, deserve greater attention from scholars. Examples from the music economy are presented in order to expand thinking on knowledge communities with respect to industrial influence and scale. In addition, by comparing a music industry conference in Los Angeles with a music-related project in Columbus, Ohio, processes of knowledge exchange are examined in relation to the concepts of local and global buzz and pipelines and new work in this area. By focusing on the characteristics of knowledge involved in training sessions for independent artists within the two temporary events, a blurring of the boundary between the symbolic and synthetic knowledge bases is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors use weekly milk scanner data from six stores of a national supermarket chain to investigate empirically the purchasing patterns of suburban and inner-city residents for conventional and organic milk. They disaggregate conventional milk products into four categories based on fat content (whole, 2%, 1%, and skim); organic milk is disaggregated into these same categories, but for empirical estimation, some categories are combined. Their descriptive statistics show that suburban consumers, relative to inner-city consumers, purchase more organic and lower-fat conventional milk. These same consumers pay higher prices for conventional and organic milk, save for conventional 1% and skim milk. Our econometric results indicate that suburban consumers are price insensitive toward the purchase of all conventional and organic classes; inner-city consumers are price-sensitive toward conventional whole and 2% milk-products that constitute 89% of their milk expenditure; these same consumers are price insensitive toward all other classes of conventional and organic milk. [JEL codes: Q110, Q130, Q180]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information-seeking behavior is one of the most enduring subjects in the marketing and agribusiness literature. Based on a mail survey of 3,000 randomly selected farmers in Ohio, this study contributes empirical evidence about differences in farmers' information strategies regarding type, amount, and sources of information, and identifies factors that explain the variation in farmers' information search behavior. Farmers split into four distinct search typologies. Farmers' attitudes toward search, farm sales, years farming, Internet access, and farm type were good predictors of search strategies, underscoring the value of the clustering approach for farmer segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appreciating variation along the edges of traditional archaeological Culture Historical boundaries requires close consideration of social contexts associated with culture contact. We focus on dietary variation as a function of these concerns through a case study of Fort Ancient populations who, on average, consumed lower quantities of maize than their Mississippian neighbors as determined by stable carbon isotope ratios of bone collagen. However, this dichotomy is not as rigid as initially thought, with some Fort Ancient burials producing stable carbon isotope ratios similar to Mississippian cases. Detailed investigation of internal variation of carbon isotopes for human burials at the SunWatch site provides evidence that contact included small-scale Mississippian migrations to Fort Ancient sites. The main conclusion is that variation in diet and archaeological context can be a useful approach for examining prehistoric migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photographs of several activities of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) members during the 2008 ASIS&T Annual Meeting in Columbus, Ohio are presented

We examine the effects of some oft-overlooked influences on clergy public speech, an important component of a church's public witness. While there are many studies of denominational conflict, few studies connect denominational-level conflict with the ways in which clergy address salient public issues to their congregations. We also explore the impact that the presence of a congregant who has struggled with his or her sexuality, that is, the contact hypothesis, has on clergy speech. We test these ideas using 2004 survey data from clergy in Columbus, Ohio concerning their speech on the state's constitutional ban on gay marriage. We find that these intra-organizational constraints shape opinions that in turn affect speech, tempering indirectly the ability of clergy to present concerns about the proposed ban. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. When studying speciation, researchers commonly examine reproductive isolation in recently diverged populations. Polymorphic species provide an opportunity to examine the role of reproductive isolation in populations that may be in the process of divergence. 2. We examined a polymorphic population of Plethodon cinereus (red-backed salamanders) for evidence of sympatric ecological separation by colour morphology. Recent studies have correlated temperature and climate with colour morphology in this species, but no studies have looked at differences in diet or mate choice between colour morphs. We used artificial cover objects to assess salamander diet, mating preference and surface activity over a 2-year period at a field site in north-eastern Ohio. 3. We detected differences in diet between two colour morphs, striped and unstriped. The diets of striped individuals were significantly more diverse and were made up of more profitable prey than the diets of unstriped salamanders. 4. Opposite sex pairs were made up of individuals of the same colour morph and striped males were found more often with larger females than were unstriped males. 5. We corroborate findings of earlier studies suggesting that the unstriped form is adapted to warmer conditions. Unstriped individuals were the first to withdraw from the forest floor as temperatures fell in the late fall. We found no evidence that the colour morphs responded differently to abiotic factors such as soil moisture and relative humidity, and responses to surface temperatures were also equivocal. 6. We conclude that the two colour morphs exhibit some degree of ecological separation and tend to mate assortatively, but are unlikely to be undergoing divergence given the observed frequency of intermorph pairings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimates of global insect species richness are sometimes based on effective specialization, a calculation used to estimate the number of insect species that is restricted to a particular tree species. Yet it is not clear how effective specialization is influenced by spatial scale or characteristics of the insect community itself (e.g. species richness). We investigated scale dependence and community predictors of effective specialization using 15,907 beetles (583 species) collected by insecticide fogging from the crowns of 96 trees (including 32 Quercus trees) located in Ohio and Indiana. Trees were distributed across 24 forest stands (∼1 ha) nested within six sites (∼10–100 km2) and two ecoregions (> 1000 km2). Using paired-sample randomization tests, we found that effective specialization ( f k) exhibited negative scale-dependence in early (May–June 2000) and late (August–September 2000) sampling periods. Our average effective specialization ( F) values — those that are comparable to Erwin's (1982) estimates — ranged from 19% to 97%, and increased as spatial scale decreased. We also found that beetle species richness and the number of shared beetle species across host trees were significant and consistent negative predictors of F. This shows that increases in spatial scale, species richness, and the number of trees (and/or tree species) all coincide with decreases in effective specialization. Collectively, our results indicate that estimates of global insect species richness based on effective specialization at a single spatial scale are overestimating the magnitude of global insect species richness. We propose that scale dependence should be promoted to a central concept in the research program on global estimates of species richness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf litter decomposition experiments were conducted on two deciduous ( Nothofagus obliqua (roble)) and Nothofagus pumilio (lenga)) and one evergreen ( Nothofagus dombeyi) Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) species from a single Chilean forest in order to understand how congeneric trees with differing leaf lifespans impact the soil in which they grow. Single-species litter samples were decomposed in a mixed hardwood forest in Ohio and in a deciduous-evergreen Nothofagus forest in Chile. In the Ohio forest, the two deciduous species’ litters decomposed at k ≈ 1.00 per year and the evergreen at k ≈ 0.75 per year. In Chile k ranged from k ≈ 0.06 ( N. obliqua) to k ≈ 0.23 ( N. pumilio) per year. In both experiments, N and P were released faster from the deciduous litters than from evergreen litter. In Ohio, evergreen litter immobilized more N and P for a longer time period than did deciduous litter. As N. dombeyi stands tend to have lower available soil N and P in this particular mixed Nothofagus forest, the increased time of N and P immobilization by N. dombeyi litter suggests a feedback role of the tree itself in perpetuating low N and P soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. We studied physiological, behavioural and demographic traits of House Wrens ( Troglodytes aedon) in tropical Panama and temperate zone Ohio to explore the hypothesis that tropical birds with higher adult survival rates invest less in annual reproduction than their temperate zone counterparts. 2. Compared with wrens from Ohio, Panamanian wrens invested fewer resources in a given reproductive episode, as quantified by lower parental field metabolic rate (FMR) and water influx rate (WIR), a smaller number of feeding trips to the nest, and fewer chicks per brood. 3. Whole organism FMR and WIR were only 13–15% lower in tropical wrens, but because of their larger body size, mass-specific values were reduced by 34–37%. We propose that selection acts indirectly on whole-organism energy expenditure in the tropical wrens by specifically reducing mass-specific levels of metabolic rate, thereby postponing deleterious effects of aging and thus decreasing intrinsic mortality. 4. Declines in parental FMR and fledgling survival probability in the course of the season suggest that reproduction is more time-constrained in the temperate zone, compressed by the shorter breeding season, and as a result more energetically costly for the parents. In contrast, tropical wrens do not show temporal variation in FMR and nesting success and therefore are less constrained to breeding during a short season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To examine the effect of hospital volume on 30-day mortality for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) using administrative and clinical data in conventional regression and instrumental variables (IV) estimation models. Data Sources. The primary data consisted of longitudinal information on comorbid conditions, vital signs, clinical status, and laboratory test results for 21,555 Medicare-insured patients aged 65 years and older hospitalized for CHF in northeast Ohio in 1991–1997. Study Design. The patient was the primary unit of analysis. We fit a linear probability model to the data to assess the effects of hospital volume on patient mortality within 30 days of admission. Both administrative and clinical data elements were included for risk adjustment. Linear distances between patients and hospitals were used to construct the instrument, which was then used to assess the endogeneity of hospital volume. Principal Findings. When only administrative data elements were included in the risk adjustment model, the estimated volume–outcome effect was statistically significant ( p=.029) but small in magnitude. The estimate was markedly attenuated in magnitude and statistical significance when clinical data were added to the model as risk adjusters ( p=.39). IV estimation shifted the estimate in a direction consistent with selective referral, but we were unable to reject the consistency of the linear probability estimates. Conclusions. Use of only administrative data for volume–outcomes research may generate spurious findings. The IV analysis further suggests that conventional estimates of the volume–outcome relationship may be contaminated by selective referral effects. Taken together, our results suggest that efforts to concentrate hospital-based CHF care in high-volume hospitals may not reduce mortality among elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]