43,491 results
Search Results
2. American College of Rheumatology White Paper: The Effects of Climate Change on Rheumatic Conditions—An Evolving Landscape and a Path Forward.
- Author
-
Dellaripa, Paul F., Sung, Lily H., Bain, Paul A., Lanata, Cristina, Blazer, Ashira, Miller, Frederick W., and Feldman, Candace H.
- Subjects
- *
RISK assessment , *AIR pollution , *CLIMATE change , *IMMUNE system , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *RHEUMATOLOGY , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *RHEUMATISM , *PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Objective: Increases in global temperatures and extreme weather events associated with climate change have complex yet poorly understood detrimental impacts on human health. We reviewed the current published literature on climate change–related effects and rheumatic conditions. Methods: To summarize our current understanding of the likely effects of climate change, including increased air pollution, on rheumatic disease, we searched the published, peer‐reviewed English‐language literature from January 2000 to December 2022. Articles were reviewed by a team of rheumatologists and clinical and translational science researchers. Systematic review articles were not included but informed additional literature searches. Results: After extensive examination and adjudication, 88 articles met inclusion criteria and were selected for review. Much of the epidemiologic investigations assessed associations between air pollution and increased risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis, anti–citrullinated protein antibodies, flares of gout, and hospitalizations for systemic lupus erythematosus. Increased heat vulnerability was associated with higher odds of recurrent hospitalizations across rheumatic conditions. Mechanisms for observed associations are poorly understood but could include the effects of epigenetic changes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines. Studies had limitations, including restricted geography and populations studied without focus on historically marginalized communities at highest risk for adverse effects from pollution and climate change, the relative lack of mechanistic evaluations, and most with only indirect links to climate change. Conclusion: To date, the published literature lacks studies that directly examine effects of climate change on rheumatic diseases. Collaborative translational and epidemiologic research is needed to enhance our understanding and awareness in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Using incident reports to diagnose communication challenges for precision intervention in learning health systems: A methods paper.
- Author
-
Clark, Rebecca R. S., Klaiman, Tamar, Sliwinski, Kathy, Hamm, Rebecca F., and Flores, Emilia
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL incident reports , *WOMEN'S health services , *RACE , *INSTRUCTIONAL systems - Abstract
Introduction: Poor communication is a leading root cause of preventable maternal mortality in the United States. Communication challenges are compounded with the presence of biases, including racism. Hospital administrators and clinicians are often aware that communication is a problem, but understanding where to intervene can be difficult to determine. While clinical leadership routinely reviews incident reports and acts on them to improve care, we hypothesized that reviewing incident reports in a systematic way might reveal thematic patterns, providing targeted opportunities to improve communication in direct interaction with patients and within the healthcare team itself. Methods: We abstracted incident reports from the Women's Health service and linked them with patient charts to join patient's race/ethnicity, birth outcome, and presence of maternal morbidity and mortality to the incident report. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of incident reports using an inductive and deductive approach to categorizing communication challenges. We then described the intersection of different types of communication challenges with patient race/ethnicity and morbidity outcomes. Results: The use of incident reports to conduct research on communication was new for the health system. Conversations with health system‐level stakeholders were important to determine the best way to manage data. We developed a thematic codebook based on prior research in healthcare communication. We found that we needed to add codes that were equity focused, as this was missing from the existing codebook. We also found that clinical and contextual expertise was necessary for conducting the analysis—requiring more resources to conduct coding than initially estimated. We shared our findings back with leadership iteratively during the work. Conclusions: Incident reports represent a promising source of health system data for rapid improvement to transform organizational practice around communication. There are barriers to conducting this work in a rapid manner, however, that require further iteration and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Pressure sensitive adhesives and paper spray‐mass spectrometry for the collection and analysis of fentanyl‐related compounds from shipping materials.
- Author
-
Prunty, Sarah, Carmany, Daniel, Dhummakupt, Elizabeth S., and Manicke, Nicholas E.
- Subjects
PRESSURE-sensitive adhesives ,ELECTROSPRAY ionization mass spectrometry ,SPECTROMETRY ,MASS spectrometry ,DRUG residues ,FENTANYL ,ADHESIVES - Abstract
The rise of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in the drug supply pose serious threats to public health. Much of these compounds enter the United States through shipping routes. Here we provide a method for fentanyl screening and analysis that utilizes pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) lined paper to recover drug residues from parcel‐related surfaces. The paper used is commercially available repositionable notes (also called post‐it or sticky notes). From this paper, mass spectra were obtained by paper spray‐mass spectrometry (PS‐MS), where PSA paper served as both a sampling and analysis substrate. Seven fentanyl‐related compounds were analyzed: fentanyl, 4‐anilino‐N‐phenethylpiperidine (4‐ANPP), N,1‐diphenethyl‐N‐phenylpiperidin‐4‐amine (phenethyl‐4‐ANPP), valerylfentanyl, 4‐fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl (4‐FIBF), carfentanil, and p‐fluorofentanyl. These compounds were recovered by PSA paper and identified by PS‐MS from packaging tape and plastic at 50 ng and from cardboard and shipping labels at 100 ng. The impact of cutting agents on PS‐MS analysis of fentanyl analogs was explored. No trends of analyte suppression were found at high concentrations of the cutting agents caffeine, diphenhydramine, and lidocaine when recovered from surfaces. A cartridge that required no precise cutting of PSA paper prior to sampling or analysis was evaluated for use in PS‐MS for fentanyl screening. Recovery and detection of fentanyl from plastic sheeting was demonstrated with this cut‐free cartridge. The cut‐free cartridge showed somewhat less consistency and lower analyte signal than the standard cartridge, but performance was suitable for potential screening applications. In combining PSA surface sampling with PS‐MS for drug screening, both sampling and detection of fentanyl‐related compounds is simple, rapid, and low‐cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Exhibit 11: ADEA Position Papers.
- Subjects
- United States, Leadership, Education, Dental
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. What makes an orthopaedic paper highly citable? A bibliometric analysis of top orthopeadic journals with 10-year follow up.
- Author
-
Lutter, Mirjam, Rudolf, Henrik, Lenz, Robert, Hotfiel, Thilo, and Tischer, Thomas
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,CITATION analysis ,WEB databases ,SCIENCE databases ,DATABASES - Abstract
Purpose: To examine a series of papers from top ranked orthopaedic journals with respect to the number of citations over a 10-year observation period to identify factors that lead to high citation rates. Methods: The Web of Science database was consulted to identify all published papers from the first-year term of 2010 (January-May) from four top orthopaedic journals: AJSM, Arthroscopy, JBJS Am and KSSTA. The database was used to analyze and compare the papers with respect to their characteristics and citations up to 2019. Basic information for each paper was collected including the author, country, study type and average citations per year (ACY). The most (Top20%) and least (Bottom20%) frequently cited papers were identified and differences were extracted. Results: Five hundred sixteen papers were included with a total of 19,261 citations. Most of the published papers were from the United States (n = 245). On average, a paper received 37.3 citations over the 10-year observation period. The most cited paper was cited 322 times. The most cited study type was randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Ø80.8). The Top20% papers were cited 37 times more often than the Bottom20%. Among the Top20%, the largest group was cohort study (n = 20) followed by case series (n = 19). Among others, the number of authors, the number of keywords and the number of references significantly correlated with the number of citations (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Factors influencing citation frequency were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Classifying papers into subfields using Abstracts, Titles, Keywords and KeyWords Plus through pattern detection and optimization procedures: An application in Physics.
- Author
-
Pech, Gerson, Delgado, Catarina, and Sorella, Silvio Paolo
- Subjects
ABSTRACTING ,DATABASES ,PHYSICS ,ELECTRONIC journals ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ,ACADEMIC achievement ,INTELLECT ,RESEARCH funding ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,INFORMATION science ,DATA analysis software ,POLICY sciences ,INFORMATION technology - Abstract
Classifying papers according to the fields of knowledge is critical to clearly understand the dynamics of scientific (sub)fields, their leading questions, and trends. Most studies rely on journal categories defined by popular databases such as WoS or Scopus, but some experts find that those categories may not correctly map the existing subfields nor identify the subfield of a specific article. This study addresses the classification problem using data from each paper (Abstract, Title, Keywords, and the KeyWords Plus) and the help of experts to identify the existing subfields and journals exclusive of each subfield. These "exclusive journals" are critical to obtain, through a pattern detection procedure that uses machine learning techniques (from software NVivo), a list of the frequent terms that are specific to each subfield. With that list of terms and with the help of optimization procedures, we can identify to which subfield each paper most likely belongs. This study can contribute to support scientific policy‐makers, funding, and research institutions—via more accurate academic performance evaluations—, to support editors in their tasks to redefine the scopes of journals, and to support popular databases in their processes of refining categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Application of the US EPA's risk-screening indicators model and toxic release inventory database to study pollution prevention trends in paper manufacturing industry.
- Author
-
Velagapudi, Srikar, Kumar, Ashok, and Saripalli, Meghadeep Varma
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL waste prevention ,ENVIRONMENTAL indicators ,PAPER products industry ,HAZARDOUS wastes - Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) using information submitted by different industries in the United States. This research examines the contaminants released by paper manufacturing industry in the United States and Ohio over time and what paper manufacturers are doing to diminish the quantities of chemical wastes generated, released to the environment, or managed by other means. It is understood that there is a reduction in the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) scores from 2002 to 2014 in all the states, which can be related to the adaptation of recycling or reusing of the chemicals in various other manufacturing processes. The other significant observation inferred from the analysis is that the facilities in the states such as Wisconsin, Louisiana, South Carolina, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania based on the economic feasibility or recycling prospects, they are generating higher quantities of the selected chemical resulting in the higher RSEI scores respectively for the above-mentioned states. This article demonstrates the application of the risk-screening indicators model to a large database to analyze pollution data. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 808-814, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. No card, no service: Challenges faced by vulnerable populations of a cashless society.
- Author
-
Horne, Dan and Collins, M. Cary
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC funds transfers ,PAPER money ,CASH transactions ,STORED-value cards ,GOVERNMENT policy ,CITY dwellers ,EDITORIAL boards ,BUSINESS cards - Abstract
How people pay is critically important to consumers and businesses alike. Many consumers are choosing to pay for goods and services from an increasing number of options. Tech‐savvy urbanites buy coffee by tapping their phone on a reader. Parents returning from a night out use peer‐to‐peer payment apps, such as Venmo, to pay the sitter. The recent explosion of financial innovations promises faster, more efficient, and cheaper transactions. These increasing digital payment options coincide with decreased number and volume of cash transactions. However, vulnerable populations face more constrained payment choices and often rely exclusively on cash. Without experience, devices, or acceptable credit histories, vulnerable populations may have little access to digital transactions. The advantages of falling digital costs and other benefits thus accrue to the digitally connected. At the same time, those who must transact in coins and paper money are likely to find their relative costs increasing. This paper highlights payment trends and the potential impact on vulnerable populations in the United States as we move toward a cashless society. This paper should stimulate discussions of public policy initiatives to mitigate digital payment issues for vulnerable people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Effects of a Waste Paper Product on Soil Phosphorus, Carbon, and Bulk Density.
- Author
-
Brauer, David and Aiken, Glen
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,PHOSPHORUS in soils ,CARBON ,SOIL density ,MANURES ,AGRICULTURE ,WATER quality ,WATER - Abstract
The article presents the effects of a waste paper product on soil phosphorus, carbon, and bulk density. Soil test values for phosphorus have increased due to the applications of manures to agricultural fields in the United States. Because of the application, there is a probability that phosphorus will be in the surface water. The effect will be the degradation of water quality. The danger of phosphorus transport to surface water may be lowered through the application of waste paper on soils with high soil test phosphorus. In Booneville, Arizona, a test was conducted to show the effects of adding waste paper product on soil phosphorus, carbon, and bulk density.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Industry-wide study of mortality of pulp and paper mill workers.
- Author
-
Matanoski GM, Kanchanaraksa S, Lees PS, Tao XG, Royall R, Francis M, and Lantry D
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Distribution, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Industry, Male, Middle Aged, Poisson Distribution, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Survival Rate, United States epidemiology, Cause of Death, Industrial Waste adverse effects, Neoplasms mortality, Occupational Diseases mortality, Paper
- Abstract
A study of pulp and paper mill workers indicated low risks of death from all causes (standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 0.74) and all cancers (SMR = 0.81) compared with U.S. rates. The leukemia death rate in workers was not higher than the U.S. rate but was higher than the rate in county populations surrounding mills. Workers whose last jobs were in the finishing areas of the mills had an elevated SMR for liver cancer. An internal comparison of occupational characteristics indicated that workers employed in mills using other chemical pulping operations had significantly elevated mortality from all causes, all cancers, heart disease, lymphomas, and brain cancers. Lung cancer mortality was elevated in mills using kraft pulping. The internal comparisons confirmed the association between work in finishing and the risk of liver cancer. This study was designed to investigate whether pulp and paper mill workers have any risks that would indicate the need for studies detailing exposures.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Exhibit 11: ADEA Position Papers.
- Subjects
- United States, Education, Dental, Schools, Dental
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Non-legal-tender paper money: the structure and performance of Maryland's bills of credit, 1767-75.
- Author
-
CELIA, JAMES and GRUBB, FARLEY
- Subjects
NEGOTIABLE instruments ,COLONIAL Maryland, ca. 1600-1775 ,MONEY ,PAPER money ,HISTORY ,ECONOMIC policy ,EIGHTEENTH century ,U.S. states ,COLONIAL United States, ca. 1600-1775 ,HISTORY of money - Abstract
In this article, Maryland's non-legal-tender paper money emissions between 1765 and 1775 are reconstructed to determine quantities outstanding and redemption dates, providing a substantial correction to the literature. Over 80 per cent of this paper money's current market value was expected real asset present value and under 20 per cent was liquidity premium. It was primarily a real barter asset and not a fiat currency. The liquidity premium was positively related to the amount of paper money per capita in circulation. This paper money traded below face value due to time-discounting, rather than depreciation. Past scholars have simply confused depreciation with time-discounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. American College of Rheumatology White Paper on Antimalarial Cardiac Toxicity.
- Author
-
Desmarais, Julianna, Rosenbaum, James T., Costenbader, Karen H., Ginzler, Ellen M., Fett, Nicole, Goodman, Susan, O'Dell, James, Pineau, Christian A., Schmajuk, Gabriela, Werth, Victoria P., Link, Mark S., and Kovacs, Richard
- Subjects
- *
CARDIOTOXICITY , *RHEUMATOLOGY , *CARDIOMYOPATHIES , *VENTRICULAR tachycardia , *ANTIMALARIALS , *HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE , *CHLOROQUINE , *PATIENT safety , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) are well‐established medications used in treating systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as skin conditions such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus. In rare cases, arrhythmias and conduction system abnormalities, as well as cardiomyopathy, have been reported in association with HCQ/CQ use. Recently, however, the corrected QT interval (QTc)–prolonging potential of these medications, and risk of torsade de pointes (TdP) in particular, have been highlighted in the setting of their experimental use for COVID‐19 infection. This report was undertaken to summarize the current understanding of HCQ/CQ cardiac toxicity, describe QTc prolongation and TdP risks, and discuss areas of priority for future research. A working group of experts across rheumatology, cardiology, and dermatology performed a nonsystematic literature review and offered a consensus‐based expert opinion. Current data clearly indicate that HCQ and CQ are invaluable medications in the management of rheumatic and dermatologic diseases, but they are associated with QTc prolongation by directly affecting cardiac repolarization. Prescribing clinicians should be cognizant of this small effect, especially in patients taking additional medications that prolong the QTc interval. Long‐term use of HCQ/CQ may lead to a cardiomyopathy associated with arrhythmias and heart failure. Risk and benefit assessment should be considered prior to initiation of any medication, and both initial and ongoing risk–benefit assessments are important with regard to prescription of HCQ/CQ. While cardiac toxicity related to HCQ/CQ treatment of rheumatic diseases is rarely reported, it can be fatal. Awareness of the potential adverse cardiac effects of HCQ and CQ can increase the safe use of these medications. There is a clear need for additional research to allow better understanding of the cardiovascular risk and safety profile of these therapies used in the management of rheumatic and cutaneous diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Recommendations to improve maternal health equity among Black women in "The South": A position paper from the SNRS minority health research interest & implementation group.
- Author
-
Eapen, Doncy, Mbango, Catherine, Daniels, Glenda, Mathew Joseph, Nitha, Mary, Annapoorna, Mathews, Nisha, Carr, Kathryn Kravetz, Wells, Cheryl, Suriaga, Armiel, and Saint Fleur, Angeline
- Subjects
MATERNAL health services ,MEDICAL quality control ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MINORITIES ,BLACK people ,WOMEN ,QUALITY assurance ,NURSING research ,PREGNANCY complications ,HEALTH care teams ,PROFESSIONAL associations ,MATERNAL mortality - Abstract
Black women in the United States experience a higher maternal mortality rate compared to other racial groups. The maternal mortality rate among non‐Hispanic Black women is 3.5 times that of non‐Hispanic White women and is higher in the South compared to other regions. The majority of pregnancy‐related deaths in Black women are deemed to be preventable. Healthy People 2030 directs healthcare providers to advance health equity through societal efforts to address avoidable inequalities, historical and contemporary injustices, and the elimination of health and healthcare disparities. The Southern Nursing Research Society has put forward this position paper to provide recommendations to improve maternal health equity among Black women. Recommendations for nurses, multidisciplinary healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Issue Info ‐ Call for papers (Theme 1).
- Subjects
- *
CHRISTMAS in popular culture , *RITES & ceremonies - Abstract
The article offers information on how to submit articles about American Christmas to be published in the journal, including topics like Christmas costumes, Yuletide fashions and styles, and Christmas riots.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. idPAD: Paper Analytical Device for Presumptive Identification of Illicit Drugs.
- Author
-
Lockwood, Tracy‐Lynn E., Leong, Tammy X., Bliese, Sarah L., Helmke, Alec, Richard, Alex, Merga, Getahun, Rorabeck, John, and Lieberman, Marya
- Subjects
- *
DRUGS of abuse , *DRUG overdose , *HEROIN , *CRACK cocaine , *CLINICAL drug trials , *FUNCTIONAL groups , *DRUG analysis - Abstract
As drug overdose deaths across the United States continue to rise, there is increasing interest in field testing of illicit substances. This work discusses a paper‐based analytical device (idPAD) that can run a library of 12 colorimetric tests at the same time, each detecting different chemical functional groups and materials found in illicit drugs, distractor substances, and cutting agents. The idPAD requires no electricity, costs less than $2 USD, and requires minimal training to operate. The results of the 12 tests form a color barcode which is "read" by comparison to standard images. The accuracy of the idPAD was assessed using samples of heroin, cocaine HCl, crack, and methamphetamine at concentrations of 25%–100% in a lactose matrix, as well as pure lactose. Based on 840 "reads" by three different users, the idPAD showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting these drugs; the most common error was mistaking cocaine HCl for crack or crack for cocaine HCl. In a second step, samples of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine (n = 30) and distractor substances (pharmaceuticals, cutting agents, and other illicit drugs, n = 64) were tested by two readers, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Targeted substances were detected reliably at 55–180 μg/lane, and the idPAD was found to be stable for at least 3 months when stored at room temperature. The library approach used in the idPAD may provide the accuracy and robustness necessary for a presumptive field drug test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. "We're Playing Sisters, on Paper!": children composing on graphic playgrounds.
- Author
-
Dyson, Anne Haas
- Subjects
- *
ETHNOLOGY , *CHILDREN , *CLASSROOMS , *SOCIOECONOMICS - Abstract
In this paper, I draw on two childhood ethnographies to ask basic questions about the foundation of child writing. The first question is, where does writing come from in young children's lives? Answering this question will lead us to childhood play as the foundation of writing. The second question is, how do educators negotiate an inclusive, playful classroom culture in racially divisive and neoliberal times? This question will lead to a critical consideration of forming an inclusive culture in a racially and culturally diverse classroom. In this time of uniform, mandated curricula, rampant in the United States and elsewhere, and of the dismissive attitude towards play and towards childhood diversity (e.g., in race, culture and socioeconomic class), it is worth revisiting basic questions about the beginnings of writing in childhoods. The questions are relevant whether a child is writing on paper, screen, slate, or sand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Institutional Path Dependence in Competitive Dynamics: The Case of Paper Industries in Finland and the USA.
- Author
-
Lamberg, Juha‐Antti, Laurila, Juha, and Nokelainen, Tomi
- Subjects
ECONOMIC competition ,PATH dependence (Social sciences) ,PAPER industry ,CORPORATE governance ,ORGANIZATIONAL commitment - Abstract
Prior research on competitive dynamics has failed to offer tools to understand distorted patterns of competition that emerge from distinct institutional and historical contexts. Our analysis suggests that a joint effect of institutional rules, governance structures, and shared cognition plays a pivotal role in firm-level competitive behavior and capability development. We show how globally significant market positions can result from specific institutional arrangements between firms and governments, especially if coupled with interfirm contractual commitments. Our results call for more attention to these interfirm commitments that are built on formal rules and governmental support, but whose impact they yet exceed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Healthy Aging: American Geriatrics Society White Paper Executive Summary.
- Author
-
Friedman, Susan M., Mulhausen, Paul, Cleveland, Maryjo L., Coll, Patrick P., Daniel, Kathryn M., Hayward, Arthur D., Shah, Krupa, Skudlarska, Beata, and White, Heidi K.
- Subjects
- *
ACTIVE aging , *HEALTH of older people , *HEALTH promotion , *LIFE expectancy , *PREVENTIVE medicine , *AUTONOMY (Psychology) in old age , *QUALITY of life , *FRAIL elderly , *CHRONIC diseases , *DEPENDENCY (Psychology) , *DISEASES , *ELDER care - Abstract
In July 2015, the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society published a manuscript titled, "Failing to Focus on Healthy Aging: A Frailty of Our Discipline?" In response, the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Clinical Practice and Models of Care Committee and Public Education Committee developed a white paper calling on the AGS and its members to play a more active role in promoting healthy aging. The executive summary presented here summarizes the recommendations from that white paper. The full version is published online at GeriatricsCareOnline.org. Life expectancy has increased dramatically over the last century. Longer life provides opportunity for personal fulfillment and contributions to community but is often associated with illness, discomfort, disability, and dependency at the end of life. Geriatrics has focused on optimizing function and quality of life as we age and reducing morbidity and frailty, but there is evidence of earlier onset of chronic disease that is likely to affect the health of future generations of older adults. The AGS is committed to promoting the health, independence, and engagement of all older adults as they age. Geriatrics as an interprofessional specialty is well positioned to promote healthy aging. We draw from decades of accumulated knowledge, skills, and experience in areas that are central to geriatric medicine, including expertise in complexity and the biopsychosocial model; attention to function and quality of life; the ability to provide culturally competent, person‐centered care; the ability to assess people's preferences and values; and understanding the importance of systems in optimizing outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:17–20, 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Vision Paper.
- Author
-
Rymsza, Thomas A.
- Subjects
WOOD pulp industry ,PAPER industry ,PULP mills - Abstract
Presents information on KP Products Inc., which do business as Vision Paper, located in New Mexico. Information on Kenaf, an annual plant which was identified as the most promising nonwood fiber plant; Product development background; Plan of the company to build and operate a series of state-of-the-art pulp mills based on agriculturally produced raw material.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Northwestern Paper Company.
- Author
-
Barrett, M. Edgar and W. Slape, Mitchell
- Subjects
INDUSTRIES ,PAPER industry ,PULP mills ,INDUSTRIAL capacity - Abstract
The article presents a case study of Northwestern Paper Co. From a single pulp and paper mill at the company's inception, Northwestern had expanded substantially over the years, opening additional pulp and paper mills across the United States. By the 1950s, the company was one of the largest U.S. producers of pulp and paper products. During the 1960s and 1970s, the company made a big push toward overseas expansion, particularly into Western Europe, where there was high demand for paper products. Market pulp was pulp sold on the open market, rather than being converted into paper at the company's own mills. It was shipped from the mill in bales of dry sheets. The early 1990s had proven difficult for Northwestern and other paper companies in the U.S. and Europe. Many of the industry's problems were attributable to the high level of excess production capacity. Industry growth during the 1980s led paper companies to invest heavily in new mills and paper machines. Starting in 1990, however, demand for paper products declined. In an attempt to absorb the high fixed costs associated with investments in plant and machinery, several firms in the industry had tried to maintain relatively high rates of plant capacity utilization.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Drug Contamination of U.S. Paper Currency and Forensic Relevance of Canine Alert to Paper Currency: A Critical Review of the Scientific Literature.
- Author
-
Poupko, Jay M., Hearn, William Lee, and Rossano, Federico
- Subjects
- *
DRUG analysis , *MONEY , *CANIDAE , *FORFEITURE , *DRUG traffic - Abstract
Abstract: Several studies have reported on wide‐spread contamination of U.S. paper currency with cocaine and to a lesser extent other illicit drugs. Canines are trained and employed to search for and alert to drugs. Canine alert to currency has been used as evidence that currency has been directly involved in illicit drug trafficking to justify currency seizure and forfeiture. This assertion, particularly when the only evidence is based upon canine alert, has been challenged in the courts considering that most currency in circulation is contaminated with cocaine. Comprehensive review of the scientific literature establishes that (i) 67–100% of circulated U.S. currency is contaminated with cocaine ranging from a few nanograms to over one milligram/bill (ii) various biological and environmental parameters impact canine alert to drugs. It is concluded that canine alert to U.S. currency is not sufficiently reliable to determine that currency was directly used in an illicit drug transaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Exhibit 11: ADEA Position Papers.
- Subjects
- Societies, Dental, United States, Education, Dental, Schools, Dental
- Published
- 2019
25. Exhibit 9: Position Papers.
- Subjects
MEDICAL education ,DENTAL care ,DENTISTS ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
The article offers several position papers related to dental education by the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) in the U.S. The papers, approved by the 2003 House of Delegates, are presented as reference for dental education, dental educators and institution in the educational program. Specifically, it discusses freedom and responsibilities of individuals and institutions, health care, and due process for students in dental education.
- Published
- 2003
26. Paper Mill Residuals and Compost Effects on Soil Carbon and Physical Properties.
- Author
-
Foley, B.J. and Cooperband, L.R.
- Subjects
SANDY soils ,VEGETATION & climate ,CARBON in soils - Abstract
Evaluates the short- and intermediate-term effects of repeatedly amending sandy soil with paper mill residuals (PMR) and composted PMR in a vegetable rotation in Wisconsin's central sands. Effects of PMR and composted PMR on total soil carbon; Changes in water-holding capacity and plant-available water (PAW); Relationship between total soil carbon and PAW.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Exhibit 8: Position Papers.
- Subjects
DENTAL education ,DENTAL students ,DENTAL schools ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
The article presents the position papers approved by the 1996 House of Delegates of the American Dental Education Association in the U.S. It consists of statement on peer review and health care programs. It outlines the freedoms and responsibilities of individuals and institutions. It also highlights the due process for students in dental education.
- Published
- 2000
28. Position Paper.
- Subjects
DENTAL schools ,DENTAL care ,DENTAL education - Abstract
The article focuses on the position of the American Dental Education Association regarding the roles and responsibilities of academic dental institutions in improving dental health in the U.S. It discusses the identification of the need and demand for oral health care. It explains the principles that govern academic dental institutions. It also emphasizes the role of dental institutions in the supply and demand for dental professionals.
- Published
- 2007
29. Position Paper.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC medical centers ,DENTAL health education ,ORAL hygiene ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,MEDICINE ,DENTAL personnel - Abstract
Presents a report on the roles and responsibilities of academic dental institutions in improving the oral health status of U.S. citizens as last revised by the 2004 House of Delegates of the American Dental Education Association. Aspects of medicine which apply equally to dentistry; General principles for academic dental institutions; Types of oral health providers.
- Published
- 2005
30. Reforming Dental Health Professions Education: A White Paper.
- Author
-
DePaola, Dominick P. and Slavkin, Harold C.
- Subjects
ORAL medicine ,MEDICAL education ,ORAL hygiene ,DENTAL education ,UNITED States education system ,EDUCATION policy ,EDUCATION - Abstract
The oral health education system is in need of major reform! This is especially apparent in university-based education for the health professions. So-called preclinical as well as clinical education simply has not kept pace with or been responsive enough to shifting patient demographics and patient/population desires and expectations, changing health system expectations, evolving interdisciplinary expertise and practice requirements, new scientific discoveries and scientific information, focus on quality improvement, and/or integration of emerging technologies. Moreover, university-based "dental education" is the most costly professional degree education within the entire university portfolio, and dental student accumulated debt is increasing each year well beyond national inflation estimates. Today, we have an enormous opportunity to explore major reforms in health professional education. Through the Santa Fe "process" of open and candid engagements and discussions (see www.santafegroup.org), we advance an argument as well as a national strategy that can enable major reforms in the oral health education system. We further suggest that major revisions can result in an outcome-based education system that prepares oral health professionals to meet both the needs of patients/families/communities and the requirements of a changing health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Exhibit 10: Position Paper.
- Subjects
COMMUNITY dental services ,DENTAL schools ,DENTAL care ,DENTAL hygiene ,TOOTH care & hygiene ,HEALTH occupations schools - Abstract
The article offers information on the roles and responsibilities of academic dental institutions towards American dental care in the U.S. It discusses the challenges and duties of dental care institutions on the improvement and awareness of Americans on the aspect of oral health. It also explores the aspects that academic dental institutions should focus, including the need and demand on oral health care, access to dental care and patient care mission.
- Published
- 2003
32. Exhibit 8: Position Papers.
- Subjects
DENTAL education ,PROFESSIONAL peer review ,CLINICAL competence ,CURRICULUM - Abstract
The article presents position papers approved by the American Association of Dental Schools (AADS) related to dental education in the U.S. It mentions incorporation of peer review in dental school curricula provides an opportunity to learn skills of working with other practitioners and learn actual clinical skills. AADS believes that federal funds must be included to finance basic healthcare benefits.
- Published
- 1999
33. The Drug Shortage Era: A Scoping Review of the Literature 2001–2019.
- Author
-
Tucker, Emily L., Cao, Yizhou, Fox, Erin R., and Sweet, Burgunda V.
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,SCARCITY ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
Drug shortages continue at crisis levels in the United States, with no end in sight. Extensive research in disparate areas has been conducted to explore the impact that shortages have on patients and the healthcare system. We conducted a scoping review to categorize existing work in order to identify opportunities for further research. We considered peer‐reviewed and non‐peer‐reviewed articles involving non‐vaccine, human drug shortages in the United States published in English between January 2001 and May 2019. In total, 430 papers were charted according to the following categories: causes, impacts on care, health outcomes, costs, management, prevention, and federal government response. Of these, 112 papers considered causes; 199 discussed effects, 158 considered management strategies, and 140 discussed prevention. We provide a resource to navigate the vast literature on drug shortages in the United States, identifying areas in need of further research. This review highlights the widespread negative effects that drug shortages have on patients, providers, and health system costs in the United States. Evidence of their ramifications should be sufficient to justify policy change. Future work should move from characterizing the problem to working toward solutions to reduce the impact, occurrence, and effects of shortages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Segmented Labor Markets in Alabama's Pulp and Paper Industry.
- Author
-
Bailey, Conner, Sinclair, Peter, Bliss, John, and Perez, Karni
- Subjects
- *
LABOR market , *FOREST products industry , *PAPER industry , *RURAL industries , *RURAL population - Abstract
Alabama's forest products industry plays a dominant role in the state's rural economy. Examination of how access to employment opportunities is distributed provides insight into how the benefits of this industry are distributed. Based on a combination of available secondary data and semi-structured interviews with management and workers in the pulp and paper sector of Alabama's forest products industry, a clear picture of segmented labor markets emerges in which structural and cultural factors determine access to certain jobs. The evolution of these highly segmented labor markets is traced from deep roots in racial discrimination to contemporary efforts in support of affirmative anion. Increased use of sub-contracting in logging, hauling, and mill work represents the must recent change affecting the structure of labor markets associated with the production of pulp and paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Characterization of the Research Papers of U.S. Medical Schools.
- Author
-
McAllister, Paul R. and Narin, Francis
- Subjects
MEDICAL schools ,MEDICAL publishing ,HEALTH occupations schools ,MEDICAL research ,RESEARCH institutes - Abstract
An Investigation of the relationship between National institutes of Health (NIH) funding and the quantity and nature of biomedical publications is reported for 120 U.S. medical school complexes. A correlation of 0.95 was found between the amount of NIH funds received and the number of biomedical publications from the medical schools. Medical school ranks based on bibliometric measures were found to correlate at the 0.80-0.90 level with ranks based on peer assessments of the schools. The characteristics of the medical school papers varied with the type of school. The average citation influence per paper Increased with the publication size of the schools. This was true even when factors such as public versus private control, geographic region, average research level (from basic to clinical), and subject emphasis were controlled. The positive relationship between number of papers from a school and its citation influence holds within Individual research levels and within subfields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION PERFORMANCE ON ECONOMIC AND MARKET PERFORMANCE: PULP AND PAPER FIRMS.
- Author
-
Jaggi, Bikki and Freedman, Martin
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,POLLUTION ,INDUSTRIAL management ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of pollution performance by pulp and paper firms on their economic and market performance. Pollution performance measurement is based on a pollution index developed from pollution emission reports filed with the regional offices of the Environmental Protection Agency by pulp and paper firms for their individual plants. Economic performance is measured by Net Income, ROE, ROA, Cashflow/Equity and Cashflow/Assets; market performance is measured by the PE ratio and systematic risk. The association between the pollution index and economic and market performance variables is tested by the Pearson Correlation coefficients. The results of this study indicate that, in the short run, pollution performance is negatively associated with economic performance and that the markets do not reward good pollution performance. Strict pollution standards may be desirable for forcing management to undertake pollution abatement activities to achieve a cleaner environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A Long-Term, Multitrophic Level Study to Assess Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Effects on Aquatic Communities in Four US Receiving Waters: Background and Status.
- Author
-
Hall, Timothy J., Fisher, Robert P., Rodgers Jr., John H., Minshall, G. Wayne, Landis, Wayne G., Kovacs, Tibor G., Firth, Barry K., Dube, Monique G., Deardorff, Thomas L., and Borton, Dennis L.
- Subjects
PULP mills ,PAPER mills ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,WATERSHEDS ,ECOLOGY - Abstract
An industry-funded, long-term, receiving water study was initiated in 1998/1999 to address questions about the potential effects of pulp and paper mill effluent discharges on US receiving waters. Although the study continues, the knowledge gained to date provides an opportunity to reflect on the study development process, its progress, and its outcomes. As a backdrop to a series of articles in this special issue describing study results, this article describes the process by which study information objectives were identified as well as the process by which the experimental design was developed. A review of past literature and research identified gaps in long-term population/community data about effluent effects and that, consequently, emerged as a primary information objective. The selected streams for study included 1) Codorus Creek (Pennsylvania, USA), 2) Leaf River (Mississippi, USA), 3) McKenzie River (Oregon, USA), and 4) Willamette River (Oregon) represent a blend of mill process types, coldwater and warmwater stream types, and a range of effluent concentrations. Measurements included numbers of periphyton, macroinvertebrate, and fish communities; the assessment of water and effluent quality; laboratory bioassays; and fish full-life-cycle assays. Information objectives included addressing natural variability and, consequently, the study included long-term temporal (>10 y) and watershed-scale spatial frameworks. Regional-scale ecological risk assessments were performed for each site that aided in placing each site in an ecological and regulatory context. An adaptive-management process is described that allowed for modifications over time as a result of lessons learned as the study progressed. Results from the initial 7 to 8 y of monitoring, as described in the series of articles in this special issue, provide a unique data set with respect to addressing point-source pulp and paper mill effluent discharge concerns and may serve as a template for others to use in developing monitoring or management programs to assess or address water quality conditions or concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Winner of the William M. Jones Best Graduate Student Paper Award at the 2018 Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association Conference: The “Amusement Economist:” J.H. Haverly and the Modernization of the American Minstrel Show.
- Author
-
Steiner, Madeline
- Subjects
- *
MINSTREL shows , *POPULAR culture , *TURN of the century (19th-20th century) , *AMUSEMENT management , *MARKETING , *HISTORY of popular culture ,CULTURAL industries advertising - Abstract
The article discusses the role that the American business owner J.H. “Jack” Haverly played in managing and developing blackface minstrel shows in the U.S. during the late 19th century and early 20th century. An overview of Haverly's advertisements and marketing efforts for the minstrel shows is provided.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Exhibit 6: Position Papers.
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL law & legislation ,DENTAL education ,EDUCATIONAL planning ,SCHOOL autonomy ,DUE process of law - Abstract
The article offers information on the rules and regulations related to dental education in the U.S. as approved by the 1996 American Association of Dental Schools (AADS) House of Delegates. It states that dual principle of autonomy with responsibility in academic matters is accepted in the institutions of higher education. It notes that due process must be provided by dental schools to its students in the interest of fairness.
- Published
- 1998
40. Critique on Symposium of Reiss, Stokes and Poffenberger Papers.
- Author
-
Porter, Blaine M.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,SEXUAL intercourse ,PHYSICAL anthropology ,SEXUAL ethics ,CHURCH & state - Abstract
Facets of human behavior deserve the serious consideration of man more than the re-evaluation of our moral codes and the development of a sound, functional, ethical orientation regarding sex. Because human beings have sex impulses, society has found it necessary to order and regulate sex activities and relations, and therefore every cultural group has established some set of rules and patterns to which its members were expected to conform. Some of the traditional attitudes and beliefs about sex have focused upon the negative view that sex was unclean--something to be denied and rejected. The church and state took upon themselves the responsibility of establishing regulations and attempted to enforce adherence to these regulations in order to preserve the values of the society or group. The double standard in premarital sexual intercourse has been increasingly questioned and criticized in modern United States. There are those who believe in and observe a single standard of chastity, and an apparently increasing number who are accepting premarital coitus for both male and female.
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. NABH white paper calls attention to residential treatment.
- Author
-
Canady, Valerie A.
- Subjects
ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH education ,EVALUATION of medical care ,HEALTH policy ,HEALTH services accessibility ,PATIENT advocacy ,HOME care services ,EXECUTIVES ,PEDIATRICS ,CONTINUUM of care ,DECISION making ,MANAGEMENT ,POLICY sciences ,POLITICAL participation ,PSYCHIATRIC treatment ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MENTAL health services - Abstract
Intensive outpatient and partial hospitalization or day treatment programs can provide more intensive levels of care with multiple types of therapy, more frequent sessions with mental health professionals, and clinically informed care coordination and case management. This observation on residential treatment is included in a new white paper released this month by the National Association for Behavioral Healthcare (NABH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Keynote Papers and the Current Financial Crisis.
- Author
-
Coates IV, John C.
- Subjects
FINANCIAL crises ,RECESSIONS ,FINANCIAL services industry laws ,UNITED States. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Abstract
Several conference papers about the 2008 and 2009 financial crisis are presented. Topics include trade-offs that cause regulation to be more or less efficient under partly specified conditions with attention given to financial disclosure, liquidity, and disclosure rules and enforcement before the crisis began.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Pulp and Paper Rebellion.
- Author
-
Kleinsorge, Paul L. and Kerby, William C.
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,PAPER industry workers ,LABOR unions - Abstract
Focuses on the rebellion against the pulp and paper industry union and the formation of the Association of Western Pulp and Paper Workers (AWPPW) in the United States. Background of the rebellion; Change in union acts; Causes of the rebellion; AWPPW struggle for survival after winning the representation election; First contract of the AWPPW; First constitutional convention.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. AFS Position Paper and Policy on Mining and Fossil Fuel Extraction.
- Author
-
Hughes, Robert M., Amezcua, Felipe, Chambers, David M., Daniel, Wesley M., Franks, James S., Franzin, William, MacDonald, Donald, Merriam, Eric, Neall, George, Santos Pompeu, Paulo, Reynolds, Lou, and Woody, Carol Ann
- Subjects
- *
MINING law , *FOSSIL fuels & the environment - Abstract
Following a four-year period of writing, member comment, and multiple revisions, the AFS Position Paper and Policy on Mining and Fossil Fuel Extraction was approved unanimously by the membership at the Society's annual business meeting August 19, 2015, in Portland, Oregon. The entire document can be read atfisheries.org/policy_statements; a brief summary follows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Jane Addams Papers: A Project in Scholarly Reconstruction.
- Author
-
Bryan, Mary Lynn McCree
- Subjects
NOBEL Prize winners ,HISTORICAL source material ,PEACE movements ,WOMEN & peace - Abstract
The article provides an overview of how the personal papers of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize winner Jane Addams were collected for the U.S. National Historical Publications and Records Commission's Jane Addams Papers Project. Microfilm editions of Addams' papers are noted such as the 82-reel microfilm edition of selected documents and "The Jane Addams Papers: A Comprehensive Guide." Information is given about how the national and international search for her papers was conducted. The topics in the Hull-House Association's microfilm edition are mentioned. The book "The Selected Papers of Jane Addams" is noted.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Impact of fruit feeding on overwintering survival of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, and the ability of this insect and paper wasps to injure wine grape berries.
- Author
-
Galvan, Tederson L., Koch, Robert L., and Hutchison, William D.
- Subjects
GRAPE diseases & pests ,BEETLES ,BIOLOGY experiments ,GRAPE products ,PAPER wasps ,HOST plants - Abstract
The establishment of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in North America has resulted in negative impacts on fruit production. We investigated the overwintering survival of H. axyridis after feeding on four diets: injured wine grape berries, 25% sucrose solution, water, and a control containing no food or water. After being exposed to these diets for 6 days, live individuals were transferred to clean plastic Petri dishes, and held at 5 ± 1 °C in growth chambers throughout the winter. Survival was recorded every month. Adult lady beetles collected during the overwintering flight in mid-October had higher survival rates than beetles collected from soybean fields in mid-August. These results suggest that an adaptation period prior to diapause increases the chances of lady beetle survival over the winter. In addition, injured wine grape berries, sugar, and water decreased beetle mortality during the overwintering months. Our results also showed that under similar conditions, females have higher survival during the winter than males. The importance of sugar and water on winter survival may drive H. axyridis adults to vineyards for feeding on wine grapes. Finally, we tested if adults of H. axyridis and the European paper wasp, Polistes dominulus Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), were able to break the grape skin. Harmonia axyridis adults and paper wasps were not able to cause the primary injury to berries of Frontenac grapes under laboratory conditions. These results suggest that control of paper wasps in vineyards may not affect H. axyridis aggregations, and that H. axyridis feeding on wine grapes depends on previous injury to grape berries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. CITATIONS AND INCENTIVES IN ACADEMIC CONTESTS.
- Author
-
Amegashie, J. Atsu
- Subjects
ECONOMISTS ,INCENTIVE awards ,DIRECT costing ,EUCLIDEAN geometry - Abstract
I consider a contest between scholars on the basis of three popular indices of citation. There exist equilibria in which there are more and better‐quality papers in the total citations contest than in the h‐index contest. In some cases, the total citations contest yields the same quality of papers but more papers than the Euclidean contest. As the cost of writing a paper increases,the h‐index is inferior to the total citations index in both the quality and quantity of papers. This result is partly driven by how the number of papers constrains how the h‐index counts citations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fingerprint Detection on Counterfeit US$ Banknotes: The Importance of Preliminary Paper Examination.
- Author
-
Azoury, Myriam, Cohen, Drorit, Himberg, Kimmo, Qvintus-Leino, Pia, Saari, Terhi, and Almog, Joseph
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN fingerprints , *BANK notes , *PAPER money , *COUNTERFEIT money - Abstract
Presents a case of fingerprint detection on counterfeit banknotes in the U.S. Means of processing latent fingerprints; Difference in surface free energy of the banknotes; Determination of common paper properties.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. An evaluation of assumptions underlying respondent‐driven sampling and the social contexts of sexual and gender minority youth participating in HIV clinical trials in the United States.
- Author
-
Wirtz, Andrea L., Iyer, Jessica R., Brooks, Durryle, Hailey‐Fair, Kimberly, Galai, Noya, Beyrer, Chris, Celentano, David, and Arrington‐Sanders, Renata
- Subjects
SEXUAL minorities ,SOCIAL context ,CLINICAL trials ,HIV ,ELECTRONIC paper - Abstract
Introduction: Respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) has been an effective sampling strategy for HIV research in many settings, but has had limited success among some youth in the United States. We evaluated a modified RDS approach for sampling Black and Latinx sexual and gender minority youth (BLSGMY) and explored how lived experiences and social contexts of BLSGMY youth may impact traditional RDS assumptions. Methods: RDS was implemented in three US cities, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Washington DC, to engage BLSGMY aged 15 to 24 years in HIV prevention or care intervention trials. RDS was modified to include targeted seed recruitment from venues, Internet and health clinics, and provided options for electronic or paper coupons. Qualitative interviews were conducted among a sub‐sample of RDS participants to explore their experiences with RDS. Interviews were coded using RDS assumptions as an analytic framework. Results: Between August 2017 and October 2019, 405 participants were enrolled, 1670 coupons were distributed, with 133 returned, yielding a 0.079 return rate. The maximum recruitment depth was four waves among seeds that propagated. Self‐reported median network size was 5 (IQR 2 to 10) and reduced to 3 (IQR 1 to 5) when asked how many peers were seen in the past 30 days. Qualitative interviews (n = 27) revealed that small social networks, peer trust and targeted referral of peers with certain characteristics challenged network, random recruitment, and reciprocity assumptions of RDS. HIV stigma and research hesitancy were barriers to participation and peer referral. Other situational factors, such as phone ownership and access to reliable transportation, reportedly created challenges for referred peers to participate in research. Conclusions: Small social networks and varying relationships with peers among BLSGMY challenge assumptions that underlie traditional RDS. Modified RDS approaches, including those that incorporate social media, may support recruitment for community‐based research but may challenge assumptions of reciprocal relationships. Research hesitancy and situational barriers are relevant and must be addressed across any sampling method and study design that includes BLSGMY in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. 'Reforms Looked Really Good on Paper': Rural Food Service Responses to the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010.
- Author
-
Cornish, Disa, Askelson, Natoshia, and Golembiewski, Elizabeth
- Subjects
- *
PREVENTION of childhood obesity , *SCHOOLS , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *NUTRITION policy , *CHANGE , *EMPLOYEE attitudes , *FOOD service , *INTERVIEWING , *MANAGEMENT , *MEDICAL cooperation , *NATURAL foods , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *RURAL conditions , *STUDENT health , *QUALITATIVE research , *THEMATIC analysis , *HUMAN services programs , *DATA analysis software , *MEDICAL coding , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LAW - Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 ( HHKA) required schools to make changes to meals provided to children. Rural school districts have limited resources, with increased obesity rates and local food insecurity. In this study we sought to understand the perceptions of rural food service directors and the barriers to implementing the changes. METHODS Food service directors from rural school districts were invited to complete a semistructured telephone interview and online survey. A total of 51 respondents completed both, 6 completed only the online survey, and 16 completed only the telephone interview. Qualitative interview data were analyzed through open thematic coding; descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data. RESULTS Food service directors mostly perceived the changes as negative, challenging, and burdensome. They believed that the changes resulted from concern about childhood obesity, which they did not view as a problem for their students. Diverse challenges were reported related to cost, preparation, and student preference. CONCLUSIONS Food service directors in isolated, rural areas need support to enhance understanding of HHKA requirements, build professional networks to learn from one another, and communicate with students, families, and other stakeholders. Future efforts should focus on changing perceptions and supporting directors in order to make implementation a success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.