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The study aims to understand the foremost challenges in the transition to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study adopts the PRISMA approach to screening the selection of journal articles and review papers according to the research aims and the inclusion criteria. The journal articles and review papers were extracted and stored in Microsoft Excel and Google Scholar, Academic. Microsoft, Semantic Scholar, Elsevier, and Emerald Insight databases searched relevant documents using formulated keywords. A statistical technique was applied using the M.S. Excel analysis tool (PivotTable and an independent t-Test) to analyze data and determine the differences between teachers and students. The review revealed the evidence that the majority of the studies were primarily focused on the individual developing countries and results from other developing countries were not considered. In addition, the foremost challenges in the transition to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic were inadequate skills and training, inadequate Internet/Infrastructure, lack of supporting resources and lack of online student engagement and feedback. Finally, the independent t-test reveals there is no statistically significant difference in challenges in the transition to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both teachers and students encounter similar challenges. The systematic review raised concerns that higher learning needs to effectively implement long term strategies and support teachers and students in getting into online teaching and learning.

This article maps the scientific production and the contents associated with the sustainable development goals and their integration with universities during the past 21 years. Although many of the topics related to sustainable development goals (SDGs) have been addressed in different studies for decades, it is since 2015 onwards that they gained greater prominence due to the inclusion of higher education as an important actor in the fulfillment of the 2030 agenda and the United Nations SDGs. For the purpose of this paper, a bibliometric analysis of 871 papers, 535 documents in Scopus, and 336 in Web of Science (WoS) from 1998 to 2019 was performed, and the Bibliometrix analysis tool was used. The objective of this mapping is to answer the following research question: Is the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals and Universities a field of study? An analysis of the network of collaborators and trend topics in Scopus and WoS allows us to identify the concurrence and relationships of some keywords, such as sustainable development, sustainability and planning, and some background words, such as humans and global health. In another analysis, the word "higher education" is related to change. This article suggests that the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals in Universities is becoming a field of study under exploration, with a peak of production in 2016 and that has remained stable in the last three years, but thanks to the leading role assigned to Universities, intellectual production should increase in the following years.

The fattening of sheep has been recognized as a potentially profitable activity in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, feed shortage and increasing prices for conventional feed ingredients and commercially formulated concentrate mixtures critically affect the fattening practice of sheep in the country. So, this feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding field pea hull at different inclusion levels with a concentrate mixture on feed intakes, nutrient utilization, linear body measurements, and body weight gain. Eighteen yearling ram lambs were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were T1 (control), fed native hay adlibitum + concentrate mixture formulated using only conventional feed ingredients (0% field pea hull); T2 and T3 were fed native hay adlibitum + concentrate mixture formulated with inclusion of 35% field pea hull and 50% field pea hull, respectively along with other feed ingredients. The feeding trial was conducted for 90 days. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS, and Turkey’s HSD multiple-comparison was used for means separation. The result showed a significant (p<0.001) variation in dry matter and nutrient intake among treatments. The DMI was the highest in T3, followed by T2, while it was the lowest in T1. The average total neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber intakes and metabolizable energy intake were highest in T3 and followed by T2, while they were the lowest in T1. The average total body weight gain (kg) was higher in T3 (9.0kg) and T2 (8.67kg) than in T1 (6.58kg). Similarly, higher average daily body weight gains were recorded in T3 (100g) and T2 (96.3g) than in T1 (73.2g). Sheep that were fed field pea hull by the inclusion of 50 % in concentrate mixtures (T3) were more efficient in feed utilization (p<0.05) than T1 as they consumed significantly less amount of feed per 1 g of body weight gain. Hence, it is concluded that feeding of 50% field pea hull along with concentrate mixture could be used for better fattening performance of sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushroom is a fungus growing on decomposing substrates. It is the substrate type that affects the yield and quality of oyster mushroom. It can be cultivated by landless people to alleviate poverty. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom in waste leaves and sawdust. Spawn were purchased from YB Plant Micropropagation Plc; Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Euclea racemosa waste leaves, Cordia africana waste leaves, and sawdust were prepared and inoculated with the spawn. Cotton husks were used as a control. 60 grams of spawn was used for 1000 g of each substrate and supplemented with 3% wheat bran and 1% gypsum. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A one-way ANOVA model was used to indicate significant mean differences at 95% confidence interval between flushes. Treatment means were compared using Turkey's t test. In the first flush, primordial initiation was fastest and took 6.33 days in Cordia africana waste leaves and provide higher (166 ± 48.49, 131.6 ± 32.71, 49.66 ± 15.53 gram) mean yield and BE (16.6 ± 4.84, 13.16 ± 3.27, 4.96 ± 5.5%) in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd flushes, respectively. However, in the 2nd and 3rd flushes, a lower (24.66 ± 4.61, 14.66 ± 0.57 gram) mean yield was recorded in Euclea racemosa waste leaves. Higher (10.63 ± 1.00, 7.83 ± 3.92, 6.56 ± 2.26 cm) mean pileus diameter and pileus thickness (8.3 ± 1.47, 7.76 ± 1.32, 4.10 ± 0.85 mm) were noted in sawdust in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd flushes, respectively. This study confirmed that the waste leaves of Cordia africana and Euclea racemosa could be used as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of oyster mushroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Experience of certain material deprivation pattern varies significantly across the world. • Children from Europe have almost no likelihood of belonging to the Extreme Deprivation class. • Children living in MENA are more likely to experience housing and mobile deprivation. • Children living in Africa are more likely to experience lack of access to digital resources in addition to deficit of basic necessities. • Children living in Eastern Europe are more likely to experience transportation deprivation. Current research suggests that poverty affects children at different rates across the world (OECD, 2018; Unicef Innocenti Research Center, 2007). Additionally, poverty affects children differently – from deprivation of basic needs (ex. lack of food, clothing) to lack of access to digital technology. Previous studies of child poverty and its impact on children have predominantly approached this topic using income-based measures of poverty. This paper employs a material deprivation approach to study child poverty in different cultural contexts. Therefore, this study answers the following questions: Does child material deprivation have different patterns across world regions? If so, what characteristics do these patterns of material deprivation have? Are these patterns of material deprivation more likely to affect certain world regions? This paper utilizes data from the International Survey of Child Well-Being. The data includes children at the age of 12 from Norway, Germany, England, Spain, Malta, Estonia, Romania, Algeria, Israel, Turkey, Ethiopia, and South Africa. The analyses were based on the items available in the Child Material Resource Index. Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were utilized to explore patterns of material deprivation. Findings suggest five patterns of child material deprivation, ranging from extreme to no deprivation. The distribution of these patterns varies significantly across world regions. This study suggests that the distribution of resources to eliminate poverty should be based not only on income-based indicators but should also include an assessment based on perceived deprivation scales, especially in international contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and technological developments today affect Turkey as well as all countries of the world. Adapting to such rapid changes require concentrated efforts. In order to adapt to all of the current global changes, the universities are in the first place to evoke change. Quality universities are the converters of the nations in exchange. Therefore, understanding and attempting to improve student satisfaction through provision of quality service is critical to educational institutions. Objectives: The purpose of this study was measuring overhaul quality and its collision on life satisfaction among learners with manifold disabilities in higher institutions of Ethiopia. Methods: The participants were selected by using proportional stratified sampling method. Information was generated through Overhaul Quality Scale from 117 students with disabilities from 3 higher institutions; Woldia, Wollo and Gonder University. Expressive and inferential statistics mainly, percentage, mean, frequency distribution, multiple regression and Analysis of Variance were employed to scrutinize data. Results: The finding shows, the overall mean score of participants for overhaul quality Scale was near to the ground i.e. 2.46 compared to the hypothetical mean score -3 indicating overhaul quality drawbacks. On the other hand, frequency distribution of scores indicated that, while the bulk of participants N=88 (75.3%) rated overhaul quality as low, still one fourth of participants N=29 rated higher. One-way ANOVA results indicated that, a statistically significant overhaul quality mean score difference existed between groups of background variables like location of university, type of disability, GPA and program of study. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant overhaul quality mean score difference between groups of background variables like gender, year of study and field of study. Pearson Correlation Coefficient revealed that, there was a statistically significant correlation between Overall Satisfaction and overhaul quality r = 0.633, n = 233, p = 0.000. Regression analysis revealed that, overhaul quality dimensions explained 47% of the variance in the overall student satisfaction. Analysis of Beta value indicated, responsiveness dimension made the first strongest statistically significant contribution in explaining the criterion. Conclusion: A strong optimistic relationship exist between overhaul quality and Overall Satisfaction indicating an improvement in overhaul quality would lead to student satisfaction ultimately leading to increased motivation and academic achievement. Therefore, Universities should see their students as customers and should work aggressively to improve their overhaul quality so as to boost customer satisfaction and remain competitive by being primary choice of their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yield of garlic is often constrained by low and unbalanced nutrient supply in the soil. This study was conducted to assess the effect of application of vermicompost (VC) and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer on growth and bulb yield of a garlic variety named 'Chelenko I' The experiment was conducted during the 2016 main rainy season. The experiment was laid out as a randomized block designed in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times per treatment. The treatments consisted of four rates of vermicompost (VC) (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t ha-1), and five rates of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0, 52.5, 80, 105 and 130 kg N ha-1. Data were collected on days to maturity, plant height, leaf number, yield components, namely, bulb length and clove weight, and marketable and unmarketable bulb yield of garlic. The data were analyzed and computed using SAS software version 9.0 and the means were separated by using Turkey's Test at 0.05 probably level. The results revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences in early maturity (130.48 days) at control treatment (zero fertilizers) while late maturity (135.50 days) was at application of 7.5 t ha-1 of VC. Significantly (P < 0.05) maximum plant height (60.65 cm), clove weight (2.71 g/clove), and marketable bulb yield (12.32 t ha-1) were recorded at the rate of 7.5 t ha-1 of VC. Due to combined application of VC (7.5 t ha-1) and mineral N fertilizer (130 kg ha-1) unmarketable bulb yield was reduced by 41.03% over the control treatment. The highest net benefit was recorded from the maximum marketable bulb yield of garlic at the application of 7.5 t ha-1 of VC and 130 kg N ha-1. Thus, it is concluded that combined application of vermicompost and mineral nitrogen fertilizer resulted in optimum production of the crop in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest of governments, international organizations, NGOs and the general public has recently been aroused by studies considering the use of existing agricultural technology, the use of innovations in such technology and the production of agricultural goods. The attention received by such studies has grown as a result of an unprecedented wave of trade liberalization in the world (involving bilateral, regional and multilateral trade-integration processes), coupled with concerns over food security, high rates of population growth and the use of limited and frequently degraded natural resources. In this context, the Malmquist Index, used to measure agricultural productivity, is a powerful tool, providing insights into whether or not a country is approaching what may be termed 'best practice' by using and disseminating existing technology (efficiency change), and/or by innovating technology (technical change). Using the Malmquist Index on a sample of 12 countries within West Asia and North Africa (WANA) indicated that, between 1961 and 1997, Turkey, Tunisia, Syria and Algeria (in that order) were the 'most productive' countries. Following them, in terms of agricultural productivity, were Iran, Egypt, Jordan and Morocco, while Pakistan, Sudan, Yemen and Ethiopia were the 'least productive' countries of the 12 considered. Recurring negative results, with respect to both technical change and efficiency change, in Ethiopia, Sudan, Pakistan and Yemen, suggest that governments and national and international organizations and research institutions should make greater efforts to strengthen agricultural research and extension services if food security and competitiveness are to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. and U.K. models of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are relatively well defined. As the phenomenon of CSR establishes itself more globally, the question arises as to the nature of CSR in other countries. Is a universal model of CSR applicable across countries or is CSR specific to country context? This article uses integrative social contracts theory (ISCT) and four institutional factors – firm ownership structure, corporate governance, openness of the economy to international investment, and the role of civil society – to examine CSR in Singapore, Turkey, and Ethiopia. Field research results illustrate variation across the institutional factors and suggest that CSR is responsive to country differences. Research findings have implications for consideration of the tradeoff between global and local CSR priorities and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]