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This paper focuses on the contribution of Asghar Ali Engineer’s services, views and his methodology of liberation and emancipation of human beings from unreasonable shackles of religious restraints through dialogue, as the best method for liberation from all sorts of sufferings and troubles, with the references to modern Quranic exegesis and the traditions of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He contributed in praxis for the settlement of socio-religious and communal issues and had the vision to reduce the disputes and differences of such clashes through dialogue. He argues that the Quran condemns the superiority of one’s race and faith, and it determines to liberate people from injustice, oppression, and inequality. He concludes that the message of the Quran is, first, to liberate people from suffering, and second to build the good relations with other people of faiths. The Quran, according to Engineer, suggests that there is no compulsion in religion, he openly invites for dialogue to understand and respect each other to build communal, cultural and religious harmony and peaceful coexistence.

The teachings of Holy Prophet (PBUH) are not merely limited to the era of Prophet (PBUH) himself but they carry the weight as are the universal ones of all ages till the day of Judgment. Holy Prophet (PBUH) eradicated group, territorial, caste, creed, color and ethnic based differences and invoked a spirit of mutual brotherhood among his followers. He proclaimed individual self-respect for all mankind and set its principles to be practiced in society. He abolished material arrogance and pride and made “Practice” as the standard of human superiority. He also taught for social co-existence, tolerance and mutual harmony. It will only be possible if the social crimes like human hate, sectarian hate and hate like era of ignorance based, is evacuated. Intolerance is the tragedy of our society where an individual becomes arrested in his own fabricated ethnic, tribal, color and creed based boundary. He ignores all other ones beyond his own fabricated boundary. The present research paper will highlight the intolerance, causes, national and international trend and the teaching of Holy Prophet (PBUH) regarding this very issue. Keyword: Intolerance, Brotherhood, Social Ethics, Sirah Study, Standard of Human Superiority, Human Hate, Sectarian Hate.

Dialogue is the only way that can be a good tool for making less and cease the conflict and tension among the groups. It is the channel for clearing the misconceptions, slanders, and acquisitions from both sides. This paper will investigate the roots or the sources of dialogue, theologically and historically in Islamic traditions, especially the prospects of Islamic paradigms of interfaith dialogue in the light of Quran and Sunnah with references to the Quranic verses and the traditions of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in brief. Additionally, this study will also propose a potential and positive contribution to continue the dialogue in religious and cultural perspectives as it is the best way to minimize the tension among the masses of different faith and culture. It will also suggest that Muslims should take initiatives in the best interest of religious peace and harmony. Muslims should learn the lesson from the life of the prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his treatment to other people of faith in the best manner. The life of the prophet was the best and the living example that was compatible with the verses of the Quran that clearly direct and address the believers to interact with others and have good relations with mutual understanding.

Orientalism has become one of the important research study areas in recent time in the research centers and universities of Muslim Countries. Orientalists have contributed a lot about Islāmic Studies and different Islāmic Sciences so they are being read, quoted and critically analyzed by the Muslim scholarship. They have written about the legal tradition of Islam, its development, evolution, and history. According to some well-known Orientalists like Joseph Schacht, Charles Torrey and Bernard Lewis, the Islamic fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) developed its foundations by borrowing legal material from the Jewish legal tradition and system. In this regard, they have pointed out some areas which according to them strengthen their viewpoint of borrowed legal system. In this article, Orientalists’ viewpoint about the Jewish foundation of Islāmic Fiqh has been critically assessed and their claim that the Islamic Fiqh has borrowed its legal material from Jewish legal tradition has been refuted.

This paper will review historically and comparatively the process of conservation through collection and arrangement of two major religious books, the Holy Quran and the Veda. Both are considered as sacred books for the followers of respective faiths, i.e. Islam and Hinduism. Muslims believe that the holy Quran is the more often read book in the world as compared to other religious scriptures. It is firmly believed by the Muslims that the Holy Quran is the literal word of Allah, the Almighty, revealed down to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) in Arabic language through the Angel Gabriel in different ways fourteen centuries ago and is believed to be unchanged since then. The process of collection and compilation of the Quran underwent different periods and stages. Similarly, the Veda, the holy book of Hinduism, was collected and compiled after many years of its verbal memorization. It is divided into four major portions. Due to being among the very ancient religious literatures of the world, the Veda, unlike Quran, faces the challenge of being original and free of alteration & amendments in the historical process of collection and compilation. This comparative study will focus on the collection, compilation and the sequence of both scriptures in an unbiased way to make clear the similarities and differences between these two religious books. The method of this research is historical and comparative analysis. This research will indicate that the process of collection of the Quran was made in very organized way while the Veda had an uncertain record of collection and compilation. This study will reveal that there is a significant difference between the Quran & Veda in terms of originality and authenticity due to the difference of process of their preservation. Further research should be done on this subject to get the best results from the comparison of these two books and for this it is necessary to try to know more about the history of Vedas.

The need to revive the Islamic viewpoint on modern issues has intensified due to major economic, social, and state structural changes. It is a big challenge for Muslim jurists & reformists/revivalists to make important issues concordant with both the teachings of the Shariah & the demands of the modern age. Some examples of these issues include family laws and women working, the issue of half compensation for women in case of murder, solving the issue of women travelling without blood relative (Muharram) while keeping in mind the modern means of transport. The issues related to non-Muslims like acceptance of their witness, equality of Muslim & non-Muslim citizens in political & social affairs. Protection of rights of Muslims living in non-Muslim countries and finding solution of problems they face. Political issues including electoral method, structures of governments. General social issues e.g. legal position and restrictions of family planning. Economic issues like interest-free banking, leasing, and devaluation of currency as a result of inflation. Medical issues like donation & transplantation of organs, cloning etc. Beyond these, there are several judicial & legal issues which need to be reviewed collectively through Ijtihad (the Islamic mechanism of solving problems of every age with deep thought & consideration). Some Muslim scholars have presented their opinion about these issues. We have presented in this paper the views of some of these modern Muslim scholars/thinkers like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allamah Muhammad Iqbal and Jamaluddin Afghani. These three were the progressive, moderate and reformist figures of subcontinent who played a significant role in the awakening of Muslim Ummah.

There have been many scholars in every age of Islamic history who devoted their lives for the propagation of Islam. They accepted the challenges of their time and defended Islam very well by presenting the true teachings of Islam. We know many of these scholars and their works but there are still some whose works are kept within private libraries. Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thatwi is one of these scholars who left a vast treasure of writings about various subjects of Islamic sciences. However, he is not known to the academic world to the extent he deserves. He was born in Thatta in 1104/1692 and was contemporaneous with Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi (1703-1762 A.D). In this article, we introduce Sheikh al-Thatwi and explore his academic stature by discussing services rendered by him, especially towards the Quran and Hadith which are the two basic pillars of Islamic Ideology. Only his services towards Quran & Hadith have been focused on within this article because his work was diverse and cannot be completely discussed in one article. The purpose of the study was to highlight his legacy and draw the attention of scholars to the hidden treasure left by him in the form of books. It was concluded that Sheikh al-Thatwi was a great scholar who defended Islam against the threats of his time, removed misconceptions about Islam and presented true teachings of Islam. This paper shows that his strenuous work for both the Quran & Hadith is simply unique and unprecedented.

In the history of the social evolution of humans, many divine and secular ideologies have been introduced. Every nation designed principles for their social needs according to their own circumstances. As societies grew with the passage of time, different kinds of needs and problems started arising. To solve these problems, new laws and constitutions were made but the purpose behind those secular laws was always to accomplish personal objectives and wishes therefore leaving no code of conduct for collective and national objectives. Violation of human rights, injustice and corruption reached to such an extent that it resulted into two terrible world wars. These two wars forced humans to think about making laws for the protection of basic human rights. As a result, the United Nations Organization was established in 1941 through the San Francisco Charter after the Washington-Moscow negotiations. The U.N.O general assembly approved a charter named Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the 10th of December 1948, on the basis of which every year on the same date a day of human rights is celebrated in every country.The concept of basic human rights, which the Western nations only knew one century ago, was infact introduced by Islam 14 centuries ago. This article proves this fact with authentic arguments on the basis of a comparative study of the laws of basic human rights made by Europeans and laws introduced by Islam. Islam is a social religion that also conforms with the nature of humans and its’ laws are valid and practicable until the end of time. Humans will surely be blessed in this world an in the hereafter if they adopt the laws of Islam individually or collectively.

Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi was a great scholar of the seventeenth century belonging to the Thatta city of Sindh. Thatta was the capital of Sindh at that time and was famous for its abundance of high quality Islamic institutions which produced great scholars. He wrote one hundred and sixty books in Arabic, Persian and Sindhi on all disciplines of Islamic sciences such as Quranic Exegesis, Prophetic Traditions, Islamic Jurisprudence, Arabic literature, and Islamic History etc. However, unfortunately many of his books have vanished and most of those which have survived down to us are in handwritten form. Bayaz-e-Hashmi is the most comprehensive of all his books and is probably the last one as well. It is on the subject of Fatawa. Due to it being in handwritten form, people are unaware of its existence and cannot benefit from it. Through this article we have tried to introduce this hidden scholarly work of Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi to the academic world to provide some opportunity for publication so that it becomes available for researchers and scholars to benefit from. DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.4479497 Link: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4479497.v4

Voting is can be defined as: A formal expression of opinion or choice, either positive or negative, made by an individual or Body of individuals or collective expression of will as inferred from a number of votes, or to express or signify will or choice in a matter, as by casting a ballot.Any modern government is chosen by voting in an election by choosing, among several candidates for rule. A vote is a formal expression of an individual's choice. Voting is the method by which the electorates directly make decisions and electorate appoints its representatives in the government. In modern states of today’s world the every citizen of the country has to cast vote in the election, either for National Assembly, Provincial Assembly and B.D election. After the voting successful candidate obtaining highest No. of votes is elected. According to Islamic Law voting is a kind of oath. To lie under oath is also Haraam. The point of Shariah is presented in this article.