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The refutation of Orientalist thoughts has been a subject of critical importance within scholarly discourse, particularly in the context of defending the integrity of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and addressing the false acusations and allegations put forth by Orientalists. Notable work and efforts in this regard have been done by scholars from different Muslim countries, including Egypt, Syria, Sudan, Algeria, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabian scholars have made significant contributions at the individual level to this endeavor. Through numerous means, such as authoring and publishing books, producing research articles, delivering lectures, engaging in debates, and establishing specialized institutions, Saudi Arabian scholars have actively participated in the critique and rebuttal of Orientalist narratives. Central to the investigation is an in-depth analysis of the scholarly initiatives undertaken by Saudi Arabian academics in the defense of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) against Orientalist perspectives. The paper meticulously examines the diverse mechanisms employed by Saudi scholars to interrogate and refute Orientalist contentions, providing a nuanced understanding of their intellectual interventions. Furthermore, this research paper furnishes an exhaustive catalog of books authored by Saudi scholars and research articles penned by them, offering a comprehensive overview of their scholarly output. By meticulously documenting these scholarly contributions, this paper aims to enrich the academic discourse surrounding the critique of Orientalist thought and the defense of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) within the Saudi Arabian intellectual landscape.

Binary thinking is a way of understanding the world around. It is used to oversimplify the complex situations and reality. Dichotomous way of thinking usually uses an innate hierarchy of the tow objects or situations it makes binary of Urdu Novel since its inception used binary opposites to foreground the characters it likes or dislikes. In this article Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used as a method to underscore the binary thinking in Urdu Novel. The article maps the social conditions of discourse and shows how these conditions were determining the discourse of Urdu Novel. Urdu Novel made many binaries of characters, social categories and race etc. Only two binaries, i.e. same gender and race are analyzed here.

Translation is not limited to the transfer of linguistic vocabulary from the original language to another language. Translation cannot be considered merely a process in which linguistic vocabulary in each language is replaced by similar vocabulary in another language because the exact translation requires importance to the culture of the target language. The translator should investigate the lexical content as well as grammatical structures related to the target language, as well as the different doctrines, value systems and traditions that characterize the pre-translation culture. Translation requires attention to basic cultural elements such as the translators' knowledge of the customs and traditions of a people's culture, the verification of the suggestive significance of a product name in a foreign language before it is adopted for the possibility of different meanings of the same language singularity in different languages, careful and careful dealing with comical and comic aspects, The use of grammar, punctuation, and lexicon by influencing the language that we are dealing with, as well as cultural factors such as images, symbols and colors. In the words of the phrase, the competent translator must be fully aware of the culture of the language of origin as well as the target language along with the ability to language aspects. The research’s methodology here is divided between theory and practice. In the first half of the research, the cultural elements that must be considered in the translation process are identified. In the second half, the practical form is mentioned in the Arabic proverbs in Urdu. This article will examine the cultural elements in the process of translation and translation of proverbs to Urdu as a model, and it is divided into a preface and two sub- chapters and conclusion. The introduction addresses the definition of the importance of the translation process and its benefits, and the 1st sub- chapter consists the most cultural elements, and the second chapter deals with the translation of the Arabic proverbs to Urdu Model, and the conclusion comes with the most important recommendations and proposals.

Binary thinking is a way of understanding the world around. It is used to oversimplify the complex situations and reality. Dichotomous way of thinking usually uses an innate hierarchy of the tow objects or situations it makes binary of Urdu Novel since its inception used binary opposites to foreground the characters it likes or dislikes. In this article Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used as a method to underscore the binary thinking in Urdu Novel. The article maps the social conditions of discourse and shows how these conditions were determining the discourse of Urdu Novel. Urdu Novel made many binaries of characters, social categories and race etc. Only two binaries, i.e. same gender and race are analyzed here.

This research has carried out to elaborate a comparative study regarding the permissibility of women witnesses in the original sources of the captioned Divine Religions, its authenticity, and use in various transactions. Judiciary is the milestone of peace alive in society while the witness is the backbone of every judicial system. Without witnesses never justice could be done nor can any right be proved or protected in the court of law. This article has defined evidence, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam respectively. Then permissibility, strength, originality, and qualifications of women witnesses in the original texts of these religions thoroughly. In the end the status of witness in those matters which are related to them comparatively. The social and legal status of women in cited religions is admissible but still, some critics mistrust that either her evidence is half to men or they have less status, low or no value regarding evidence in the court of law. So it is an esteem need of the day to understand the permissibility of the women's witnesses in the light of original texts and to avoid misdeems over it. What would be the weightage of her witness in various transactions related to them? Inductive and qualitative methods have been adopted. Access to original sources of the three religions has been acquired, data collected, scrutinized, elaborated and trinal compared. The women's witness plays a pivotal role in all evidential proceedings. It is unanimously admissible in women-related matters. It has been proved from original sources of trinal religion like Torah, Gospel, and the Holy Quran. A witness is a person who testifies what he has seen of a matter or an event.

Translation is not limited to the transfer of linguistic vocabulary from the original language to another language. Translation cannot be considered merely a process in which linguistic vocabulary in each language is replaced by similar vocabulary in another language because the exact translation requires importance to the culture of the target language. The translator should investigate the lexical content as well as grammatical structures related to the target language, as well as the different doctrines, value systems and traditions that characterize the pre-translation culture. Translation requires attention to basic cultural elements such as the translators' knowledge of the customs and traditions of a people's culture, the verification of the suggestive significance of a product name in a foreign language before it is adopted for the possibility of different meanings of the same language singularity in different languages, careful and careful dealing with comical and comic aspects, The use of grammar, punctuation, and lexicon by influencing the language that we are dealing with, as well as cultural factors such as images, symbols and colors. In the words of the phrase, the competent translator must be fully aware of the culture of the language of origin as well as the target language along with the ability to language aspects. The research’s methodology here is divided between theory and practice. In the first half of the research, the cultural elements that must be considered in the translation process are identified. In the second half, the practical form is mentioned in the Arabic proverbs in Urdu. This article will examine the cultural elements in the process of translation and translation of proverbs to Urdu as a model, and it is divided into a preface and two sub- chapters and conclusion. The introduction addresses the definition of the importance of the translation process and its benefits, and the 1st sub- chapter consists the most cultural elements, and the second chapter deals with the translation of the Arabic proverbs to Urdu Model, and the conclusion comes with the most important recommendations and proposals.

In term of agriculture and contemporary knowledge Baluchistan province is barren but as far as religious concerned it is gateway of Islam. Many companions of Prophet (SAW) are buried here still this province is fertile in respect of producing religious scholars. However, it is fact that due to lack of resources many books of religious scholars couldn’t publish. Many writers’ books are uncountable and mostly books are being read and utilized in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India and many other countries of the world. But these people either prevent themselves from fame or being ignored by media due to lake of religious knowledge. One of these then tic researchers Molana Qazi Naseebullah he belong to Hanafi Sect. He is born in union council Ajram district Pashin in 1968.He studied in different seminaries of Baluchistan and Sindh and completed his education in 1993.After completion of education he started teaching. In his 26 years of teaching he wrote many magnificent books which are prominent work on Hanfi, jurisprudence.He wrote six books up till now.Students of Seminaries read his books and shared with each other’s.Hopefully he would set more milestones in respect of Hanfi sect.I am going to write an analytaical report on his services in fiqa hanfi jurisprudence.

"Mian Muhammadi (son of Hazrat Mian Umer) was a great sufi saint and Islamic scholar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan in 19th century and born in a well known village “Chamkani” of district Peshawar. He was a multi dimensional personality of his time being a saint respectful to the all sects of Muslims, as a poet of Arabic and Pashto, and a scholar having a systematic program for publication of the books. He has authored a number of books in various fields of Islamic Studies and Shariah adopting a unique methodology in writing. He, the Mian Muhammadi, has spent his whole life in quenching the spiritual thirst of the local Muslim of that era on one hand, and spreading the knowledge on other hand. In the present paper, personal life, services as well as academic effects of this great saint have been discussed scholarly in order to bring forth his life sketch and contributions before the scholars."

In case of solving the issues based upon the human necessities and expedients with reference to clear analogy or common rules, when such type of results appear which do not correspond with the universally accepted purposes of Sharia‘h due to the variety of occasions, consecutive new necessities and change of language and place so in this condition, leaving the common rules, the way which is adopted in the light of the Sharia‘h arguments to act upon these purposes, is called Istiḥsān (juristic preference).That in this way, under the purpose of Sharia‘h new order is declared Ḥasan or Mustaḥsan. So that the welfare may increase and Injuriousness may be thrown away. So that this command may become harmonious to divine wisdom. In this way, to search the purposes of Sharia‘h on the basis of the Sharia‘h arguments (The Holy Qur’ ān, Sunnah, Ijmā‘, Qiyās, Necessity, Expedient and Ūrf) is called Istiḥsān instead of following apparent words and shapes of the sources of Sharia‘h(The Holy Qur’ān, Sunnah, Ijmā‘, Qiyās). Istiḥsān searches the way to stabilize the justice in news circumstances and it encourages the flexibility and justice in law and judicial process. It finishes the gap between the law and social realities. Moreover it carries the mention worthy capability regarding the reformation and renewal of the law. There are seven types and some principles of Istiḥsān, which guide us towards the extraction of commands through Istiḥsān. Istiḥsān can only work when it is according to the principles stated by the scholars. The study is an effort to throw light on Istiḥsān, and its usage in different schools of Islamic Jurisprudence.

Colonial predicament made the life and its understanding complex in the Subcontinent. To represent this complexity, Urdu writers found the polyphonic genre, i.e. the novel helpful. They used different techniques of characterization to narrate the social hierarchy of characters. The novel also provided the space for them to attract the people with encapsulating the residual sensibility of conventional love of Urdu poetry and at the same time launch their ideas of reform to accommodate the changing world. This article presents an analysis of Sharar's Dilchasp and argues that he used the novelistic genre to represent his hierarchized social milieu, cultural norms and reformative agenda.

Most Islamic religious pioneers acknowledge organ transplantation from living donor (if they don’t hurt the contributor) and after death to spare life. Most religious scholars don’t recognize cerebral passing like a foundation as well as reflect on the discontinuance of all life indications, comprising heart musicality as a precondition for proclaiming demise. Regardless of this Islamic religious position, Muslims regularly have questions about whether the Islamic custom considers organ transplantation restricted. This instability comes from the equivocalness caused by clashing perspectives among some Islamic pioneers on this issue. What’s more, the absence of help with a by and large negative disposition towards transplantation has been reflected in the studies of different Islamic populace. This general disregard of organ transplantation has brought about a low rate of cooperation in organ transplantation by rehearsing Muslims, even in situations where the donation would be viewed as satisfactory by religious scholars. In Islam, the acceptability of organ donation and transplantation is not particularly specified in the fundamental wellsprings of reference, to be specific the Qur’ān and the Ḥadīth. In reality, organ donation and transplantation are present day advancements in medical science. The perspectives of Islamic researchers on organ transplantation are ijtihādī in nature, which implies that Ijtihād (legal elucidation) depends on Islamic lawful proverbs (Qawā’id Al-Fiqhiyyah). Fundamentally, organ donation and transplantation are permitted in Islam. To be sure, reacting to organ transplantation and providing for the prerequisite to protect human life, this is one of five Objectives of Islamic Law (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʻah).

Identity is a construction, which is articulated in cultural process and daily social interaction. Literature presents and takes part in this process. In the novel different techniques of characterization are used in determining the identity of characters. It is usually determined in a binary opposition. It is fluid in nature and always seeks an "other" to achieve a shape. In this article the multi-faceted Muslim identity formation in Nazir Ahmad's IbnulWaqt is underscored. It is argued that the essentiality of identity is blurred in daily social interaction. While painting a character, novelist used oppositional vis-à-vis common qualities of other characters to shape its identity.

Methodical codification of “Gharib ul Hadith” books started during second century. Abu Ubaida Mua‘mmar bin Muthanna, an Iraqi scholar, pioneered the field. Afterwards numerous scholars have written books on “Gharib ul Hadith” but they followed different methodologies for their compositions. Some of them have written Hadith's disorderly, and then explained all Gharib words appearing in the Hadith. This method appears in most part of their writings. Some of the scholars have observed jurisprudential method for their creations. Others followed methodology of explaining Gharib words by organizing Hadith's; first from Prophet Muhammad, then from sahabas (companions of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w), and finally from Taba’een (immediate followers). However, some sorted Hadith in alphabetical order. This research article presented a detailed analytical review of different methodologies adopted in famous “Gharib ul Hadith” Books.

Pakistani society is facing massive challenges of religious extremism and terrorism in the country. It is observed that the extremism has penetrated in the educational institutions as well. The government has devised a policy to use education as a source to challenge religious extremism and ideologically motivated violence at the campuses in post 9/11 context. This paper aims to investigate the perceptions of university students about the role of curricula and instructions in reducing the challenge of religious extremism and terrorism at the campuses. Quantitative research design was followed to execute the inquiry. 3875 students selected from the 16 public and private sector universities of the country were included in the sample. A self-developed close ended questionnaire comprising 58 items was used to collect data. The information was collected on 5 point Likert type scale. Focus of the data collection was on examining the awareness of the research participants about proliferating religious extremism, violence and its causes in Pakistani context. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques. Findings of the inquiry demonstrate that students are aware of the issue and its causes in but they do not widely support the idea that our universities have potential to intellectually combat the terrorism. Revision in the curricula and teachers training process shifting its direction toward more liberal and democratic education system was recommended as outcome of the inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islam is the Deen that fits to the man's nature. Allah Almighty sent his various messengers to convey His Commandments to the mankind. For final Commandments, Allah Almighty sent Prophet Muhammad (SWA).He also introduced His personality as a explanatory status in Quran, This act has been mentioned on several occasion in Holy Quran which is fully agreed by the whole Ummāh. For this, Holy Quran and Hadīth share the same importance for the guidance of Muslims. The companions of Rasool (SAW), Tabi’ in, Tabi al- Tabi’in and Muhdseen tried their level best to collect and do rearrangement of the Hadith., According to their potential, Muhadseen compiled the collection of Hadīth at different places during different time periods. This collection of Hadīth is known as Sihah, Sitta in Islamic history. With the passage of time, there are so many controversial personalities who tried to damage the importance of this Islamic castle. Moreover, some personalities came there who didn’t have the command on Hadīth and its sciences. They even brought their own changes in this regard. Among such names, Sheikh Abū 'Abd Rahman Nāsir al Dīn Albānī is the one, who challenged the authenticity of Sihah, Sitta and other books of Hadith such as al Adab al Mufrād , Al Targheb wa Terhaib etc. Sheikh al Albānī divided the Adab al Mufrad into Sahīh and Da’īf Al-Adab al Mufrad. He did Takhrīj of ahadīth relying on his own books and sayings for argumentation, I have founded some tāsamh:āat and some mistakes during the Takhrīj the ahadīth of Da’īf Al-Adab al Mufrad.

Higher education for women is one of the major issues in Pakistan especially in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Most of the girls quit their education at higher secondary or intermediate level, which is a negative sign both for productivity and financial system of our society. Higher education not only increases critical and rational thinking, general knowledge, ways of living, financial status of a family but also common sense. The need of higher education is more for women as they are responsible for the bringing-up of a family; unfortunately, the ratio of the higher education among women in Peshawar is decreasing, which is the point of discussion in this study. This research made an attempt to consider the possible reasons behind the issues related to the women’s higher education in Peshawar. Data was collected through Questionnaire and further analyzed by employing ANOVA. The results revealed that there are different social and cultural issues due to which higher education of women in Peshawar is not promoted; however, the increase in the enrolment of the female students has witnessed an increase. Government may make extra efforts to promote the education of women as it directly affects families in particular and societies in general.

Establishment of a State is the basic important institution for a mankind for their social culture and civilization life. it is obligatory on any state to provide the basic necessities of life including to protect of life and property on an important task in response of that the citizens of the State pays their taxes. It is the duty of the State to end and eradicate the all element of banditry , dacoits, thieves and robbers in case the life and property is at risk. The conditions of the society are not the result of the actions of the political leadership. but also Intellectual religious leadership of siding draughty the good of society. Each and every society has their own rules of law people are pass their life according to prescribed law. The daily affairs are conducted by the same principles. if their is no rule of law in society than injustice take place and criminals strain becomes common. Mounting over come the effect of crime on youth. This is largely due to illiteracy rate is not adhering to the principles of our Islamic way of life and very little training. it is believe through Islamic Practice can save the lives. In this paper, it has been discussed the basic terminologies used for the dacoity. components impact on society and state and legal punishment for the said crime in the light of Arthashastra and Islamic Jurisprudence.