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In recent years, the agricultural sector has taken advantage of real time monitoring, particularly in delicate systems such aquaculture plants. In this context there is a need to develop integrated systems for sustainable production of both vegetable crops and fish. Since a monitoring system able to collect all the involved metrics is not available on the market, a specific monitoring system called ISMaCS (Integrated Smart Monitoring and Control System) has been designed and developed to collect and analyse relevant data. A method is proposed for the validation of the measurements collected by ISMaCS based on comparisons between the data series collected by investigated and reference sensors. Firstly, experiments has been carried out recording with sensors, parameters and an indicator, called Distance between Measurements (DbM) that has been defined and calculated. DbM has been compared to two thresholds to test the sensor reliability. The first, the Identical Reference Value (IRV) was based on the characteristics of the reference sensor, whilst the second, the Acceptability Reference Value (ARV), was selected on the basis of the precision required by the application. Specifically, DbM showed that if the precision of the investigated sensor was suitable for a specific application, it quantifies the reliability of the measurements and can be used as a tool to compare and rank different sensors measuring the same metrics.

The objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate fertilizing machine for vegetable to make under Egyptian condition. The fertilizing machine was evaluated versus four forward speeds (2.8, 3.2, 3.6, and 4.0 km/h), three feeding areas (50, 100, and 150 cm²), three fertilizing depths (15, 20, and 25 cm) and two bully diameters with land wheel (15 and 25 cm). The results showed that the highest productivity was 31.11 m³/fed; and 82.84% fertilizing homogeneous fertilizing obtained at 2.8 km/h forward speed, 150 cm² feeding area, 25 cm fertilizing depth and bully diameter with land wheel 15cm. The best result field efficiency was 85.12% and minimum specific energy 31.41kW.h/fed at obtained forward speed 4 km/h, 150cm² feeding area, 15 cm fertilizing depth and bully diameter with land wheel 15cm. The maximum consumption and operation cost was 128.78 LE/fed; and 5.79 LE/m³.

Verticillium dahliae, the soilborne fungal pathogen, causes vascular wilt on many economically important crops, resulting in significant yield losses. V. klebahnii (isolate PD659) and V. isaacii (isolate PD660), two related species that cause few or no symptoms in some hosts, were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents (BCAs) in eggplant, lettuce, and tomato by pre-, post-, and coinoculation with a virulent race 1 isolate of V. dahliae (VdLs16). Initial studies demonstrated that the biocontrol efficacy of both BCAs was similar to reference BCA Talaromyces flavus (NRRL15936) across all hosts (α = 0.05). Subsequent experiments with PD659 against V. dahliae isolate Sm113 from eggplant, VdLs16 and VdLs17 isolates from lettuce, and Le1811 isolate from tomato demonstrated a significant biocontrol efficacy in eggplant and tomato but not in lettuce (at 95% confidence interval), suggesting host-dependent effectiveness of V. klebahnii. Confocal microscopy using green fluorescent protein-tagged tomato V. dahliae isolate Le1811 indicated delayed xylem colonization or lack of pathogen progression into the vascular system in a host-dependent manner on BCA-treated plants. Quantitative analyses of the expression of defense-related genes PR1a, PR5, acidic extracellular β-1,3-glucanase (GlucA), basic intracellular β-1,3-glucanase (GlucB), acidic extracellular chitinase (Chi3), basic intracellular chitinase (Chi9), and cysteine proteases (cysProteases) in tomato in the presence or absence of PD659 suggested an elevated expression of defense-related genes in compatible interaction of V. dahliae–tomato cultivar Early Pak. V. klebahnii (PD659) may delay the entry of V. dahliae by competing for space or nutrients during the initial stages of root colonization. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Trilogi University with the community ‘Kampung Ramah Lingkungan’ (KRL) Seroja Kahuripan have conducted underweight prevention services in Cibitung Wetan Village, Pamijahan, Bogor. This service activity aims to educate importance of nutritious food, train in creating greenhouses and hydroponic installations, cultivate vegetable crops and their processing to increase the food value as prevention of underweight. The method was carried out in several stages: 1) The preparation and coordination; 2) Implementation; and 3) monitoring and evaluation. Based on the data, it was known that 13,69% of children aged 0–23 months are observed with underweight with body weight far below the standard and 34,44% of children are approaching as underweight. Efforts to prevent underweight were carried out by strengthening the identity of partners, the construction of greenhouse and hydroponic installation as well as training in vegetable cultivation carried out by the team so that partners can be independent in providing nutritious food. The yields of vegetables and their processed products in form of nuggets and jerky have provided food value added increasement to partners. As a result, increasement in the number of partner members from 15 to 54 people, the formation of a group logo as identity reinforcement, the construction of greenhouse facilities and hydroponic installations series, increasement of partner’s knowledges and skills in hydroponic cultivation and crops processing, and increasement partner’s awareness of underweight issue. The results of partner’s satisfaction questionnaire showed that 85% were very satisfied with the program and they hoped for sustainable and further fostering.

Summary The purpose of this paper is to examine, on the basis of the total production and distribution area parameters analyzed, a potential relationship between the actual production of major vegetable crops in Serbia in the current year and the following year’s distribution of planting areas devoted to the crops considered. The analysis was performed for the period 2005-2019. The results obtained indicate that the current year’s production of certain vegetable crops such as potatoes, cabbage, kale, peppers and beans affect the following year’s distribution of their planting areas.

Evaluating the sustainability of vegetable production is crucial to secure future food supply. A 2-year field study of four different vegetable crops was performed to investigate the effects of inorganic fertilizer and human manure at different ratios on vegetable yields, reactive gaseous nitrogen emissions (GNrEs), reactive nitrogen (Nr) footprint, and net ecosystem economic income (NEEI) by using life cycle analysis. Four fertilization strategies were studied, including CK (no fertilization); CF (inorganic fertilization); CHF1 (human manure /inorganic fertilizer, N ratio = 1:7); and CHF2 (human manure /inorganic fertilizer, N ratio = 1:3). Results showed that compared with CF treatment, both CHF1 and CHF2 treatments increased the N2O + NO emissions by 11.8% and 32.4% on average, while decreased the vegetable yields by 6.7% and 7.4%, respectively. Moreover, the addition of human manure increased the proportions of Nr footprint by 6.6% (CHF1) and 2.9% (CHF2) in comparison with CF treatment. However, although CHF2 treatment significantly increased the values of GNrEs and reactive gaseous nitrogen intensity (GNrI) by 8.4% and 12.5%, respectively, in relation to those in CF treatment, it still increased farmers’ income by 16,404 CNY ha−1. These findings suggest that although human manure incorporation could not mitigate Nr releases, the appropriate ratio of inorganic fertilizer and human manure (CHF2) is able to improve net economic income (NEI) and NEEI during intensive vegetable production. Nevertheless, it should be further explored about the relationship between combinatorial treatment of inorganic fertilizer and human manure on Nr release mitigation in intensive vegetable production.

Relevance. The south of Russia occupies about 45% of the country's vegetable area and produces annually more than 5.7 million tons of vegetables or 48.9% of gross vegetable harvest in the country. The analysis of the state of open-ground vegetable growing in the south of Russia is given, taking into account the dynamics of acreage, yield, and gross harvest. The article presents a forecast of the development of openground vegetable growing in the south of Russia in the medium term, taking into account the organizational and legal changes in the industry.Materials and results. The purpose of the research. Analysis of the state of open-ground vegetable growing in the south of Russia and identification of factors hindering the further development of the industry. The role of innovations introduced into production, variety exchange and variety renewal in increasing the gross yield of vegetables are shown. The reasons of the shortfall in productivity in 10 of 15 subjects of districts below the level of the average district values are given. The article highlights the reasoned judgments about the need to enlarge vegetable farms, expand the range of vegetable crops grown, as well as the need for a widespread transition to organic vegetable growing. The paper uses the official materials of the Federal State Statistics Service (FSSS), reports of agricultural departments of the subjects of two districts, the analysis of which was carried out by the author and comments on them were made.

Based on the extensive material, approaches to assessing the risk of accumulation of heavy metals in vegetable crops grown in open and protected ground, including hydroponics, are considered. A scheme for performing risk assessment is proposed, including such stages as hazard identification, exposure assessment, the dose-effect estimates, risk characterization, and risk management. For each stage, model approaches to quantifying the risk are presented, and examples of the characteristics of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk in different regions are given when consuming vegetable crops contaminated with HM. It is shown that the risk of accumulation of HM in vegetable crops can be managed with the help of various strains of microorganisms that promote both the immobilization of these metals in the soil and prevent their entry into the marketable part of vegetable products.

Urban areas are generally in the form of housing with narrow land. The purpose of this activities was to use narrow land for farming with verticulture techniques. The activity was held in Puri Zahara 1 Residence, Medan Tuntungan District. which is a residential area with narrow land. The method used was to provide training to housewife to be able to utilize the land with verticulture techniques. Housewives was briefed in order to be able to use the land using existing materials, especially verticulture techniques. The material used in verticulture techniques was paralon. The result of this dedication is that the community can utilize small land, especially in residential areas with verticulture techniques to plant flowers or vegetable crops, so that the house becomes greener and livelier. With this verticulture technique, more vegetable or fruit crops can be planted. some plants planted include lettuce, water spinach, flowers

Степень технологической и технической зависимости отечественных производителей овощных культур от зарубежных производителей с.-х. техники, а также их техническая оснащенность специализированными машинами объясняется высокими затратами на производство овощей, особенно на уборку, что при общем дефиците ручного труда приводит к сокращению площадей, нарушению технологии выращивания и соответственно снижению урожайности. Цель исследований – определить современное состояние технологического и технического обеспечения производства овощных культур в Российской Федерации. Для достижения поставленной цели использовали методологию системного анализа и синтеза, математической статистики, численные методы решения аналитических зависимостей. Статистические исследования современного состояния технического обеспечения производства овощей в России могут служить основой для построения модели и разработки концептуальных принципов модернизации технологического и технического обеспечения работ в овощеводстве. Определена потребность товаропроизводителей в современных высокотехнологичных комплексах машин для производства овощных культур. Проведенные статистические исследования позволили оценить современное состояние с.-х. машиностроения по выпуску необходимого для товаропроизводителей количества машин. Повышение объемов производства овощной продукции неразрывно коррелирует с уровнем технического обеспечения отрасли овощеводства в целом, что подтверждает уровень локализации с.-х. машиностроения РФ, а также Беларуси и Казахстана, где с.-х. машиностроение представлено широкой номенклатурой предприятий, выпускающих комплексы машин от предпосадочной обработки почвы до послеуборочной обработки товарной продукции. Для возрождения с.-х. машиностроения и развития рынка средств механизации аграрного производства определены основные механизмы обновления парка сельхозтехники – преимущественно привлечением кредитных ресурсов коммерческих банков и лизинговых компаний. Кроме того, интенсивность ведения сельского хозяйства в современных условиях производства невозможна без высокого уровня насыщения машинно-технологических комплексов средствами интеллектуализации. Получать качественную конкурентоспособную продукцию можно только при использовании современных высокопроизводительных машин, обеспечивающих совмещение технологических операций, в конструкциях которых заложены системы автоматизированного управления технологическими процессами, учета почвенного плодородия, обеспечения экологической чистоты агроландшафтов. The degree of technological and technical dependence of domestic producers of vegetable crops on foreign producers of agricultural machinery, as well as their technical equipment with specialized machines, is explained by the high costs of vegetable production, especially for harvesting, which, with a general shortage of manual labor, leads to a reduction in area, disruption of cultivation technology and, accordingly, a decrease in yield. The purpose of the research is to determine the current state of technological and technical support for the production of vegetable crops in the Russian Federation. To achieve this purpose, we used the methodology of system analysis and synthesis, mathematical statistics, numerical methods for solving analytical dependencies. Statistical studies of the current state of technical support for vegetable production in Russia can serve as a basis for building a model and developing conceptual principles for modernizing technological and technical support for work in vegetable growing. The need of commodity producers for modern high-tech complexes of machines for the production of vegetable crops is determined. The conducted statistical studies made it possible to assess the current state of agricultural engineering for the production of the number of machines necessary for commodity producers. The increase in the production of vegetable products is inextricably correlated with the level of technical support for the vegetable growing industry as a whole, which confirms the level of localization of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation, as well as in Belarus and Kazakhstan, where agricultural machinery is represented by a wide range of enterprises that produce complexes of machines from pre-planting tillage to post-harvest processing of commercial products. For the revival of agricultural machinery and the development of the market of agricultural production mechanization tools, the main mechanisms for updating the agricultural machinery fleet are determined-mainly by attracting credit resources from commercial banks and leasing companies. In addition, the intensity of agriculture in modern production conditions is impossible without a high level of saturation of machine-technological complexes with means of intellectualization. It is possible to obtain high-quality competitive products only with the use of modern high-performance machines that ensure the combination of technological operations, in the designs of which there are systems for automated control of technological processes, accounting for soil fertility, ensuring environmental cleanliness of agricultural landscapes. Key words: vegetable growing, vegetable seeders, transplanters, vegetable harvesting equipment.

Agricultural nets are considered as an efficient means of crop protection with various types of agricultural nets designed and used for specific applications. The efficiency of an agricultural net depends on its functionalities and the design of the protecting system. Insect-proof nets, mainly due to their dense mesh structure, may particularly adversely affect the microclimate of the protected cultivation. Thus, manufacturers of agricultural nets focus on the development of novel types of insect-proof nets in order to alleviate this problem. In this analysis, the functionalities and quality characteristics of different types of insect-proof nets have been investigated. Samples of seven different nets were tested. Four of them were typical insect-proof nets designed for protecting vegetable crops whilst the other three were innovative insect-proof nets, especially designed to enhance the airflow through them and/or provide optical exclusion of the pests through incorporated additives that block specific Ultraviolet (UV)–visible radiation wavelengths. The selected functionalities of the nets were evaluated for their aerodynamic, radiometric and mechanical properties. Results from all seven nets were compared for the identification and evaluation of possible improved functionalities and/or drawbacks. Laboratory testing confirmed enhanced ventilation rates of the innovative insect-proof nets, however they were associated with inferior mechanical durability. Insect-proof nets with optical exclusion additives should be applied with caution to avoid excessive shading. The outcomes of this work may be utilised for the optimisation of the functionalities of the specific insect-proof nets.

Mechanical stimulation to produce stable and high-quality crops under greenhouse conditions is a promising alternative to chemical growth retardants. However, plant tissue damage and the lack of full automatization have been major constraints for large-scale applications. We demonstrate the potential of automated, touch-less, directed air stream application systems to control the plant height and appearance of bellflower (Campanula ‘Merrybell’), creeping inchplant (Callisia repens), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Romello’). Plants were cultivated under greenhouse conditions and exposed to regulated air stream stimuli by three different prototype systems. Air stream stimuli of all three prototype systems significantly reduced plant height of all three plant species. Bellflower plants showed a reduction of 24% and tomato plants showed reductions of 26% to 36% compared with the respective control plants. The degree of height growth inhibition in tomato was shown to be predominantly influenced by the stimulus intensity. An air pressure prototype system was successfully implemented in a horticultural company and the height of creeping inchplant could be sufficiently reduced by 20%, on average, throughout 1 year of the experiment compared with untreated controls. Overall, no plant tissue damage of plants treated with the air stream was visible, and no difference in the number of flowers of the bellflower plants treated with the air stream and of the untreated controls was observed.

Orthoptera comprise an order of common insects, most of which are phytophagous, but there are also predatory orthoptera. They are found all over the world and adapt to the environmental conditions in which they are found. Orthoptera insects are pests of vegetable plants, destroying large areas, so vegetable growers are familiar with them. The research was carried out in the Amărăștii de Jos stationary in 2020 in vegetable crops. The aim of the research was to identify orthoptera species in vegetable crops and two methods were used to collect them: the beer trap method and the Barber soil trap method). Orthopteran insects were identified with the help of specialized determiners, then classified by family down to species level. Orthoptera currently identified in the stationary studied included six species, namely: Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Gryllus campestris, Gryllus desertus, Acrida hungarica, Dociostaurus maroccanus and Calliptamus italicus. The species with the most specimens is Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (42 specimens) and the species with the fewest specimens is Dociostaurus maroccanus (3 specimens).

In India, manual transplanting of vegetable seedlings was the commonly adopted method for raising vegetable crops, but it is laborious, time-consuming and costly. Therefore, mechanical transplanters are developed to overcome the problems in manual transplanting. The present work was to develop multiple seedlings picking and transferring mechanism for protray grown vegetable seedlings. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), chilli (Capsicum annuum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena) seedlings were raised in portrays with coir pith as a growth media and used for transplanting operation. The mechanism was to pick seven numbers of seedlings in one row at a time and transfer them into lateral conveying system, which could deliver the seedlings one by one on to the ground at regular interval. Programmable Logic Controller was used to controlling entire operations of seedlings picking and dropping. At the time of evaluation, a totally 196 number of seedlings were used with 98 cell protray. From the test results, the success rate of 89.28 per cent, missing seedling of 3.57 per cent, damaged seedling of 4.08 per cent, seedling delivering failure of 3.06 per cent were recorded for tomato seedlings. Similarly, in chilli and brinjal the success rate of 95.40 and 91.83 per cent, the missing seedling of 2.04 and 2.55 per cent, damaged seedling of 1.53 and 3.06 per cent and seedling delivering failure of 1.02 and 2.55 per cent respectively were observed. Transplanting frequency of developed mechanism was 2520 seedlings h-1. As a whole, this work was able to develop a working model of vegetable seedling transplanting mechanism, which can eject seven seedlings at a time from portray cell and transfer them into the slotted conveyor.

The potato is one of the most versatile, accessible and at the same time widespread vegetable crops of the globe, and in particular of the Russian Federation. Today notable can be imagined without it. But despite the plasticity of the potato crop, there are still “white spots” in its production. With late and even return spring and early autumn frosts, the climatic features of Siberia significantly affect the crop’s growing season, preventing it from realising its full potential. Like that of many other crops, potato production is associated with seasonality, and there are often significant losses during cultivation and especially during storage. An important challenge is to protect plants during growth and development by applying innovative, environmentally friendly crop protection and stimulation products. Organomineral growth and development regulators were particularly popular. In the work schemes of application of perspective, organomineral growth regulators in conditions of forest-steppe of Western Siberia were tested and perfected. Their influence on the primary phases of growth and development of potatoes and their maturity, and their influence on biometrical parameters of plants, a phytosanitary condition of crops, a crop capacity, and its safety are established. On average, under the influence of growth regulators Epin-Extra and Zircon, the growing season is shortened by 3-5 days; the spread of diseases is reduced by 1.5-2 times; the yield increases to 8.3 tons per hectare. These studies are confirmed by the calculation of economic efficiency. Thus, the use of these growth regulators provides the level of profitability of production up to 252%.

Vegetables are an important component of the agriculture production systems and an important part of a healthy diet. Traditional breeding methods are difficult to meet the growing demands for yield and quality of vegetable crops; therefore, new approaches are required. CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology has the advantages of short time period, simple and quick operation, and high editing efficiency. It has become an important tool for plant science and molecular breeding and has been widely used in the creation and genetic improvement of vegetable germplasm resources. This article mainly reviews the application progress and challenges of CRISPR/Cas9 in vegetable improvement, to provide a new perspective for vegetable breeding.

Four universal primer pairs were tested and compared for specificity and efficiency of detection of diverse potyviruses in vegetable crops. Symptomatic samples of seven vegetable crops were initially exposed to DAS/TAS-ELISA. After initial serological detection positive samples were further exposed to different universal primer pairs. All the primers correspond to most conserved regions/gene of potyvirus genome viz., Nuclear Inclusion B and coat protein. Out of four pairs tested, most potential and reproducible candidate universal primer for detection was NIb2F/3R. This set of primer has great breadth of specificity as compared to others, as it was able to detect six different potyviruses. Comparative success to detect potyviruses was maximum with primers pair NIb2F/NIb3R i.e. 84%, 22 and 20% with P9502/CPUP and Sprimer/M4T, respectively.

Al-Sharki Governorate is considered one of the important governorates in the production of vegetable crops, as the total area of ​​vegetables in Sharkia governorate reached about 154,295thousand feddans in 2017, which is divided into winter vegetable crops, which reached a total area of ​​about 83,,300thousand feddans, or about 54% of the total area of ​​vegetables in the Sharkia governorate. The total area of ​​summer green vegetables, which amounted to about 66, 766thousand feddans, which represents about 43,3% of the total area of ​​vegetables in the governorate, while the total area of ​​the Nile vegetables is about 4, 229thousand feddans and represents about 2,7% of the total area of ​​the governorate of the green area. The three are vegetable crops in Sharkia Governorate. The winter tomato crop is one of the largest vegetable crops grown in the Sharkia governorate. Its cultivated area is about 35, 105thousand feddans, representing about 42,1% of the total area cultivated with winter vegetables in the Governorate. Conclusively, the results of the seasonal index showed the remarkable fluctuation in consumer prices for tomato crops at the level of both the Republic and the Eastern regions.

The soilborne oomycete Phytophthora capsici is the most destructive pathogen of vegetable crops and is responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide. Here, we present an improved genome assembly of P. capsici generated by Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing (for de novo assembly) and Illumina short-read sequencing (for polishing). The genome of P. capsici is 100.5 Mb in length (GC content = 50.8%) and contains 26,069 predicted protein-coding genes. The whole genome of P. capsici is assembled into 194 scaffolds, 90% of which are larger than 300 kb. The N50 scaffold length and maximum scaffold length are 1.0 and 4.1 Mb, respectively. The whole-genome sequence of P. capsici will broaden our knowledge of this pathogen and enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of its pathogenicity, which will facilitate the development of effective management strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Relevance. In Uzbekistan, especially in the south of the republic, in recent years, early ripe varieties of onion Sumbula, Ravnak, Bakhora have become widespread. However, the technology of seed production of early maturing varieties has not been developed. In this regard, several studies were carried out to identify the optimal time for planting the mother plants of the early maturing onion variety Sumbula by using the favorable climatic conditions of southern Uzbekistan.Material and methodology. The material for the research was the early ripe onion variety Sumbula, bred by the Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Crops and Potatoes. The studies were carried out according to the Methodological guidelines for the ecological testing of vegetable crops in the open field etc. The dates of seed planting were studied.Results. Studies have shown that the highest seed yield (0.97 t/ha) was obtained in the early autumn planting of mother plants on September 1. It was 20% more than in the control variant – September 15. At later planting dates, the seed yield decreases sharply.When mother plants were planted on October 30, the seed yield was only 0,46 t/ha, or 59.7% of the control.The yield of onion seeds increases, mainly due to the more powerful development of plants during early autumn planting – the formation of large leaves, inflorescences, and additional arrows. The more large and powerful leaves, the more plants have the ability to synthesize plastic substances in the process of photosynthesis and accumulate a high yield.

The increasing demand for a good quality of carrot tubers has yet been achieved, partly due to limitation in cultivation area. Extension of cultivation to low land has been attempted and suitable cultivation technology with yields 17.5 – 25 ton/ha has been developed. However, cultivation of carrot in lowlands is very limited as farmers assume that carrots cannot be cultivated in the lowlands. To promote this, a community service (PKM) aimed to disseminate environmentally-friendly carrot cultivation technology in the lowlands has been undertaken in Bagik Polak Village, Labuapi District, West Lombok Regency from June to October 2020. The PKM was carried out in collaboration with the Gapoktan Bersatu and UPTD Agriculture of Labuapi District, through demonstration plots and extension. The activity began with socialization by discussion with the officials of Labuapi UPTD Agriculture and management of the Bersatu Gapoktan, followed by demplot for carrot cultivation at an altitude of ± 41 m above sea level. At harvest time, the demplot results were exposed to the community via extension at the house of the Gapoktan leader. By directly observing the demplot results, participants were motivated to cultivate environmentally-friendly carrots, and stated that they will undertake trials in theirs fields. The Labuapi UPTD will set a demplot in the UPTD yard and promote carrot plants in the program for yard optimality. In addition, the farmers agreed that this activity has bring a new inspiration to diversify vegetable crops with a higher economic crops

Commercial vegetable crop transplanters currently use several unsynchronised planting units mounted to a common transport frame. The objective of this work was to assess the performance of a new transplanting technology to improve the plant placement accuracy and spatiotemporal planting synchronization across adjacent rows, thus producing a grid-like planting pattern using adjacent vegetable crop transplanters. The feasibility of synchronisation of adjacent transplanting units for vegetable crops was demonstrated using tomato as the target crop. A colour, digital, high-speed computer vision analysis of the motion and dynamics of the plant trajectories of transplanted tomatoes was conducted. The high-speed video analysis led to the design and testing of an improved plant support mechanism to enhance the control and precision of the transplanting of vegetable crops. The absolute deviation values of the final location in the soil were reduced by approximately 25% for both the right planter and left planter compared to those in previous years. These results serve as the fundamental basis for a mechatronic system that can precisely transplant vegetable crops in a grid-like pattern across rows as a critical first step in a systematic approach to fully automated individual plant care.

The hydroponic system can be a solution for the development of fruit and vegetable crops with various advantages over conventional agricultural systems, where nutritional needs and the growing environment (microclimate) can be manipulated using appropriate technology so that plants can grow optimally.Objective Measuring the success of hydroponics with a remote control system for regulating light intensity, humidity and temperature on the microclimate scale on hydroponic plants and comparing strawberry plants treated with microclimate settings without treatment, by making a cover shade and humidifier with an automation system and temperature sensor. This research was conducted at the Rooftop of Gedung Merah Politani Samarinda for 1 year starting from January 2020 to December 2020. This study used a completely randomized non-factorial one-factor 2-level treatment design, namely P1 = strawberry cultivation with shade treatment and humidifier P2 = strawberry cultivation without microclimate treatment (shade and humidifier). Each treatment level was repeated as many as 20 plants so that the total plants used in this study were 40 plants.The results of this study were the increase in the number of leaves of strawberry plants aged 8 weeks after planting, the highest average was in treatment P1, namely 8.55 cm and the lowest average of strawberry plants in treatment P2 was 6.50, and the increase in the number of leaves of strawberry plants aged 12 weeks after planting, the highest average was at P1, namely 13.7 cm and the lowest average for strawberry plants in treatment P2 was 9.50. While the number of stowberry tillers aged 8 and 12 weeks after planting (mst) P1 and P2 had no significant effect, meaning that the treatment level had no effect on the number of stowberry tillers.

In this project was demonstrated the ecological and economic aspects of the prospects of installing solar panels on land plots with parallel development of agricultural activity. It is proposed to combine the development of SES with the development of agroindustrial activity, which will help solve both socio-economic and environmental problems of the region. The use of solar farms in the Carpathian region will provide an opportunity to use vacant and inefficient land for construction; during the year to promote the development of growing early vegetable crops in greenhouses or fruit and berry crops (black currants, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, etc.); will help to heat and maintain the set temperature, and also to cool it in hot (hot) days thanks to ventilation systems which also work from solar panels. The development of "solar farms" will promote the effective rational use of both lowland and mountainous lands not only in recreational and tourist activities, but also in the direction of the agro-sphere without harmful effects on the environment.

Potato is one of the most vegetable crops consumed in the world. Many cultivars of potato infested by Black scurf disease (Rhizoctonia solani) and affect the quantity and quality of the yield. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of clove extract for controlling R. solani. Six isolates were obtained from infected potato plants from different potato growing areas. The results obtained from the pathogenicity test cleared that lady rosetta potato cultivar was the most susceptible cultivar to R. solani as affect number of plants. While the most resistant cultivar to R. solani during the Pathogenicity test was cara potato cultivar as affected by R. solani as affect the mean number of plants. On the other hand, among all six R. solani isolates tested during the pathogenicity study Rs4 was the most pathogenic isolate on potato plants while the lowest pathogenic isolate was Rs6 on the tested potato cultivars as affecting the number of plants/ pots. The results for the effect of clove extract (alcoholic and water extract) showed that alcoholic extract was very effective to inhibit the growth of all six R. solani isolates as the pathogen was totally inhibited while clove water extract was less effective for inhibiting the growth of the pathogen comparing with control treatment.

This study examined the value chain and marketing margin of brinjal in Bandarban, Khagrachari and Chittagong of Bangladesh. It looks at profitability, value addition at different levels and marketing efficiency for the various market. The simple random sampling technique was followed for collecting primary data from the vegetable growers in the study area. In this study, total 60 growers and 50 market intermediaries were selected. A primary survey was carried out in January to June 2016. The benefit-Cost Ratio was used for estimating profitability. Marketing cost and margin were used for calculating the value addition in every stage of the supply chain. For assessing marketing efficiency, price spread, producers share, and Acharya’s methods were employed. The result revealed that brinjal cultivation was profitable since the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of brinjal cultivation was 1.59. The highest net marketing margin for brinjal was found in chain II. The most efficient marketing chain was found in chain III, which is Farmer → Retailer → Consumer (Local) in the study area. It appears that, based on the findings of the study, there is considerable scope exists for developing the value chain through keeping the marketing efficiency at the chain III level.

The mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi, is a significant agricultural pest, responsible for yield losses in several vegetable crops. A desire to reduce insecticide applications in green house vegetabl...

Le chou fait partie des principales cultures maraîchères pratiquées en Côte d’Ivoire. Sa production est cependant limitée par des problèmes parasitaires entomologiques mal maîtrisés. Cette étude a été réalisée sur trois périmètres maraîchers du département de Korhogo, de juillet 2016 à juin 2017. Elle vise à évaluer les niveaux d’attaques des insectes ravageurs et à déterminer leur impact sur la culture. De façon spécifique, il s’est agi d’identifier les espèces d’insectes collectés sur les plants, de décrire leurs dégâts et de déterminer l’intensité de leurs attaques à travers un indice (I) compris entre 0% et 100%. Les observations ont révélé la présence dequinze espèces d’insectes. Les larves et/ou les adultes de ces insectes attaquaient les plants de chou. Les dégâts affectent les feuilles, le bourgeon apical, la pomme et la tige. Les espèces Hellula undalis et Plutella xylostella ont été identifiées comme les ravageurs majeurs du chou car elles ont attaqué respectivement 57,04% des plants avec une forte intensité (I = 38,89 ± 21,45%) et 88,15% des plants avec une très forte intensité (I = 56,11 ± 18,87%). La connaissance de ces ravageurs majeurs et de leurs dégâts pourrait contribuer à une meilleure gestion de ces nuisibles.Mots clés : Chou, intensité des attaques, Hellula undalis, Plutella xylostella, Côte d'Ivoire Cabbage is one of the main vegetable crops grown in Côte d'Ivoire. However, its production is limited by the poor insect management. This study was carried out through three vegetable areas in the division of Korhogo from July 2016 to June 2017. It aims to assess the damage caused by insect and determine their impact on the crop. Specifically, it involved identifying the insect species collected from the plants, describing their damage and determining the intensity of their attacks using an index between 0% and 100%. Observations revealed fifteen insect species. The larvae and/or adults of these insects attacked cabbage plants. The damage affects the leaves, the apical bud, the apple and the stem. The species Hellula undalis and Plutella xylostella were identified as the major pests of cabbage because they attacked respectively 57.04% of the plants with high intensity (I = 38.89 ± 21.45%) and 88.15% of the plants with a very high intensity (I = 56.11 ± 18.87%). Knowledge of these major pests and their domages could contribute to better management of these pests. Keywords: Cabbage, intensity of attacks, Hellula undalis, Plutella xylostella, Côte d'Ivoire.

Soil contamination by heavy metals has received considerable attention in recent years. In this study, heavy metal accumulation in two vegetable crops (Corchorus olitorius and Solanum nigrum L.) wa...

The article presents the monitoring of sucking pests of vegetable crops of the families Aphrophoridae and Cicadellidae from the Auchenorrhyncha series, their sistematic position, food connections, harmfulness, and modern control measures are recommended.

Indonesia is a country that has abundant biodiversity including local vegetable crops that have long been consumed by the Indonesian people, so it was necessary to increase productivity, production, and quality with various innovations that are cheap and easy to apply. Verticulture is an agricultural cultivation system that was carried out vertically or stratified and a technique of cultivating vegetables on limited land which was arranged in layers with a particular container model by applying advanced technology packages and high economic value commodities. This verticulture can be applied in the Family Farming. This family farming program will affect food security and fulfillment of nutrition for each family. Abdimas activities was carried out in Socah Village, Socah District, Bangkalan Regency, consisting of the introduction and training of the local vegetable crop verticulture method as well as assistance in the use of family farming and narrow land for housewives or the community so that later it can improve the ability of housewives or the community economically and socially in meeting the nutritional needs of families and communities.

The results of the experiment on the cultivation of okra vegetable crops in a farm in Osceola, Arkansas, USA using innovative biostimulants based on non-pathogenic microorganisms are presented. It is shown that the use of biostimulants contributed to a significant improvement in the morphological characteristics of plants, such as plant height, the number of side branches, leaves, fruits. In the green fruits of okra, the content of vital elements-nitrogen, sulfur, potassium, and especially iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and phosphorus-increased compared with the control variant, while the content of nitrates was significantly reduced, which suggests that biostimulants studied based on non-pathogenic microorganisms are promising.

Desa Padang Birik-Birik was located in the North Pariaman District of Pariaman City and the village near to the beach. The daily activities of women in this area are housewives and farming. During the Covid-19 pandemic the economic conditions of the community became increasingly difficult so that the additional alternative funds were needed to meet family needs. Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivation techniques with an aquaponic system can be used as a source of additional income in addition to meet the nutritional needs of the family. Nile Tilapia cultivation techniques with an aquaponic system can increase the income of housewives during the Covid-19 pandemic. Aquaponic method is a land and water saving technology that can be combined with various vegetable crops. Meanwhile, vegetable crops from the aquaponic system can also be consumed to meet the nutritional needs of the family. This community service activity is carried out by counseling and direct practice. Presentation of material on Nile Tilapia cultivation techniques using the aquaponic system includes how to assemble tools, direct practice how to plant seeds, and how to maintain them. The result of the activity was that the enthusiastic community received the material presented and seriously followed the activity until it was finished. The community is committed to trying to make this aquaponic cultivation system themselves in their respective homes.

More than 1 year after the outbreak of COVID‐19, Canadian fruit and vegetable markets continue to adjust to the evolving landscape In this article, we focus on three key measures of input and output market performance that serve as indicators of the stability of fruit and vegetable markets in Canada in the medium‐term, and offer some insight for how these markets will continue to adjust in the longer run Specifically, we use data to highlight the most recent trends in (1) the production and aggregate movement for major fruit and vegetable crops in the United States and Canada, (2) labor supply and immigration visa patterns, and (3) U S –Canada trade patterns for fruits and vegetables We provide evidence that the fresh produce supply chain in Canada, and for markets in their largest trade partner in the United States, has remained relatively robust [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production under high tunnels requires appropriate plant density and growth habit to ensure efficient use of space. This study assessed the effects of in-row spacin...

Dragonflies and Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary are presented. The Sanctuary is located in the District Shopian of Kashmir Valley (33°39'28.6"N 74°41'15.2"E). The area is rich in both floral and faunal diversity with most of the area covered with lush green forests. Around the sanctuary, Agro and Horticultural plantations such as Apple, Pear, Peach and vegetable crops abides most of the land cover in the area. The present study was carried out from June to October 2020. A total number of 10 species from six families were recorded in and around the area. The most abundant species recorded are from the family Libellulidae which are active mostly in the months from June to October. A number of freshwater bodies flow through the district and receives annual precipitation of around 1800mm, which makes the area more suitable for the Odonates diversity. Here we present the first preliminary report of order Odonata collected from the sanctuary and adjoining areas of Kashmir Valley.

This is a review on the current status of Ascaris and Toxocara as agents of disease as a foodborne pathogen that is often transmitted onto produce via contaminated water. The paper introduces the parasites, their biology, disease caused, and mode of transmission. It summarizes recent research on methods for the detection of the parasites on crops, their prevalence in recent surveys of ready to eat plants in different parts of the world, and potential aspects of their means for remediation on vegetable crops. Also discussed is the ubiquitous nature of the presence of these eggs in the environment due to the many humans infected and means currently underway to control these parasites though improve water quality, sanitation, and hygiene.

Diamondback moth is one of the destructive insect pests of brassicaceous vegetable crops worldwide with increased insecticide resistance. Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely-used organophosphate...

Tomato plant (Solanum lycopersium Mill.) is among the highly cultivated vegetable crops worldwide. With the increase in cadmium (Cd)-polluted area, the risk of tomato safe production has increased....