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The São Francisco Valley is the main producing region of table grape in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and physicochemical characteristics of 14 seedless table grape genotypes to select those with potential to be used in commercial crops in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil, or as parents in breeding programs. The experiment was carried out over five crop seasons (2014 to 2018), in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of 14 seedless table grape genotypes. The results showed significant effects for all variables evaluated. The highest estimated yield per production cycle were found for ?Marroo Seedless? (26.5 t·ha-1), ?BRS Linda? (26.4 t·ha-1), ?CNPUV 23? (24.9 t·ha-1), ?A1105? (24.3 t·ha-1),and ?A Dona? (20.2 t·ha-1). Soluble solid (SS) content varied from 13.35 ºBrix (?CNPUV 23?) to 21.63 ºBrix (?A Dona?). The titratable acidity (TA) of the genotypes varied from 0.27 g·100 mL-1 (?CNPUV 23?) to 0.72 g·100 mL-1 (?Crimson Seedless?). Principal component analysis showed that the first three principal components explained 81.9% of the data variance, and grouped the best genotypes for production components and fruit chemical composition on different sides of the X-axis. These results allowed the identification of a group of seedless grape cultivars that can be used for commercial crops or as parents for controlled crossings in a local table grape breeding program. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-03T02:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agronomic-performance-of-seedless-table-grape-2020.pdf: 188872 bytes, checksum: f8679acabb76e52a09e577afd1ea2173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Orientadores: Vivaldo Silveira Júnior, Wigberto Antonio Spagnol Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Resumo: As condições climáticas afetam diretamente a qualidade pós-colheita de frutas e, se não controladas, podem ser um fator crítico na diminuição de sua vida útil. Em uvas de mesa (Vitis Vinifera L.), a qualidade é afetada principalmente pela desidratação dos cachos, a qual promove escurecimento da ráquis e aparência ressecada nas bagas. Em uma cadeia logística de distribuição, flutuações nas condições de temperatura e umidade relativa (UR) são comuns e podem intensificar a deterioração da qualidade. O objetivo principal desse estudo foi desenvolver um modelo preditivo para a perda de massa por transpiração em uvas de mesa, validando as previsões do modelo em cenários de temperatura e UR variáveis. Realizaram-se ensaios experimentais para avaliar também as correspondências entre as perdas de massa dos cachos e as alterações no seu aspecto visual e o efeito de tempos de atraso para dar início ao resfriamento (cooling delays) sobre as suas taxas de transpiração. Assim, uvas das variedades `Crimson Seedless¿ e `Niagara¿ foram armazenadas em ambientes de temperatura controlada (em torno de 2, 5, 10 e 15 °C) com UR aproximadamente constantes (50 a 60%) e a redução da massa inicial foi medida durante o período de testes. Os dados experimentais obtidos foram utilizados para estimar os parâmetros do modelo preditivo por meio de regressão não linear. Subsequentemente, os parâmetros estimados foram testados em ensaios de validação, nos quais amostras de ambas as variedades de uvas foram armazenadas em refrigeradores comuns, sujeitas a flutuações de temperatura e UR. Os testes de validação comprovaram a habilidade preditiva do modelo, o qual descreveu adequadamente a perda de massa das uvas `Crimson Seedless¿ e `Niagara¿. Portanto, o método aplicado foi útil para fazer o ajuste do modelo preditivo, uma vez que o modelo parametrizado ofereceu estimativas satisfatórias para a perda de massa das uvas em ambas as variedades estudadas. As observações experimentais do aspecto visual dos cachos e da ráquis mostraram que o nível crítico de perda de massa nos cachos depende da variedade estudada, bem como os ensaios com cooling delays indicam que a extensão dos danos causados nos frutos varia de acordo com a cultivar. Os ensaios com cooling delays também mostraram que as taxas de transpiração de frutos que passaram por esses tratamentos antes de serem armazenados em refrigeração constante não diferem significativamente daquelas de frutos que não passaram pelos tempos de espera antes do início do resfriamento Abstract: Climatic conditions directly affect fruits post-harvest quality, and if not controlled, may be a critical factor diminishing their shelf-life. In table grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.), quality is affected mainly by cluster dehydration, which promotes rachis browning and shriveled berry surfaces. In a logistic chain of distribution, fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions are common and may intensify quality decay. The main objective of this study was developing a predictive model to mass loss by transpiration of table grapes, validating the model predictions in scenarios of variable temperature and RH conditions. Experimental tests also evaluated the correspondence between clusters mass loss and visual aspects changes and the effect of cooling delays in transpiration rates of the fruit. Thus, table grapes of cultivars `Crimson Seedless¿ and `Niagara¿ were stored in controlled temperature environments (around 2, 5, 10 and 15 °C) with RH approximately constant (50 to 60%) and the initial mass reduction was measured during the experiment period. The obtained experimental data was used to fit a predictive model and estimate the parameters of the model parameters. Subsequently, validation tests, in which samples were stored in common refrigerators subjected to temperature and RH fluctuations, were used to evaluate parameters estimated for both cultivars. Validation tests confirmed the predictive ability of the model, which described adequately the table grapes mass loss, both for `Crimson Seedless¿ and `Niagara¿. Therefore, the method applied was useful to calibrate the predictive model, since the parametrized model yielded satisfactory estimations for the table grapes mass loss in both studied cultivars. The experimental observations of the visual aspect have shown that the critical level of cluster mass loss depends on the cultivar studied, as well as the cooling delays tests indicate that the extend of the mass loss damage vary from one cultivar to another. Cooling delay tests have also shown that the transpiration rates of grapes submitted to these treatments before refrigerated storage are not significantly different from those of fruits immediately refrigerated Mestrado Engenharia de Alimentos Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos CNPQ 142688/2015-0 FAPESP 2015-15570-2

Programa de Doctorado en Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias, Agroambientales y Alimentarias Pomegranate and table grape are fruit with high acceptation by consumers due to their organoleptic quality and their content in both nutritive and bioactive compounds related to human health. However, the table grape cultivars, ‘Crimson’ and ‘Magenta’, and the ‘Mollar de Elche’ pomegranate show an important lack of red intense colour at harvest and some others alterations that determine their quality losses during postharvest storage. Fungal decay in table grape and in the case of pomegranate its sensitivity to develop chilling injury (CI) when they are stored under cold conditions are key factors which compromise fruit storage, transport and marketing. In recent years, research has been performed aimed to find preharvest treatments with natural compounds to increase fruit quality at harvest and to maintain it during storage, due to consumers’ concerns and legal restrictions regarding the use of postharvest chemical treatments. In this sense, the application of naturally occuring plant compounds as preharvest treatments to delay ripening and senescence, preserving fruit and vegetable quality, has received considerable attention. Therefore, the aim of this PhD Thesis is to provide solutions to the pomegranate and table grape quality problems through preharvest treatments with methyl jasmonate (MeJa), salicylic acid derivatives; salicylic acid (SA), acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and methyl salicylate (MeSa), and oxalic acid (OA) to mainly solve the colour problems of these cultivars at harvest as well as their quality losses during postharvest storage, such as the chilling injury incidence and fungal decay in pomegranate fruit and table grape, respectively, increasing their shelf-life. Treatments were performed by foliar spray application of 1, 5 and 10 mM concentrations in 2016 for both crops, containing 0.5 % Tween 20 as surfactant. Control vines or pomegranate trees were sprayed with 0.5 % Tween 20 aqueous solution. In 2017 season, these concentrations were repeated for pomegranate crop and reduced to 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM in the case of table grape, since in general, these treatments at 5 and 10 mM decreased vine yield and delayed on vineripening process, which could be hastened by lower doses. However, no negative effects caused by OA treatments at these concentrations on table grape crop yield or berry ripening process were observed. Thus, these doses were not reduced in the second season for this treatment. In 2018, the concentrations of treatments were selected for both crops based on these previous experiments carried out in 2016 and 2017 seasons, in which the best results in term of yield and fruit quality attributes were obtained. The results of this PhD Thesis have shown that MeJa preharvest treatments at 0.1 mM accelerated berry ripening, mainly colour evolution due to increased anthocyanin biosynthesis, leading to earlier harvest and increasing vine yield in both table grape cultivars. In addition, Berry quality parameters, such as size, weight, firmness, total soluble solids and bioactive compound content were also enhanced by this treatment, leading to berries with increased health beneficial effects. Respect to pomegranate crop, MeJa at 5 mM could be selected for practical application purposes in order to get earlier harvest and increase pomegranate crop yield, fruit quality, mainly colour development, and its content in phenolics, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid at harvest and during storage at 10 °C. Combined 5 mM MeJa treatments (Pre- + Postharvest) were also performed and results showed that Pre- + Postharvest MeJa treatments reduced external and internal CI symptoms in pomegranate husk, likely by better maintaining the cell membrane structure through enhancing the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio. However, preharvest MeJa treatment is recommended over Pre- + Postharvest application to increase pomegranate fruit storability during cold storage since no significant differences between both treatments were observed. On the other hand, it is worth noting the effects of preharvest treatments with salicylates at 10 mM, and especially SA, on increasing total and individual anthocyanin concentration in pomegranate arils which reached a deeper red colour and, in turn, would be more appreciated in the international market. In addition, SA at 10 mM improved pomegranate fruit quality and their content on antioxidant compounds at harvest and during storage at 10 °C. Contradictorily on table grape, considering the overall results, it could be concluded that 0.1 mM MeSa treatment could be a useful tool to increase crop yield and accelerate on-vine ripening process on both cultivars studied, which would lead to improve the economic profit of table grape crop. Furthermore, this treatment was the most effective on enhancing anthocyanin biosynthesis and berry colour in these poorly colored cultivars as well as inducing resistance to Botrytis cinérea spoilage, probably due to enhanced levels of phenolic compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Finally, 10 mM OA treatment led to an early harvest of ‘Mollar de Elche’ cultivar since tree yield and number of fruits were higher at the first harvest date. This concentration of OA resulted in the greatest effects improving fruit quality parameters, beneficial health effects to consumers and sensory quality properties. Nevertheless, preharvest applications with OA at 5 mM improved the skin colour of table grapes at harvest by the up-regulation of Vitis vinifera 9-cisepoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 gene (VvNCED1) and abscisic acid (ABA) homeostasis during berry development and on-vine ripening. Additionally, OA delayed table grape postharvest ripening and senescence processes during storage, which was mainly mediated by the stimulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, as well as by the reduction in the ABA metabolism. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that preharvest treatments with MeJa, salicylates and OA, applied at the best tested concentrations, could be considered a safe strategy, based on naturally occurring plant compounds, in preharvest to improve fruit quality attributes, mainly colour, at harvest and during storage of table grape and pomegranate fruit. Overall, a solution is provided to a regional problem. The results would help to the horticultural companies since they would provide fruits with higher quality standards at harvest and after their postharvest handling, storage and marketing La granada y la uva de mesa son frutos con una elevada aceptación por parte de los consumidores debido a su calidad organoléptica y al contenido en compuestos tanto nutritivos como bioactivos relacionados con la salud humana. Sin embargo, las variedades de uva de mesa, 'Crimson' y 'Magenta', y la granada 'Mollar de Elche' presentan una importante escasez del color rojo intenso deseado en el momento de la recolección y algunas otras alteraciones que determinan sus pérdidas de calidad durante el almacenamiento postcosecha. La incidencia fúngica en la uva de mesa y en el caso de la granada su sensibilidad a desarrollar danos por frio (DF) cuando se almacenan a bajas temperaturas son factores claves los cuales comprometen el almacenamiento, transporte y comercialización del fruto. En los últimos años, se han realizado investigaciones encaminadas a encontrar tratamientos precosecha con compuestos naturales para incrementar la calidad de la fruta en el momento de la recolección y mantenerla durante el almacenamiento, debido a las preocupaciones de los consumidores y las restricciones legales sobre el uso de tratamientos químicos postcosecha. En este sentido, la aplicación de compuestos derivados de las plantas y de origen natural como tratamientos precosecha para retrasar la maduración y la senescencia, preservando la calidad de las frutas y hortalizas, ha recibido una atención considerable. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es dar solución a los problemas de calidad de la granada y la uva de mesa mediante tratamientos precosecha con jasmonato de metilo (JaMe), derivados del ácido salicílico; ácido salicílico (AS), ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) y salicilato de metilo (SaMe), y ácido oxálico (AO) para solucionar principalmente los problemas de color de estas variedades en el momento de la recolección, así como sus pérdidas de calidad durante el almacenamiento postcosecha, como la incidencia de danos por frio y la incidencia fúngica en la granada y la uva de mesa, respectivamente, aumentando su vida útil. Los tratamientos se realizaron mediante pulverización foliar a las concentraciones de 1, 5 y 10 mM en 2016 para ambos cultivos, conteniendo un 0,5 % de Tween 20 como surfactante. Las parras o granados control fueron pulverizados con una solución acuosa de Tween 20 al 0,5 %. En la campana de 2017, estas concentraciones se repitieron para el cultivo de granada y se redujeron a 0,01, 0,1 y 1 mM en el caso de la uva de mesa, ya que en general estos tratamientos a 5 y 10 mM disminuyeron el rendimiento de la parra y retrasaron el proceso de maduración en la misma, el cual podría ser acelerado con dosis más bajas. Sin embargo, no se observaron efectos negativos causados por los tratamientos con AO a estas concentraciones sobre el rendimiento del cultivo de uva de mesa o el proceso de maduración de la baya. Por tanto, estas dosis no se redujeron en la segunda campaña para dicho tratamiento. En 2018, las concentraciones de los tratamientos fueron seleccionadas para ambos cultivos en base a estos experimentos previos realizados en las campanas de 2016 y 2017, en las cuales se obtuvieron los mejores resultados en términos de rendimiento y atributos de calidad de fruto. Los resultados de esta Tesis Doctoral han demostrado que los tratamientos precosecha de JaMe 0,1 mM aceleraron la maduración de la baya, principalmente la evolución del color debido al aumento de la biosíntesis de antocianinas, conduciendo a una cosecha más temprana e incrementando el rendimiento de la parra en ambas variedades de uva de mesa. Además, los parámetros de calidad de las bayas, como el tamaño, el peso, la firmeza, los sólidos solubles totales y el contenido de compuestos bioactivos, también se mejoraron con este tratamiento, lo que condujo a bayas con mayores efectos beneficiosos para la salud. Con respecto al cultivo de granada, JaMe 5 mM podría seleccionarse para fines de aplicación practica con el fin de obtener una recolección más temprana y aumentar el rendimiento del cultivo de granada, la calidad del fruto, principalmente el desarrollo del color, y su contenido en fenoles, antocianinas y ácido ascórbico en el momento de la recolección y durante el almacenamiento a 10 °C. Tratamientos combinados de JaMe 5 mM (Pre- + Postcosecha) fueron realizados y los resultados mostraron que los tratamientos Pre- + Postcosecha de JaMe redujeron los síntomas de DF externos e internos en la corteza de la granada, probablemente al mantener mejor la estructura de la membrana celular mediante la mejora del ratio de ácidos grasos insaturados (AGI)/ácidos grasos saturados (AGS). Sin embargo, el tratamiento precosecha de JaMe es recomendado sobre la aplicación Pre- + Postcosecha para incrementar la capacidad de almacenamiento de la granada durante el almacenamiento en frio, ya que no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos tratamientos. Por otro lado, cabe destacar los efectos de los tratamientos precosecha con salicilatos 10 mM, y especialmente AS, sobre el incremento de la concentración de antocianinas totales e individuales en los arilos de granada que alcanzan un color rojo más intenso y, a su vez, serian más apreciados en el mercado internacional. Además, el AS 10 mM mejoro la calidad de la granada y su contenido en compuestos antioxidantes en el momento de la recolección y durante el almacenamiento a 10 °C. Contradictoriamente en uva de mesa, considerando los resultados generales, se podría concluir que el tratamiento con SaMe 0,1 mM podría ser una herramienta útil para incrementar el rendimiento del cultivo y acelerar el proceso de maduración en la parra en ambas variedades estudiadas, lo que conduciría a mejorar el beneficio económico del cultivo de uva de mesa. Además, este tratamiento fue el más efectivo mejorando la biosíntesis de antocianinas y el color de la baya en estas variedades con escasez de color, así como induciendo resistencia al crecimiento de Botrytis cinerea, probablemente debido a niveles mejorados de compuestos fenólicos y de la actividad de los enzimas antioxidantes. Finalmente, el tratamiento de AO 10 mM condujo a una cosecha temprana de la variedad 'Mollar de Elche' ya que el rendimiento del árbol y el número de frutos fueron mayores en la primera fecha de recolección. Esta concentración de AO dio lugar a los mayores efectos mejorando los parámetros de calidad del fruto, los efectos beneficiosos para la salud de los consumidores y las propiedades de calidad sensorial. Sin embargo, las aplicaciones precosecha con AO 5 mM mejoraron el color de la piel de la uva de mesa en el momento de la recolección mediante la sobrerregulación del gen Vitis vinifera 9-cis-epoxycarotenoide dioxygenasa 1 (VvNCED1) y la homeostasis del ácido abscísico (ABA) durante el desarrollo de la baya y la maduración en la parra. Adicionalmente, el AO retraso los procesos de maduración y senescencia en postcosecha de la uva de mesa durante el almacenamiento, lo que estuvo mediado principalmente por la estimulación de los sistemas antioxidantes enzimáticos y no enzimáticos, así como por la reducción del metabolismo del ABA. Por lo tanto, se ha demostrado que los tratamientos precosecha con JaMe, salicilatos y AO, aplicados a las mejores concentraciones ensayadas, podrían ser considerados una estrategia segura, basada en compuestos derivados de las plantas con origen natural, en precosecha para mejorar los atributos de calidad del fruto, principalmente el color, en la recolección y durante el almacenamiento de la uva de mesa y la granada. En general, se aporta una solución a un problema regional. Los resultados ayudarían a las empresas hortícolas ya que proporcionarían frutos con estándares de calidad más elevados en el momento de la recolección y tras su manejo postcosecha, almacenamiento y comercialización

En la presente investigación, se evaluó el efecto de los tratamientos con ácido salicílico (AS), ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) y salicilato de metilo (SaMe) aplicados durante el desarrollo de la uva en la parra sobre el proceso de maduración y los parámetros de calidad de la uva de mesa variedad “Crimson” (sólidos solubles totales y firmeza) en la cosecha y durante su conservación. En 2016 se aplicaron las concentraciones de 1.0, 5.0 y 10.0 mM y en 2017 0.01, 0.1 y 1.0 mM. Así, los tratamientos con AS, AAS y SaMe a 5.0 y 10.0 mM retrasaron la maduración de las bayas, así como la producción de las parras. Por el contrario, los tratamientos con 0,01, 0,1 y 1,0 mM adelantaron la maduración y el AS y el AAS a 1,0 mM, además aumentaron la producción total. En cuanto a los parámetros de calidad medidos, los sólidos solubles aumentaron en el almacenamiento de la uva y la firmeza disminuyó, estando por encima las bayas tratadas en comparación con los frutos de las parras control. Además, los tratamientos con los diferentes salicilatos aumentaron el contenido de compuestos antioxidantes, como los fenoles totales donde la mayor concentración se encontraba en el tratamiento con AS 1.0 mM. Las antocianinas totales también aumentaron con los tratamientos con salicilatos, obteniéndose los mayores efectos con AS 0.01 mM y AAS 1,0 mM. La antocianina mayoritaria era la peonidín 3-glucósido seguida de la malvidín 3-glucósido y finalmente la cianidín 3-glucósido, en general, las dos antocianinas mayoritarias aumentaron con los tratamientos con salicilatos. Así pues, se puede concluir que los tratamientos con AS o con AAS a 1,0 mM podrían ser una estrategia útil para adelantar la maduración de la uva de mesa, aumentar la producción total de las parras y la calidad y contenido en compuestos antioxidantes de las uvas, con el consiguiente beneficio para la salud de los consumidores. In the present investigation, an analysis on the effect of the treatments with salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and methyl salicylate (MeSa) was made, those applied during the development of grapes in the vine in the process of ripening and the parameters of quality of the “Crimson” variety of tablegrape (total soluble solids and firmness) in the vintage and during the conservation. In 2016, the concentrations of 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mM were applied, and in 2017 the applications were 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mM. Therefore, treatments with SA, ASA and MeSa at 5.0 and 10.0 mM delayed the maturation of the fruits and the production of the vines. On the contrary, treatments at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mM advanced the maturation, and in addition, SA and ASA at 1.0 mM augmented the total production. Regarding the parameters of quality measured, soluble solids augmented in the storage of the grape, and firmness decreased, being on a higher level the treated fruits than the fruits from the control-vines. Besides, the treatments with the different salicylates augmented the level of antioxidant compounds, as the total phenols, in which the highest concentration was found in the treatment with SA 1.0 mM. The total anthocyanins augmented with the treatments of salicylates too, obtaining the highest effects with AS 0.01 mM and ASA 1.0 mM. The most common anthocyanin was peonidin 3-glycoside, followed by malvidin 3-glycoside and finally cyanidin 3-glycoside; in general terms, the two majority anthocyanins augmented with the treatments with salicylates. Consequently, it may be concluded that the treatments with SA or ASA at 1.0 mM may be a useful strategy to accelerate the maturation of grapes, augment the total production of vines and the quality and content in antioxidant compounds of grapes, with the consequent benefits for the health of the consumers.

The aim of this study was to characterize the thermal environment of the sorting and packing sectors of small, medium and large packing houses in the São Francisco Valley, Northeast of Brazil. Micrometeorological data were monitored every 15 minutes for 20 days during winter 2014 and summer 2015. The parameters evaluated were air temperature (oC), relative humidity (%) and radiant thermal load, RTL,(W/m2). External environmental data were obtained from weather stations close to the packing houses. The data obtained show that packing houses minimum and maximum temperatures were reached at 6am and 3pm, respectively, during winter and summer. Both seasons had air temperatures above 20°C, relative humidity below 90% and radiant thermal load above 450 W/m2. The construction materials that had the highest energy transmissions were the roofs. Metal roofs had the worst thermal conditioning, resulting in maximum internal air temperatures of 32.7°C and minimum relative humidity of 40.9% at 3pm, during summer. According to the results, thermal environments of sorting and packing sectors proved to be inadequate for processing table grapes, mainly during summer. These packing houses should be modified to reach the optimal thermal environment, considering the regional climatic conditions. Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-15T13:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tonetto32017.pdf: 541827 bytes, checksum: 8b3ffed51f034cada7fc58354cb156b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-14

Genomic selection (GS) has recently been proposed as a new selection strategy which represents an innovative paradigm in crop improvement, now widely adopted in animal breeding. Genomic selection relies on phenotyping and high-density genotyping of a sufficiently large and representative sample of the target breeding population, so that the majority of loci that regulate a quantitative trait are in linkage disequilibrium with one or more molecular markers and can thus be captured by selection. In this study we address genomic selection in a practical fruit breeding context applying it to a breeding population of table grape obtained from a cross between the hybrid genotype D8909-15 (Vitis rupestris × Vitis arizonica/girdiana), which is resistant to dagger nematode and Pierce’s disease (PD), and ‘B90-116’, a susceptible Vitis vinifera cultivar with desirable fruit characteristics. Our aim was to enhance the knowledge on the genomic variation of agronomical traits in table grape populations for future use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and GS, by discovering a set of molecular markers associated with genomic regions involved in this variation. A number of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) were discovered but this method is inaccurate and the genetic architecture of the studied population was better captured by the BLasso method of genomic selection, which allowed for efficient inference about the genetic contribution of the various marker loci. The technology of genomic selection afforded greater efficiency than QTL analysis and can be very useful in speeding up the selection procedures for agronomic traits in table grapes.

Studies investigating oviposition preference of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) in table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated in the São Francisco River Valley can provide important information to guide control measures, therefore minimizing damage caused by this species in the region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oviposition preference of C. capitata females for berries cv. ?Italia? collected at five different times (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 d after production pruning [DAPP]), representing five grapevine growth stages. We also assessed the performance of immature stages of C. capitata regarding the physiological development of the berry. The total soluble solid content was significantly higher in berries at more advanced physiological developmental stages (90 and 100 DAPP). Conversely, these berries showed the lowest values of firmness and titratable acidity. With the onset of physiological development, the average number of punctures per berry increased and reached 5.2 per berry in 100 DAPP berries. The infestation level and pupal weight showed a positive correlation with the growth stage. The highest recovery of pupae was observed in 100 DAPP berries (1.54). Pupal viability values ranged from 50.9 to 64.7% independent of berry maturity stage. The physiological developmental stage of the berry did not affect offspring sex ratio. Results obtained suggest that regardless of the female preference for laying eggs on berries in a more advanced physiological developmental stage, females can initiate the attack to bunches of this cultivar at 60 DAPP, even if the berries have unfavorable physicochemical parameters for oviposition and development of larvae. Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-17T01:11:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dora2019.pdf: 260987 bytes, checksum: 0af251dd906340390ebad03c3f4e7555 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the incidence of gray mold of the new seedless table grape ‘BRS Vitoria’ grown under subtropical conditions, during the cold storage. Grape bunches were obtained from a commercial field trained on overhead trellis and located at Marialva, state of Parana (PR) (South Brazil). The trials were conducted on two consecutive seasons, regular and out of season crops of 2013. Grapes were subjected to the following treatments in a cold chamber: (i) cold storage at 0° (control); (ii) cold storage at 0 °C with SO2 pad; (iii) cold storage at 0° and inoculated with Botrytis cinerea suspension; (iv) cold storage at 0 °C with SO2 pad and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension. The randomized design was used as statistical model with four treatments and five replicates, with 20 bunches per plot. The incidence of gray mold on grapes was evaluated at 30 days after the beginning of cold storage and at 7 days at room temperature after the end of cold storage. Grape physicochemical variables, such as bunch mass, berry firmness, bunch mass loss, skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and SS/TA were evaluated at the beginning and 30 days after the period of cold storage. The results of this study showed that a good reduction of gray mold was achieved by SO2 during cold storage and shelf life periods. Also, bunch mass, berry firmness, mass loss, color, SS, TA and SS/TA of the grape tested was not negatively affected by SO2 treatment. A good control of gray mold could be achieved on ‘BRS Vitoria’ table grapes by sulfur dioxide during storage without affecting fruit quality.

A viticultura brasileira nasceu com a chegada dos colonizadores portugueses, tornando-se uma atividade comercial a partir do início do século XX. Houve absoluto predomínio do cultivo de uvas americanas até meados do século XX, quando se iniciou o plantio de videiras europeias. Até a década de 1960, a viticultura brasileira ficou limitada às regiões Sul e Sudeste. A partir daí, a uva alastrou-se como alternativa econômica em diversas regiões tropicais do País e ganhou nova dimensão nas zonas temperadas de cultivo. Atualmente, a área vitícola brasileira situa-se ao redor de 83.700 ha, com uma produção anual oscilando entre 1.300.000 e 1.400.000 toneladas. Destacam-se, pelo volume de produção, os Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, Pernambuco, Paraná, Bahia, Santa Catarina e Minas Gerais. A grande maioria das uvas e seus derivados são consumidos no mercado interno. O suco de uva concentrado e a uva de mesa são os principais produtos de exportação. A diversidade é a marca da viticultura brasileira: são diferentes condições ambientais, variados sistemas de cultivo e recursos genéticos com ampla variabilidade. Neste trabalho, é traçado o perfil da viticultura brasileira e são apresentados os principais avanços tecnológicos obtidos nas últimas décadas. Entre outros tópicos, destacam-se a criação de novas cultivares, o desenvolvimento de técnicas e sistemas de manejo da videira - especialmente para as zonas tropicais e o desenvolvimento de sistemas de certificação de produtos vitivinícolas.

Sultanine grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important commercial seedless table-grape varieties and the main source of seedlessness for breeding programs around the world. Despite its commercial relevance, little is known about the genetic control of seedlessness in grapes, remaining unknown the molecular identity of genes responsible for such phenotype. Actually, studies concerning berry development in seedless grapes are scarce at the molecular level. We therefore developed a representational difference analysis (RDA) modified method named Bulk Representational Analysis of Transcripts (BRAT) in the attempt to identify genes specifically associated with each of the main developmental stages of Sultanine grapevine berries. A total of 2400 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were identified and cloned by RDA according to three specific developmental berry stages. After sequencing and in silico analysis, 1554 (64.75%) TDFs were validated according to our sequence quality cut-off. The assembly of these expressed sequence tags (ESTs) yielded 504 singletons and 77 clusters, with an overall EST redundancy of approximately 67%. Amongst all stage-specific cDNAs, nine candidate genes were selected and, along with two reference genes, submitted to a deeper analysis of their temporal expression profiles by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Seven out of nine genes proved to be in agreement with the stage-specific expression that allowed their isolation by RDA. Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-27T00:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PlantScienceRevers2010.pdf: 520013 bytes, checksum: fe16ec2ebc986ea8d6298e5435908e08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010

Con el objetivo de evaluar el nivel de aceptabilidad para tres variedades tardías de uva de mesa, la Unidad de Comercialización y Divulgación Agraria del Departamento de Economía y Ciencias Sociales Agrarias (E.T.S.I.Agrónomos), de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, realizó la presente investigación en octubre de 1999. Se utilizó el análisis sensorial en Sala de Catas como herramienta para la evaluación del nivel de aceptabilidad de tres variedades de uva de mesa. Se puso énfasis en conocer las posibles diferencias de carácter sensorial entre las variedades Itália, Redglobe y Napoleón, variedades que coinciden en su época de cosecha y comercialización en España. En los análisis hechos, la variedad Itália fue la más preferida. El sabor, seguido de la jugosidad, fueron los elementos determinantes en el proceso de aceptación de la uva. Aiming to evaluate the acceptability level of three late varieties of table grape, the Unity of Comercialization and Agricultural Divulgation from the Department of Economy and Agricultural Social Science (E.T.S.I. Agrónomos), from the Politecnical University of Madri, accomplished this study in July 1999. The sensorial analysis was applied for the evaluation of the acceptability level of three varieties of table grape: Italy, Redglobe and Napoleon. This analysis attempted to know the possible differences of sensorial character among the varieties. In the Spanish orchards, these varieties reached the harvest ripening in the same period. The flavor, followed by the succulence, were the determinant elements in the process of accepting the grape.

Objetivou-se avaliar a ação do cloreto de cálcio na doçura pós-colheita de uvas 'Red Globe' (Vitis vinifera L) cultivadas em Jales, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, foram adotados os procedimentos: os cachos foram tratados por imersão durante 10 minutos em soluções CaCl2 0, 1, 2 e 3% e deixados por 30, 60 e 90 dias a uma temperatura de 0ºC a 3ºC, 90+ 3% de UR e 0,2 0,3 m/s de velocidade do ar, após os quais foram deixados em temperatura ambiente (20 a 25ºC), para avaliações aos 0, 3 e 6 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 3 (concentrações de CaCl2 x tempo de armazenamento refrigerado x tempo de armazenamento em temperatura ambiente) com três repetições. Foram feitas avaliações de açúcares redutores totais (g 100g -1), frutose (g 100g -1) e glicose (g 100g -1). Os teores de açúcares redutores totais, frutose e glicose dos frutos variaram com a aplicação de CaCl2, tempos de armazenamento a frio e em temperatura ambiente. Destaca-se a frutose cujos teores em todas as concentrações de CaCl2 (1, 2 e 3%), aos 30 e 60 dias de armazenamento refrigerado e 3 e 6 dias em temperatura ambiente, foram superiores aos teores dos frutos controle. Conclui-se que tratamentos com CaCl2 propicia às uvas melhor sabor, sendo indicada a concentração de CaCl2 2% e o armazenamento a frio por 60 dias e em temperatura ambiente até seis dias. This work was carried out with the aim of evaluating the calcium chloride influence on both post harvest sweetness of grapes 'Red Globe' (Vitis vinifera L) grown in Jales, in the northwest of São Paulo State. The procedures adopted were as follows: banches were treated in a CaCla2 1%, 2%, and 3% immersion for 10 minutes and then left at na 0º C tempereture, 90 + 3% relative humidity, and 0,2-0,3 m/s air speed for 30, 60, and 90 days after which they were left at room temperature (20 to 25º C) for evaluation. A ramdomized block design with a 4 x 3 x 3 (CaCl2 concentration x cold storage x room storage) factorial arrangement and three replications was used. Total reductor sugars (g 100g -1), fructosis (g 100g-1), and glicosis (g 100g-1) were evaluated. CaCl2 treatments as well as storage time at both cold and room temperature were found to cause total reductor sugars, fructosis, and glicosis content in the fruits to vary/differ/be at variance degree. Fructosis (outstanding) contents were found to be higher than those in the control fruits in all CaCl2 concentrations after both 30 and 60 storage days at cold temperature, and 3 and 6 days at room temperature. Conclusion can be made that CaCl2 treatments promote better flavour to grapes. The CaCl2 2% concentration, the cold storage for 60 days, and the room storage for up to 6 days should be used.

Combinations of the table grape cultivar 'Niabell' grafted on three rootstocks (IAC 572 'Jales', IAC 766 'Campinas' and 'Riparia do Traviu') were evaluated in a trial conducted at Jundiai (Sao Paulo State, Brazil). Data on grape plant phenology, yield and cluster weight were obtained using a randomized block design (3 treatments, 8 blocks and 3 plants/plot) during the years of 1999, 2000 and 2001. The experiment was installed in a trellis system, trained vineyard with wires and plants in a row spacing of 2 x 1 m. The duration of the phenological phase pruning-harvest lasted from 138 to 144 days. The average values of grape yield obtained for 'Niabell' grafted on 'IAC 766', 'Riparia do Traviu' and 'IAC 572' were, respectively, 2213, 2171 and 2013 g/plant. Cluster weight was higher for 'Niabell' grafted on 'IAC 766' (235,9 g).

Most of the postharvest losses on table grapes are related to the berry abscission and stem browning that affect the product appearance, reducing its commercial value and becoming a problem to table grapes production chain worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest application of foliar fertilizers, plant growth regulators or a mix of both on table grapes var. ‘Sweet Globe’ quality parameters. All treatments were applied in a volume of 100 L ha-1 after 75 days (pre-softening), 95 days (ten days before harvest) and 103 days (two days before harvest). The clusters were harvested at the commercial harvest maturity stage, packed and stored in a cold room (0 °C and 95% RH), being evaluated for berry abscission, stem browning, firmness, abscission force, soluble solids, acidity, stem dry matter, stem water activity and weight loss at harvest and at 14, 42 and 56 days of storage. Although there was no statistical difference from control, the pre-harvest application of Hold® + Gibberellin resulted in clusters with lower percentage of berry abscission and the application of Kamab® resulted in clusters with lower stem browning, both evaluated after 56 days of storage., Grande parte das perdas em pós-colheita de uva de mesa devem-se ao degrane de bagas e escurecimento da ráquis, o que prejudica a aparência do produto, reduzindo o seu valor comercial. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação pré-colheita de fertilizantes foliares, biorreguladores ou da mistura de ambos nesses parâmetros de qualidade em uvas de mesa da variedade ‘Sweet Globe’. Todos os produtos estudados foram aplicados no volume de calda de 100 L ha-1, aos 75 dias (pré-amolecimento), 95 dias (dez dias antes da colheita) e aos 103 dias (dois dias antes da colheita). Os cachos foram colhidos no ponto de colheita comercial, embalados e armazenados em câmara fria (0°C e 95% UR), sendo avaliados para os parâmetros de porcentagem de degrane, índice de escurecimento da ráquis, firmeza, tensão de abscisão, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez, matéria seca da ráquis, atividade de água da ráquis e perda de massa no momento da colheita e aos 14, 42 e 56 dias de armazenamento. Apesar de não diferirem estatisticamente do controle, a aplicação pré-colheita de Hold® + Giberelina resultou em cachos com menor porcentagem de degrane e a aplicação de Kamab® resultou em cachos com menor escurecimento da ráquis, ambos avaliados aos 56 dias de armazenamento.

En una explotación agrícola comercial de uva de mesa, se ensayaron dos tratamientos de riego extremos, un control (CTL) adecuadamente regado, y un secano (SEC), sin riego durante toda la estación de crecimiento, a excepción de un riego de socorro efectuado cuando el diámetro ecuatorial del grano de uva se redujo más de un 10% respecto a CTL, con el fin de determinar el comportamiento iso o anisohídrico de la variedad Crimson Seedless. Durante la fase fenológica de pre-envero los valores de potencial hídrico de tallo (Ψt, md) indicaron el carácter isohídrico de la variedad, manteniendo escasas diferencias entre tratamientos a pesar del déficit aplicado. Sin embargo, durante post-envero estas diferencias se incrementaron, lo que llevo a diferenciar el comportamiento estomático de la variedad en ambos periodos de crecimiento (antes y después del envero). Centro Universitario de la Defensa. Escuela de Turismo de Cartagena. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial UPCT. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT). Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos y Minas (EICM). Escuela de Arquitectura e Ingeniería de Edificación (ARQ&IDE). Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo. Navantia. Campus Mare Nostrum. Estación Experimental Agroalimentaria Tomás Ferro.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:47:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452001000300011.pdf: 90244 bytes, checksum: eec68d42eb5b1e9856b6ce77485f491e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:47:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452001000300011.pdf: 90244 bytes, checksum: eec68d42eb5b1e9856b6ce77485f491e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452001000300011.pdf: 90244 bytes, checksum: eec68d42eb5b1e9856b6ce77485f491e (MD5) S0100-29452001000300011.pdf.txt: 11857 bytes, checksum: 72da600a2c90cc460efbab6207d2fba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:30:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452001000300011.pdf: 90244 bytes, checksum: eec68d42eb5b1e9856b6ce77485f491e (MD5) S0100-29452001000300011.pdf.txt: 11857 bytes, checksum: 72da600a2c90cc460efbab6207d2fba6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452001000300011.pdf: 90244 bytes, checksum: eec68d42eb5b1e9856b6ce77485f491e (MD5) S0100-29452001000300011.pdf.txt: 11857 bytes, checksum: 72da600a2c90cc460efbab6207d2fba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-01 O experimento foi conduzido em vinhedo comercial da cv. Rubi, localizado na região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Teve, como objetivo, verificar o efeito do ethephon, aplicado antes da poda de produção, na porcentagem de desfolhamento, tempo de realização da poda, brotação dos ramos, produção da videira, tentando reduzir os custos, melhorando a produtividade e a qualidade. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de 7500ppm de ethephon, 20 dias antes da poda, foi o tratamento que proporcionou maior porcentagem de desfolhamento, menor tempo de realização da poda, maior porcentagem de gemas brotadas e maior produção. The experiment was carried in commercial vineyard of cultivar Ruby, located in the region northwest of São Paulo State. Had as objective, evaluating the effect of ethephon, applied before the pruning the production, in the percentage of defoliation, time of accomplishment of the pruning, shooting of the branches, production of the grapevine, tempt to reduce costs improving the productivity and the quality. It was concluded that the 7500 ppm the ethephon application, 20 days before the pruning, it was the treatment provide larger percentage of it defoliates, smaller time of accomplishment of the pruning, larger percentage of sprouted bud and larger production. UNESP FE Departamento de Fitotecnia, Tecnologia de Alimentos e Sócio-Economia UNESP FE Departamento de Fitotecnia, Tecnologia de Alimentos e Sócio-Economia

Exposition pendant le Symposium Internationale "Raisin de Table- Raisin sec", Héraklion-Gréce, 1982, Le raisin de table de la variété "Aledo" de Novelda ( Alicante ) a été entreposée au froid ,avec application de CO2 comme fongicide contre "Botrytis", sous forme de prétraitemets , chocs ou en atmosphère contrôlée. On provoque un enrichissement en acides due à la fixation de CO2 par les tissus, a partir de 60 jours d'entreposage. On confirme le problème des brunissements superficiel, qui affectent la qualité commerciale mais qu'ils sont efficaces pour le contrôle du "Botrytis cinerea" si préalablement sont traités par fumigation de thiabendazole.

En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado la efectividad de altos niveles de CO2 (20% CO2 durante 3 días) sobre la infección causada por B. cinerea y la calidad de uvas de mesa (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Cardinal’) durante su conservación a 0ºC. De los diferentes mecanismos moleculares activados por el pre-tratamiento gaseoso, se ha llevado a cabo el estudio de la expresión de genes que codifican para enzimas claves del metabolismo de los fenilpropanoides tales como la L-fenilalanina amonio-liasa (PAL), estilbeno sintasa (STS) y chalcona sintasa (CHS). Nuestros resultados indican que el pre-tratamiento mejoró la apariencia del racimo, mantuvo la calidad de la baya y controló eficazmente la infección fúngica. Asimismo, el patrón de expresión de la PAL, STS y CHS en las uvas tratadas con CO2 fue consistente con la reducción del deterioro natural de los frutos producido durante su conservación a 0ºC.

3 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 tablas., La famosa ‘Paradoja Francesa’ identificó al consumo de vino tinto como el responsable de una menor mortalidad por infarto de miocardio en la población de ciudades francesas como Toulouse, respecto a poblaciones inglesas como Glasgow, aunque ambas poblaciones tenían los mismos factores de riesgo (niveles altos de colesterol sérico, obesidad, consumo de tabaco y alta presión arterial) (Renaud; De Lorgeril, 1992)., Los autores agradecen a la Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología la financiación de estos trabajos (Proyecto ALI98-0681), al Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (Beca MIT F2).

Presentado oralmente en la Reunión Conjunta de la OIV- Comm. I: Viticulture y Comm.III: Economie viti-vinicole del IIF-Comm. C-2: Science et Technologie Alimentaires. Contiene DISCUSIÖN en la que participan 4 investigadores extranjeros y el coautor J.L. De la Plaza; 4 Tablas y 2 Figuras., The purpose of the work reported in this paper was to investigate the effect of low pressure on the commercial ripeness of the grape varieties "Ohanes" and "Napoleon " . Hypobaric pressures of 200, 310 and 420 Tprr and the atmospheric pressure were tested, with the air circulation maintained at 2 l/h and normal cold storage at 0ºC in all cases. [FR]Le présent rapport a pour but l'étude de l'influence des basses pressions sur la qualité marchande des variétés du raisin de table ,"Ohanes" et "Napoleón"

La demanda de agua por la agricultura entra en competencia, cada vez más, con las necesidades de la industria y de la población. Por eso, la búsqueda de nuevos suministros de agua es de interés. El empleo de las aguas residuales para el riego se ha practicado en muchos países, por ejemplo: Australia, Israel y EE.UU. En algunos casos, su aplicación al suelo se hace como un medio de depuración de estas aguas, ya que éste actúa como un filtro purificador. Las aguas residuales que entran en las plantas depuradoras proceden de tres fuentes: del efluente doméstico, del efluente industrial y del agua de escorrentía urbana o de la infiltración en el sistema sanitario de desagüe. La cantidad de agua residual producida por habitante en las ciudades varia con el nivel de vida y, por ejemplo, en EE.UU. oscila entre 200 y 600 litros/día, sin contar el agua de origen industrial.

[EN] During the last five years a decline of table grape plants has been noticed in nurseries, young plantations and vineyards of the Northeastern region of Brazil, where the management systems for grapevine production are adapted to the specific environmental conditions of a tropical viticulture. Samples of table grape plants showing decline symptoms were obtained from grapevine nurseries, young plantations and vineyards located in the São Francisco, Assú and Siriji Valleys in 2010, and were subjected to fungal isolation. Grapevine trunk pathogens were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Species recovered included Botryosphaeria mamane, Campylocarpon fasciculare, C. pseudofasciculare, Lasiodiplodia crassipora, L. parva, L. pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Pm. parasiticum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. They are all reported for the first time on grapevine in Brazil, with the exception of L. theobromae. Moreover, Botryosphaeria mamane, Lasiodiplodia parva and L. pseudotheobromae are reported for the first time on grapevine, and C. fasciculare is reported for the first time on the American continent., This research has been performed within the Programme VLC/Campus, Microcluster IViSoCa (Innovation for a Sustainable Viticulture and Quality), and was financially supported by the Project RTA2010- 00009-C03-03 (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, Spain), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by CAPES (Project 203/2009 - International Cooperation CAPES-Brazil/DGU-Spain). We are thankful to CAPES (Brazil) for the research fellowships granted to K. C. Correia and S. J. Michereff.

Desde el siglo XIX, la extensión de las grandes explotaciones agrícolas y la incorporación de las nuevas formas de trabajo capitalista hicieron pronosticar a muchos el fin inminente de la conocida como producción mercantil simple en agricultura. No obstante, y a pesar las enormes dificultades que han debido afrontar, los pequeños agricultores se resisten a abandonar su modo de vida, ensayando estrategias de supervivencia que les permitan mantener su independencia y su reconocimiento social, económico, político y cultural. Partiendo de este hecho, y en función de un análisis de tres estudios de caso paradigmáticos de agricultores de la uva de mesa en la comarca del Bajo Guadalentín (Murcia), el propósito de nuestra exposición será mostrar sus distintas estrategias de supervivencia, haciendo frente o coaligándose con las grandes empresas capitalistas, e intentando amoldarse a las cambiantes circunstancias del mercado global, Since the 19th century, the expansion of large agricultural holdings and the incorporation of new forms of capitalist work, made many scientists predict the imminent end of what is known as simple commodity production in agriculture. Nevertheless, despite the enormous difficulties they face, small farmers are reluctant to abandon their way of life, trying survival strategies that allow them to maintain their independence and their social, economic, political, and cultural recognition. Based on this fact, and according to an analysis of three case studies of self-employed farmers of table grapes in the region of Bajo Guadalentín (Murcia), this study seeks to show their different survival strategies, in competition or working with the large capitalist companies, trying to adapt their way of life to the changing circumstances of the global market.