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The paper analyzes modern methods for studying the staling process of flour confectionery products, namely, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning colorimetry. Since the crystalline structure of finished flour confectionery products is formed directly by starch, sugar and other carbohydrates, and the processes associated with the moisture content in them affect their storage. To conduct research on staling processes, the X-ray phase analysis method is used on a DRON-UM-1 diffractometer (Russia), and it revealed the degree and types of deformation of the crystal structure of substances. Diffraction maxima of starch are studied at reflection angles in the range of 10–30°. The objects of research are the «Bdzhilka» and «Imbyrni Pikantni» author’s gingerbreads, and the «Pivnichni» gingerbreads are chosen as the base sample for comparison. The gingerbread recipes contain the following raw materials: – «Bdzhilka» – peeled rye flour, fermented rye malt, artificial honey, sunflower oil, skimmed milk powder, apple butter, bee pollen, creeping thyme inflorescence powder; – «Imbyrni Pikantni» – peeled rye flour, rye malt extract, invert syrup, dried cheese whey, ginger root powder, elderberry inflorescence powder. As a result of X-ray phase analysis, the destruction degree of the starch crystal lattice in the pulp structure of the developed gingerbread is studied. The interaction of starch with other carbohydrates and their influence on the formation of the final crystalline structure of finished products and changes in the crystal structure during storage are analyzed. The processes of staling up of fresh gingerbread, after 2 and 4 months of storage, which are affected by the processes of self-association, hydrotreatment of mono- and disaccharides, degradation and retrograde of starch, are studied. The features of the staling process after 2 and 4 months of storage using the analysis of diffraction peak peaks are revealed. The retrogradation process of starch in finished products based on the obtained diffractograms is analyzed and the ability of the used natural additives in gingerbreads to extend their shelf life is proved. The results of these studies can be implemented in the confectionery industry in order to produce products with a long shelf life.

В настоящее время предприятия безалкогольной отрасли все чаще используют различные растения и плоды, обладающие естественными целебными свойствами, содержащие полезные для здоровья человека биологически активные вещества и поливитаминные комплексы. Рынок безалкогольных напитков все больше расширяется за счет разработки нового вида продукции функциональных напитков. Особенностью функциональных напитков является их высокая пищевая и вкусовая ценность, благодаря содержанию в них легко усвояемых углеводов, минеральных соединений, органических кислот и биологически активных веществ. В основу наших исследований положена традиционная технология, используемая на предприятиях республики для производства функциональных напитков «Шиповник» и «Боярышник» и один из наиболее перспективных способов интенсификации экстрагирования помощью УЗ воздействия. В ходе эксперимента были изучены схемы экстракции из сухого плодовоягодного сырья и дана оценка возможности их использования в качестве ресурсосберегающей технологии при производстве напитков из сушеных плодов шиповника и боярышника. Методы исследования: определение БАВ осуществляли методом капиллярного электрофореза с использованием системы Капель 105 «М», содержание экстрактивных веществ определяли с помощью рефрактометра марки ИРФ-454Б2М, для определения pH использовали ионометр марки «Эксперт-001». Определение микробиологических показателей исследуемых образцов проводилось по ГОСТ Р 50474-93 и ГОСТ 10444.12-88. Полученные данные соответствовали показателям нормы по количественному и качественному составу микрофлоры для экстрактов. Была проведена и дегустационная оценка экстрактов. Экспериментальные данные показали целесообразность проведения УЗэкстракции позволяющей максимально извлекать биологически активные вещества для функциональных напитков из нетрадиционного растительного сырья РА, а также повысить микробиологическую стойкость готовой продукции тем самым продлевая срок реализации функционального напитка., At present non-alcoholic industry enterprises are increasingly using various plants and fruits with natural healing properties, containing biologically active substances and multivitamin complexes that are useful for human health. The market of soft drinks is expanding due to the development of a new type of product-functional drinks. Functional drinks are characterized by high nutritional and taste value due to the content of easily digestible carbohydrates, mineral compounds, organic acids and biologically active substances. The research is based on the traditional technology used at the enterprises of the Republic for the production of “Shipovnik” and “Boyaryshnik” functional drinks and one of the most promising ways to intensify extraction using ultrasonic treatment. During the experiment extraction schemes from dry fruit raw materials have been studied and the possibility of their use as resource-saving technologies in the production of drinks from dried rosehips and hawthorn have been evaluated. The research methods used: determination of biologically active substances using capillary electrophoresis using Capel 105 “M” system, determination of the content of extractives using an IRF-454B2M refrac tome ter, and an Expert-001 ionometer has been used to determine the pH. Microbiological parameters of the studied samples have been determined according to GOSTR 50474-93 and GOST 10444.12-88. The data obtained correspond to norm indicators on the quantitative and qualitative composition of microflora for extracts. A tasting evaluation of the extracts has been carried out. The experimental data have shown the feasibility of ultrasonic extraction which allows the maximum extraction of biologically active substances for functional drinks from non-traditional vegetable raw materials of the RA, as well as to increase microbiological stability of a finished product, thereby extending the implementation period of the functional drink.