41 results on '"transporte de sedimentos"'
Search Results
2. Hysteresis analysis to quantify and qualify the sediment dynamics: state of the art
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Nadia Bernardi Bonumá, Masato Kobiyama, Simone Malutta, and Pedro Luiz Borges Chaffe
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Geologic Sediments ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,Sediment particle size ,Soil science ,02 engineering and technology ,Structural basin ,Present day ,01 natural sciences ,Histerese ,Turbidity ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Statistical analysis ,Uncertainty analysis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Hysteresis ,Revisão de literatura ,Sediment ,020801 environmental engineering ,Europe ,Hysteresis (economics) ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Environmental science ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
This work is a review of the use of hysteresis to quantify sediment discharge dynamics. We reviewed 71 journal articles from the year 1953 to the present day focusing on two topics: the factors that influence hysteresis; and hysteresis quantification. The main factors influencing hysteresis are: (a) magnitude and sequence of events; (b) sediment particle size distribution; (c) basin size; and (d) land use and sediment source. Hysteresis quantification can be done using several different methods that can be grouped as: (a) hysteresis indexes; (b) statistical analysis; and (c) uncertainty analysis. Most studies were conducted in Western Europe and the USA. The studies, in general, show how the factors listed above influence the shape and patterns of hysteresis. However, the sediment dynamics are complex, and the hysteresis patterns may be linked to many other factors, such as slope and drainage systems. The quantification of hysteresis still appears, mainly with the hysteresis index and statistical analysis. Therefore, there are still many other factors that influence hysteresis patterns, as well as hysteresis rates and uncertainty analyses.
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- 2020
3. Advance of research on the numerical simulation of sediment transport in the Yellow River estuary
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Huanzhen Chen and Jinfeng Jian
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resumen y perspectiva ,Estuario del río Amarillo ,Summary and Prospect ,transporte de sedimentos ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Numerical simulation ,The Yellow River estuary ,Sediment transport ,Humanities ,simulación numérica ,Geology - Abstract
The numerical simulation of sediment transport in the Yellow River estuary is an important method to quantitative analyze the problems by water and sediment movement, including sediment deposition and river bed evolution, beach deposition and development, the formation and development of the delta, and so on. Making an intensive study of the problems is useful to study the principles of sediment movement and the evolution law of the estuary bed, and it is also important significance to scientific demonstrate of the estuary sediment deposition, sea water intrusion prevention treatment scheme and solve the problems of engineering. Based on the mathematical modeling of sediment transport and our research work, this paper analyzes the research statement, the unsolved issues and the developed trend of this kind problem, to provide the theoretical reference on more accurate numerical simulation of sediment transport in the Yellow River estuary and the scientific reference on the demonstration and decision of estuarine regulation scheme. RESUMEN La simulación numérica del transporte de sedimentos en el estuario del río Amarillo es un método importante para analizar cuantitativamente los problemas por el movimiento del agua y los sedimentos, incluida la deposición de sedimentos y la evolución del lecho del río, la deposición y el desarrollo de las playas, la formación y el desarrollo del delta, y demás. Hacer un estudio intensivo de los problemas es útil para estudiar los principios del movimiento de sedimentos y la ley de evolución del lecho del estuario, y también es importante demostrar científicamente la deposición de sedimentos del estuario, el esquema de tratamiento de prevención de intrusiones de agua de mar y resolver los problemas de ingeniería. Basado en el modelo matemático del transporte de sedimentos y en nuestro trabajo de investigación, este estudio analiza la declaración de la investigación, los problemas no resueltos y la tendencia desarrollada de este tipo de problemas, para proporcionar la referencia teórica sobre una simulación numérica más precisa del transporte de sedimentos en el estuario del río Amarillo y la referencia científica sobre la demostración y decisión del esquema de regulación estuarina.
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- 2019
4. Bloqueio, cristalização, deformação e fluidização em meios granulares
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Cuñez Benalcazar, Fernando David, 1989, Franklin, Erick de Moraes, 1974, Jerolmack, Douglas J., Gontijo, Rafael Gabler, Cabezas-Gómez, Luben, Mady, Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Fluidized bed ,Aging ,Envelhecimento ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Leito fluidizado ,Cristalização ,Sediment transport ,Crystallization - Abstract
Orientador: Erick de Moraes Franklin Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado avalia o comportamento de materiais granulares quando a transição ao bloqueio começa em duas aplicações diferentes: leitos fluidizados estreitos e no início do transporte de sedimentos, por meio de experimentos de laboratório e simulações numéricas. No caso de leitos fluidizados estreitos, que basicamente são uma suspensão de grãos submetidos a um escoamento ascendente e cuja relação entre os diâmetros do tubo e das partículas é inferior a 10, há uma evolução espacial e temporal de diferentes padrões, cristalização e bloqueio que surgem devido aos efeitos de alto confinamento que o leito granular sofre dentro do tubo. Para uma distribuição monodispersa de grãos, os resultados apresentam a formação de plugs granulares que se propagam com comprimentos e celeridades características para uma dada velocidade do fluido; entretanto, se a velocidade do fluido diminui com uma determinada desaceleração, os grãos tendem a se cristalizar e a ficar presos mesmo para velocidades de fluido maiores do que aquelas para o começo da fluidização, que supostamente consegue manter os grãos fluidizados. Para uma distribuição bidispersa de grãos, as partículas sólidas coexistem e ocorre uma segregação por diâmetro e densidade, obtendo eventualmente uma inversão de camadas dentro do leito granular. Finalmente, os efeitos de alto confinamento podem ser intensificados ou modificados se alguns grãos forem colados. Os resultados fornecem, pela primeira vez, novos conhecimentos sobre as escalas de comprimento e celeridades dos plugs granulares, condições de fluidização, cristalização e bloqueio que ocorre neste tipo de leitos fluidizados. Para escoamentos horizontais, no caso do início do transporte de sedimentos, é examinada a propagação de uma frente de "desbloqueio", que marca a fronteira entre o leito móvel (bed-load) e o regime do tipo creeping. Ciclos de cisalhamento repetidos dão origem a um efeito de envelhecimento e endurecimento do leito granular, à medida que a camada do leito móvel se afina ao longo dos ciclos progressivos até um eventual regime permanente. Os resultados mostram que o envelhecimento resulta de dois efeitos: um componente isotrópico devido à compactação e um componente anisotrópico conectado às estruturas de contato entre os grãos alinhadas para resistir ao cisalhamento aplicado. Isso é demonstrado invertendo a direção do cisalhamento, onde o leito recupera parte de sua mobilidade inicial. Com uma taxa de cisalhamento consideravelmente maior ao cisalhamento crítico, os grãos são suspensos resultando na dilatação e na destruição das estruturas anisotrópicas. Os resultados explicam observações intrigantes de efeitos de histerese de leito móvel vistos em rios naturais e delineiam os regimes de transporte sob os quais a memória de leitos granulares é criada e destruída Abstract: This Ph.D. thesis evaluates the behavior of granular materials when the jamming transition begins in two different applications: narrow fluidized beds and the onset of sediment transport, by using laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. In the case of narrow fluidized beds, which are a suspension of grains submitted to an ascending fluid flow and whose ratio between the tube and particles diameter is less than 10, there is a spatial and temporal evolution of different patterns, crystallization and jamming, that emerge due to high confinement effects. For a monodisperse distribution of grains, the results show that it is possible to observe the formation of granular plugs that propagate with characteristic lengths and celerities at a given fluid velocity; however, if the fluid velocity is decreased with a given deceleration, grains tend to crystalize and to be jammed even for fluid velocities higher than those for incipient fluidization, supposed to maintain the grains fluidized. For a bidisperse distribution of grains, solid particles coexist and segregation by diameter and density occurs, leading eventually to a layer inversion inside the granular bed. Finally, the high confinement effects can be intensified or modified if some grains are bonded together. The results provide, for the first time, new insights into the length scales and celerities of the granular plugs, fluidization conditions, crystallization, and jamming in this type of fluidized beds. For horizontal flows, on the onset of sediment transport, the propagation of an "unjamming" front, which marks the boundary between the bed-load and the creeping regimes, is examined. Repeated shear cycles give rise to an aging effect, as the bed-load layer thins over progressive cycles to an eventual steady state. The results show that the aging results from two effects: an isotropic component due to compaction, and an anisotropic component connected to grain fabric structures aligned to resist the applied shear. This is demonstrated by reversing the direction of shear, where the bed recovers some of its initial mobility. Beyond a critical shear rate, grains are suspended, resulting in dilation and the destruction of anisotropic granular fabrics. The results explain puzzling observations of bed-load hysteresis effects seen in natural rivers and delineate the transport regimes under which memory is created and destroyed in sedimentary beds Doutorado Térmica e Fluídos Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica FAPESP 2016/18189-0, 2018/23838-3
- Published
- 2021
5. Using artificial neural networks to determine sediment concentration at limit of deposition in storm sewers
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Adhemar Romero and José Junji Ota
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Technology ,Flow (psychology) ,Soil science ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,GE1-350 ,Limit (mathematics) ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology ,TC401-506 ,Limite de deposição ,Artificial neural networks ,Artificial neural network ,Hydraulic engineering ,Sediment transport ,Limit of deposition ,Redes neurais artificiais ,Environmental sciences ,Mean absolute percentage error ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Multilayer perceptron ,Environmental science ,TC1-978 ,Deposition (chemistry) ,Arithmetic mean - Abstract
The concept of sediment transport at the limit of deposition in storm sewers represents one operational condition that avoid deposition of sediments maintaining the discharge capacity of the pipes. In this study, this condition was analyzed applying one Artificial Neural Network Multilayer Perceptron (ANN-MLP) model to predict the volumetric concentration at the limit of deposition, using 544 experimental data from literature. It was evaluated different input variables combinations and model configurations, showing the sensitivity of the model with these changes. Through this study, it was demonstrated that the proposed model outperforms the existing equations, leading to more assertive predictions in the determination of volumetric concentrations at the limit of deposition, resulting in values of R2 = 0.92, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) = 35.09 % and Mean Average Error (MAE) = 59.84 ppm. With the performed analysis, the study selects one equation to be used for extrapolations when determining the volumetric concentration at the limit of deposition in storm sewers. The selected equation is superior due to its theoretical basis. This work includes one more concept to a better methodology in obtaining the conditions of the flow at the limit of deposition. RESUMO O conceito de transporte de sedimentos no limite de deposição em galerias de drenagem representa uma condição operacional que evita deposição de sedimentos, mantendo a capacidade de descarga dos tubos. Neste trabalho, essa condição foi analisada aplicando uma Rede Neural Artificial Perceptron Multi Camadas (RNA-PMC) para a obtenção da concentração volumétrica no limite de deposição, utilizando 544 dados experimentais disponíveis na literatura. Foram avaliadas diferentes combinações de parâmetros de entrada e configurações do modelo, demonstrando sua sensibilidade para tais variações. Através do presente estudo é demonstrado que o modelo proposto supera o desempenho das equações existentes, levando a estimativas mais assertivas na determinação da concentração volumétrica no limite de deposição resultando valores de R2 = 0.92, Erro Percentual Absoluto Médio (MAPE) = 35.09% e Erro Absoluto Médio (MAE) = 59.84ppm. Com base nas análises realizadas, o estudo indica uma equação para uso em casos de extrapolações da concentração volumétrica no limite de deposição em galerias de drenagem. O uso da equação apontada está associado à base teórica utilizada em seu processo de obtenção. Este trabalho inclui, portanto, mais um conceito para uma melhor metodologia de se obter as condições de limite de deposição.
- Published
- 2021
6. CONECTIVIDADE DOS SEDIMENTOS: CONCEITOS, PRINCÍPIOS E APLICAÇÕES
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Aline da Silva Zanini, Masato Kobiyama, Franciele Zanandrea, Bruno Henrique Abatti, Gean Paulo Michel, and Leonardo Rodolfo Paul
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Connectivity ,QE1-996.5 ,hidrogeomorfologia ,hidrossedimentologia ,Connectivity Index ,Geology ,Hydrogeomorphology ,Conectividade hidrossedimentológica ,conectividade ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Geomorfologia ,índice de conectividade ,Hydrosedimentology ,Hidrossedimentologia ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
A conectividade de sedimentos pode ser entendida como a transferência de sedimentos entre diferentes compartimentos da paisagem através das relações entre seus componentes. Isso ocorre, principalmente, por meio da interação entre processos hidrológicos e sedimentológicos, os quais, por sua vez, são controlados por características geomorfológicas. O tema vem se tornando fundamental para o entendimento da dinâmica dos sedimentos em uma bacia hidrográfica, pois avalia a transferência dos sedimentos de maneira integrada e inovadora, considerando diferentes processos e características, diferindo das demais metodologias de estudo da dinâmica da paisagem. Consequentemente, muitas metodologias diferentes foram desenvolvidas em todo o mundo para avaliar a conectividade de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa. No entanto, entre esses estudos, diferentes terminologias foram adotadas. Grande parte das metodologias avalia a conectividade dos sedimentos a partir de aspectos estruturais (geomorfológicos) que distribuem no espaço as relações entre os componentes do sistema. Atualmente, são sugeridas abordagens utilizando aspectos funcionais (hidrológicos), que trazem dependência temporal para a conectividade. Entretanto, poucas metodologias inseriram as características do próprio sedimento nesta avaliação. Em relação aos estudos brasileiros, poucas investigações sobre conectividade foram realizadas, surgindo a necessidade de trabalhos considerando as características físicas das bacias brasileiras. A partir disso, a presente revisão discute, inicialmente, os diferentes conceitos de conectividade utilizados atualmente. Em seguida, resume e discute as metodologias desenvolvidas para avaliar a conectividade dos sedimentos, destacando as propriedades estruturais e funcionais relevantes para o estudo da conectividade. Adicionalmente, estudos de conectividade desenvolvidos em território brasileiro são apresentados. Conclui-se que, somente a partir de estudos que levem em conta a interação entre geomorfologia, hidrologia e sedimentologia, será possível uma avaliação integral da conectividade dos sedimentos. Ademais, a conectividade se apresenta como uma potencial ferramenta para o gerenciamento de bacias hidrográficas, trazendo avanços no entendimento da dinâmica dos sedimentos e, consequentemente, na evolução da paisagem. Sediment connectivity can be understood as the sediment delivery between different landscape compartments through the linkage of its components. This linkage occurs by hydrological and sedimentological processes interaction, which are controlled by geomorphological attributes. Connectivity is becoming essential for the understanding of sediment dynamic processes at catchment level, assessing sediment delivery in an integrated and novel way, considering different processes and landscape characteristics to route the sediment from the source to a sink. Consequently, different methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative, were developed around the worlds to assess connectivity. However, among these studies different terminologies were utilized. Most methodologies assess sediment connectivity utilizing structural (geomorphological) features, spatializing system components coupling relationships. Currently, some functional (hydrological) methodologies were created, introducing connectivity temporal dependence. However, few methodologies consider sediment attributes. In the regard of Brazilian studies, few connectivity investigations were undertaken. Therefore, more investigations considering Brazilian basins physiographic characteristics are necessary. Thus, this review discusses currently utilized sediment connectivity concepts. Then, summarizes and discusses developed methodologies for sediment connectivity assessment, highlighting relevant structural and functional properties. Additionally, connectivity studies developed in Brazil are shown. It’s concluded that sediment connectivity assessment can only be whole through the study of geomorphology, hydrology and sedimentology interaction. Also, connectivity is a potential tool for catchment management, contributing in the understanding of sediment dynamics and landscape evolution.
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- 2020
7. Controls on Early Cretaceous desert sediment provenance in south-west Gondwana, Botucatu Formation (Brazil and Uruguay)
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Juliana Charão Marques, José Carlos Frantz, Adrian J. Hartley, Gabriel Bertolini, Miguel Angelo Stipp Basei, Claiton Marlon dos Santos Scherer, and Átila Augusto Stock Da-Rosa
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010506 paleontology ,Gondwana ,Provenance ,TRANSPORTE DE SEDIMENTOS ,Desert (philosophy) ,Stratigraphy ,Geology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Humanities ,Cretaceous ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Shell Brasil through the ‘BG05: UoA‐UFRGS‐SWB Sedimentary Basins’ project at UFRGS and the strategic importance given by ANP through the R&D levy regulation. The authors would like to thank Renan Guilherme de Souza and Adriano Reis for help in Tacuarembo/Uy Field Trip. This work is part of the current dual‐degree PhD from Gabriel Bertolini at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and University of Aberdeen. We thank the editors, and Dr Eduardo Garzanti, Dr Luca Caracciolo and Dr Sebastian Oriolo for their kind and constructive reviews. We thank to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) by the financial support (Grant: 203786/2017‐3).
- Published
- 2020
8. Distribución espacio-temporal de los deslizamientos y erosión hídrica en una cuenca Andina tropical
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Vanacker, Veerle, Guns, Marie, Clapuyt, Francois, Balthazar, Vincent, Tenorio, Gustavo, Molina, Armando, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate
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Gauging stations ,erosión de suelo ,cambio del uso de la tierra ,Cambio del uso de la tierra ,El Niño Southern Oscillation ,el niño southern oscillation ,andes tropicales ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,nucleidos cosmogénicos ,Cosmogenic nuclides ,eventos extremos ,extreme event ,Land use change ,Erosión de suelo ,Tropical Andes ,transporte de sedimentos ,El Nino Southern Oscillation ,Sediment transport ,Estaciones de aforo ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Soil erosion ,estaciones de aforo ,lcsh:Ecology ,Eventos extremos ,Nucleidos cosmogénicos ,Andes tropicales - Abstract
Tropical mountain regions are prone to high erosion rates, due to the occurrence of heavy rainfall events and intensely weathered steep terrain. Landslides are a recurrent phenomenon, and often considered as the dominant erosion process on the hillslopes and the main source of sediment. Quantifying the contribution of landslide-derived sediment to the overall sediment load remains a challenge. In this study, we derived catchment-average erosion rates from sediment gauging data and cosmogenic radionuclides (CRN), and examined their reliability and validity for constraining sediment yields in tectonically active regions. Then, we analysed the relationship between catchment-average erosion rates and landslide-derived sediment fluxes. The Pangor catchment, located in the western Andean mountain front, was selected for this study given its exceptionally long time series of hydrometeorological data (1974-2009). When including magnitude-frequency analyses of the sediment yields at the measurement site, the corrected gauging-based sediment yields remain one order of magnitude lower than the CRN-derived erosion rates. The underestimation of catchment-average erosion rates from gauging data points to the difficulty of extrapolating flow frequency and sediment rating data in non-stationary hydrological regimes, and severe undersampling of extreme events. In such conditions, erosion rates derived from cosmogenic radionuclides are a reliable alternative method for the quantification of catchment-average sediment yield. Landslide inventories from remote sensing data (1963-2010) and field measurements of landslide geometries are the input data for the derivation of landslide-derived sediment fluxes. The landslide-related erosion rates of 1688+901−326 and 630+300−108 t.km2.y-1 are similar to the CRN-derived erosion rates, likely indicating that landslides are the main source of sediment in this mountainous catchment. Las cadenas montañosas en las regiones tropicales se caracterizan por las altas tasas de erosión debido a los eventos de lluvia intensa, terrenos escarpados y al alto grado de meteorización del material parental. Los deslizamientos son fenómenos recurrentes, y son considerados como los procesos más importantes de erosión en las zonas montañosas y las principales fuentes de sedimentos en el sistema fluvial. Con el objetivo de cuantificar la contribución de sedimentos provenientes de los deslizamientos al sistema fluvial, se realizó un estudio de caso en la Cuenca del Río Pangór, Ecuador. En este estudio, se cuantificó las tasas de erosión a escala de cuenca por medio de información derivada de estaciones de aforo de caudales e inventarios de isótopos cosmogénicos en sedimentos fluviales. Después, se evaluó la fiabilidad y validez de la información obtenida con el objetivo de cuantificar la carga de sedimento transportado por el río en regiones montañosas. Finalmente, se analizó la fracción de la carga total de sedimento proveniente de deslizamientos en las laderas. La cuenca del Río Pangór fue seleccionada por su extensa serie de tiempo de datos hidrometeorológicos (1974-2009). La carga de sedimento en el Río Pangór fue estimada por medio de un análisis de magnitudfrecuencia de la información recolectada en una estación hidrométrica y datos de concentración de sedimentos en suspensión. Los resultados muestran un valor de un orden de magnitud menor que la tasa de erosión calculada en función de los inventarios de isótopos cosmogénicos. Esta diferencia se explica por (i) la dificultad de extrapolar la información sobre la frecuencia temporal de los caudales y la carga de sedimento en regímenes hidrológicos no estacionarios, y (ii) el submuestreo de eventos extremos. Bajo estas condiciones, la cuantificación de las tasas de erosión derivadas de los isótopos cosmogénicos proporcionan una metodología alternativa para la cuantificación de la carga total de sedimentos en el sistema fluvial. Un inventario multitemporal (1963-2010) de deslizamientos fue desarrollado a partir de imágenes de satélite y fotografías aéreas. Mediante trabajo de campo se generó información sobre la geometría de los deslizamientos para la cuantificación de volúmenes de sedimento producido por los deslizamientos. En la cuenca del Río Pangór las altas tasas de erosión producida por los deslizamientos varían entre 1688+901−326 y 630+300−108 t.km2.y-1, valores que son similares a las tasas de erosión derivadas de isotopos cosmogénicos. Los resultados indican que los deslizamientos son las principales fuentes de sedimento en esta cuenca montañosa.
- Published
- 2020
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9. Distribución vertical de sedimentos en suspension en la zona de desembocadura del Rio Magdalena, Colombia
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Luis J. Otero, Juan Carlos Ortiz, Aldemar Higgins, Mario Conde, and Juan Camilo Restrepo
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,transporte de sedimentos ,Sediment ,02 engineering and technology ,número de Rouse ,Colombia ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,velocidad de sedimentación ,01 natural sciences ,Sediment concentration ,020801 environmental engineering ,Settling ,tensión de corte ,Shear stress ,Shear velocity ,Río Magdalena ,Suspension (vehicle) ,Sediment transport ,Geomorphology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Bed load - Abstract
RESUMEN Se utilizaron mediciones verticales de velocidad y concentración de sedimentos en suspensión obtenidas en dos épocas climáticas en la desembocadura del Río Magdalena, Colombia, para estimar: 1) la velocidad de corte, tensión de corte y altura de rugosidad mediante la ley de Wall o ecuación logarítmica, 2) velocidad de caída del grano, mediante ajuste con las distribuciones de Rouse, ecuación modificada de Rouse y perfiles verticales de la concentración de sedimentos en suspensión, y 3) con los parámetros estimados se determinó el transporte de sedimentos de fondo con las formulaciones de Meyer-Peter & Müller (1948), Nielsen (1992) y Ribberink (1998). A partir de los parámetros estimados, se obtuvo un número de Rouse significativamente
- Published
- 2017
10. Análisis de la influencia de parámetros geométricos y sedimentológicos en bypass de arena en playas con estructuras
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Hernández Cortés, Gustavo Adolfo, González Rodríguez, Ernesto Mauricio, Pellón de Pablo, Erica, and Universidad de Cantabria
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Estructuras ,Numerical models ,Bypass ,Playas ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Beach ,Modelos ,Sediment transport ,Structures - Abstract
Máster en Ingeniería costera y portuaria
- Published
- 2019
11. Luminescence as a sediment tracer and provenance tool
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Shannon A. Mahan, André Oliveira Sawakuchi, Mayank Jain, Gregory E. Tucker, and Harrison J. Gray
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Provenance ,TRANSPORTE DE SEDIMENTOS ,Geophysics ,Optically stimulated luminescence ,TRACER ,Mineralogy ,Sediment ,Luminescence ,Thermoluminescence ,Sediment transport ,Geology - Abstract
Luminescence holds unique potential as a sediment tracer and provenance method. The tracer application of luminescence has key advantages including ease of measurement, relatively low cost, and applicability to geologically ubiquitous quartz and feldspar sand and silt. These advantages can help answer fundamental questions about geomorphology, sediment transport, sediment production, and the tectonic/climatic controls on source-to-sink sedimentary systems. There is a notable body of research on luminescence as a sediment tracer. These tracer methods range from identifying source locations based on unique luminescence characteristics, to observing changes in luminescence characteristics with transport, to using residual luminescence to infer rates of transport. Previous applications of luminescence include provenance and quantification of fluvial transport rate, tracing of coastal longshore drift, estimations of mixing rates in soil or sediment, and provenance of wind-blown deposits. The few studies that compare luminescence methods with nonluminescence tracer methods show good agreement. However, more work is needed to test the application of luminescence tracers in sediments. Future research directions should focus on comparing luminescence-based with nonluminescence tracer methods. Furthermore, research is needed on the effects of specific geomorphic processes on luminescence characteristics and residual doses. While there is significant potential for future research, luminescence is already a useful sediment tracer and provenance tool applicable to a wide range of geomorphic environments.
- Published
- 2019
12. Optimización de los sistemas de captación de fondo con alto contenido de transporte de sedimentos
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Patricia Lorena, Haro Ruiz, Castillo Elsitdie, Luis G., García Bermejo, Juan Tomás, and Ingeniería Minera y Civil
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3305.15 Ingeniería Hidráulica ,Ingeniería hidráulica ,Longitud de reja ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Rejas de fondo ,Ingeniería Hidráulica - Abstract
[SPA] Los sistemas de captación de fondo se han utilizado para derivar agua en zonas de ríos de montaña caracterizados por tener fuertes pendientes longitudinales y gran variación de caudales con alto contenido de sedimentos (Krochin, 1978), probando ser alternativas técnicas y económicas por su bajo costo de operación y mantenimiento. La eficiencia de este tipo de captaciones también se ha estudiado en regiones semiáridas para aprovechar caudales de escorrentía en tiempos de lluvias (Castillo y Lima, 2010; Castillo et al., 2016; García, 2016). A pesar de los estudios que se han realizado para caracterizar el comportamiento de flujo en estos sistemas, aún se mantienen algunas interrogantes como la influencia de la geometría de la reja en la definición del coeficiente de descarga o el efecto que produce el arrastre de sedimentos en la capacidad de captación del sistema. Es así como este estudio continúa el trabajo realizado por García (2016) con sistemas de captación de fondo con rejas de barras tipo T, al investigar las características de sistemas con rejas de barras circulares. Siguiendo la metodología desarrollada por García (2016) en su tesis doctoral, se realizaron mediciones en modelo físico para caracterizar el perfil de flujo, el coeficiente de descarga, y la capacidad de derivación de la reja cuando existe transporte de sedimentos. Con estos estudios en modelo físico y la información disponible en la literatura técnica, se propone un software de dimensionamiento de rejas para sistemas de captación de fondo que pueda ser utilizada como una herramienta de diseño. [ENG] Bottom intake systems have been used to obtain water in countries with mountain rivers which are characterized by having steep longitudinal slopes and great variationof flows with high sediment content (Krochin, 1978), proving to be a technical and economic alternative due to their low cost of maintenance and operation. The efficiency of this type of intakes has also been studied in semi-arid regions, to derivate runoff flows in rainy seasons (Castillo & Lima, 2010; Castillo et al., 2016, Garcia, 2016). Despite all the studies that have been carried out to characterize the behavior of the flow in these systems, some questions remain such as the influence of the bottom rack geometry in the definition of the discharge coefficient of the rack or the effect produced by the sediment transport in the derivation capacity of the system. This study continues the work developed by Garcia (2016) with T-shape bars rack and different void ratios analizing the characteristics of the bottom intake systems with circular bars rack. Following the methodology proposed by Garcia (2016), several laboratory campaigns were developed to characterize the flow profile, the discharge coefficient, and the derivation capacity of the rack when sediment transport is present. In addition to these laboratory measurements, the information available in the technical literature is compiled and a rack sizing software is proposed for the bottom intake systems that can be used as a design tool. Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Programa de Doctorado en Tecnología y Modelización en Ingeniería Civil, Minera y Ambiental por la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
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- 2019
13. Distribución espacio-temporal de los deslizamientos y erosión hídrica en una cuenca Andina tropical
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Veerle Vanacker, Marie Guns, Francois Clapuyt, Vincent Balthazar, Gustavo Tenorio, and Armando Molina
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Gauging stations ,erosión de suelo ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,cambio del uso de la tierra ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Drainage basin ,Terrain ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,el niño southern oscillation ,andes tropicales ,nucleidos cosmogénicos ,Cosmogenic nuclides ,eventos extremos ,Hydrometeorology ,extreme event ,Land use change ,QH540-549.5 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Hydrology ,Radionuclide ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Tropical Andes ,Ecology ,transporte de sedimentos ,Front (oceanography) ,Sediment ,Landslide ,Sediment transport ,020801 environmental engineering ,Soil erosion ,Erosion ,Environmental science ,estaciones de aforo - Abstract
Tropical mountain regions are prone to high erosion rates, due to the occurrence of heavy rainfall events and intensely weathered steep terrain. Landslides are a recurrent phenomenon, and often considered as the dominant erosion process on the hillslopes and the main source of sediment. Quantifying the contribution of landslide-derived sediment to the overall sediment load remains a challenge. In this study, we derived catchment-average erosion rates from sediment gauging data and cosmogenic radionuclides (CRN), and examined their reliability and validity for constraining sediment yields in tectonically active regions. Then, we analysed the relationship between catchment-average erosion rates and landslide-derived sediment fluxes. The Pangor catchment, located in the western Andean mountain front, was selected for this study given its exceptionally long time series of hydrometeorological data (1974-2009). When including magnitude-frequency analyses of the sediment yields at the measurement site, the corrected gauging-based sediment yields remain one order of magnitude lower than the CRN-derived erosion rates. The underestimation of catchment-average erosion rates from gauging data points to the difficulty of extrapolating flow frequency and sediment rating data in non-stationary hydrological regimes, and severe undersampling of extreme events. In such conditions, erosion rates derived from cosmogenic radionuclides are a reliable alternative method for the quantification of catchment-average sediment yield. Landslide inventories from remote sensing data (1963-2010) and field measurements of landslide geometries are the input data for the derivation of landslide-derived sediment fluxes. The landslide-related erosion rates of 1688+901−326 and 630+300−108 t.km2.y-1 are similar to the CRN-derived erosion rates, likely indicating that landslides are the main source of sediment in this mountainous catchment., Las cadenas montañosas en las regiones tropicales se caracterizan por las altas tasas de erosión debido a los eventos de lluvia intensa, terrenos escarpados y al alto grado de meteorización del material parental. Los deslizamientos son fenómenos recurrentes, y son considerados como los procesos más importantes de erosión en las zonas montañosas y las principales fuentes de sedimentos en el sistema fluvial. Con el objetivo de cuantificar la contribución de sedimentos provenientes de los deslizamientos al sistema fluvial, se realizó un estudio de caso en la Cuenca del Río Pangór, Ecuador. En este estudio, se cuantificó las tasas de erosión a escala de cuenca por medio de información derivada de estaciones de aforo de caudales e inventarios de isótopos cosmogénicos en sedimentos fluviales. Después, se evaluó la fiabilidad y validez de la información obtenida con el objetivo de cuantificar la carga de sedimento transportado por el río en regiones montañosas. Finalmente, se analizó la fracción de la carga total de sedimento proveniente de deslizamientos en las laderas. La cuenca del Río Pangór fue seleccionada por su extensa serie de tiempo de datos hidrometeorológicos (1974-2009). La carga de sedimento en el Río Pangór fue estimada por medio de un análisis de magnitudfrecuencia de la información recolectada en una estación hidrométrica y datos de concentración de sedimentos en suspensión. Los resultados muestran un valor de un orden de magnitud menor que la tasa de erosión calculada en función de los inventarios de isótopos cosmogénicos. Esta diferencia se explica por (i) la dificultad de extrapolar la información sobre la frecuencia temporal de los caudales y la carga de sedimento en regímenes hidrológicos no estacionarios, y (ii) el submuestreo de eventos extremos. Bajo estas condiciones, la cuantificación de las tasas de erosión derivadas de los isótopos cosmogénicos proporcionan una metodología alternativa para la cuantificación de la carga total de sedimentos en el sistema fluvial. Un inventario multitemporal (1963-2010) de deslizamientos fue desarrollado a partir de imágenes de satélite y fotografías aéreas. Mediante trabajo de campo se generó información sobre la geometría de los deslizamientos para la cuantificación de volúmenes de sedimento producido por los deslizamientos. En la cuenca del Río Pangór las altas tasas de erosión producida por los deslizamientos varían entre 1688+901−326 y 630+300−108 t.km2.y-1, valores que son similares a las tasas de erosión derivadas de isotopos cosmogénicos. Los resultados indican que los deslizamientos son las principales fuentes de sedimento en esta cuenca montañosa.
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- 2020
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14. Depositional provinces, dispersal, and origin of terrigenous sediments along the SE South American continental margin
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Aline Govin, Sebastian Razik, Tilo von Dobeneck, Cristiano Mazur Chiessi, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Environmental magnetism ,Terrigenous sediment ,Sediment ,Geology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Deposition (geology) ,Coastal erosion ,Sedimentary depositional environment ,TRANSPORTE DE SEDIMENTOS ,Paleontology ,Continental margin ,[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Sediment transport ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
International audience; Continental margin sediments of SE South America originate from various terrestrial sources, each conveying specific magnetic and element signatures. Here, we aim to identify the sources and transport characteristics of shelf and slope sediments deposited between East Brazil and Patagonia (20°-48°S) using enviromagnetic, major element, and grain-size data. A set of five source-indicative parameters (i.e., χ fd %, ARM/IRM, S 0.3T , SIRM/Fe and Fe/K) of 25 surface samples (16-1805 m water depth) was analyzed by fuzzy c-means clustering and non-linear mapping to depict and unmix sediment-province characteristics. This multivariate approach yields three regionally coherent sediment provinces with petrologically and climatically distinct source regions. The southernmost province is entirely restricted to the slope off the Argentinean Pampas and has been identified as relict Andean-sourced sands with coarse unaltered magnetite. The direct transport to the slope was enabled by Rio Colorado and Rio Negro meltwaters during glacial and deglacial phases of low sea level. The adjacent shelf province consists of coastal loessoidal sands (highest hematite and goethite proportions) delivered from the Argentinean Pampas by wave erosion and westerly winds. The northernmost province includes the Plata mudbelt and Rio Grande Cone. It contains tropically weathered clayey silts from the La Plata Drainage Basin with pronounced proportions of fine magnetite, which were distributed up to~24°S by the Brazilian Coastal Current and admixed to coarser relict sediments of Pampean loessoidal origin. Grain-size analyses of all samples showed that sediment fractionation during transport and deposition had little impact on magnetic and element source characteristics. This study corroborates the high potential of the chosen approach to access sediment origin in regions with contrasting sediment sources, complex transport dynamics, and large grain-size variability.
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- 2015
15. Análise da descarga sólida em suspensão na Bacia do Riacho Fundo, Brasília - DF
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Marcelo Ribeiro Ferreira Aguiar and Roig, Henrique Llacer
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Transporte de sedimentos ,Córregos ,Bacias hidrográficas - Distrito Federal (Brasil) ,Hidrossedimentologia - Abstract
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, 2015. Devido ao grande crescimento populacional, o uso e ocupação desordenados do solo, vários problemas ambientais começam a ser diagnosticados, como problemas de quantidade e qualidade das águas em reservatórios. O Brasil, país com mais de 90% de energia elétrica provida por hidrelétricas além dos mananciais de abastecimento serem eminentemente superficiais, tem sofrido com evento de escassez hídrica, como no caso de São Paulo, que além da falta de chuvas, chuvas isoladas de alta intensidade têm causado transtorno a população. Outro fator importante associado ao ciclo hidrológico são os processos erosivos e o acumulo de sedimentos que podem, entre outros problemas, causar a diminuição do volume útil dos reservatórios e influenciar na qualidade das suas águas. Neste contexto, o objetivo geral foi determinar a descarga sólida que aporta o Lago Paranoá, proveniente da Bacia do Riacho Fundo, uma das bacias mais degradas do DF. O trabalho foi realizado na Estação Montante Zoológico, localizada próximo ao exutório da bacia do Riacho Fundo. Devido as condições hidrológicas da Bacia, o emprego da metodologia convencional recomendada pela Agência Nacional de Águas – ANA não permite a determinação da descarga sólida, durante o ciclo hidrológico, principalmente durante os eventos de cheia. Deste modo, métodos alternativos foram empregados, os quais foram: Uma vertical central por integração, pontual central superficial, turbidez e amostragem automática, coletados com amostrador automático ISCO 3700. Com o método alternativo de uma vertical central por integração foi obtido valores próximos do método clássico e tradicional, coeficiente de correlação de 91% e baixos valores de resíduo. Para o método pontual central da superfície o coeficiente de correlação foi de 93%, porém com altos valores de resíduos. Portanto, há uma subestimação dos valores quando relacionado ao método tradicional não sendo, a princípio, um método viável para monitoramento em rios. Neste trabalho foi possível obter uma boa relação cota, vazão e transporte de sedimentos. Foi estimada a produção de sedimentos para quatro anos hidrológicos que resultou uma produção expressiva, assim foram elaboradas curvas-chave significativas entre vazão e descarga sólida. Nas curvas-chave de sedimento para a estação estudada, correlação de 62% para vazões baixas e 85% para vazões altas. Due to the large population growth and the disordered use and occupation of the soil, many environmental problems started to be diagnosed, such as problems of quantity and quality of the water in reservoirs. Brazil, a country with more than 90% of electricity provided by hydroelectric power plants in addition to an eminently shallow supply source, has suffered from water shortage events, as in the case of São Paulo where, besides the lack of rains, scattered rains of high intensity have caused inconvenience to the population. Other important factors associated with the hydrological cycle are the processes of erosion and the accumulation of sediments that can, among other problems, cause the decrease in the volume of reservoirs and influence the quality of its waters. In this context, the general objective was to determine the solid discharge provided by the Paranoá Lake, from the Riacho Fundo Basin, one of the most degraded basins of Distrito Federal. The work was carried out at the Montante Zoológico Station, located near the Riacho Fundo Basin mouth. Due to the hydrological conditions of the Basin, the use of conventional methodology recommended by the National Water Agency – ANA does not allow the determination of solid discharge during the hydrological cycle, particularly during the rising water level events. Thus, alternative methods were employed, such as: the midstream vertical integration, the punctual superficial midstream, turbidity and automatic sampling, collected with a ISCO 3700 automatic sampler. With the alternative method of central vertical integration, we obtained values close to the classic and traditional method, a correlation coefficient of 91% and low residue values. For the punctual method, the correlation coefficient was 93%, with high residue values, however. Therefore, there is an underestimation of the values when related to the traditional method, not being, at first, a viable method for monitoring in rivers. In this work it was possible to obtain a good river stage, flow and sediment transport ratio. Sediment production was estimated for four hydrological years, which resulted in a significant production. Thus, significant key curves were made between flow and solid discharge. On the sediment key curves for the studied station, there was a correlation of 62% for low flows and 85% for high flows.
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- 2017
16. Eco-geomorphological dynamics in contrasting Mediterranean rivers with different degrees of flow regulation
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Lobera Galán, Gemma, Batalla, Ramon J., Vericat Querol, Damià, and Universitat de Lleida. Departament de Medi Ambient i Ciències del Sòl
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Transporte de sedimentos ,Benthic invertebrates ,Preses ,Macroinvertebrats ,Transport de sediments ,Geografia Física ,Presas ,Sediment transport ,Macroinvertebrados ,Dams - Abstract
Aquesta tesi analitza l’efecte de les preses sobre el règim de cabals, el transport de sediments, la mobilitat de la llera, i la comunitat de macroinvertebrats en rius Mediterranis de la Península Ibèrica a diferents escales espacio-temporals. A gran escala espacio-temporal, els resultats mostren que la regulació modifica el règim de cabals reduint la magnitud i la freqüència de les crescudes. Aquest fet, juntament amb la disminució de l’aportació de sediments des d’aigües amunt, produeix una pèrdua de barres sedimentaries que són ocupades per la vegetació causant una ràpida estabilització la llera, limitant el dinamisme del riu i pot contribuir a la degradació de l’ecosistema fluvial. A petita escala (els rius Ésera i Siurana) es comprova que els embassaments retenen fins el 90% de la càrrega de sediment en suspensió, però l’aportació hídrica només es redueix en el cas de l’Ésera. En els trams d’aigües amunt, les partícules de la llera són mobilitzades de forma freqüent i s’observen canvis morfològics després de cada crescuda, mentre que els trams d'aigües avall es mantenen estables. En el cas del Siurana aquests canvis causen diferències notables en la composició taxonòmica dels macroinvertebrats, encara que la riquesa d’espècies es manté intacte. La densitat i la biomassa augmenten aigües avall però la biodiversitat disminueix. La tesi descriu i quantifica canvis en l’estructura bio-física i el funcionament de l’ecosistema fluvial en rius Mediterranis regulats i proporciona informació inèdita fins ara en el camp de la Eco-Geomorfologia., Esta tesis analiza el efecto de las presas sobre el régimen de caudales, el transporte de sedimentos, la morfología y la movilidad del cauce, y la comunidad de macroinvertebrados en ríos Mediterráneos de la Península Ibérica a diferentes escalas espacio-temporales. A gran escala espacio-temporal, los resultados muestran una reducción generalizada de la magnitud y la frecuencia de las crecidas que, juntamente con la reducción del suministro de sedimentos, produce una pérdida de barras que son ocupadas por la vegetación, hecho que estabiliza el cauce fluvial, limitando el dinamismo del lecho del río y puede contribuir a la degradación del ecosistema fluvial. En pequeña escala (los ríos Ésera y Siurana) se comprueba que los embalses retienen hasta el 90% de la carga de sedimentos en suspensión, aunque la aportación hídrica solo se reduce en Ésera. En los tramos de aguas arriba, las partículas del lecho son movilizadas frecuentemente y se observan cambios morfológicos después de cada crecida, mientras que los tramos de aguas abajo se mantienen estables. En el Siurana, estos cambios provocan diferencias significativas en la composición taxonómica de los macroinvertebrados en el Siurana, aunque la riqueza de especies se mantiene prácticamente intacta. Por otro lado, la densidad y la biomasa aumentan aguas abajo pero la biodiversidad disminuye. La tesis describe y cuantifica cambios en la estructura bio-física y el funcionamiento del ecosistema fluvial en ríos Mediterráneos regulados y proporciona información inédita en el campo de la Eco-Geomorfología., The effects of dams on river flow regimes, sediment transport, channel morphology, bed mobility and macroinvertebrate communities were studied in Mediterranean rivers of the Iberian Peninsula at multiple temporal and spatial scales. At the large spatio-temporal scales, results show that regulation changes their flow regimes, with a generalized reduction in flood magnitude and frequency. This, in addition to the decrease in downstream sediment supply, results in the loss of active bars as they are encroached by vegetation (channel stabilization). Geomorphic stabilization limits riverchannel dynamics and may contribute to the environmental degradation of the fluvial ecosystem. At the small scale (the Ésera and the Siurana rivers), the reservoirs trap up to 90% of the suspended load, although total runoff is only reduced in the Ésera. In the upstream reaches, riverbed material is frequently entrained and morphological changes were observed following floods, while the downstream reaches were stables. In the Siurana, damming causes significant differences in taxonomic composition of the benthic invertebrate communities, but the species richness remained almost the same. Density and biomass increase notably below the dam although diversity decreases. The thesis describes and quantifies changes on the bio-physical structure and functioning of the fluvial ecosystem in dammed Mediterranean rivers and provides comprehensive insights in the field of the Eco-Geomorphology.
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- 2017
17. Análisis de bypass de sedimentos en estructuras
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Costas Gómez, Raquel, González Rodríguez, Ernesto Mauricio, Pellón de Pablo, Erica, and Universidad de Cantabria
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Tasa bypass ,Bypass distribution ,Estructuras ,Numerical models ,Bypass ,Beach ,Bypass rate ,Distribución de bypass ,Sediment transport ,Modelos numéricos ,Playas ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Structures - Abstract
RESUMEN: Está comprobado que las estructuras costeras constituyen una perturbación del sistema morfológico natural (Kristensen, Dronen, Deigaard, & Elfrink, 2017). En general, la presencia de estructuras conducirá a un avance de la costa aguas arriba y la erosión de la línea de costa aguas abajo de la estructura (DHI, 2016). Para conocer el funcionamiento es imprescindible modelar el comportamiento del sistema. IHCantabria está desarrollando un modelo numérico de evolución de línea de costa llamado CHRONOS y una de las mejoras que aportará CHRONOS frente a otros modelos es el modelado del bypass de sedimentos alrededor de estructuras, estando el presente estudio enmarcado en este contexto. Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal el estudio del fenómeno de bypass alrededor de estructuras, de forma que el proceso pueda ser incluido en el modelo CHRONOS. Con el fin de cumplir este objetivo se plantean los siguientes objetivos específicos los cuales consisten en la determinación de formulaciones empíricas para parametrizar: en primer lugar, la tasa de sedimento que pasa aguas abajo de la estructura, la tasa de bypass, respecto del caudal de sedimento aguas arriba de la estructura. En segundo lugar, la distribución del sedimento de bypass depositado aguas debajo de la estructura que tendrá forma asimétrica con cola asintótica, y en particular la distancia de inicio y la distancia final de afección del bypass. La metodología para alcanzar los objetivos planteados parte de una colección de distintas geometrías (batimetrías y estructuras) y oleajes (Cange, 2017). En los que se obtienen los datos de oleaje, corrientes y transporte en cada nodo de la malla de cálculo. Posteriormente, se realiza un primer tratamiento de estos datos de transporte para caracterizar la tasa de bypass y con esta se realiza un segundo tratamiento de datos para caracterizar las distancias final e inicial y la distribución del sedimento de bypass aguas debajo de la estructura en función de dos parámetros de forma. Finalmente, se procede a la parametrización de las variables de interés que caracteriza el bypass en función de las condiciones de geometría y oleaje. Los resultados obtenidos son cuatro formulaciones empíricas función de la profundidad en rotura y la profundidad en el morro de la estructura. En primer lugar, la tasa de bypass se parametriza en función del cociente entre profundidad en rotura y profundidad en el morro de la estructura. En segundo lugar, la distribución del bypass de sedimentos se ajusta a una función con dos parámetros independientes los cuales son función de la profundidad de rotura y profundidad en el morro de la estructura. En cuanto a la distancia final, se parametriza en función de la profundidad en rotura y se ajusta a una recta con sus dos coeficientes función de la profundidad en el morro de la estructura. Finalmente, se propone emplear la media de los valores obtenidos para cada profundidad en el morro de la estructura por falta de datos para la obtención de la distancia inicial de sedimentación del material procedente del bypass. Cabe destacar que tanto la tasa como distribución del bypass son independientes de la dirección y el periodo del oleaje. Del cálculo de los estadísticos de ajuste se obtiene que los errores son bajos y la correlación alta. Por lo tanto, las formulaciones empíricas que se han determinado podrán ser implementadas en el modelo CHRONOS, permitiendo determinar la cantidad de sedimento de bypass y su distribución en la costa aguas abajo de la estructura a partir de la profundidad en rotura del oleaje y la profundidad en el morro de la estructura. En base a lo expuesto se proponen unas futuras líneas de investigación que, en términos generales, consideran la necesidad de generar otras geometrías con el fin de ampliar la base de datos disponible. ABSTRACT: It is an established fact that coastal structures constitute a disturbance of the natural morphological coastal system (Kristensen, Dronen, Deigaard, & Elfrink, 2017). In general, the presence of structures will lead to an advance of the upstream coastline and erosion of the coastline downstream of the structure (DHI, 2016). To understand how the system works it is necessary to model its behaviour. IHCantabria is developing a numerical model of coastline evolution called CHRONOS. One of the unique improvements to CHRONOS is the modelling of sediment bypass around structures. The main aim of this work is the study of the bypass phenomenon around structures, so that the process can be included in the CHRONOS model. This was achieved through the following specific objectives, which consist in the determination of empirical formulations to parameterize: first, the sediment rate going downstream of the structure, the bypass rate, in relation to the sediment flow upstream of the structure. Second, the distribution of the bypass sediment deposited downstream of the structure and in particular the starting distance and the final distance of bypass affection. The methodology to obtain the objectives starts in waves, currents and transport data obtained in each node of the calculation mesh, from a collection of different geometrie s (bathymetry and structures) and waves types. Afterwards, these transport data are p rocessed in order to characterize the bypass from the variables of interest: final distanc e, initial distance and distribution function with the variables that define it. Finally, the variables of interest are parameterized so as to characterize the bypass as a function of the geometry and waves conditions. The results obtained are four empirical formulation where the depth at the base of the structure and the depth of wave break are the variables that define it. Firstly, the bypass rate is parameterized as a function of the ratio between depth of wa ve break and depth at the base of the structure.Secondly, the distribution of the sediment bypass is parameterized as a function with t wo independent parameters which are function of depths of wave break and at the ba se of the structure. As for the final distance, it is parameterized according to the depth at break and is fitted to a line with its two coefficients function of the depth at the bas e of the structure. Finally, it is proposed to use the average of the values obtained for each depth at the b ase of the structure due to lack of data to obtain the initial sedimentation distance. It should be noted that the bypass rate and bypass distribution are independent of the direction and period of the wave. From the calculation of correlation and RMSE we obtain that errors are low and the cor relation high. The empirical formulations that have been determined can be implemented in the CHR ONOS model, allowing to calculate the amount of bypass sediment and its distribution in the coastline downstream of the structure from depths of wave break and at the bas e of the structure. According with the above conclusions, future research lines are proposed. In general te rms, the need of generating other geometries is considered to widen the available data base. Máster en Ingeniería costera y portuaria
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- 2017
18. Hydrologic parameters and tensors in the river dynamics: study in colombian caribbean basin
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Luisa Elvira Martinez Acosta, Jhon Jairo Feria Díaz, and Alvaro López Ramos
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Hydrology ,River dynamics ,Geography ,Caribbean Basin ,transporte de sedimentos ,erosión ,hydrology ,erosion ,hidrología ,sediment transport - Abstract
En este artículo se muestran los resultados del análisis hidrológico de las cuencas hidrográficas de los ríos Sinú, Aracataca y Fundación. Se evaluaron las características y la variabilidad de los aportes fluviales (caudales y transporte de sedimentos) y las tendencias históricas para identificar patrones de escala regional en la dinámica fluvial. Se tomaron registros de caudales y transporte de sedimentos del Instituto de Estudios Hidrológicos Ambientales (IDEAM) para realizar un análisis estadístico de las series de tiempo de transporte de sedimentos y caudales. Se identificó una alta dependencia del transporte de sedimento en función del caudal de las corrientes de las cuencas estudiadas, mientras que las curvas de doble masa permitieron identificar la influencia de los factores externos en dicho transporte. La dinámica fluvial de las cuencas de Aracataca y Fundación mostró eventos máximos con períodos de retorno de 2 y 10 años, mientras que la dinámica fluvial del río Sinú se mantuvo regular, debido a la influencia del embalse de URRá. Las cuencas estuvieron sometidas a condiciones climatológicas semejantes, de allí el o comportamiento registrado. This article shows the results of the hydrologic analysis of watersheds of rivers Sinú, Aracataca, and Foundation. The characteristics and variability of river inputs (flow and sediment transport) and historical trends to identify regional patterns in fluvial dynamics were evaluated. Records of flow and sediment transport were taken of the Institute Hydrologic and Studies Environmental (IDEAM), to perform a statistical analysis of the time series of sediment transport and flow. Sediment transport and stream flow, were show highly dependent, while the dual-mass curves helped to identify the influence of external factors on sediment transport. The dynamic of the basins Fundación and Aracataca, showed maximum events with return periods of 2 and 10 years, while the Sinú River fluvial dynamics was maintained regular due to the influence URRá dam. The basins were subject to weather conditions equal, which explains the behavior recorded.
- Published
- 2014
19. Eucalyptus Short-Rotation Management Effects on Nutrient and Sediments in Subtropical Streams
- Author
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Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki, Patrick N.J. Lane, Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz, Walter de Paula Lima, and Carolina Rodrigues
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Suspended solids ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,forest operations ,Aquatic ecosystem ,Forest management ,Sediment ,Forestry ,lcsh:QK900-989 ,load ,010501 environmental sciences ,water quality ,01 natural sciences ,Eucalyptus ,TRANSPORTE DE SEDIMENTOS ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Nitrate ,chemistry ,lcsh:Plant ecology ,timber harvesting ,nutrient concentrations ,Water quality ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Forested catchments generally present conserved aquatic ecosystems without anthropogenic disturbances, however, forest management operations can degrade these environments, including their water quality. Despite the potential degradation, few studies have analyzed the effects of forest management in subtropical regions, especially in forest plantations with intensive management, such as Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. The intensive management of those plantations is characterized by fast-growing, short rotation cycles, and high productivity. This study aimed to assess the effects of Eucalyptus plantations harvesting on the concentration and exportation of nutrients and suspended solids in subtropical streams. Results showed that clear-cut harvesting and subsequent forest management operations do not alter most of the concentration of nitrate, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The concentration of suspended solids increased during the first year after timber harvesting in all studied catchments, however, the increases were statistically significant in only two catchments. In the first year after harvest, it was observed an increment of water yield/precipitation ratio at three catchments, which also increased export of nutrients and suspended solids. Our results showed that harvesting of fast-growing Eucalyptus forest plantations partially affected sediment exports and did not compromise water quality in the studied catchments. However, the catchment land-use design, especially related to road density and land-use composition, showed significant relationship with sediment exportation.
- Published
- 2019
20. Estudio del transporte de sedimentos en la Rambla del Albujón
- Author
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Marco Cutillas, Francisca, Marín Martín, María Dolores, Castillo Elsitdie, Luis G., and Grupo de investigación Hidr@m-Ingeniería Hidráulica, Marítima y Medioambiental
- Subjects
HEC-RAS ,Rambla del Albujón ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Albujón basin ,Sediment transport - Abstract
[ESP] El sureste español se caracteriza por ser una región semiárida. Uno de los efectos más directos del cambio climático es el hecho de que llueve con menor frecuencia y con mayor intensidad, lo que provoca la aparición de un mayor número de episodios de flujos torrenciales. En este artículo se realiza en primer lugar una validación de transporte de sedimentos de las seis formulaciones presentes en HEC-RAS y en segundo lugar un análisis de transporte de sedimentos de toda la cuenca del Albujón obteniendo la concentración de sedimentos y sedimento total que pasa por la sección de la desembocadura. [ENG] The Spanish Southeast is characterized as a semiarid region. One of the most direct effects of climate change is the fact that it rains less often and with greater intensity, causing the appearance of a greater number of episodes of torrential flows. In this paper, a validation of the sediment transport formulas present in HECRAS is made first. Secondly, an analysis of the Albujon basin sediment transport is conducted, obtaining sediment concentration and total sediment passing through the section of the mouth. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica (ETSIA), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial (ETSII), Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y Edificación (ETSAE), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas (ETSICCPIM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa (FCCE), Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo (PTFA), Vicerrectorado de Estudiantes y Extensión de la UPCT, Vicerrectorado de Investigación e Innovación de la UPCT, y Vicerrectorado de Internacionalización y Cooperación al Desarrollo de la UPCT
- Published
- 2016
21. Análisis probabilístico de la profundidad de cierre en playas del litoral
- Author
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Andonegui González, Ion, Méndez Incera, Fernando Javier, Álvarez Antolínez, José A., and Universidad de Cantabria
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Procesos costeros ,Morfodinámica ,Morphodinamics ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Perfil de playa ,Profundidad de cierre ,Coastal processes ,Sediment transport ,Ingeniería de costas ,Coastal engineering ,Depth of closure ,Beach profile - Abstract
Máster en Ingeniería de Costas y puertos
- Published
- 2016
22. An integrated GIS for sedimentological and geomorphological analysis of a lagoon environment. Barra de Cananéia inlet region, (Southeastern Brazil)
- Author
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Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques, Marcelo Rodrigues, Carlos Alberto Sampaio de Araújo, Valdenir Veronese Furtado, Luis Américo Conti, Roberto Lima Barcellos, and Fernando S. Paolo
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Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Sediment ,Estuary ,Sedimentation ,Oceanography ,Inlet ,Sedimentary depositional environment ,TRANSPORTE DE SEDIMENTOS ,Sedimentary rock ,Sediment transport ,Bay ,Geology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
The aim of this work is to use GIS integration data to characterize sedimentary processes in a SubTropical lagoon environment. The study area was the Cananeia Inlet estuary in the southeastern section of the Cananeia Lagoon Estuarine System (CLES), state of Sao Paulo, Brazil (25°03′S/47°53′W). The area is formed by the confluence of two estuarine channels forming a bay-shaped water body locally called “Trapande Bay”. The region is surrounded by one of the most preserved tracts of Atlantic Rain Forest in Southwestern Brazil and presents well-developed mangroves and marshes. In this study a methodology was developed using integrated a GIS database based on bottom sediment parameters, geomorphological data, remote sensing images, Hidrodynamical Modeling data and geophysical parameters. The sediment grain size parameters and the bottom morphology of the lagoon were also used to develop models of net sediment transport pathways. It was possible to observe that the sediment transport vectors based on the grain size model had a good correlation with the transport model based on the bottom topography features and Hydrodynamic model, especially in areas with stronger energetic conditions, with a minor contribution of finer sediments. This relation is somewhat less evident near shallower banks and depositional features. In these regions the organic matter contents in the sediments was a good complementary tool for inferring the hydrodynamic and depositional conditions (i.e. primary productivity, sedimentation rates, sources, oxi-reduction rates).
- Published
- 2011
23. Modelagem espaço-temporal da erosão e potencial contaminação de Arsênio e Chumbo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ribeira de Iguape (SP)
- Author
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Fabiane Hilario dos Santos Costa, Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho, and Alfonso Risso
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Bacias hidrográficas ,Erosao hidrica ,Soil surface ,Structural basin ,Soil loss ,Chumbo ,Arsenic ,Universal Soil Loss Equation ,Arsênio ,Conservação do solo ,Hydric soil ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Modelagem geoquímica ,Land degradation ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Geoprocessamento ,USLE ,Ribeira de Iguape River ,Hydrography ,Potential erosion ,Geomorphology - Abstract
A simulação de um ambiente natural através de técnicas computacionais é um tema de pesquisa bastante promissor para o planejamento e tomada de decisões ambientais. A erosão hídrica no solo inicia-se com o impacto da gota de chuva sobre sua superfície. Numa situação onde a erosividade da chuva é elevada, pode ocorrer cisalhamento hidraúlico do solo e transporte dos sedimentos. Na busca por uma melhor compreensão sobre as dimensões espaço-temporais desses fenômenos naturais, este trabalho visou a caracterização da erosão potencial de uma área inserida na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Ribeira de Iguape, utilizando a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solos (EUPS), através de Geotecnologias e rotinas computacionais. O período considerado na análise foi entre 1990 e 1999, dentro do qual foram comparadas áreas de ocorrência espacial simultânea de alto potencial erosivo e alto teor de Pb e As, fruto de uma anomalia natural existente neste local. Esta aplicação multitemporal mostrou a tendência evolutiva dos processos erosivos na região, principalmente os compreendidos nas áreas relacionadas às anomalias de As e Pb. Áreas com perdas de solo acima de 200 t/ha.ano foram identificadas, as quais devem ser consideradas como em processo de degradação do solo e fonte de elementos tóxicos sob dispersão no meio ambiente. The simulation of a natural environment through computational techniques is a promising research theme that can append advantages for planning and decisions on environmental issues. Hydric erosion is triggered by the impact of rain drops on the soil surface. If rain-induced erosion is high, soil undergoes through hydraulic shearing and the yielded sediments are consequently transported. In the search for a better understanding of space-time dimensions of such natural phenomena, this work aimed to characterize the potential erosion of a selected area located in the Ribeira de Iguape River Hydrographic Basin. This was achieved using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) through Geotechnologies and computational routines. The period considered in the analysis spans between 1990 and 1999, within which areas with spatial coincidence of high erosive potential and high Pb and As content in soil (associated to a pre-existing, natural As anomaly) were compared. This multitemporal application showed the evolutionary trend of the erosive processes in the region, effectively those associated to the As and Pb anomalies. Areas with soil losses above 200 t/ha.year were identified, which ought to be considered in the process of land degradation and source of toxic elements under dispersion in the environment.
- Published
- 2009
24. Evaluation of the applicability of field data in two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling : case study of the reservoir of the dam in Barra Bonita-SP
- Author
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Pereira, Antonio Henrique Soares Dutra Gomes, 1985, Gireli, Tiago Zenker, 1980, Francato, Alberto Luiz, Mauad, Frederico Fabio, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Hidrodinâmica ,Reservoirs - Barra Bonita (SP) ,Numerical models ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Reservatórios - Barra Bonita (SP) ,Modelos numericos ,Hydrodynamic ,Sediment transport - Abstract
Orientador: Tiago Zenker Gireli Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo Resumo: Os cursos fluviais são regidos por diversos fenômenos físicos que interagem influenciando as características hidromorfodinâmicas do escoamento. O transporte de sedimentos é um destes fenômenos e interfere no equilíbrio dinâmico de um rio, isto é, numa situação estável do curso d'água, material sólido é carreado e depositado sem que sejam percebidas alterações significativas nas formas fluviais. Este equilíbrio pode ser alterado por vários motivos, sendo frequente ocorrer após a construção de barramentos transversais ao curso d'água que tenham por finalidade acumular água para múltiplos usos. Um dos principais impactos associados a estas obras de infraestrutura é a diminuição drástica da capacidade de transporte do escoamento a montante e da vazão sólida a jusante. Tal processo se encontra em evolução no reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) de Barra Bonita localizada no rio Tietê, no estado de São Paulo, sobretudo no trecho de remanso. O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar a aplicabilidade dos dados de campo na modelagem hidrodinâmica do reservatório da UHE de Barra Bonita-SP. Avalia-se a qualidade das informações para o processo de modelagem numérica por meio de simulações computacionais e comparações entre levantamentos de campo. Desenvolveu-se o estudo utilizando dados de batimetria e hidrológicos, ferramenta computacional específica para modelagem da hidráulica de escoamentos livres e levantamentos topográficos expeditos. Verificou-se a necessidade de executar levantamentos de dados de campo que tenham por objetivo gerar bases de dados para aplicação em modelagem hidrossedimentológica, isto é, é necessário que a coleta de dados seja feita com maior rigor e maior nível de detalhamento visando utilizá-los tanto para fins de navegação e monitoramento e operação de aproveitamentos hidrelétricos, quanto para fins de modelagem. Como resultados são apresentados e discutidos os problemas associados à modelagem numérica hidrodinâmica de reservatórios e propostos os requisitos necessários (desejáveis e mínimos) na aquisição de informações de campos para geração de base de dados com finalidade de modelagem numérica Abstract: Different physical phenomena interact influencing the hydrodynamic flows characteristics; rivers are governed by them. The sediment transport, one of these phenomena, directly interferes within the dynamic balance of a river, that is, in a stable situation, solid material is carried and deposited without substantial changes in river morphology. Many reasons could modify dynamic balance; it is usual to occur after the construction of multiple uses dams. One of the main impacts associated with these infrastructure projects is the drastic decrease in the amount of flow transport capacity and solid flow downstream. This process is evolving in the reservoir of the Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) of Barra Bonita, in Tietê river, in the state of São Paulo, especially in the backwater stretch This research aims to verify the applicability of field data in the hydrodynamic modeling of the Barra Bonita-SP reservoir, assessing the quality of information through numerical simulations and comparisons between field surveys. The study was conducted using real data of bathymetry and hydrology, as well as specific software for flows with free surfaces. It is necessary to gather field data aiming to generate databases for use in hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling. That is, data collection accuracy is needed, as well as greater detailing. As a result are presented problems associated to the hydrodynamic modeling of reservoirs and are proposed the required requisites (desirable and minimum) for the field data acquisition. Keywords: River morphodynamic. Sediment transport. Siltation. Numerical model Mestrado Recursos Hídricos, Energéticos e Ambientais Mestre em Engenharia Civil CAPES
- Published
- 2015
25. The transport of grains as bed load under a turbulent fluid flow : displacement of individual grains
- Author
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Penteado, Marcos Roberto Mendes, 1985, Franklin, Erick de Moraes, 1974, Wolf, William Roberto, Bimbato, Alex Mendonça, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Escoamento turbulento ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Tratamento de imagens ,Sediment transport ,Image treatment ,Turbulent flow - Abstract
Orientador: Erick de Moraes Franklin Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica Resumo: O transporte de sedimentos por um fluido é frequentemente encontrado em rios, oceanos, escoamentos periglaciais e outros processos naturais. É também encontrado na indústria, tal como em linhas de petróleo que arrastam sedimentos, em sistemas de esgotos e em processos de dragagem, por exemplo. Nessa dissertação, o transporte de grãos em um leito granular cisalhado pelo escoamento de um líquido será investigado experimentalmente. Nos experimentos, um escoamento de água turbulento totalmente desenvolvido foi imposto sobre o leito granular de geometria conhecida. Sob as condições testadas, os grãos foram transportados como leito móvel (\textit{bed load}, em inglês), i.e., sedimentos são transportados rolando ou deslizando sobre o leito. Para diferentes vazões de água, os deslocamentos dos grãos são filmados por uma câmera rápida. Os deslocamentos e campos de velocidade dos grãos foram determinados através do tratamento das imagens. A taxa de transporte dos grãos foi então estimada e correlacionada com o escoamento do fluido Abstract: Sediment transport by a fluid flow is frequently found in rivers, oceans, periglacial flows and other natural processes. It is also commonly found in industry, such as in petroleum pipelines conveying grains, in sewer systems and in dredging lines, for example. In this thesis, the transport of grains of a granular bed sheared by a liquid flow was experimentally investigated. In the experiments, fully-developed turbulent water flows were imposed over a granular bed of known granulometry. Under the tested conditions, the grains were transported as bed load, i.e., sediment was carried by rolling and sliding over the bed. For different water flow rates, the displacements of grains were filmed by a high-speed camera. The grains displacement and velocity fields were determined by post-processing the images. The bed-load transport rate was estimated and correlated to the water flow conditions Mestrado Térmica e Fluídos Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica CAPES
- Published
- 2015
26. Evaluation of bed load transport formulae in a large regulated gravel bed river: The lower Ebro (NE Iberian Peninsula)
- Author
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Ramon J. Batalla, Damià Vericat, and Raúl López
- Subjects
Hydrology ,Transporte de fondo ,Flow (psychology) ,Lecho acorazado ,Río de gravas ,Rating curve ,Río Ebro ,River bed ,Fórmulas de transporte de fondo ,Carga de fondo ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Environmental science ,Stream power ,Water Science and Technology ,Bed load - Abstract
This paper tests the predictive power of 10 bed load formulae against bed load rates obtained for a large regulated river (River Ebro) the armor layer of which is subject to repeated cycles of break-up and reestablishment. The theoretical principles of two of the 10 formulae explicitly include the effects of river bed armoring. The results obtained showed substantial differences in equation performance but no evident relationship between predictive power and theoretical approach (e.g., discharge, stream power and probability) was found. Overall, the predictive power of the tested formulae was relatively low. The average percentages of predicted bed load discharge that did not exceed factors of 2 (0.5 < r < 2) and 10 (0.1 < r < 10) in relation to the observed discharge were 19% and 57%, respectively (where r is the discrepancy ratio between the predicted and observed values). In particular, the formulae of Yang (1984) and Parker et al. (1982) presented the better levels of agreement with the observed bed load discharges. The bed load rating curve for the lower Ebro showed a similar degree of agreement to the best-performing formulae. However, its predictive power was limited because only flow discharge acts as an independent variable and river bed dynamics, such as armoring cycles, are not contemplated This research was carried out within the framework of the research projects REN2001-0840-C02-01/HID, CGL2005-06989-C02-02/HID, CGL2006-11679-C02-01/HID, CGL2009-09770 (subprograma BTE), and SCARCE Consolider Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065, all funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. The second author has benefit from a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship (JCI-2008-2910) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-2010-06264) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Hydrological data were supplied by the Ebro Water Authorities. The Móra d'Ebre Town Council provided logistical support during fieldwork. Albert Rovira assisted during fieldwork and labwork.
- Published
- 2014
27. Modelación del transporte de sedimentos en el golfo de Uraba, Colombia
- Author
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Velásquez Montoya, Liliana
- Subjects
Tesis. Maestría en Ciencias de la Tierra ,Transporte de Sedimentos - Published
- 2013
28. Spatial distributed modelling of erosion and sediment transport in mountain catchments in the Pyrenees: challenges for calibration and validation
- Author
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Noemí Lana-Renault, L. C. Alatorre, Santiago Beguería, and Ana Navas
- Subjects
Erosión del suelo ,Watershed ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Drainage basin ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Structural basin ,Pirineo Central Espanol ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Model WATEM/SEDEM ,Inventarios de Cs137 ,Subdivision ,Transport capacity coefficient ,Hydrology ,geography ,Modelo WATEM/SEDEM ,Coeficiente de capacidad de transporte ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,business.industry ,Distributed element model ,Cuenca experimental de Arnás ,137Cs inventories ,Sediment ,Experimental Arnás catchment ,Sediment transport ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Erosion ,Soil erosion ,business ,Central Pyrenees - Abstract
28 p., 10 Figs., 5 Tabls., Publicado inicialmente por la Universidad de La Rioja (España) en: Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 39(2) (2013), [EN] Most erosion models applied at basin scale are based on spatially aggregated representation, for example, in a space subdivision of the surfaces to which behavior is assumed homogeneous (sub-basins, hydrological units, etc.). This approach leads to a desirable simplification of the calculations, but presents difficulties in addressing problems related to sediment transport and identification of sediment source areas, which should be treated by a continuous spatial representation. Spatially distributed models, however, allow a more accurate approach to this problem, at the cost of an increased computational complexity. The objective of this work is the calibration and validation of the model WATEM/SEDEM, an empirical-conceptual spatially distributed model, to predict erosion and sediment yield in two watersheds in the Central Spanish Pyrenees: i) the watershed of the Barasona Reservoir (1504 km2), which is drained by the Esera and Isabena Rivers, the model calibration and validation was based on the depositional history of the Barasona Reservoir and suspended sediment records over 3 years (May 2005–May 2008) at the outlet of the Isabena River; ii) the experimental Arnas catchment (2.84 km2), the model calibration was performed based on a dataset of soil redistribution rates derived from point 137Cs inventories, allowing capture differences per land use in the main model parameters. The validation process was carried with the registration of six years of suspended sediment at the outlet of the Arnas catchment. The calibration process for watershed of the Barasona Reservoir showed the problem you have when trying to calibrate the parameters of transport capacity with a single variable (the export of sediment to the basin outlet), making impossible to find a single set of parameters that optimize the error function, making it necessary to adopt a compromise solution. For the experimental Arnas catchment the model calibration processes using spatially distributed sediment yield derived from 137Cs inventories allowed calibrating the empirical parameters of transport capacity in a satisfactory way, finding a single combination of values that optimizes the error function. These results show that the calibration parameters of transport capacity are a fundamental aspect of the model WATEM/SEDEM and other similar models. To obtain a reliable estimate of the spatial distribution of erosion and sediment transport requires a calibration and validation by means of spatially distributed data of soil loss, which in turn allows a calibration of spatially distributed parameters concerning transport capacity., [ES] Una gran parte de los modelos de erosion aplicados a escala de cuenca se basan en una representacion espacialmente agregada, es decir en la subdivision del espacio en superficies a las que se supone un comportamiento homogeneo (subcuencas, unidades hidrologicas, etc.). Esta aproximacion conlleva una deseable simplificacion de los calculos, pero presenta dificultades para abordar problemas relacionados con el transporte de sedimentos y la identificacion de areas fuente de sedimento, que deben tratarse mediante una representacion espacial continua. Los modelos espacialmente distribuidos, en cambio, permiten una aproximacion mas precisa a este problema, a costa de una mayor complejidad de calculo. El objetivo de este trabajo es la calibracion y validacion del modelo WATEM/SEDEM, un modelo empirico-conceptual espacialmente distribuido, para predecir erosion y la produccion de sedimentos en dos cuencas del Pirineo aragones: i) la cuenca del embalse de Barasona (1504 km2), drenada por los rios Esera e Isabena, donde la base de datos para el proceso de calibracion fue el registro de 3 anos de sedimentos en suspension (mayo 2005-mayo 2008) a la salida de la subcuenca del Rio Isabena y para la validacion se utilizo el registro historico de sedimentacion del embalse de Barasona; y, ii) la cuenca experimental de Arnas (2.84 km2), donde se conto para la calibracion con datos espacialmente distribuidos de tasas de erosion y sedimentacion derivadas de inventarios de Cs137, mas el registro de seis anos de sedimento en suspension a la salida de la cuenca de Arnas para el proceso de validacion. El proceso de calibracion para el embalse de Barasona mostro el problema que se tiene al intentar calibrar los parametros de capacidad de transporte con una sola variable (la exportacion de sedimento a la salida de la cuenca), haciendo imposible encontrar un solo conjunto de parametros que optimicen la funcion de error y obligando a adoptar una solucion de compromiso. En la cuenca de Arnas el uso de datos espacialmente distribuidos de produccion de sedimentos derivados de inventarios de Cs137 permitio calibrar los parametros empiricos de capacidad de transporte de una forma satisfactoria, encontrando una sola combinacion de valores que optimiza la funcion de error. Con los resultados obtenidos se demuestra que la calibracion de los parametros de capacidad de transporte es un aspecto fundamental de WATEM/SEDEM y de otros modelos similares. Para obtener una estimacion fiable de la distribucion espacial de los procesos de erosion y transporte de sedimento se requiere de una calibracion y validacion con datos espacialmente distribuidos de perdida o ganancia de suelo que permita a su vez realizar una calibracion espacialmente distribuida de los parametros relativos a la capacidad de transporte., Este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo con el apoyo del proyecto INDICA (CGL2011- 27753-C02-01 y -02), financiado por el Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, el proyecto ACQWA (FP7-ENV-2007-1-212250), financiado por la Comision Europea y un acuerdo entre el CSIC y el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (RESEL). N. Lana-Renault ha disfrutado de un contrato de investigacion en el Programa Juan de la Cierva (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad). En este articulo han participado numerosos colegas del Departamento de Procesos Geoambientales y Cambio Global del Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), asi como del Departamento de Suelo y Agua de la Est. Exp. Aula Dei (EEAD-CSIC).
- Published
- 2013
29. Cuantificación del Transporte de Sedimentos en el río La Estrella, Limón, Costa Rica
- Author
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Ana Maria Ferreira-da-Silva, Karolina Villagra-Mendoza, Andrés Cervantes-Córdoba, and Isabel Guzmán-Arias
- Subjects
Sediment transport ,La Estrella River ,Costa Rica ,hydraulic capacity ,Transporte de sedimentos ,río La Estrella, Costa Rica ,capacidad hidráulica ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Abstract
La creciente necesidad del recurso hídrico para los diferentes usos, tanto en la naturaleza como en las actividades del ser humano, ha estimulado un incremento en el estudio detallado de cada una de las fases del ciclo hidrológico. Costa Rica, un país con muchos ríos a lo largo de todo el territorio y situado en el trópico, tiene muchas precipitaciones durante el año, lo que provoca un aumento significativo del caudal en la mayoría de los ríos y, con ellos, desastres en infraestructura civil así como en áreas agrícolas. Específicamente, los desbordamientos del río La Estrella han ocasionado muchos daños, tanto a plantaciones cercanas como a las personas de los poblados de los alrededores. El propósito del siguiente trabajo fue determinar la capacidad hidráulica del río La Estrella para transportar sedimentos. Para esto se utilizó una metodología por etapas; entre ellas, varias giras al lugar de estudio para tomar muestras de sedimentos y realizar aforos en distintos puntos, todo esto con el fin de obtener los datos necesarios para procesar la información. Luego se realizaron trabajos de laboratorio y los cálculos respectivos para cuantificar la cantidad de sedimentos que son transportados en los distintos puntos de medición por medio de varias ecuaciones teóricas. Se obtuvieron los valores para la cantidad de sedimentos que el río La Estrella puede transportar bajo condiciones similares a las que presentaba en las giras realizadas. The growing need of water resources for different uses, in nature and in human activities has stimulated and increased the detailed study of the stages of the water cycle. Costa Rica is a country with many rivers throughout its area, which is located in the tropics and where it rains significantly throughout the year. This means that most of the rivers raise their water flow significantly, causing loss or damage of civil infrastructure and problems in extensive agricultural areas. Specifically, La Estrella River overflows have caused serious damage, to nearby plantations and affected people from nearby villages. The objective of this study is to determine the hydraulic capacity of La Estrella River to transport sediment. To do this a stepwise methodology was used. This involved several trips to the study site in order to collect sediment samples and flow rate measurements at different locations of the river. The sediment samples were subsequently analyzed in the laboratory. Finally, sediment transport calculations were performed by means of various theoretical equations. The result, values of the amount of sediment that the river can transport under similar conditions to those founded in the field trips.
- Published
- 2016
30. Geomorfologia, cobertura sedimentar e transporte de sedimentos na plataforma continental interna entre a Ponta de Saquarema e o Cabo Frio (RJ)
- Author
-
Vânia Guaycuru de Carvalho and Dieter Muehe
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Continental shelf ,business.industry ,Brasil ,Sediment ,Distribution (economics) ,Geomorphology ,General Medicine ,Sediment transport ,Oceanography ,Sediment distribution ,Plataforma continental interna ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Inner shelf ,Rio de Janeiro ,Distribuição dos sedimentos ,Geomorfologia ,business ,Brazil ,Geology - Abstract
A plataforma continental interna defronte à restinga da Massambaba - um sistema de duplos cordões litorâneos localizados entre Saquarema e Arraial do Cabo, com 48 km de extensão - apresenta topografia regular, interrompida por raros afloramentos de rochas do embasamento cristalino e por ocorrências localizadas de arenitos de praia. Um amplo afloramento destes últimos ocorre na faixa batimétrica de 48 a 60 m, correspondendo à posição da linha de costa cerca de 10.000 anos atrás. Outro afloramento de arenitos de praia, de reduzida dimensão, ocorre próximo ao perfil S-4, à distância de 50 m da face da praia, em profundidade de 4 m. A cobertura sedimentar, sem aporte significativo de sedimentos terrígenos, é constituída predominantemente por areias quartzosas reliquiares. O gradiente batimétrico apresenta declividade elevada, atípica para uma plataforma passiva, atingindo o limite distai da plataforma continental interna, a isobatimétrica de 60 m, a uma distância da ordem de 4 milhas náuticas da linha de praia. O padrão de distribuição granulométrico apresenta gradientes de decréscimo em direção a leste, isto é, em direção ao Cabo Frio, e em direção a maiores profundidades. A diminuição do tamanho granulométrico em direção ao Cabo Frio é atribuída como sendo resultado do aporte de sedimentos terrígenos através de um sistema de drenagem pleistocênico, interrompido pela construção do cordão litorâneo mais interiorizado, e à remobilização dos sedimentos por ação de ondas e correntes com transporte residual em direção a leste. The inner continental shelf in front of the Massambaba beach, an East-West striking, 48 km long, double barrier beach, located between the towns of Saquarema and Arraial do Cabo presents a monotonous topography with only few outcrops of crystaline rocks, patches of beach rocks and a sediment cover of mainly relict quartz sand. The topographic gradient, steeper as expected for a passive shelf, reaches the 60 m isobath at a distance of about 4 nautical miles from the shoreline. A large outcrop of beach rock occurs at depths between 48 to 60 m, corresponding to the position of the shoreline of possibly 10,000 years ago. A small outcrop, near the profile S-4, at a depth of 4 m and distant 50 m from the beachface, is a good indication of shoreline retreat. The pattern of grain size shows a decreasing gradient both toward the East as also toward deeper waters. Input of continental sediments to the shelf is almost absent. Consequently the pattern of sediment distribution must primarily be due to the introduction of sediments trough an ancient Pleistocene drainage system, interrupted by the construction of a barrier beach, and to the reworking of sediments due to waves and currents. The interpretation of existing current measurements, as also of the grain size distribution parameters, indicate that net sediment movement is directed to the East.
- Published
- 1993
31. Modelagem morfodinâmica do transporte de sedimento de fundo em ambientes costeiros
- Author
-
PASSOS, R. C. S., PEREIRA, M. M. R., MOREIRA, R. M., and CHACALTANA, J. T. A.
- Subjects
Transporte de sedimentos ,Análise numérica - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T22:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_4365_.pdf: 883204 bytes, checksum: 6fbc0f8941d9d21663d5696977918566 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 O transporte de sedimentos em ambientes aquáticos costeiros depende muito da hidrodinâmica local, que é forçada pela maré astronômica e meteorológica, pelas ondas, e pela intensidade e direção do vento. Ações planejadas ou não-planejadas nesses ambientes podem desencadear problemas erosivos comprometendo as construções na orla praial, turismo, lazer, operações de embarque em portos, dentre outros. Neste trabalho é realizado o estudo das mudanças morfodinâmicas induzidos por ondas de superfície. O modelo de ondas é linear e do tipo águas rasas, que considera o efeito de atrito com o leito. Sem perda de generalidade, o transporte de sedimento suspenso não é considerado. Para as mudanças morfodinâmicas do leito é considerada a equação de conservação volumétrica de sedimento de fundo. Inicialmente, diferentes esquemas em diferenças finitas foram implementadas para solucionar a equação para o transporte de sedimento (variação morfológica de fundo costeiro) submetido a um escoamento uni-direcional. A análise dos resultados obtidos mostrou que o esquema de Warming-Beam para discretizar a equação de transporte de sedimento foi que melhor representou a solução analítica. O modelo morfodinâmico foi acoplado ao modelo linear de onda do tipo águas rasas. Dos resultados analisados, verificou-se um movimento harmônico do banco de sedimento que aumenta com o aumento do período da onda.
- Published
- 2010
32. Mid- to late-Holocene paleoceanographic changes on the southeastern Brazilian shelf based on grain size records
- Author
-
Richard Gyllencreutz, Ilana Wainer, Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques, and D. V. P. Alves
- Subjects
Archeology ,Global and Planetary Change ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Continental shelf ,Intertropical Convergence Zone ,Paleontology ,Grain size ,TRANSPORTE DE SEDIMENTOS ,Oceanography ,Paleoclimatology ,Phanerozoic ,Quaternary ,Cenozoic ,Geology ,Holocene ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
High-resolution grain size analyses of three AMS14C-dated cores from the Southeastern Brazilian shelf provide a detailed record of mid- to late-Holocene environmental changes in the Southwestern Atlantic Margin.The cores exhibit millennial variability that we associate with the previously described southward shift of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) average latitudinal position over the South American continent during the Holocene climatic maximum. This generated changes in the wind-driven current system of the SW Atlantic margin and modified the grain size characteristics of the sediments deposited there. Centennial variations in the grain size are associated with a previously described late-Holocene enhancement of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude, which led to stronger NNE trade winds off eastern Brazil, favouring SW transport of sediments from the Paraiba do Sul River. This is recorded in a core from off Cabo Frio as a coarsening trend from 3000 cal. BP onwards. The ENSO enhancement also caused changes in precipitation and wind pattern in southern Brazil, allowing high discharge events and northward extensions of the low-saline water plume from Río de la Plata. We propose that this resulted in a net increase in northward alongshore transport of fine sediments, seen as a prominent fine-shift at 2000 cal. BP in a core from ~24°S on the Brazilian shelf. Wavelet- and spectral analysis of the sortable silt records show a significant ~1000-yr periodicity, which we attribute to solar forcing. If correct, this is one of the first indications of solar forcing of this timescale on the Southwestern Atlantic margin.
- Published
- 2010
33. Residuos leñosos de gran tamaño en un torrente de la Cordillera de Los Andes, Chile: su funcionalidad e importancia
- Author
-
Francesco Comiti, Andrea Andreoli, Andrés Iroumé, and Giovanni Carlig
- Subjects
large woody debris (LWD) ,residuos leñosos de gran tamaño ,acumulaciones ,transporte de sedimentos ,morfología fluvial ,Forestry - Abstract
Se registraron la cantidad, características e impacto morfológico de los residuos leñosos de gran tamaño (large woody debris o LWD) en el torrente Tres Arroyos, situado en la Cordillera de Los Andes, Chile, cuya cuenca alta está cubierta por bosques primarios de los géneros Araucaria y Nothofagus. Se examinaron los residuos leñosos de más de 10 centímetros de diámetro y 1 m de longitud, en un tramo de 1,5 km del cauce principal del torrente que presenta una morfología general de step-pool/cascade. La cantidad de LWD en el cauce y sus márgenes inundables fue de 1.500 m³/ha, valor comparable a los registrados en cuencas con bosques antiguos en la costa noroeste de América del Norte. Casi dos tercios del volumen de LWD formaban acumulaciones de troncos y la mitad de ellos se encontraron en las márgenes inundables activas del torrente. El 83% del LWD presentaba señales de haber sido movilizado por el torrente, el 13% se asociaba a caídas naturales de árboles y el resto a aportes por deslizamientos y erosión de laderas. Se observaron diversos tipos de acumulaciones de troncos que alteraban la morfología del canal y cubrían las márgenes del cauce. Se estimó que las acumulaciones de LWD en el tramo estudiado disipan el 27% de la energía potencial total de la corriente de agua. Finalmente, se estimó en 2.000 m³ el volumen de sedimentos depositados en el cauce principal aguas arriba de cúmulos de LWD, correspondiendo aproximadamente al 150% del aporte anual total de sedimentos sólidos de la cuenca.
- Published
- 2007
34. Esquemas 2D de alto orden basados en reconstrucciones de estado, para sistemas hiperbólicos no conservativos. Aplicación a problemas de transporte de sedimentos
- Author
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Castro Díaz, Manuel Jesús, Fernández Nieto, Enrique D., Ferreiro Ferreiro, Ana María, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII), and Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia
- Subjects
Reconstrucciones de estado ,transporte de sedimentos ,método de volúmenes finitos ,bien-equilibrado - Abstract
En este trabajo se aborda la aproximación numérica del problema de arrastre de sedimentos causada por la evolución del agua. Para la componente hidrodinámica se consideran las ecuaciones de aguas poco profundas. La componente morfodinámica se define mediante una ecuación de continuidad, dada en función del caudal sólido. Ambas componentes constituyen un sistema acoplado que puede reescribirse como un sistema hiperbólico no conservativo (ver [4] A.M. Ferreiro Ferreiro. Desarrollo de técnicas de post-proceso de flujos hidrodinámicos, modelización de problemas de transporte de sedimentos y simulación numérica mediante técnicas de volúmenes finitos. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Sevilla. 2006). Se propone un esquema 2D generalizado de Roe con reconstrucciones de estado para sistemas hiperbólicos no conservativos (ver [4]), mediante esquemas de volúmenes finitos y el método de líneas (ver [5] J.A. García Rodríguez. Paralelización de esquemas de vol´umenes finitos: aplicación a la resolución de sistemas de tipo aguas someras. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Málaga. 2005), extendiendo los esquemas de alto orden para el caso 1D propuesto en [2] M.J. Castro, J.M. Gallardo and C. Parés. High order finite volume schemes based on reconstruction of states for solving hyperbolic systems with nonconservative products. Applications to shallow water systems. Math. Comp., 75: 1103-1134. 2006. La reconstrucción de estado empleada es de tipo MUSCL (ver [1] B. Van Leer. MUSCL. A new approach to numerical gas dynamics. Computing in plasma physics and astrophysics, Max-Planck-Institut fur plama physik.. Carchung, Germany, April 1976), que proporciona orden dos para mallas no estructuradas de volúmenes finitos de tipo arista. Finalmente se presenta un test num´erico en el que se estudia la evolución del ángulo de expansi´on de una monta˜na de arena (ver [4]).
- Published
- 2007
35. El impacto de la deforestación en la erosión de la cuenca del río Magdalena (1980-2010)
- Author
-
D A Juan Restrepo and Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
- Subjects
General Mathematics ,Drainage basin ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Structural basin ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Deforestation ,Hydrology ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,business.industry ,Sediment ,General Chemistry ,Erosión ,Deforestacion ,General Energy ,Geography ,Climate change mitigation ,Erosion ,Agriculture ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Period (geology) ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Magdalena River ,Río Magdalena ,Sediment load ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business - Abstract
En la última década, la cuenca del río Magdalena ha experimentado un incremento en las tasas de erosión del orden del 34 %, pasando de 550 t km-2 a-1antes del año 2000 a 710 t km-2 a-1 en el periodo 2000-2010, con un aumento en el transporte total de sedimentos de 44 Mt a-1. El análisis de la variabilidad espacial de la producción de sedimentos indica que el 78 % de la cuenca se encuentra en estado crítico de erosión dada la pérdida de bosques primarios de más del 60 % en el periodo entre 1980 y 2010. Mediante la calibración del modelo BQART para el periodo de 1980 a 2010, que combina variables climáticas, hidrológicas, litológicas, morfométricas y del impacto humano por deforestación, se explicó el 86 % de la variabilidad del transporte de sedimentos en la cuenca. El 9 % del transporte de sedimentos acumulado de las tres últimas décadas se debió a la deforestación; cerca de 160 Mt de sedimentos se han generados por la deforestación entre el 2000 y el 2010. Los indicadores económicos del Magdalena en las seis últimas décadas señalan que las actividades agrícolas fueron la principal causa del cambio en el uso de los suelos y de la pérdida forestal. El deterioro de los suelos de la cuenca requiere de medidas a escala regional, y no solamente de planes de mitigación ante el cambio climático. During the last decade, the Magdalena River drainage basin has witnessed an increase in erosion rates of 34%, from 550 t km-2 y-1 before 2000 to 710 t km-2 y-1 for the 2000-2010 yr-period, and the average sediment load for the whole basin increased in 44 Mt y-1 for the same period. Sediment yield spatial analysis indicated that 78% of the catchment is under strong erosional conditions due to the clearance of more than 60% of the natural forest between 1980 and 2010. Sediment load simulation by using the BQART, a robust model that combines climatic, morphometric, hydrological, lithologic and human induced variables, and explains 86% of the sediment load variability, indicated that 9% of the combined sediment load during the last three decades was due to deforestation; about 160 Mt have been produced by forest clearance between 2000 and 2010. The trends in economic indicators show that agriculture was the main cause of land-use change and, consequently, of forest loss within the basin. Soil deterioration and increasing trends in erosion require capacity building in environmental governance in addition to climate change mitigation policies.
- Published
- 2015
36. Grain-size trends associated with sediment transport patterns in Cadiz Bay (southwest Iberian Peninsula)
- Author
-
Parrado-Román, J.M., Achab, M., and Mosquera-de-Arancibia, C. (Concha)
- Subjects
transporte de sedimentos ,ambientes sedimentarios ,bahía de Cádiz ,Medio Marino ,Tendencias granulométricas - Abstract
En la zona infralitoral y de plataforma interna, las tendencias en los parámetros granulométricos permiten caracterizar ambientes antiguos y modernos, e identificar trayectorias de transporte de sedimentos mediante el análisis de las distribuciones granulométricas y el análisis factorial multivariante. En la bahía de Cádiz, las tendencias observadas en los parámetros granulométricos están controladas por los aportes de sedimentos finos, la configuración de la costa y las trayectorias de transporte en suspensión debidas a las corrientes de reflujo mareal. La asimetría es el parámetro principal en la identificación de tendencias granulométricas. Se han determinado tres tendencias que caracterizan los ambientes sedimentarios presentes: a) asimetrías muy positivas y distribuciones muy leptocúrticas indican un alto grado de madurez textural y retrabajamiento; b) tendencias hacia asimetrías negativas caracterizan ambientes intermareales de playa y permiten localizar ambientes paleolitorales; c) distribuciones simétricas y mal seleccionadas trazan las trayectorias permanentes de precipitación de sedimentos finos, mientras asimetrías más positivas, aumento del tamaño de grano y mejor selección marcan la extensión ocasional de las plumas de materia en suspensión., On the inner continental shelf and coastal environments, grain-size trends make it possible to characterise ancient and modern environments, and to identify net sediment transport patterns, using grain-size distributions and factorial multivariate analysis. In Cadiz Bay, grain-size trends are controlled by the contribution of fine sediments, coastal morphology and the suspended transport pathways due to the ebb-currents. The main parameter able to identify grain-size trends is skewness. Three trends were determined to characterise present-day sedimentary environments: a) very positively skewed sediments with leptokurtic distributions belong to deposits with a high degree of textural maturity and reworking; b) negatively skewed sediments characterise intertidal environments (foreshore), and also make it possible to localise palaeolittoral environments; c) symmetrical and poorly sorted distributions indicate the permanent fine-settling pathways, whereas positively skewed, coarser and better-sorted sediments point to the occasional extension of suspended matter plumes., Instituto Español de Oceanografía
- Published
- 2001
37. Análisis comparativo del transporte de sedimentos con cambio granulométrico
- Author
-
Fabián Rivera Trejo and Gabriel Soto Cortés
- Subjects
Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Evolución del fondo ,Capa activa ,Hidrologia ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Modelación numérica ,Cambio granulométrico ,Enginyeria civil::Geologia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Geologia - Abstract
[ES] La mayor parte de los modelos de fondo móvil existentes son aplicados a un diámetro representativo del material del fondo. Esta consideración puede no ser la más recomendable, ya que si la muestra de sedimentos es no uniforme, se genera un error sustancial en la estimación del transporte y depósito de partículas en el fondo. En estos casos lo más conveniente es dividir la muestra en fracciones con un diámetro representativo para cada una y calcular el transporte de sedimento por partes. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo numérico unidimensional de fondo móvil, que pronostica los procesos de erosión y depósito y determina el cambio granulométrico asociado al movimiento del fondo. Las ecuaciones hidrodinámicas se resuelven por el método de pasos fraccionados y las ecuaciones de sedimentos a través de un esquema explícito. Ambos sistemas se acoplan en el tiempo. El cambio granulométrico se determina adoptando el concepto de capa activa. Se comparan y analizan los resultados obtenidos al modelar empleando la fórmula de transporte en sus posibles variantes: a) empleando un diámetro representativo de la muestra, b) dividiendo la muestra en fracciones y c) dividiendo en fracciones y asociando el cambio granulométrico. Los resultados muestran una mejor representación y caracterización del fondo al considerar el cambio granulométrico durante la simulación, de manera que el modelo desarrollado proporciona criterios útiles que se pueden emplear en estudios posteriores., Se agradece al CONACYT, al Instituto de Ingeniería de la UNAM y a la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana por el apoyo económico y moral otorgado para la realización de este trabajo.
- Published
- 2002
38. 2D modelling of self-cleaning process in retention tanks
- Author
-
Ruiloba Sáez, Luis Carlos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Hidràulica, Marítima i Ambiental, and Gómez Valentín, Manuel
- Subjects
sistema de descarga ,Tancs ,arrastre de fondo ,transporte de sedimentos ,Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,tanque de retención ,Tanks ,sistema de auto lavado ,transporte en suspensión ,Iber
39. Evaluación de fórmulas de transporte de fondo en un río de gravas acorazado
- Author
-
López Alonso, Raúl, Vericat Querol, Damià, and Batalla, Ramon J.
- Subjects
Fórmulas de transporte de fondo ,Carga de fondo ,Transporte de fondo ,Bed load formulae ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Lecho acorazado ,Gravel bed-river ,River Ebro ,Río de gravas ,Armoured bed ,Río Ebro ,Sediment transport ,Bed load transport - Abstract
El curso bajo del río Ebro (NE península Ibérica) presenta un cauce con lecho de gravas que discurre aguas abajo de un complejo de embalses. En dicho tramo, el lecho experimenta ciclos de rotura y restablecimiento de la capa superficial acorazada como consecuencia tanto de avenidas naturales como de crecidas de mantenimiento. En el citado contexto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue doble. En primer lugar, la evaluación de la capacidad predictiva del transporte de fondo de tres fórmulas seleccionadas en condiciones de coraza rota o alterada. En segundo lugar, el análisis de la capacidad de dichas fórmulas para predecir el umbral de rotura o alteración de la coraza. Todo ello se fundamentó en la comparación entre predicciones y mediciones de carga de fondo en el tramo de estudio que abarcaron dos años hidrológicos. Conforme a los condicionantes del tramo de estudio, las fórmulas finalmente seleccionadas fueron las ecuaciones desarrolladas por Parker, Klingeman y McLean (1982) (P-K-M), Bathurst (2007) (B) y Recking (2010) (R). De acuerdo con los resultados, se recomiendan las fórmulas P-K-M y R para la predicción de la carga de fondo cuando se rompa o altere la coraza, y se desaconseja la fórmula B por su marcada tendencia a la infrapredicción. En cambio, para la predicción del umbral de rotura o alteración de la coraza se recomiendan las fórmulas B y R. Sin embargo, cabe advertir que en este caso ambas fórmulas tendieron a predecir umbrales bastante inferiores a los medidos. The lower Ebro River (NE Iberian peninsula) has a gravel bed which flows downstream from a reservoir complex. In this section of the river, the armoured surface of the bed undergoes cycles of breaking and reestablishment as a result of natural and control floods. The objective of the present work is two-fold. First, to evaluate the capacity of three formulas to predict bed load transport under conditions in which the armour is broken or disturbed. Second, to analyze the ability of the formulas to predict the breakage or disturbance threshold of the armour. This was all based on a comparison between predictions and measurements of the bed load transport in the study section for two hydrological years. Based on the characteristics of the study section, the formulas which were finally selected were the equations developed by Parker, Klingeman and McLean (1982) (P‑K‑M), Bathurst (2007) (B) and Recking (2010) (R). Given the results, the P‑K‑M and R formulas are recommended to predict bed load transport when there is breakage or disturbance of the amour, and not formula B because of its considerable tendency to underestimate. Formulas B and R are recommended to predict the breakage or disruption threshold of the armour. Nevertheless, it is worth cautioning that in this case both formulas tended to predict thresholds much lower than those measured. La presente investigación fue llevada a término en el marco de los proyectos REN2001-0840-C02-01/HID, CGL2005-06989-C02-02/HID, HID, CGL2009-09770 CGL2006-11679-C02-01/ (subprograma BTE), SCARCE Consolider Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065 y CGL2012- 36394, todos ellos concedidos por el Ministerio Ciencia y Tecnología de España. El segundo autor fue beneficiario de Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2010-06264), ambas otorgadas por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España.
40. Modelação do processo de precipitação-escoamento e transportes associados: Influência da forma das bacias
- Author
-
Duarte, Marvin Silva, Lima, João Luís Mendes Pedroso de, and Lima, Maria Isabel Mendes Leal Pereira Pedroso de
- Subjects
Shape of plots ,laboratory model ,Transporte de sedimentos ,Forma das parcelas ,modelo da onda cinemática ,modelo laboratorial ,kinematic wave model ,Sediment transport ,Escoamento superficial ,Surface runoff
41. Simulación de rotura de presas aterradas con fondo móvil: caso de estudio
- Author
-
Sanz Ramos, Marcos, Olivares Cerpa, Gonzalo, Bladé i Castellet, Ernest, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. FLUMEN - Dinàmica Fluvial i Enginyeria Hidrològica
- Subjects
Simulación numérica ,Dam failures--Risk assessment ,Preses (Enginyeria) -- Avaluació del risc ,transporte de sedimentos ,rotura de presas ,Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària::Embassaments i preses [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,riesgo de inundación - Abstract
Los estudios de rotura de presas han permitido conocer la peligrosidad y el riesgo de inundación asociado a un posible fallo de estas estructuras. La legislación y documentos técnicos vigentes en España marcan el camino a seguir para la correcta clasificación de la presa en función del riesgo potencial que supone para la sociedad, la economía y el medioambiente. Sin embargo, estos documentos no indican cómo proceder cuando la presa a clasificar se encuentra parcial o totalmente aterrada de sedimentos. El presente documento tiene por objeto presentar una nueva metodología para afrontar estudios de rotura de presas aterradas mediante un modelo numérico que permita, al mismo tiempo, simular la formación de la brecha y el transporte de sedimentos. Esta metodología ha sido aplicada a una presa en el río Llobregat (Gironella, España). Se ha podido observar cómo el hidrograma tras rotura es mayor cuando se considera el fondo móvil
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