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BACKGROUDS: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers (Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, CAPSI) are dedicated centers for persistent psychiatric disorders, which provide an individualized therapeutic approach based on extra-hospital services. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe the clinico-epidemiological profiles of the patients seeking interventions at the CAPSIs. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two CAPSI in São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil. One CAPSI is dedicated to the treatment of alcohol- and drug-related disorders, and the other to the treatment of other mental disorders. METHODS: In July 2017, we reviewed all active medical records of these two CAPSI, and collected the patients information including sex, race, education, type of referral, initial complaints, psychiatric diagnoses, and medication utilization. RESULTS: Of the 233 patients, 69.5% were male and 42.5% lived with their immediate family. Most of the patients were referred from other health services. Complaints on admission included agitation and aggressive behavior (30.9%). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was the most prevalent diagnosis (46.8%), followed by depressive disorder (13.8%). Of the patients, 81.5% were on regular medical follow-up and 70.3% were on a single medication only. CONCLUSION: Aggression complaints are the most prevalent in CAPSI, and diagnoses of ASD and psychotic disorders are more common. This situation differs from most CAPSI that present school complaints as the most prevalent, in which diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorders are likely to be more frequent. The epidemiological profile of each CAPSI should guide the implementation of human and structural resources targeting the most prevalent complaints and diagnoses.

Strong and supportive relationships with parents are key to promoting the mental health of LGBTQ+ teens. Overwhelmingly, studies have focused on ways to improve parental acceptance, largely neglecting understanding the parent–teen dyad as a unit and ignoring teens’ contributions to their relationships with their parents. To address this gap, we conducted 19 separate interviews with LGBTQ+ teens and their Latter-day Saint (LDS) parents (38 total interviews) to explore the ways that teens contributed to the development of positive relationships. Additionally, we explored teen-related factors that presented challenges to the parent–teen relationship. Thematic analyses suggested that LGBTQ+ teens engaged in several behaviors that benefitted their relationships with their LDS parents, including having authentic and meaningful conversations, fostering family connections, engaging in casual communication, being open about LGBTQ+ identity, and giving parents time and grace. Participants reported several common teen-related factors that presented challenges to the relationship, including communication and connection difficulties, challenges related to general development, and parents and teens avoiding LGBTQ+ and religious topics. Results suggest that while several of these factors may be relevant for parent–teen relationships more broadly, many were specific to LGBTQ+ teens with active, LDS parents. These findings highlight the ways that LGBTQ+ teens manage to foster positive relationships with their parents despite potential conflict between their LGBTQ+ identities and their parents’ religious beliefs.

This page provides supplementary information and material in relation to the In My Life project findings (where it is publicly sharable).

This study will explore the factor structure of 23 parental monitoring items assessed via the Family Assessment Task (FAsTask; Dishion, Nelson, & Kavanaugh, 2003), an observer-rated familial interaction task that evaluates parenting processes (e.g., parental monitoring, limit setting). Increased parental monitoring as assessed with the FAsTask is protective against a variety of adolescent outcomes (e.g., substance use [Spirito et al., 2021], depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation [MacPherson et al., 2021]). Dishion et al. recommend two subscales for this measure: child-specific monitoring (n=6 items; e.g., “child spends time away from adult supervision”) and parent-specific monitoring (n=6 items; e.g., “parent monitors where the child spends time”). However, additional items from the measure (e.g., items that assess use of rules or guidelines that facilitate monitoring) may also be valuable in predicting a range of adolescent behaviors. Moreover, we are unaware of any work that has formally evaluated the psychometric properties of the FAsTask.

‘In my life’ is a photography project with year 10 students in England, to inform the development of the ‘Adolescent Sociality Across Cultures’ project.

Participatory Action Research with Disabled Adolescents in Nepal (PARDAN) to develop methods and materials to understand their experience of COVID-19

Introduction People with disabilities have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and there is a need to understand the diversity of experience globally to plan and implement responses. The experience of children and young people with disabilities is often overlooked as research focuses on younger children or adults, and they are not often engaged in the design of research methods to capture their experience. As part of a research project to develop participatory methods with children and young people with disabilities in rural Nepal to research their experience of COVID-19 (PARDAN), we sought to map the literature about experiences of children and young people with disabilities in emergency and COVID-19 contexts, and describe the methods used. This review will inform the development of our methods and will help identify gaps in the literature. Methods We will use Arksey and O’Malley’s (1) and Levac et al’s (2) framework to search for grey and published literature. We will search Scopus, Web of Science, ASSIA, Jstor, Source, Google Scholar, Academia.edu, Researchgate, and Google. We will also search websites of organisations working in emergencies such as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Humanity and Inclusion (HI), CBM International, International Disability Alliance (IDA), Women’s Refugee Commission (WRC), and National Federation of the Disabled Nepal (NFDN). We will approach our advisory committee and personal contacts in disabled persons organisations in the global south to help us locate additional relevant grey literature. Predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied by five reviewers to determine study eligibility. Studies published in English and Nepali and between May 2011 and May 2021 will be reviewed. Methods and findings from literature will be extracted and a descriptive summary will be presented to an advisory committee of disabled persons organisations in Nepal. Discussion Through this review we will identify research gaps and develop implications of our findings which will be presented in a webinar and in publications. The review will be an important resource for those seeking to conduct research about children and young people with disabilities and will inform a global inclusive response to the pandemic which includes the perspectives of children and young people.

Researchers have observed differences in stress levels, and coping abilities and mechanisms based on the community being studied. This paper reports on the impact of extracurricular activities and student communities on stress and coping for youth in the Seattle area. Various self-reports, distributed through school health teachers, were used to gain information on students' stress levels, coping mechanisms, and coping ability. Results indicate that general categorizations of communities and activities (music, sports, etc.) did not demonstrate a significant correlation with students' stress or coping levels. Correlations between stress and coping were found, as were correlations between stress and coping and the number of communities/activities that students were involved in. Results provide insight into how students' activity loads impact their stress and coping levels more than the specific activities they are involved in and open the door to further research in the field.

В данной статье рассматриваются проблемы преступности несовершеннолетних женского пола. Акцентируется внимание на причинах преступности несовершеннолетних женского пола. Рассмотрены факторы риска, которые способствуют совершению преступления несовершеннолетними женского пола. Эти факторы определили неблагоприятные устойчивые тенденции в структуре преступности. Предлагается ряд профилактических мер по предупреждению преступности несовершеннолетних женского пола., This article discusses the problems of juvenile delinquency of female minors. Attention Is focused on the causes of crime of female minors. The risk factors that contribute to the commission of a crime by female minors are considered. These factors have determined unfavorable stable trends in the structure of crime. Thus, a number of preventive measures are proposed to prevent the crime of female minors.

En el presente trabajo se pretende analizar el perfeccionismo como rasgo característico del alumnado de Educación Primaria y Secundaria. El alumnado que presenta rasgos de perfeccionismo auto-orientado, se caracteriza por establecer unos estándares muy elevados en el rendimiento académico, por realizar esfuerzos impecables y por establecer una autoevaluación crítica. Por otro lado, el alumnado con perfeccionismo socialmente prescrito, se caracteriza por las creencias que tiene el sujeto sobre las demandas de las personas significantes de su entorno, siendo estas reales o no. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer la producción científica sobre el perfeccionismo en el alumnado de Educación Primaria y Secundaria, publicada en la base de datos Web of Science entre 2017 y 2020. Tras el análisis de todos los escritos, se obtuvieron un total de 227 artículos, los cuales fueron analizados a través de diversos indicadores bibliométricos. Se observó como en relación a diversas categorías temáticas, como, por ejemplo, la familia, los cambios emocionales o el rendimiento académico, la más repetida en los trabajos analizados era la de Psicopatologías asociadas, relacionada con los trastornos alimenticios, la ansiedad o la depresión. Además, los resultados evidencian que la mayoría de los trabajos se centran en el alumnado de Educación Secundaria, y, por lo tanto, de mayor edad, dejando en un segundo plano la Educación Primaria. Las conclusiones de la investigación dejan ver que la franja de edad de los 6 a los 12 años, aún no ha sido investigada. Finalmente, se discuten y se concluyen diferentes aspectos del tema en relación a las hipótesis planteadas al principio del trabajo, se presentan las limitaciones encontradas a lo largo del estudio, y se hace referencia a las conclusiones. Como posibles futuras líneas de investigación, se propone analizar el perfeccionismo en relación a diversos factores como el género o al ámbito sociocultural del alumnado. In the present work we intend to analyse the perfectionism as a characteristic feature of primary and secondary education students. Students with traits of perfectionism are characterized by setting very high standards in academic performance, making impeccable efforts, and establishing critical self-assessment. On the other hand, students with socially prescribed perfectionism are characterized by the beliefs that the subject has about the demands of significant people in their environment, whether these are real or not. This research aims to know the scientific production on perfectionism in Primary and Secondary Education students, published in the Web of Science database between 2017 and 2020. After analysing all the writings, a total of 227 articles were obtained, which were analyzed through various bibliometric indicators. It was observed that in relation to various thematic categories, such as family, emotional changes or academic performance, the most repeated in the works analyzed was that of Associated Psychopathologies, related to eating disorders, anxiety or depression. In addition, the results show that most of the works focus on Secondary Education students, and, therefore, older students, leaving Primary Education in the background. The conclusions of the investigation show that the age range from 6 to 12 years has not been investigated yet. Finally, different aspects of the subject are discussed and concluded in relation to the hypotheses raised at the beginning of the work, the limitations found throughout the study are presented, and reference is made to the conclusions. As possible future lines of research, it is proposed to analyze perfectionism in relation to various factors such as gender or the sociocultural environment of the students.

La violencia en adolescentes es un tema de especial importancia en la actualidad, además es un tema poco tratado y estudiado, por estos motivos se decidió indagar en algunas de las variables que influyen en el modo de resolver los conflictos de pareja por parte de los ado-lescentes. El estudio tiene como principal objetivo establecer una relación entre las varia-bles sexismo y dependencia emocional y resolución de conflictos en adolescentes. La mues-tra está integrada por 608 adolescentes de cinco institutos de la ciudad de Málaga. Los da-tos del estudio fueron analizados aplicando pruebas paramétricas, índices de correlación y análisis de regresión. Los resultados muestran niveles más favorables en las chicas en el uso de la violencia en las relaciones de pareja, sin embargo se muestran niveles superiores en los chicos en la varia-ble sexismo. También aparecen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la depen-dencia, los conflictos propios y los de pareja. Además se muestra también una asociación positiva entre sexismo y dependencia. Por otra parte, las variables sexismo, dependencia y estrategias de resolución de conflictos en la pareja fueron predictores significativos de las estrategias de resolución de conflictos propias. Finalmente se observa una fuerte asociación entre los conflictos propios y los conflictos de pareja. ., Violence among adolescents is a topic of particular importance at present, it is also a sub-ject rarely treated and studied, because these reasons it was decided to dig a little deeper in this case. The study's main objective is to establish a link between sexism and emotional dependency variables and conflict resolution among adolescents. The sample is composed of 608 adolescents from five institutes in the city of Malaga. The study data were analyzed using nonparametric tests, correlation and regression analysis. The results show more favorable levels in girls in the use of violence in relationships, but shows higher levels in boys in the variable sexism. Also statistically significant difference between the agency, conflicts of self and partner. In addition it also shows a positive asso-ciation between sexism and dependence. On the other hand, sexism variables, dependency and conflict resolution strategies in couples were significant predictors of conflict resolution strategies themselves. Finally there is a strong association between own conflicts and marital conflict. .

The growing amount of screen time among adolescents has raised concerns about the effects it may have on their physical and psychological health. Although the literature is divided on whether the effects are mostly positive, neutral, or mostly negative, it is likely that the impacts will be highly individualized with a mixture of good and bad consequences for each person. Understanding behavioral and neurobiological phenomena of adolescence may help to guide research and interventions to optimize the benefits and minimize the risks. Particular aspects of adolescent development relevant to the issue include: (i) hunger for human connectedness; (ii) appetite for adventure; and (iii) desire for data. .La creciente cantidad de tiempo que pasan los adolescentes frente a la pantalla ha generado preocupaciones acerca de los efectos que esto puede producir en su salud física y psicológica. Aunque la literatura está dividida entre efectos mayormente positivos, neutros o mayormente negativos, es probable que las consecuencias sean altamente individualizadas con una combinación de buenos y malos resultados para cada persona. La comprensión de los fenómenos conductuales y neurobiológicos de la adolescencia puede ayudar a guiar la investigación y las intervenciones para optimizar los beneficios y minimizar los riesgos. Los aspectos particulares del desarrollo adolescente relevantes para el tema incluyen: (1) hambre de conectividad humana, (2) apetito por la aventura y (3) deseo de datos.Les adolescents passant de plus en plus de temps sur les écrans, des questions se posent quant aux effets possibles sur leur santé physique et psychologique. Dans la littérature, les avis sont partagés entre effets surtout positifs, neutres ou surtout négatifs, mais en réalité les répercussions sont propres à chaque individu, avec un mélange de conséquences positives et négatives. Afin d'optimiser les avantages et de minimiser les risques, la recherche et les traitements pourraient bénéficier de la compréhension des phénomènes comportementaux et neurobiologiques de l'adolescence, en particulier la soif de contacts humains, le désir d'aventure et l’intérêt pour les données qui sont autant d’aspects qui comptent dans ce cadre.

Background & Aims Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is common among adolescents, but the prevalence of significant fibrosis in this age group is not known. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of MAFLD and significant (≥F2) fibrosis by transient elastography (TE) in adolescents in the United States. Methods We analyzed TE data from participants 12–18 years old included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018 (data available from 867 adolescents). Steatosis was evaluated by the median controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and fibrosis by median liver stiffness measurement. Results Two-hundred forty participants (24.16%; 95% CI, 21.07–27.24) had any degree of steatosis (CAP≥248 dBm), 123 participants (11.6%; 95% CI, 9.19–14.06) had S3 steatosis (CAP≥280 dBm), and 51 participants (4.4%; 95% CI, 2.51–6.33) had significant fibrosis (liver stiffness ≥7.4 kPa). Multivariate analyses revealed that body mass index (odds ratio [OR] per unit increase, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.2–1.4), sex (OR female vs male participants , 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4–0.7), ethnicity (OR, Hispanic vs non-Hispanic white, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.7–11.8), and hypertension (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.3–9.9) were associated with S3 steatosis, whereas body mass index (OR, 1.1 per unit increase; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2) and ethnicity (OR, non-Hispanic black vs non-Hispanic white, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.2–13.2) were associated with significant fibrosis. High proportions of participants with fibrosis were in the normal weight category (35%) and had normal levels of alanine aminotransferase (78%). Conclusions Prevalence of MAFLD and significant fibrosis are alarmingly high in adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018. Levels of alanine aminotransferase and blood biomarkers do not correctly identify adolescents with more advanced disease. Effective noninvasive strategies to differentiate simple steatosis from progressive forms are urgently needed.

Introduction.In today’s world, a problem of vandalism has become rather widespread. Vandals damage monuments of cultural heritage, historic sights and other types of public space. A theoretical aspect of vandalism is registered in jurisprudence, which is guided principally by regulatory approach to the solution of questions of the violation of laws and recognised rules of human coexistence. However, focusing only on the application of administrative and criminal sanctions to those guilty of vandal offenses, does not allow reducing the excessive number of universal manifestations of vandalism, which have been increased recently, by avoiding psychological factors. Theaimsof the publication were the following: to actualise and discuss the problem of vandal behaviour among adolescents; to denote a problem field of psychological research, which is necessary for identifying genesis, vandal determination and further organisation of effective preventive activity in educational institutions.Methodology and research methods.The methodological basis of the research involved hermeneutic and dialectic approaches, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and synthesis of scientific data.Results and scientific novelty.The author attempted to interpret the problem of vandal behaviour of adolescents from the point of view of interdisciplinary understanding. The author highlighted the need for a detailed psychological analysis of the phenomenon under study, its causes and predictors for the formation of adequate measures to reduce the spread of vandalism in the public space. The contradictions in the psychological theory, educational practice and consciousness of society were revealed: between the widespread occurrence of acts of vandal behaviour and the limited methods and means to prevent it; between the mass involvement of adolescents in vandalism and the lack of specialised age-based programmes to correct vandal behaviour; between the prevalence of unauthorized graphic activity of schoolchildren and other forms of vandal behaviour in the educational environment and the reluctance of teachers and administration of educational institutions to recognise this as a noteworthy problem; between the social significance of determination of lawful and effective punishment (in terms of prevention) and insufficient attention to personal reasons that encourage a person to commit or not to commit vandal acts; between common scientific interest in the individual psychological and socio-typological features of adolescents committing vandalism and inadequate attention to the socio-psychological motivational determinants, initiating and forming the readiness to commit vandal actions. The outlined discrepancies allowed the author to plan a general trajectory of the required research, in which the phenomenon of vandalism has to be considered in the context of realisation of personal subjectivity.Practical significance. It is known that small forms of vandal behaviour can be transformed to heavier types of destructive behaviour, right up to antisocial ones. Nevertheless, the ambiguous perception of vandal acts in society and scientific community, lack of a clear boundary in understanding of acceptability or unacceptability of kinds of this phenomenon is interfered with creation of effective model of counteraction of its expansion. On the one hand, the designated direction of scientific search can generate knowledge of essence of such deviant behaviour as vandalism, and, on the other hand, vandalism has the practice-focused importance as it can establish the foundation for the development of approaches of educational influence, which prevent the manifestations of vandalism.

Resumen Enmarcados en el contexto actual de globalización existen múltiples factores sociales, económicos, culturales, de política pública y comunicación, los cuales pueden afectar el bienestar del individuo y la colectividad. Es así, como la realidad contemporánea posiciona a los adolescentes como un grupo atáreo de interés particular para las organizaciones internacionales y de control; quienes lo perciben como una figura vulnerada, que demanda atención social y de salud; a su vez representa el futuro de la comunidad. En este sentido, la educación permite crear estrategias de alto rendimiento para la salud. Por medio de intervención educativa, desde el ámbito social y comunitario, se alfabetiza en salud; recurriendo a la pedagogía social, ciencia que brinda por medio de la ASC (animación sociocultural) estrategias para el empoderamiento en la salud de la sociedad. El concepto de educación para la salud no es nuevo. Es un constructo que se ha modificado acorde con las necesidades del individuo en el contexto social; han surgido divergencias en relación con el campo de acción de este; justamente, en muchos casos no existe una sistematización y organización de la misma. De la misma manera, falta realizar seguimiento o evaluación a las actividades relacionadas con la promoción; se debe evidenciar mayores resultados en relación con las intervenciones que han surgido desde las diferentes disciplinas. Ha existido un desinterés relacionado con la promoción, se ha enfatizado más a los aspectos relacionados con la atención y tratamiento, lo cual ha llevado no solo al aumento en la morbilidad, sino a la crisis económica la que se encuentra el sector salud por costos incalculables del tratamiento y control de las enfermedades crónica. Abstract Within the current context of globalization, there are multiple social, economic, cultural, communication and health policy factors that affect the well-being of each individual and of the community. Contemporary reality positions adolescents as a group of activities of particular interest to international and control organizations; Is conceived as a violated figure, which demands social and health care; In turn represents the future of the community. In this sense, education allows the creation of high performance strategies for health. Through educational intervention, from the social and community level, literacy in health; Using social pedagogy, a science that provides through the ASC (sociocultural animation) strategies for empowerment in the health of society. The concept of health education is not new. It is a construct that has been modified according to the needs of the individual in the social context, have emerged divergences in relation to the field of action of this, precisely in many cases there is no systematization and organization of it. In the same way, there is no need to follow up or evaluate the activities related to the promotion, it is necessary to show greater results in relation to the interventions that have arisen from the different disciplines. There has been a lack of interest related to the promotion, has been emphasized more to the aspects related to care and treatment, leading not only to the increase in morbidity, but to the economic crisis that the health sector is incalculable costs of treatment and Control of chronic diseases.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Self-harm (SH) is a risk factor for suicide. We aimed to determine whether internet addiction and internet exposure to confided suicidal ideation are associated with SH in adolescents. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey of students who self-completed a series of online questionnaires including a sociodemographic information questionnaire, questionnaire for suicidality and SH, Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), multi-dimensional support scale (MDSS), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C), and questionnaire for substance abuse. RESULTS: A total of 2479 students completed the questionnaires (response rate = 62.1%). They had a mean age of 15.44 years (range 14-19 years; standard deviation 0.61), and were mostly female (n = 1494; 60.3%). The prevalence of SH within the previous year was 10.1% (n = 250). Among the participants, 17.1% had internet addiction (n = 425) and 3.3% had been exposed to suicidal content on the internet (n = 82). In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis, internet addiction and internet exposure to suicidal thoughts were both significantly related to an increased risk of SH, after controlling for gender, family factors, exposure to suicidal thoughts in the real life, depression, alcohol/tobacco use, concurrent suicidality, and perceived social support. However, the association between internet addiction and SH weakened after adjusting for the level of self-esteem, while internet exposure to suicidal thoughts remained significantly related to an increased risk of SH (odds ratio = 1.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.06-3.64). CONCLUSION: Online experiences are associated with SH in adolescents. Preventive strategies may include education to increase social awareness, to identify the youths most at risk, and to provide prompt help.Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V. Language: en

According to official data of World Health Organization, every year, an estimated 21 million girls aged 15 to 19 years, and 2 million girls aged under 15 years become pregnant in developing regions. Approximately 16 million girls aged 15 to 19 years and 2.5 million girls under 16 years give birth each year in developing regions. Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death for 15 to 19 year-old girls globally. Every year, some 3.9 million girls aged 15 to 19 years undergo unsafe abortions. Adolescent mothers (ages 10 to 19 years) face higher risks of eclampsia, puerperal endometritis, and systemic infections than women aged 20 to 24 years, and babies born to adolescent mothers face higher risks of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and severe neonatal conditions than those born to women aged 20 to 24 years.

Background: Pregnancy at adolescence is at high risk because it can cause fetal death. The reproductive system in adolescents is not ready for fetal growth and development. The first experience of labor is one of the causes of stress due to a lack of knowledge about the signs of labor and the severity of labor. Incomplete information, and not necessarily true, will lead to the perception that labor is a negative, frightening, and dangerous thing. Feeling anxious about something they will experience during labor so that it can cause stress which will affect the labor process. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between perceptions of pregnancy and stress in facing labor. Methods: This type of research uses the method correlation analytic conducted in April 2018, the population and samples of third trimester teenage pregnant women, the dependent variable perceptual and independent stress, this study used a total sampling technique, the measuring instrument used the questionnaire and used the test chi square. Results: The results of the statistical test show that p-0.00 (α Conclusion: Mothers who have positive perceptions or perspectives about pregnancy give rise to positive perceptions so that they do not experience stress or only experience mild stress that will help smooth the delivery process.

Vaping is popular among adolescents. Previous research has explored sources of information and influence on youth vaping, including marketing, ads, family, peers, social media, and the internet. This research endeavors to expand understanding of peer influence. Our hypothesis is that friends’ influence on teen vapers’ first electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use varies by demographic variables and awareness of ENDS advertising. In August–October 2017, youth (n = 3174) aged 13–18 completed an online survey to quantify ENDS behaviors and attitudes and were invited to participate in follow-up online research in November-December 2017 to probe qualitative context around perceptions and motivations (n = 76). This analysis focused on the ENDS users, defined as having ever tried any ENDS product, from the survey (n = 1549) and the follow-up research (n = 39). Among survey respondents, friends were the most common source of vapers’ first ENDS product (60%). Most survey respondents tried their first ENDS product while “hanging out with friends” (54%). Among follow-up research participants, the theme of socializing was also prominent. ENDS advertising and marketing through social media had a strong association with friend networks, in fact, the odds of friends as source of the first vaping experience were 2 times higher for those who had seen ENDS ads on social media compared with other types of media. The influence of friends is particularly evident among non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics/Latinos, those living in urban areas, those living in high-income households, those with higher self-esteem, and those who experiment with vaping. These findings support the premise that peer influence is a primary social influencer and reinforcer for vaping. Being included in a popular activity appears to be a strong driving force.

Background Motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of teen deaths in spite of preventive efforts. Prevention strategies could be advanced through new analytic approaches that allow us to better conceptualize the complex processes underlying teen crash risk. This may help policymakers design appropriate interventions and evaluate their impacts. Methods System Dynamics methodology was used as a new way of representing factors involved in the underlying process of teen crash risk. Systems dynamics modeling is relatively new to public health analytics and is a promising tool to examine relative influence of multiple interacting factors in predicting a health outcome. Dynamics models use explicit statements about the process being studied and depict how the elements within the system interact; this usually leads to discussion and improved insight. A Teen Driver System Model was developed by following an iterative process where causal hypotheses were translated into systems of differential equations. These equations were then simulated to test whether they can reproduce historical teen driving data. The Teen Driver System Model that we developed was calibrated on 47 newly-licensed teen drivers. These teens were recruited and followed over a period of 5-months. A video recording system was used to gather data on their driving events (elevated g-force, near-crash, and crash events) and miles traveled. Results The analysis suggests that natural risky driving improvement curve follows a course of a slow improvement, then a faster improvement, and finally a plateau: that is, an S-shaped decline in driving events. Individual risky driving behavior depends on initial risk and driving exposure. Our analysis also suggests that teen risky driving improvement curve is created endogenously by several feedback mechanisms. A feedback mechanism is a chain of variables interacting with each other in such a way they form a closed path of cause and effect relationships. Conclusions Teen risky driving improvement process is created endogenously by several feedback mechanisms. The model proposed in the present article to reflect this improvement process can spark discussion, which may pinpoint to additional processes that can benefit from further empirical research and result in improved insight.

Background Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for teens 14–19 years of age, with younger teen drivers at higher risk than older teens. Graduated driver licensing has been proven to reduce teen driver-related motor vehicle crashes and fatalities. Arkansas allows parents to request age waivers, which allow a teen to obtain a license for independent driving before the sixteenth birthday. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the prevalence of age waivers issued in Arkansas and (2) determine motor vehicle crash risks associated with 14 and 15 year old drivers. Methods This is a brief report on an informative query exploring risk factors related to age waivers. Publicly available databases were utilized for across state comparisons. The Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting Systems (WISQARS) was utilized to calculate motor vehicle crash crude death rates. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration data were utilized to identify seat belt use rates. The Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS) was utilized to identify crash fatality risks for 14 and 15 year old drivers in Arkansas (N = 24). Age waiver data were obtained from the Arkansas Driver Control Administration. De-identified data on fatal crashes and rates of age waiver issuance in Arkansas for 14 and 15 year olds from 2004 through 2016 were calculated. Results We reviewed crash data for 14 and 15 year old drivers in Arkansas between 2004 and 2014 to determine fatality risks. Thirty-one out of seventy-five counties in Arkansas were above the state age waiver issuance rate of 30.4 per 1000 14 to 15 year old teens. Among the four states that had similar age waivers for 14 to 15 year olds, Arkansas had the highest motor vehicle death rate of 10.2 per 100,000 young teens and the lowest seat belt use rate at 73%. Conclusions Arkansas had the highest reported teen crash fatality rates among 4 states with age waivers. The volume of age waivers issued in Arkansas is concerning. Further research is needed to understand parental motivation when asking for age waivers and their level of awareness of the risks involved.

Study Objectives: This study will (1) estimate the nightly sleep need of human adolescents, (2) determine the time course and severity of sleep-related deficits when sleep is reduced below this optimal quantity, and (3) determine whether sleep restriction perturbs the circadian system as well as the sleep homeostat. Methods: Thirty-four adolescents aged 15 to 17 years spent 10 days and nine nights in the sleep laboratory. Between two baseline nights and two recovery nights with 10 hours’ time in bed (TIB) per night, participants experienced either severe sleep restriction (5-hour TIB), moderate sleep restriction (7.5-hour TIB), or no sleep restriction (10-hour TIB) for five nights. A 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT; lapse = response after 500 ms) and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale were administered every 3 hours during wake. Salivary dim-light melatonin onset was calculated at baseline and after four nights of each sleep dose to estimate circadian phase. Results: Dose-dependent deficits to sleep duration, circadian phase timing, lapses of attention, and subjective sleepiness occurred. Less TIB resulted in less sleep, more lapses of attention, greater subjective sleepiness, and larger circadian phase delays. Sleep need estimated from 10-hour TIB sleep opportunities was approximately 9 hours, while modeling PVT lapse data suggested that 9.35 hours of sleep is needed to maintain optimal sustained attention performance. Conclusions: Sleep restriction perturbs homeostatic and circadian systems, leading to dose-dependent deficits to sustained attention and sleepiness. Adolescents require more sleep for optimal functioning than typically obtained. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

ResumenIntroducciónLa salud bucal forma parte de la salud general, siendo reconocida como un componente esencial para la calidad de vida. Se ha desarrollado hace algunos años el concepto de «calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal», para esto se han creado diferentes índices enfocados en adultos y niños. Para estos últimos se desarrolló el Child- Oral index in Daily Performances (Child-OIDP), el cual consta de 8 dimensiones que evalúan el impacto de la salud bucal en la realización de sus actividades diarias.ObjetivoEvaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal a través del índice Child-OIDP en escolares de 11 a 14 años de la comuna de Licantén en el 2013.MetodologíaSe utilizó la encuesta Child-OIDP en la totalidad de 203 escolares de 11 a 14 años del sector urbano de la comuna. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los datos determinando medidas de distribución por frecuencia y porcentaje, y promedios con su desviación estándar. Las diferencias en los valores del Child-OIDP se determinaron con test no paramétricos: chi cuadrado, Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon, todas con un nivel de significación de p

El presente artículo de investigación muestra los resultados de un estudio, cuyo objetivo fue analizar la relación existente entre el maltrato familiar y la ideación suicida en adolescentes esco-larizados de colegios públicos y privados de Tunja, Duitama y Sogamoso, mediante un estudio correlacional descriptivo. Se contó con la participación de 676 estudiantes, los cuales se seleccionaron a través de un muestreo no probabilístico de manera intencional. Se aplicó el cuestionario PANSI (Osman, Gutiérrez, Kopper, Barrios & Chiros, 1998) para determinar la ideación suicida y se diseñó uno para establecer la presencia de maltrato familiar. Los resultados muestran una correlación de 0,173, lo que indica una relación débil. Estos resultados no permiten afirmar que el maltrato familiar sea un predictor para la ideación suicida, pero sí se puede presentar como un factor de riesgo. This paper shows the results of the research which aims to analyze the relationship between domestic abuse and suicidal ideation among adolescent students of public and private schools from Tunja, Duitama and Sogamoso through a descriptive correlational study. 676 studends who were intentionally selected through non-probability sampling were involved. The questionnaire PANSI (Osman, Gutiérrez, Kopper, Barrios & Chiros, 1998) was applied to determine the suicidal ideation and to establish the presence of domestic abuse. The results show a correlation of 0,173 indicating a weak relationship. These results do not support the conclusion that domestic abuse is a predictor for suicidal ideation, but it can be presented as a risk factor.

Trabajo fin de máster. Defendido en 2017. La parada cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) es una situación de máxima urgencia, que potencialmente puede ser reversible si se inician maniobras de Primeros Auxilios, concretamente la técnica de reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) de forma inmediata. Sin embargo esto sucede en menos de la mitad de los casos, por lo que es necesario aumentar el conocimiento de estas maniobras en la población, siendo los adolescentes el colectivo diana, ya que estos se encuentran en una etapa en el que el aprendizaje es rápido. Por lo que en este trabajo se realiza una propuesta didáctica de inclusión de la unidad de primeros auxilios en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), así como, mostrar que el Centro Educativo es el lugar idóneo para las nociones de las técnicas de Primeros Auxilios, concienciar sobre la importancia de dichas técnicas y que los adolescentes adquieran conocimientos y habilidades en Primeros Auxilios. Por lo que se opta en primer lugar a una búsqueda bibliográfica donde varios estudios coinciden en que los resultados obtenidos tras la formación son mayores que los a priori, siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas. A posteriori se realiza la propuesta didáctica de la Unidad en Primeros Auxilios, la cual se incluye en la asignatura de Educación Física, de 4º de la ESO. Abstract: The cardiorespiratory (PCR) is a situation of maximum urgency, if reversible be of can of the potentially first maneuvers are initiated it will contract, specifically the technique of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately. Nevertheless, this happens in less than half of the cases, for it is necessary to increase awareness of these maneuvers in the population, being the collective target teens because they are at a stage in the learning is fast. By what in this work is a didactic proposal for the inclusion of the first unit served in secondary education entities (SEE), as well as show Education Center is the suitable place for notions of techniques first attended, raising awareness about the importance of these techniques and adolescents acquire knowledge and skills in first served. Therefore, a bibliographical search is chosen first where several studies agree that the results obtained after the training are higher than the a priori, being the differences statistically significant. A posteriori the didactic proposal of the Unit in First Aid is realized which is included in the subject of Physical Education, of 4 º of the SEE. Ordenador con navegador de Internet ; Adobe Acrobat Reader 53 p. (Según el contador de la aplicación)

Adolescence is a time where a lot of people suffer from anxiety, restlessness, and confusion when searching an identity. At this time some of the teenagers who thought with consuming drinking may increase their confidence becomes more and more acceptable to the environment or peers. Many factors can influence drinking behavior in adolescents, because the purpose of this study was to determine the environmental background of consumption drinking in adolescents in Gayaman Village, District Mojoanyar - Mojokerto. This study used analytical method and crossectional approach. The population in this study were all teenagers at Gayaman Mojoanyar Mojokerto. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling so that the sample was 42 adolescents. Data analized by using regression analysis (5 predictors). The results showed a positive correlation between environmental factors such as family aspect (rX1Y = 0.622 and p = 0.000 and p

Background Previous research has demonstrated emotional, psychological and educational harm to young mothers following unintended conceptions. The UK has one of the highest rates of pregnancies in adolescence in Western Europe with a high proportion of these being repeat pregnancies, making it a topic of interest for public health policy makers, and health and social care practitioners. As part of a wider mixed-methods systematic review, realist principles were applied to synthesise evidence about interventions aiming to reduce repeat pregnancies in adolescence. Methods A multi-streamed, mixed-methods systematic review was conducted searching 11 major electronic databases and 9 additional databases from 1995 onwards, using key terms such as pregnancy, teen or adolescent. The principles of realist synthesis were applied to all included literature to uncover theories about what works, for whom, how and in what context. Initial theory areas were developed through evidence scoping, group discussion by the authors and stakeholder engagement to uncover context + mechanism = outcome (CMO) configurations and related narratives. Results The searches identified 8,664 documents initially, and 403 in repeat searches, filtering to 81 included studies, including qualitative studies, randomised controlled trials, quantitative studies and grey literature. Three CMO configurations were developed. The individual experiences of young mothers’ triggered self-efficacy, notions of perceived risks, susceptibility and benefits of pregnancy, resulting in the adolescent taking control of their fertility and sexual encounters. The choice between motherhood and other goals triggered notions of motivations, resulting in the adolescent managing their expectations of motherhood and controlling their fertility and sexual encounters. Barriers and facilitators to accessing services triggered notions of connectedness and self-determination; resulting in interventions that are tailored so they are relevant to young persons, and improve access to services and engagement with the issue of pregnancy in adolescence. Conclusions Pregnancy in adolescence is a complex issue with many factors to consider. The conceptual platform described here could help guide policy makers and professionals towards a number of areas that need to be attended to in order to increase the likelihood of an intervention working to prevent rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescence. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42012003168 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1066-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

45-48 Целью настоящей статьи является поиск путей возрождения отечественного духовного наследия художественной культуры в современных образовательных системах: семье и школе. Наиболее активное усвоение образцов культурного наследия и реализации в деятельности и поведении происходит в подростковом возрасте, когда растущий человек стремится к утверждению себя в мире взрослых, следуя образцам, аккумулированным в традициях и обычаях национальной культуры The purpose of this article is to find ways of reviving the national spiritual heritage of artistic culture in the modern educational system: family and school. The most active absorption of samples of cultural heritage and the implementation of activities and the behavior occurs in adolescence, when the growing person seeks to assert themselves in the adult world, following the samples accumulated in the traditions and customs of national culture

© 2016 Biktagirova & Valeeva.This article focuses on the development of specialized programs of family values of adolescents from families with many children formation and the experimental study of their effectiveness. The main forms and methods in the study of this problem are the observation, interviews, questionnaires, psychological tests and pedagogical experiment allowing verifying the effectiveness of the proposed program for the formation of family values of adolescents from families with many children. The article deals with the timeliness and importance of the problem of family values of children from large families formation, the current state of the problem in psychological and pedagogical literature, theoretical and experimental study of the family values of adolescents from large families formation, specifics of upbringing in a large family. It is experimentally proved the need for the development and testing of special programs on the formation of the adolescents’ family values using various forms and methods of working with large family.

45-48 Целью настоящей статьи является поиск путей возрождения отечественного духовного наследия художественной культуры в современных образовательных системах: семье и школе. Наиболее активное усвоение образцов культурного наследия и реализации в деятельности и поведении происходит в подростковом возрасте, когда растущий человек стремится к утверждению себя в мире взрослых, следуя образцам, аккумулированным в традициях и обычаях национальной культуры The purpose of this article is to find ways of reviving the national spiritual heritage of artistic culture in the modern educational system: family and school. The most active absorption of samples of cultural heritage and the implementation of activities and the behavior occurs in adolescence, when the growing person seeks to assert themselves in the adult world, following the samples accumulated in the traditions and customs of national culture

45-48 Целью настоящей статьи является поиск путей возрождения отечественного духовного наследия художественной культуры в современных образовательных системах: семье и школе. Наиболее активное усвоение образцов культурного наследия и реализации в деятельности и поведении происходит в подростковом возрасте, когда растущий человек стремится к утверждению себя в мире взрослых, следуя образцам, аккумулированным в традициях и обычаях национальной культуры The purpose of this article is to find ways of reviving the national spiritual heritage of artistic culture in the modern educational system: family and school. The most active absorption of samples of cultural heritage and the implementation of activities and the behavior occurs in adolescence, when the growing person seeks to assert themselves in the adult world, following the samples accumulated in the traditions and customs of national culture

Background: The puberty as a stage of life is an important developmental process. Teen girls have numerous health care needs and their specific aspects should be considered. Objectives: In this study we applied explanatory model to determine the role of health belief model constructs on physical puberty health among teen girls. Materials and Methods: This correlational cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011, and attempted to determine the total, indirect and direct effects of health belief model construct on physical puberty health behaviors. The population studied included 61 girls aged from 12 to 19 years from welfare boarding centers in Iran (Tehran), and selected by convenience sampling method. Data on demographic characteristics, health belief model constructs and physical puberty health behaviors were collected using an interview-based questionnaire, and analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results: The perceived variables such as susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers and cues to action showed their direct effects on physical puberty health behaviors. Also perceived benefits affected physical puberty health behaviors indirectly through perceived susceptibility. The total effect of perceived benefits on physical puberty health behaviors was 0.292. There are positive significant relationships between perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and physical puberty health behaviors as well as path coefficient. SE for each of them were, (0.27 (0.11)), (0.32 (0.09)) and (0.2 (0.06)), respectively. Conclusions: Since benefits of physical puberty health behavior were the most important predictor of this puberty health behavior, it is concluded that increasing the benefits along with improving each of the perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers and cues to action can lead to increasing physical puberty health behavior and health promotion.

Fifteen-year-old Mathieu DuBois (1) and I were seated in his family's den during one of many semi-structured interviews conducted throughout this study. Mathieu had been excitedly explaining to me how much he enjoyed the diversity of his suburban neighborhood, Rockdale. Yet, when I asked him if any of his classmates also lived in his neighborhood the tone of the conversation changed. With a frown on his face, he informed me that most of his classmates lived outside of his neighborhood and that several of them had made negative comments about Rockdale. I asked him to elaborate on their comments and he provided a conversation he had during his freshman year with several White classmates at his predominantly White high school as an example: ... sometimes I eat lunch with my friends at school, and like last year, some of the guys would be like "aw man, Rockdale's a bad place." And I'm just like "Why?". Every time there's a majority, like, there's a good, like, Black population in this town, they would say "yeah there are police cars everywhere." I'm just like, "You can't really say that." (Mathieu, Interview, May, 2011) As our conversation continued, Mathieu struggled to comprehend why "Black" neighborhoods were considered "bad" and "poor." He disliked the stigmas that were associated with Black communities and he wished that some of his classmates would not automatically assume that Rockdale needed to be constantly patrolled by police. Research has shown that the negative traits Mathieu's friends associated with Rockdale are similar to the reactions numerous other similar communities experience (boyd, 2014; Wells, 2009). Residents from neighborhoods that are associated with Black and Latino groups are often stereotyped as delinquents who are unable or uninterested in developing the social skills and traits needed for social success (Rothstein, 2004; Wells, 2009). Furthermore, these negative reactions can be associated with some communities such as Rockdale simply because they were perceived as Black neighborhoods even if the majority of their population was White. Mathieu stated that his classmates were mistaken about the ethnic makeup of his neighborhood: "[Rockdale] isn't even a majority Black town, it's just a very diverse place." The importance of social skills and traits has been discussed for many years. Dewey (1909) introduced the term "social intelligence" and initially defined it as "the power of observing and comprehending social situations" (p. 51). Thorndike (1920) popularized the term and further defined it as "the ability to understand and manage men and women, boys and girls--to act wisely in human relations" (p. 228). Interpersonal intelligence (Gardner, 2004), intrapersonal intelligence (Gardner, 2004), emotional intelligence (Salovey & Mayer, 1990), non-cognitive skills (Heckman & Rubinstein, 2001), and grit (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007) are examples of additional terms that have been used to describe the social skills that are deemed necessary for success. I use the term "social success skills" as an umbrella term to cover these skills and all other skills that are needed to achieve social success. Past studies have explored how various negative societal stereotypes across the world unfairly over-represent non-White and lower socioeconomic students as individuals who lack the social success skills needed to achieve professional, academic, and social success (Wald & Losen, 2003; Warikoo, 2005; Youdell, 2003). Additionally, several scholars have concluded that some Whites and individuals from higher socioeconomic communities believe that these stereotypes are true and often rationalize the persistence of the inequalities in various societies with explanations influenced by their beliefs in these societal stereotypes (DiTomaso, 2013; Ispa-Landa, 2013; Wells, 2009; Wald & Losen, 2003; Youdell, 2003). Research also reveals that many Whites and higher earning teachers, students, employers, and employees tolerate and further perpetuate these social inequalities and beliefs in these stereotypes by displaying favoritism towards individuals from within their groups. …

Orientador: Maria Helena Baena de Moraes Lopes Texto em português e inglês Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Enfermagem Resumo: Objetivos: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente para a língua portuguesa do Brasil o material educativo "Your Pelvic Floor", criado na língua inglesa, para divulgar entre as adolescentes informações sobre o assoalho pélvico e comparar o conhecimento de um grupo de adolescentes sobre essa temática, antes e após a leitura deste material já traduzido e adaptado. Métodos: A pesquisa foi dividida em três momentos. No primeiro momento, foi realizada a adaptação cultural do material educativo "Your Pelvic Floor" para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. No segundo momento, as pesquisadoras criaram um questionário com cinco questões de múltipla escolha baseadas nos tópicos abordados no material educativo e validado por um comitê de especialistas. No terceiro momento da pesquisa, foram realizadas sessões educativas compostas por três etapas: pré-teste, leitura do material traduzido e pós-teste. No pré-teste, as adolescentes responderam o questionário, cujo objetivo era avaliar as informações prévias delas sobre o assoalho pélvico. Após essa etapa, foi realizada a leitura em grupo do material "Seu Assoalho Pélvico". Ao final de cada sessão, realizava-se o pós-teste, momento em que se aplicava novamente o questionário usado no pré-teste com o objetivo de avaliar mudanças do conhecimento das alunas sobre o assunto. Resultados: O processo de adaptação cultural foi composto de cinco etapas, de acordo com as recomendações metodológicas da literatura internacional: tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, avaliação pelo Comitê de Especialistas e pré-teste. As três primeiras etapas foram realizadas a contento. Os membros do comitê de especialistas fizeram algumas modificações para assegurar as equivalências entre as versões original e traduzida. No pré-teste, o material traduzido foi lido por 32 adolescentes, com idade entre 10 e 18 anos, que compuseram quatro grupos focais divididos de acordo com a faixa etária. Elas sugeriram mudanças de alguns termos e palavras para melhorar sua compreensão, sendo estas aceitas e aprovadas pelo comitê, ficando a versão final intitulada "Seu Assoalho Pélvico". Com base na versão final do material educativo, desenvolveu-se sessão educativa com 16 adolescentes, com idade entre 11 e 18 anos, que responderam o questionário sobre o tema antes e após a leitura em grupo da brochura "Seu assoalho Pélvico". Após a leitura do material, o número de questões corretas foi significativamente (p

Technical Report, Given teen drivers’ overrepresentation in motor vehicle crashes, a study was conducted to examine whether teens, as a less experienced driver population, might benefit most from an integrated collision warning system. The same integrated warning system had previously been tested with adult drivers, and the intent was to discover whether teens, in particular, would realize greater safety benefits from the integrated crash warning system. In general, the findings for teen drivers were similar to those for an adult cohort. While some, limited safety positive effects were observed with teens, they were generally comparable to those effects observed with an adult cohort population. The presence of the integrated warning system did have some safety positive effects on lateral control of the vehicle by teen drivers – including a 24% reduction in lane departures and 5-fold increase in turn signal usage when compared to a control group. However, the effects were less pronounced, and of mixed impact, when it came to the longitudinal control of the vehicle. Like their adult cohorts, teens generally offered a favorable impression of the integrated collision warning system. While some specific safety-positive effects were observed, they were not as prevalent as one might have anticipated or hoped for given teens’ overrepresentation in motor vehicle crashes.

The role of the collective sports in the development of communicative abilities of teenagers deviants. The features of the use of collective sports in extracurricular educational work. Characterized by collective sports games, which have been used in the pedagogical experiment. In the experiment involved 360 adolescents. For the control experiment 1 is formed, and 5 experimental groups of 6 subgroups each, depending on the type of deviant behavior. In the experimental groups used a combination of three pedagogical conditions. It is established that the use of three pedagogical conditions allowed to raise the level of development of communication skills by 50%. If you have two pedagogical conditions improved level of communication skills is increased by 26.67% and 33.33%.

Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования личностных детерминант протестного поведения. Определены специфические виды направленности протеста в зависимости от его детерминации тенденциями к личностным расстройствам. Доказана неконструктивность, дезадаптивность протестного поведения подростков, его обусловленность внутриличностным конфликтом. Показано, что снижение напряженности этого конфликта приведет к уменьшению выраженности протестного поведения у подростков. The article presents the results of empirical research of personal determinant of protest behavior. Identify specific types of orientation protest depending on the determination of the trends of the personality disorders. Proven non-constructive protest behaviour of adolescents in its relation to personal conflict. Reducing tensions in the conflict will lead to reduction of protest behavior. Лавриченко Ольга Валерьевна, преподаватель кафедры психологии, Кубанский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и туризма, г. Краснодар, olga.lavrichenko@mail.ru. O.V. Lavrichenko, Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, olga.lavrichenko@mail.ru

Presentamos los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo con un grupo de estudiantes de un municipio de economía ganadera del interior de Galicia. Aplicamos técnicas de investigación cualitativa y de observación participante durante diversas sesiones de trabajo desarrolladas en su centro de enseñanza. Hemos querido comprobar con qué intención se comunican a través de los teléfonos móviles los jóvenes rurales y si hay alguna diferencia significativa que se deba al sexo. Todo apunta a que la incomunicación y aislamiento rural comienza a superarse con la telefonía móvil. We present the results of research carried out with a group of students from a municipality Galician livestock economy. We apply qualitative research techniques and participant observation during several work sessions conducted in their school. We wanted to see how the rural youth communicate through cell phones and if there is any significant difference due to sex. All indications are that the isolation begins to overcome thanks to the spread of mobile telephony Investigación desarrollada en el marco del proyecto Sociedad de la Información y Desarrollo Urbano y Regional (Sindur) financiado por el Gobierno de España (CSO2009-10938) y la colaboración de alumnos y profesores del Instituto de Educación Secundaria de Santa Comba en A Coruña SI

This study focused on the pastoral guidance of the emotional wounded teen on the basis of a number of broad markers from the book Ecclesiastes. From the basis–theoretical research (Chapters 2 and 3) it was clear that it is a major challenge to come to a proper understanding of the nature and problems of the teen and his experiences.It there is the necessary understanding of all the relevant aspects and if these are handled correctly, it can promote the growth process of the teen developing an intimate relationship with God, and eventually also lead to the experience of a true sense of life and joy. From Ecclesiastes a number of guidelines were identified which can assist in giving the teen the necessary perspective about his daily life struggles. Answers to the search for sense and joy in life do not lie in people and things under the sun, but in a living and intimate relationship with God, in other words in that which is above the sun (to use the imagery of Ecclesiastes). The meta–theoretical section focused on contributions from the adjacent disciplines. Here it was clear that the emotional wounding of the teen results in damage to the forming of identity and self–esteem.When the teen, in a changing environment, does not experience safety and security within healthy relationships, it quite often leads to an identity crisis and to more wounding. From the empirical research it transpired that, as a result of the burden of unresolved emotional baggage from the past, teens are inclined to have a very negative view of the challenges of life and also to experience life as senseless and without joy. In the establishment of an own identity and self–esteem they displayed a strong need for personal relationships. Their negative and weak self–esteem can furthermore be traced to the lack of role models. Another consequence of this lack is a weak relationship with God and other people, as well as an inability to make decisions and to handle crises and trauma. In the practice–theoretical section, through a hermeneutical interaction between basistheoretical guidelines and meta–theoretival perspectives, the formulation of an adapted practice theory, on the basis of guidelines from Ecclesiastes, about the pastoral guidance of the emotional wounded teen was attempted. This model, aimed at pastoral practice, presents parameters for the pastoral guidance of all unresolved trauma and the emotional pain of teens, which are aspects that inhibit spiritual advancement and emotional healing. Only then will the teen be able to truly focus on the enjoyment of life under the sun, in the light of the principles and guidelines from Ecclesiastes. Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Review of Sharon Marie Ross and Louisa Ellen Stein, eds. Teen television: Essays on programming and fandom. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008. Paperback, $35 (259p) ISBN 978-0-78643-589-0.

Adolescent sexual intercourse can be viewed as a normal developmental experience, but intercourse also is linked to unplanned pregnancies, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Consequently, there continues to be a high level of scientific interest in understanding antecedents of adolescent sexual behavior, especially early and more risky sexual intercourse. This study examined several key antecedents of adolescent sexual intentions and behavior, including pubertal development (pubertal status, change over time, and pubertal timing). parent/teen communication, and teen sexual values. Analyses were based on longitudinal data collected in 1991, 1992, and 1993 from parents and teens during the FACTS & feelings project conducted within three areas in northern Utah. Regression and path analyses were used to test the direct and indirect effects among the variables. Parent/teen communication quality had a significant positive effect on teen sexual abstinent values for both males and females. Sexual abstinent values had a strong negative effect on sexual intentions for both males and females. Sexual values were more strongly related to sexual behavior for females than for males. Sexual intentions had a significant effect on sexual behaviors for both males and females, although this effect was stronger for males than for females. Pubertal timing had a significant effect on behaviors for males and a smaller although significant effect for females Age also had a significant positive effect for both male and female adolescents. Overall, within these analyses, females were more influenced by values which directly and indirectly affect sexual behaviors. Males were more influenced by the FACTS & feelings treatment, pubertal timing, and sexual intentions.

The statistical trend toward an increasing number of early marriages in the United States is causing concern for parents and community officials (21). The average age of marriage has been declining since 1890. Half of the girls are now married by the time they are twenty and half of the men by the time they are twenty-three (13). In a study made by Landis (20) of marriages in California high schools, 90 percent of the senior high schools reported one or more student marriages. Similar statistics have been reported in New Mexico (16) and Oregon (18). Research has pointed an accusing finger at youthful marriage as a primary factor in the rampant divorce situation, and there is little question but that lack of the competencies which come with the maturing process are a source of marital friction and breakdown. Teenage married couples often have no "peer group" to which they can belong, and in which they can move as equals. Often they lose their friends because their interests are no longer compatible, and it is difficult for them to make adult friends. They are in a world of their own, isolated from their single friends of similar age and from other married couples who are older. No one knows just why these very young marriages are happening, but many conferences have been held in various professional fields, and some theories have been formulated. It is thought that the contemporary culture of this country stimulates romantic and sexual interests, and glamorizes marriage. This leads to early and steady dating, which in turn leads to emotional and sexual involvement, and then to marriage.