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Tereshyna T., Pakhlevanzade V. The teeth whitening in an age aspect: prevalance of the method use, substantiation of its carrying out and possible complications (clinical research). Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(04): 222-232. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.04.023 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.04.023 https://zenodo.org/record/5156662 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 26.02.2021. Revised: 31.03.2021. Accepted: 30.04.2021. The teeth whitening in an age aspect: prevalance of the method use, substantiation of its carrying out and possible complications (clinical research) T. P. Tereshyna, V. A. Pakhlevanzade The International Humanitarian University, Odessa Medical Institute, Department of General Dentistry, Odessa, Ukraine Abstract The following article presents results of the clinical research on prevalence of use, justification of leading and development of possible complications due to the teeth’ whitening. The main aim of the research is to study prevalence of apply of the teeth’ whitening procedure among patients of different age groups in the Dental Department of the Odessa University Clinic, with a study on indications for leading the aforementioned procedure, as well as complications, that had been developed as a result of it. The research materials are: anamnestic data of patients from the University Clinic, who underwent the teeth’ whitening procedure. Moreover, we had taken into account the following indexes: patient’s age, presence of concominant pathology, the data on leading the teeth’ whitening procedure in the past. The main group was presented by 32 patients, who underwent the aforementioned procedure for the first time in their lives. The group of comparison is represented by 33 patients, who underwent the same procedure couple of times before (once, twice, three times or four times). The research methods: anamnestic, statistical. The methods of whitening, that had been chosen: hardware whitening, laser beam, thermocatalytic whitening and use of chemical catalysts. The analysis of anamnestic data, which was held, make us possible to postulate, that 5% of patients from both groups did not have any complications after the teeth’ whitening procedure. The other patients of the study groups though had a stable pain syndrome, the intensity of which is increasing in 24-48 hours after the procedure and last in average 5-7 days. The folowing article presents a data on a fact, what concominant conditions and diseases of the oral cavity do stimulate a pain syndrome development more often and during what period of time. The current article also describes a character of inner-connections between pain syndrome and gender feature as well as presence of such procedures in the past. The authors had postulated, that the less traumatic and quite efficient method is oxidative cleavage of enzymes, by using which a stable long-lasting effect is reached, as well as there is a lack of pain after the procedure. Key words: hardware teeth’ whitening; laser beam; oxidative cleavage of enzymes; chemical catalysts; tartar.

Combe-Grenal site (Southwest France) was excavated by F. Bordes between 1953 and 1965. He found several human remains in Mousterian levels 60, 39, 35 and especially 25, corresponding to MIS 4 (~75–70/60 ky BP) and with Quina Mousterian lithics. One of the fossils found in level 25 is Combe-Grenal IV, consisting of a fragment of the left corpus of a juvenile mandible. This fragment displays initial juvenile periodontitis, and the two preserved teeth (LLP4 and LLM1) show moderate attrition and dental calculus. The SEM tartar analysis demonstrates the presence of cocci and filamentous types of bacteria, the former being more prevalent. This result is quite different from those obtained for the two adult Neanderthals Kebara 2 and Subalyuk 1, where more filamentous bacteria appear, especially in the Subalyuk 1 sample from Central Europe. These findings agree with the available biomedical data on periodontitis and tartar development in extant individuals, despite the different environmental conditions and diets documented by numerous archeological, taphonomical and geological data available on Neanderthals and present-day populations. New metagenomic analyses are extending this information, and despite the inherent difficulties, they will open important perspectives in studying this ancient human pathology.

The year 2021 was declared the year of the Tatar language and culture in Lithuania. This fact has inspired the authors to take a closer look and examine lexicographic material related to this nation. The image of the Lithuanian Tatars in the eyes of local Lithuanians has been scrutinized by ethnologists, folklorists, historians, linguists. However, their studies in that regard have so far omitted the largest linguistic tract, the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, which can be approached as some kind of a chronicle covering different material from our first writings dated 1547 until 2001. This article firstly aims to take a closer look at the image and relationship between those two ethnic groups, living in the close neighborhood for around 700 years, on the basis of available material recorded in the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language. Illustrations provided in the dictionary cover written texts of different scope and types, various dialects across the country, and a broad variety of historical periods.A semantic analysis of roughly 120 illustrative examples associated with the Tatar has revealed an image of how Lithuanians have looked at Tatars – basically the warriors and mostly enemies. Even in peaceful times with no major battles around the Tartars were looked upon as strangers. People different in appearance, clothing, using the language strange to the locals, practicing different traditions, and religious confession. Sometimes local girls, though not too willingly, would get married to Tartars, fearing life could get worse and family links with their relatives will be lost.It is worth mentioning that a considerable number of plants and two animals are etymologically related to Tartars.

Работа посвящена анализу антропологических материалов, относящихся к срубной культуре, полученных при раскопках в 2010 и 2018 гг. курганов возле села Красносамарское Кинельского района Самарской области. Были изучены костные останки 103 индивидов. В процессе исследования применялась стандартная программа фиксации патологических состояний на костях человека. В результате проведенной работы удалось установить, что для населения эпохи поздней бронзы, погребенного в курганах близ села Красносамарское, была характерна высокая детская смертность и сравнительно небольшая продолжительность жизни мужчин. У исследуемой серии индивидов выделяется специфический патологический комплекс на зубной системе, указывающий на мясо-молочную специализацию в диете. Широкое распространение на костных останках детей маркеров нехватки микроэлементов в организме свидетельствует о воздействии негативных факторов окружающей и социальной среды, например, голодоморов или паразитарных инвазий. Высокая частота встречаемости дискретно-варьирующих признаков на костях посткраниального скелета указывает на то, что в курганах могильника Красносамарский IV, возможно, захоронено близкородственное население. Распространение специфических травматических повреждений, а также положительная корреляция их с заболеваниями суставов и позвоночника дают возможность сделать предположение о том, что их появление связано с бытовой или профессионально-хозяйственной деятельностью., The paper is devoted to the analysis of anthropological skeletal materials related to the Srubnaya culture and excavated in 2010 and 2018 in the mounds near the village of Krasnosamarskoye, Kinelsky District of the Samara Region. One hundred and three skeletal remains were studied. In the course of the examination, a standard program for fixing pathological conditions on human bones was applied. As a result of the work, it was possible to establish that the population of the Late Bronze Age buried in the mounds near the village of Krasnosamarskoe had a high infant mortality rate and a relatively short men’s life expectancy. In the studied skeletal series, a specific pathological complex in the dental system is found. It indicates that the diet consisted mainly of meat and dairy. Widespread markers of micronutrient deficiencies in the body were observed on the children bones which is also an indicator of negative environmental and social factors such as famines or parasitic infestations. High frequency of discrete-varying characters on the bones of the postcranial skeleton indicates that a closely related population is buried in the mounds of the Krasnosamarsky IV burial ground. Specific traumatic injuries presence in buried skeletal remains as well as their positive correlation with diseases of the joints and spine allows us to assume its association with domestic or professional economic activity.