1. Stem Cell Metabolism and Diet
- Author
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Chih Ling Wang, Danica Chen, Marine Barthez, and Zehan Song
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,SIRT3 ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Calorie restriction ,stem cell metabolism ,Nutrient sensing ,Biology ,Regenerative Medicine ,SIRT2 ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,SIRT7 ,Underpinning research ,Genetics ,Molecular Biology ,Metabolic and endocrine ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Nutrition ,calorie restriction ,Cell Biology ,Stem Cell Research ,Cell biology ,Haematopoiesis ,Metabolic pathway ,030104 developmental biology ,mTOR ,Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human ,Generic health relevance ,Stem cell ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diet has profound impacts on health and longevity. Evidence is emerging to suggest that diet impinges upon the metabolic pathways in tissue-specific stem cells to influence health and disease. Here, we review the similarities and differences in the metabolism of stem cells from several tissues, and highlight the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint in stem cell maintenance and aging. We discuss how diet engages the nutrient sensing metabolic pathways and impacts stem cell maintenance. Finally, we explore the therapeutic implications of dietary and metabolic regulation of stem cells. RECENT FINDINGS: Stem Cell transition from quiescence to proliferation is associated with a metabolic switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial OXPHOS and the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint is critically controlled by the nutrient sensors SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT7 in hematopoietic stem cells. Intestine stem cell homeostasis during aging and in response to diet is critically dependent on fatty acid metabolism and ketone bodies and is influenced by the niche mediated by the nutrient sensor mTOR. SUMMARY: Nutrient sensing metabolic pathways critically regulate stem cell maintenance during aging and in response to diet. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying dietary and metabolic regulation of stem cells provides novel insights for stem cell biology and may be targeted therapeutically to reverse stem cell aging and tissue degeneration.
- Published
- 2020