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Smart city projects rely upon dynamic and complex multi-stakeholder collaboration. This collaboration can be challenging. In this study, we use an instrumental lens and argue that tools can help public professionals in dealing with smart governance challenges. Building upon smart governance and collaborative governance models, we conceptualize smart governance as a toolbox. Based on our “smart governance toolbox”, we assess the variety of tools available for professionals to initiate and support multi-stakeholder collaboration by reviewing academic and grey literature. This review results in the identification of a broad range of tools that research and practice have developed. However, we also demonstrate that certain parts of the ‘smart governance toolbox’ remain almost empty: there are few tools for assessing the smart collaborative governance context, facilitating the collaborative structure, tackling technology issues, and measuring outcomes of smart city practices. Future design research should focus on developing instruments needed to make the smart governance toolbox complete.

Renewable energy communities, first outlined in the European Directives and recently transposed into the Italian regulatory framework, are introduced as innovative entities capable of fostering cooperation between active and passive users involved in the production, sharing, and use of locally produced energy according to innovative management schemes. Renewable energy communities empower the end-customers. Citizens and legal entities are committed to a rational and economical use of energy to achieve the community’s climate neutrality goals and pursue the ecological and energy transition objectives defined in the national recovery and resilience plan. In the future, a significant number of energy communities different actors participating from the residential, industrial, commercial, and tertiary sectors are expected to develop within city districts or in suburban settings. This paper proposes and develops a methodology capable of bridging the complexity that can characterise the prototyping, implementation, and management of an energy community within a positive energy district. The approach presented here can also be extended to other application contexts in urban or rural settings. Requirements and best practices for administrative, technical, and technological management have been identified to achieve this goal. Italy is one of the first states to embed in its regulatory framework the European Directives regarding renewable energy communities. These will have a significant impact on network management models and will provide new ways for creating social inclusion that may help achieve climate sustainability goals. A governance model has been formalised for the empowerment of energy community members, outlining a framework useful for planning the proper implementation of a renewable energy community according to current Italian regulations.

With the growing implementation of smart city projects and the significance of the research problem related to effective design thinking, the opinion of the ordinary citizens have become very relevant and contemporary. The current paper presents a quantitative empirical study focused on the attitudes towards and the readiness to accept smart cities in the specific context of Qatar. The study employs a survey questionnaire as a data collection tool. The survey is distributed online among a sample of 40 respondents from Qatar, including both residents and non-residents of smart cities in the country. Even though the sample is not representative of the Qatari population, the present study provides preliminary findings and fundamental insights into this novel topic in a specific socio-economic context. The major findings of the study uncovered that the respondents show quite positive attitudes toward diverse aspects related to smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment, and smart living, as well as significant readiness to accept this lifestyle. However, the respondents demonstrate concerns related to the privacy and security of the people living in smart cities. The superiority of fundamental aspects of life like housing and healthcare in smart cities compared to conventional ones are also questioned by the respondents.

Tyrimo tikslas – pagrįsti empirinio tyrimo metodologinius pagrindus, atskleidžiant sumanumo dimensijų raiškos kultūros vadyboje sampratą. Straipsnyje formuluojamas teorinis konstruktas, pagrįstas sumanumo dimensijų raiška kultūros vadyboje. Šis konstruktas formuluojamas derinant kultūros vadybos ir sumanaus valdymo koncepcijas bei glaudžiai siejant kultūros vadybą su kultūros politikos įgyvendinimu, atsižvelgiant į sumanaus kultūros valdymo specifiką. Sumanumo dimensijų raiška kultūros vadybos modelyje susideda iš šešių pagrindinių dimensijų: strategija, kūrybinė plėtra, interesų derinimas kultūros sektoriuje, kultūros sektoriaus dalyvių įgalinimas, intelektinio ir technologinio kapitalo harmonija, bendros vertės kūrimo kultūra. Metodologijos strategija remiasi dviem filosofiniais požiūriais, derinant indukciją ir dedukciją, šą dermę įgalina abdukcijos metodas. Atlikta kokybinė užsienio šalių ir Lietuvos teorinių šaltinių analizė. Kita kokybinio tyrimo dalis pagrįsta respondentų apklausa, siekiant gauti empirinės informacijos apie sumanumo dimensijų raišką kultūros vadybos modelio funkcionavime. Ekspertai atrenkami (iki duomenų prisotinimo būsenos) keturgubos spiralės principu iš valdžios, mokslo, verslo ir nevyriausybinių organizacijų. Gauti rezultatai įgalina suformuoti tyrimo rezultatų koncepciją, kurią sudaro trys dalys: teorinis modelis, esamos situacijos modelis, perspektyvinis situacijos modelis. Pokyčio trajektorija iš esamos situacijos modelio į perspektyvinės situacijos modelį padeda išryškinti kultūros lauko funkcionavimo tobulinimo reikalaujančias sritis, galimas pokyčių tendencijas. Būsimuose tyrimuose numatoma suformuoti rodiklius visoms šešioms teorinėms sumanumo dimensijoms kultūros vadybos modelyje. Šiuo teoriniu modeliu pagrįsta analizė atliekama valstybės lygmeniu, ji suteiks visapusišką kultūros lauko esamos situacijos vaizdą ir hipotetinę perspektyvinę situaciją. The aim of the research is to substantiate the methodological foundations of empirical research by revealing the concept of the expression of dimensions of smartness in cultural management. The article formulates theoretical construct based on expression of smartness dimensions in cultural management. This construct is formulating by combining cultural management and smart governance concepts and closely linking cultural management with the implementation of cultural policy and seeing the specifics of smart cultural management. The expression of smartness dimensions at culture management model consist of six main dimensions: strategics, creative development, harmonization of interests in the cultural sector, empowered cultural sector parties, harmony of intellectual and technological capital, the culture of shared value creation. Methodology strategy is based on two philosophical approaches by combining induction and deduction which result is abduction approach. Qualitative analysis was performed of theoretical sources of foreign countries and Lithuania. Another part of qualitative research is based on the interviewing chosen respondents to get information about the expression of smartness dimensions at culture management model functioning. There would be chosen about 30 experts (till data saturation) by using quadruple helix. Experts are chosen from government, science, business and nongovernmental organizations’ sphere. Gained results let to form research results conception which consists of three parts: theoretical model, current situation model, perspective situation model. The trajectory of the change from the current situation model to the perspective situation model helps to highlight the areas requiring improvement of the functioning of the cultural field, planned directions (trends) of change. In future research, it is planned to form the indicators for all 6 theoretical dimensions of the expression of smartness dimensions at culture management model. Analysis based on this theoretical model also will be performed at the state level which provide a comprehensive view of the cultural field current situation and hypothetical perspective situation.

Knowledge about how marginalised citizens use urban spaces is hard to access and apply in urban planning and policy. Based on current debates around “smart cities” and “smart governance,” the City of Odense, in Denmark, has tested the integration of “smart engagement” by means of GPS-tracking techniques into the municipality’s cross-sectoral strategy for an “inclusive city.” In a period of austerity, cities have the incentive to optimise public services. Hence, GPS-tracking data was produced by 64 marginalised citizens, resulting in a data inventory covering three weeks of spatial behaviour. First, this article shows how these GPS-tracking data were processed into maps without revealing person-sensitive spatial patterns. Secondly, the article explores whether such maps and the GPS-tracking techniques that underpin them are considered valid, relevant, and applicable to urban planning from the perspectives of marginalised citizens, their representatives, and municipal planners and professionals respectively. The GPS project showed shortcomings as regards the quality of the data inventory and the representativity of the mapped behaviour, which made them inapplicable for optimising dedicated public service. However, the article also finds that the GPS-based maps succeeded in being non-person sensitive and in providing a valuable platform for citizen-centric dialogues with marginalised citizens with the potential for raising awareness and increasing knowledge about this citizen group’s living conditions and urban lives. An important derived effect of the project is that it has ensured ongoing cross-sectoral collaboration among a range of professional stakeholders, imperative for ensuring creating greater equity in urban planning.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to achieve economic, social, and environmental progress globally. However, trade-offs among these three pillars might occur, particularly in the context of cities. We argue that these trade-offs exist because the traditional factors of production for economic welfare are not always relevant to the other dimensions of city sustainability. Consequently, additional factors are needed to facilitate the progress of the 2030 agenda. We make a case for smart governance, a factor that we associate with the quality of governance. We explore these ideas by examining the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of 128 cities worldwide. Our results indicate that the traditional factors of production (labor, land, and capital) are positively associated with the economic dimension but weakly associated with the social and environmental dimensions. However, smart governance is positively associated with the various dimensions of urban sustainability. JEL CLASSIFICATION: Q01; Q28; Q53; Q56; O18; Z13

The smart city epitomizes a new paradigm shift in urban planning, policy, and cities. Smart cities require and are powered by smart city principles to succeed, including smart technologies, smart infrastructure, and smart governance; however, they also need to engage closely with the citizens who are most affected by the deployment of the smart city and who also embrace the diverse perspectives, experiences, and opportunities of living in smart cities, i.e., smart engagement. What would be forms of collaborative democracy and inclusive citizen participation in smart city planning? To what extent can smart city planning respond and address inequality, justice, and social and digital division? How can we create community-based climate change planning with the smart? What would be a smart community platform that supports smart engagement, and how do cities around the world establish smart city policy and assess the impact on smart engagement? This thematic issue aims to answer these questions by exploring new visions, facets and methods, practices, and tools for enabling smart engagement. Drawing on research from various countries and cities across the world, the contributions bring new prospects of smart engagement and smart urbanism and illuminate how the theory, plan and policy, and practices of smart engagements are binding to the extent of citizen participation and engagement in smart cities.

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi adanya kemajuan dari Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) yang saat ini telah dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi berbagai permasalahan di kota atau yang dikenal sebagai smart city. Dari smart city tersebut sebuah konsep baru muncul dimana konteks ‘smart’ pada smart city yang dinilai telah berhasil mengatasi permasalahan di kota-kota yang kemudian dapat diadopsi untuk dikembangkan dalam konteks yang lebih kecil yakni pada desa atau dikenal dengan smart village. Sehingga diharapkan melalui konsep smart village tersebut maka akan dapat mengatasi berbagai permasalahan di desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana penerapan salah satu dimensi smart village yakni smart governance pada Kalurahan Dlingo, Kabupaten Bantul yang dinilai telah berhasil menerapkannya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatitf dengan data berasal dari wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian yakni penerapan smart governance di Kalurahan Dlingo dilakukan melalui 3 (tiga) hal yakni yang berkaitan dengan public service, transparency, dan policy. Dari hal tersebut kemudian telah merubah Kalurahan Dlingo yang awalnya merupakan desa tertinggal kini menjadi desa berbasis TIK hingga menjadi rujukan studi bagi desa-desa lain di Indonesia. Dalam penerapan smart governance di Kalurahan Dlingo terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi yakni kepemimpinan, pendanaan, modal sosial, jejaring dan kolaborasi

Background: In the era of internet, government of each country is thinking about the role of Electronic governance to facilitate its citizens using Information and Communication Technology (ICT). To achieve this, every government activities/ procedures are transforming to electronic medium with the help of websites, mobile applications, government social media accounts and establishing common service center for rural part of country. But it is matter to assess the satisfaction level of electronic services launched by government. If the satisfaction level is high then adoption of government services would be high. Objective: This objective of this research is finding the suitable factors for adoption of government E-services and ranking them accordingly. Methods: Thus this paper suggests an intelligent fuzzy conjoint technique to rank the factors that affects adoption of E-services launched by government. A survey is done to find the factors which may affect adoption of such electronic governance initiative. Results: Result shows that 62.5% are satisfied with services, 25% are dissatisfied and 12.5% are neutral with respected to e-government services Government has established common service center with highest ranking. Next finding is that customized government portals and mobile applications should be multilingual support. Conclusion: The people are dissatisfied with the standardization of polices and IT laws and self guided services. Artificial Intelligent techniques are also required to implement for smart governance. Currently Citizens are neutral to accept intelligent techniques.

Purpose This study aims to discuss the transformational effect of the smart governance concept, which is one of the complementary elements of the smart city concept and to explain the change in governance structures according to the developments in information and communication technology. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the case study as one of the qualitative research methods is preferred, and smart city models of Barcelona, Amsterdam, Kocaeli and Ankara are examined. Findings In the research, scientific studies in the academic literature were evaluated according to the content analysis, and as a result of this analysis, the cities examined were grouped as “beginner,” “medium” and “advanced.” In the group, the characteristics of smart cities and the services they offer were taken into account. In this context, smart governance methods and their transformational effects are analyzed. Originality/value The most important contribution of this study to the literature is to identify the important characteristics of developed and successful smart city initiatives and to encourage their application to other developing world cities as a best practices model.

Background: Decision making requires a rigorous process of evaluation, which is an analytical and organized process to figure out the present positive influences, favourable future prospects, existing shortcomings and ulterior complexities of any plan, program, practice or a polity. Evaluation of policy is an essential and vital process required to measure the performance or progression of the scheme. The main purpose of policy evaluation is to empower various stakeholders and enhance their socio-economic environment. A large number of policies or schemes in different areas are launched/constituted by government in view of the citizen welfare. Although, the governmental policies intend to better shape up the quality of life of people but may also impact their everyday's life. Objective: The contemplation of public opinion plays a very significant role in the process of policy evaluation. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to incorporate the concept of opinion mining in policy evaluation. An attempt has been made to elevate the process of policy evaluation by analyzing public opinion. Methods: A latest governmental scheme Saubhagya launched by the Indian government in 2017 has been selected for evaluation by applying supervised learning based opinion mining techniques. The data set of public opinion associated with this scheme has been captured by Twitter. Results: The result validates that the proposed methodology supports the optimizing process of policy evaluation and provides a more accurate and actual status of policy's effect among Indian citizen. As a result, this would aid in identifying and implementing the preventive and corrective measures required to be taken for a successful policy. Conclusion: The proposed methodology will stabilize and strengthen the process of policy evaluation which target towards favourable and flourishing future prospects concerning the socio-economic status of a nation. The results are quite exciting and further extension of work will be performed in order to develop and design a patent framework in the area of social big data analytics.

The aim of the study is to recognize the understanding and implementation of the smart city concept by local governments in the Gdansk-Gdynia-Sopot Metropolitan Area in the north of Poland. Therefo...

Policymakers across Canada are considering the blockchain as a way to enable smart(er) governance. Despite the technology’s infancy, jurisdictions perceive smart tools as one of many ways to govern...

The main aspects of building a smart city according to Frost and Sullivan in 2014 are smart governance, smart technology, smart infrastructure, smart healthcare, smart mobility, smart building, smart energy and smart citizens. The smart city's purpose is to form a comfortable, safe city and strengthen its competitiveness. Based on these indicators, Taipei City can become one of the cities with the best Smart City implementation globally. This article uses a qualitative approach with literature review techniques in data collection. This study's findings indicate that the Smart Education, Smart Transportation, Smart Social Housing and Smart Healthcare policies are essential policies in supporting the successful implementation of smart cities in Taipei City. The four main pillars in implementing smart city in Taipei City have integrated Artificial intelligence and big data in smart city governance in Taipei City.

This study aims to present the processes and mechanisms of creating smart city ecosystems by examining the complex strategic choices and interactions among stakeholders operating at different levels of governance and engagement. Based on the literature review and in-depth analyses of a case study (Lublin, Eastern Poland), we demonstrate that the implementation of tailored strategic thinking using adaptation to global trends, exploitation of development potentials and niches, and stakeholders’ involvement allows for coordination and mobilization of development processes leading to the creation of effective smart city ecosystems. In line with the defined smart city challenges, with the application of a three-stage research program, we create an implementable Smart City Ecosystem Model (SCEM). The contributions of the study are as follows: (1) it provides new insights into smart governance, leadership in creating a sustainable and human smart city; (2) it analyzes strategic choices in the creation of a stakeholder ecosystem and competitive business ecosystems based on smart specializations, providing new opportunities for the design and implementation of smart city strategies. Therefore, this study provides a new multidimensional policy framework for smart cities at both strategic and operational levels that can improve the holistic management of smart and sustainable cities and communities.

Review paper DOI: https://doi.org/10.37458/ssj.1.2.2 In this paper, the authors are discussing the need to introducesecurity sciences as a new scientific field within the existingorganization of social sciences. The development of quality, usable, andfunctional human knowledge and skills have been guaranteed safeand undisturbed development of individuals and communities since thebeginning of their existence. The development of society has led to achange of paradigms on which reflections and analyses about security,conflict and war rested. This, in turn, brings us to the situation of theneed to change those paradigms of organization, principles, concepts,and theories of security as a new scientific discipline that should enablethe continuation of safe and unhindered development of human society.

A smart city is a city that is able to improve the quality of life of its people through the support of smart technology. In developing a smart city, there is a concept used by Indonesia which discusses the supporting components of a smart city, namely the smart economy, smart society, smart governance, smart government, smart mobility, smart environment, and smart life. Meanwhile, according to research conducted by Oktaria, et al, stated that 83.33% of health services support the development of smart cities. However, until now, health services in this smart city are still experiencing many obstacles, such as types of smart health technology and grey development opportunities. Therefore, this study aims to determine the types of smart technology and development opportunities through a literature review as many as 30 pieces

The article discusses the implementation process of Smart City governance system in Uzbekistan. The research found several components of smart governance. In particular, Smart Education System component have discussed in details on the experience of Uzbekistan. Important tasks for today in the context of organization modern education system and their alternative solutions were outlined. The current state of the education system and their transformation to national standards based on international experience were assessed. The author focused on the fundamental foundations of significant results achieved in the field of integrated education over the years of independence, and emphasizes the importance of the system in implementing innovative changes based on practical examples. Achievements in the implementation of modern education have described in terms of the attributes of Smart education. Also, measures for the introduction of smart education in Uzbekistan were analyzed on the basis of real statistics and general summaries were presented.

The main purpose of the publication is to present the opportunities for the development of Varna as a smart tourism destination based on a survey among tourism experts in the destination. The paper presents the theoretical framework of the smart tourism destination and a summary of the results of the survey conducted among representatives of the tourism industry in Varna. The expert’s vision for the necessary changes and measures is presented. In conclusion, the main directions for the development of Varna as a smart tourism destination are outlined.

This study discusses the communication strategy carried out by Blora Regency Government in the program of the Ministry of Communication and Information, namely Gerakan Menuju Smart City 2018. There are two statements in this research is how the communication strategy carried out by Blora Regency Government towards smart city and the factors that are driving and inhibiting it.The results obtained from Gerakan Menuju 100 Smart City program in Blora Regency are based on a predetermined policy in the form of the RPJMD and the Decree of the Regent. Then proceed with analyzing problems related to city problems to create the concept of smart city that requires 3 elements namely structure, infrastructure and superstructure. The targets for this program are all OPD’s and the Blora community. The use of various media for socialization which then its implementation refers to the 2018 smart city master plan and ends with monitoring and evaluation every 2 times a year. There are 6 dimensions of the concept of smart city along with several activities in it that are used in Blora Regency, namely smart governance, smart branding, smart economy, smart living, smart society and smart environment.\ Keywords : communication strategy , gerakan menuju 100 smart city , Blora Regency

Las redes sociales presentan singularidades en el sector público vinculadas a su potencial para generar oportunidades para innovar en la gestión pública. Esta voz se centra en estudiar el concepto de redes sociales en las administraciones públicas. Para ello, se estudia su definición, sus posibles impactos, y su relación con otros conceptos, como el gobierno abierto y el paradigma de la gobernanza pública inteligente. De la misma forma, la voz se aproxima a los procesos de adopción e institucionalización y a las estrategias de uso de redes sociales en el sector público. Finalmente, este trabajo señala las fortalezas y lagunas de la investigación sobre redes sociales y administración pública, especificando algunas vías de investigación futuras.

Systems of social protection and approaches in tackling social risks differ by the degree of redistribution and by its generosity. The cur-rent issue in developed countries is finding the optimal relationship between economic and social policy. Therefore, the selected areas of social policy and economic development from a narrow perspective are subjected to the research investigation. To address the issue, the paper aims to analyse the association between social protection expenditures and the selected socio-economic indicators. In line with the aim, four hypotheses have been verified. H1: There is a positive relationship between social protection expenditures and indicators of socio-economic development. H2: There is a positive relationship between social protection expenditures and indicators of unemployment. H3: There is a negative relationship between social protection expenditures and indicators of income inequality. H4: There is a negative relationship between social protection expenditures and indicators of poverty. The panel data regression for the sample of the 27 EU countries in the period 2007-2015 was applied to test the hypotheses. The results of the final fixed effect model with robust coefficients revealed a positive relationship between Human development index and unemployment rate on the one side and social protection expenditures on the other. On the contrary, a negative relationship was identified between social protection expenditures on the one side and poverty rate for the elderly 65+ and income inequality (measured through Gini coefficient) on the other. These findings confirm the fact that the amount of social protection spending is reflected in the socio-economic development of the EU countries. © 2020, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research. All rights reserved., Internal Grant Agency of Tomas Bata University in Zlin [RO/2018/12]; Smart governance and application of 3E principles in public policies"

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the pathway that leads to cities to proceeding towards urban sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThis study intends to propose a theoretical analysis on the city as sustainable community that drives urban development adopting a smart vision for urban growth.FindingsCities as sustainable urban communities develop smartness as a vision for change understanding and developing the potential offered by information technology reinforcing the community by shaping collaborative governance.Research limitations/implicationsCities using information technology as a source for urban sustainability develop smartness to evolve as smart communities following a managerial and organizational view towards sustainability as a source for continuous innovation and change within urban ecosystem.Originality/valueCities identify a sustainability-oriented and community-driven pathway as a vision for continuous change that helps to improve urban competitiveness, innovation and democracy ensuring high quality of life by strengthening the potential offered by technology-enabled and human-centred smartness.

An application based technology so called as smart city can be easily accessed by citizen and government. The government information could create safety and comfort in order to service better future life for their citizen. The main purpose of writing this paper is to gain an overview of the smart city concept using a qualitative approach, by a comprehensive review of the literatures. The conclusion from this paper could provide clear information from the most recently scientific articles focus on smart cities. This paper could be a basis for future researchers for another investigation.

본 연구는 스마트시티를 위한 스마트거버넌스 모델을 개념화·유형화하여 그 특성의 분석을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 4차 산업혁명시대 지방발전을 위한 지방 협력 거버넌스는 어떻게 구축될 수 있는가에 대한 질문을 제기한다. 이러한 질문에 답하기 위해 최근 가장 각광받고 있는 4차 산업혁명시대 지방발전의 대안으로 제시되고 있는 스마트시티 시업을 위한 스마트거버넌스를 어떻게 유형화(명확한 목적과 비전, 다양한 관련행위자의 참여, 그리고 거버넌스가 이루어지는 과정)할 수 있는지 그리고 이러한 스마트거버넌스를 구성하는 요소들은 독일과 한국의 시범 사업 사례에서 어떻게 구체화되고 있는가이다. 이를 위해 최근 스마트시티 시범 시행을 시작한 한국과 독일의 사례를 유형에 따라 규범적인 비교를 하였다. 한국과 독일 모두 스마트시티를 위한 인프라는 잘 갖추어져있었다. 독일의 경우 지속가능한 발전이라는 국제적 규범과 디지털 전환이라는 독일의 국내적 목적이 명확하게 명시되어있었던 반면 한국의 경우 지속가능발전 목표를 구성하는 경제-사회-환경 중 경제에 중점을 두고 있는 것이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 행위자 측면에서는 독일의 경우 상향식 한국의 경우 하향식의 경향을 보여주었는데 한국의 경우 시민의 참여를 위한 다양항 시도를 보여주었다. 과정의 측면에서 독일은 일원화된 창구를 위한 조직들이 눈이 띄었으나 한국의 경우 여전히 거버넌스 플랫폼이 부재했다.

This research is based on the main problem of E-Government in realizing Smart Governance in Bandung. The implementation of E-Government Policy has not been maximized in realizing Smart Governance in the Office of Communication and Information Technology of the City Government of Bandung. The opinion in this study is related to policy implementation seen from the context of public policy and public administration as the main theory for developing public administration knowledge. With the SWOT analysis, this study shows that first, the environmental conditions in the Bandung Information and Communication Office are good, but E-Government management in creating Smart Governance in the implementation stage is still weak in terms of supervision. Second, inadequate facilities for the implementation of E-Government. Third, the relationship pattern between work units and prevailing norms needs to be improved in its implementation. The fourth implementation of E-Government policies in realizing Smart Governance has been running, but has not touched all aspects of achieving success.

This article focuses on two critical and intersecting issues on the global urban agenda: the growing importance of secondary cities in urban development policies, and the proliferation of digital technologies and data to support smart urban governance. This article contends that smart governance is a critical factor in urban technological transformation processes. Smart governance aims at improving urban management through enhanced data-informed decision-making and the commensurate inclusion and participation of civic actors in this process. Drawing on interviews with administrators in three South African secondary cities, the analysis highlights the complex challenges that limit the effective inculcation of smart governance practices in these cities. It focuses specifically on the strategic, organisational and political challenges of municipal administrations, and the obstacles to effective interaction between key actors in developing an effective municipal data-technology ecosystem. In doing so, this article contributes new insights into enhanced governance practices in smartening secondary cities; it initiates a critical inquiry on the uneven ways these small, less resourced and socio-economically contentious cities negotiate complex social, administrative and political dynamics in incipient processes of urban smartening.

Smart Cities is a new torrent and its concept is evolved to benefit people in different ways by providing solutions to many problems. We are racing to achieve the goal of Smart Cities and completely ignoring the perilous consequences. Out of many, one of the gigantic problems is E-waste. E-waste is growing day by day jeopardizing the environment and in turn Sustainable Development. E-waste contains many elements like mercury, lead which are toxic to humans, water, air and soil which lead to another set of serious problems. There is an urgent need to look into this matter and resolve it as expeditiously as possible. To achieve Sustainable Development, we need to get rid of E-waste in the most efficient way possible. In this chapter, we will discuss various problems caused by e-waste and approaches to manage E-waste by applying Smart Technologies. We have also proposed a model for handling e-waste.

Construction of a smart governance system based on RFID technology is studied in this paper. The purpose of using big data technology for urban governance is to analyze the large amount of urban data obtained so as to guide us to make correct decisions based on the analysis results. But as far as big data itself is concerned, the premise for obtaining correct analysis results is that there is a large amount of data for its analysis. Hence, this paper optimizes the RFID technology as the data collector to obtain the initial data and then, use the smart data mining technologies to validate the model. The systematic model is defined for the comprehensive analysis.

City administrators have begun to consider citizens’ perception as an essential enabler of smart and sustainable city development. In response to their need, our study mainly aimed to analyze the citizens’ perceptions related to the attributes of a smart city and to offer an evidence-based importance–performance analysis (IPA) technique, revised with triangular number fuzzy, to set priorities to develop it further successfully, taking Oradea, Romania, as an example. Specifically, we investigated varying the citizens’ perceptions regarding the attributes of a smart city across the thematic content analysis followed by an IPA approach to identify the attributes of a smart city that could be expected to advance its future development. The results show that most of our respondents appreciated the city administrators’ efforts and expressed relatively higher preferences for the fifteen smart city attributes of Oradea on which the local authorities should focus. The research brings valuable insight into the strategic decision making related to smart city development, which can serve academics and practitioners, complementing existing literature on the citizens’ perception of sustainable smart city development.

Today, many cities around the globe are interested in developing or adopting smart city policy frameworks; however, the complexity of the smart city concept combined with complicated urban issues makes it a highly challenging task. Moreover, there are limited studies to consolidate our understanding of smart city policymaking. The aim of this study was to bridge this knowledge gap by placing a set of official smart city policy frameworks under the policy analysis microscope. The study approached the analysis by, firstly, internationally collating the smart city policy frameworks of 52 local governments from 17 countries. The methodology then progressed to a deductive content analysis of the identified policies with a thematic data analysis software. The investigation employed the main themes to identify common urban issues in smart city policies—i.e., smart economy, smart environment, smart governance, smart living, smart mobility, and smart people. The results revealed the targeted key planning issues, goals, and priorities, and the ways that smart city policies address these key planning issues, goals, and priorities. The study findings inform policymakers, planners and practitioners on the smart city policy priorities and provide insights for smart city policymaking.

The Smart City concept has emerged in the last decade as a fusion of ideas about how information and communication technologies could improve the functioning of cities. A new concept, that of a sustainable Smart City, is already under discussion. This article aims at analyzing the Smart City concept in Romania. The resulting advantages, but also the difficulties and obstacles that need to be confronted, are considered when becoming a Smart City. When a city wants to become smart, it must consider both the advantages and the difficulties it will face in this endeavor. This paper has been able to take into account and group the four key features of a sustainable Smart City. The authors conducted research in two parts. The first consisted of conducting a comparative analysis of the most important results of Smart City projects implemented in the four reference cities in Romania compared to London. The second, a quantitative analysis, aimed to analyze the opinions and attitudes of Romanians regarding the Smart City concept in relation to sustainability. An important finding of the study shows that over half of the respondents are familiar with the Smart City concept and 41.9% consider health as a priority for investment in technology. The authors of the article propose clearer highlighting and division of cities from the point of view of creating a Smart City.

Every human being is born unique with their own talents and abilities. Therefore, every human being is unique. We cannot compare humans because every human being has their own weaknesses and weaknesses. Thus humans are social creatures who need each other to complement each other. If the talents and abilities that are owned can be channeled properly and correctly, it will create extraordinary innovations that can change mindsets and facilitate all human activities, including by creating Smart Home and Smart City. Of course this cannot be separated from the development of science and technology in the current era of globalization. Thus, the role of the government is also expected to support this because it is an integrated system. Thus, to realize a smart city, it is necessary to have a system that is mutually integrated and supports each other, namely smart governance, smart society, smart life, smart economy, smart environment, and smart branding.

This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on smart governance, defined as technology-enabled collaboration between citizens and local governments to advance sustainable development. The lack of empirical evidence on the positive outcomes of smart cities/smart governance motivated us to conduct this study. Our findings show that empirical evidence for the alleged sustainability benefits is sparse. In addition, the emerging picture is ambiguous in that it reports both positive and negative effects in respect to the sustainability achievements of smart governance. The study identifies contextual conditions of smart governance as crucial to understanding these mixed outcomes. Our paper points up the need for more empirical work and develops an agenda for researching the relationship between smart governance and sustainability outcomes.

The debate on local governance and urban innovation has recently gained impetus due to the diffusion of the smart city approach. A city can be defined ‘smart’ if it adopts an innovative collaborative governance style to design urban policies aimed at improving citizens’ quality of life and at promoting environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Notwithstanding the fact that civic participation and inclusion should be distinctive characteristics of smart cities, gender inequalities are often disregarded both by academic literature and in the implementation of smart strategies. The paper is aimed at filling this gap by addressing three issues. Starting from a systematic analysis of literature the paper investigates whether, where, how and why gender discriminations could emerge in a smart city. Second, it proposes a set of tools to mainstream gender in smart city governance and possible areas of intervention to reduce gender inequalities in smart cities. Third it tries to identify main theoretical, methodological, and empirical challenges for local administrators that hamper the implementation of gender equality strategies in smart cities.

This study, using the smart city case of Korea (the evolution from ubiquitous to smart cities) in the recent decade, suggests conditions of successful governance for smart cities. U-City as a preceding version of smart cities in Korea failed to reflect not only ideas and opinions but also wants, needs, and desires of citizens because its vision did not emerge from citizens. Rather, the nation-driven top-down initiative sought to make technology-driven changes in city services, as the term “ubiquitous” hints. However, smart cities do not lie only in the dimension of technology. To make a city smart, city governments should focus on selected problems facing constraints of budget and resources, seeking for a small and open government. Citizens are required to play multiple roles: e.g., a co-producer of city services, a watchdog of city policies and administration, and a champion of city brands.

This article examines the discursive constructions of income inequality in neo-liberal Singapore. While the city-state is touted as a model for smart governance captured in the ‘Singapore model’, the accounts of everyday lived experiences in Singapore depict the unsustainability of the model as a template of development, anchored in the deep inequalities interwoven with the model. This article draws on 34 in-depth interviews with high-, middle- and low-income groups in Singapore, stratified by race and citizenship status to reflect population demographics. The interviews document the ways in which inequalities are rendered meaningful amid the interplays of class, race and citizenship status. Based on grounded theory analysis of everyday accounts of inequality in Singapore, the article attends to the discourses of (a) individual responsibility and the disappearing state, (b) xenophobia and (c) paradoxical responses to government policies, simultaneously interrogating the state-espoused values of multiculturalism, meritocracy and pragmatism.

The aim of this research is to study and analyze how the implementation of smart governance in the city of Balikpapan, how to strengthen local resources in the implementation of smart governance in the city of Balikpapan, and how to strengthen local government resources in supporting Smart Governance in Balikpapan City. The results of the analysis and discussion was found that the implementation of smart governance in the city of Balikpapan in serving the needs of the community could be carried out well if coupled with strengthening local government resources that include institutions, budgets and IT apparatus on the dimensions of local government, and increasing community participation and community use towards applications in the community dimension.

Nowadays, through ICT supports and their applications, the concept of smart cities has evolved into smart communities, where the collaborative relationship between citizens and public administration generates multi-dimensional impacts: urban sites are living labs and agents of innovation and inclusion. As a first step, this article aims to critically review the state of the art of the assessment methods of these impacts through a set of synthetic indicators; the second step is to elaborate a specific framework to evaluate quality of life through a set of impact indicators for smart communities and inclusive urban processes. According to some referenced authors, cities and communities are smart if they perform well in six smart categories: smart economy; smart people; smart governance; smart mobility; smart environment; and smart living. Considering a recent experiment carried out in Turin (Italy), the authors propose a methodology, whose trial is ongoing, based on a hierarchical multiscale framework defining a set of smart community indicators.

In 2013, Glasgow City Council received significant funding to develop innovative smart city applications, including the delivery of new electronic public services and the co-production of governance. This case study examines the processes that underpin the ways in which the ‘Future City Glasgow programme’ delivered ‘smart governance’, in the context of a regenerating post-industrial city. We assess the contribution of smart city technologies and data collection and monitoring processes designed to facilitate citizen engagement and sustainable governance practices. The Future City Glasgow programme ran from 2013‒2015, and included the Open Glasgow project, and ‘Demonstrator Projects’ of: Energy Efficiency; Intelligent Street Lighting; Active Travel; and, Integrated Social Transport. Opportunities arose from these demonstrators for developing co-production and legacy initiatives. The case study provides insight into the ways in which citizens and local communities in Glasgow have been engaged in governance processes. This engagement has taken place via traditional and innovative smart city technologies, and in particular in relation to policy formulation, service design and delivery. It finds that the co-creation of governance is shaped by vested interests, that engagement is fragmented and partial, but at the same time new technologies, social media and shared learning opportunities offer innovative new ways for some citizens to influence local governance.

A smart city plays an increasing role in citizens’ daily life. A smart city has six main components, namely smart mobility, smart economy, smart governance, smart living, smart environment...

In the aftermath of the Eastern Japan Earthquake in 2011, the Sendai Framework for Action introduced a new task called ‘Build Back Better (B3)’. This study discusses this new task and proposes an extended framework which strategically includes a pre-disaster period. This extended framework is named ‘Build Back Better, even Before Disaster (B4)’. The following points are observed: (i) SMART Governance under Persistent Disruptive Stressors (PDS) proposed by Okada offers an effective new methodology for systematically studying B4 problems. (ii) For the purpose of actual practice and social implementation, we need to set up, then foster and repeatedly activate a communicative place, where participants meet openly, plan and act together step by step. (iii) The place can be very small in size, particularly at the start but needs to be adaptively designed and recreated though a communicative process. (iv) Yonmenkaigi System Method (YSM) serves as a useful media and tool for place-making and process design for involving stakeholders in making collaborative action development towards win–win solutions. Finally, we consider the Case of the Merapi Volcano region in Indonesia to establish the above points.

In recent years, the applicative approach to smart governance in urban planning field has increasingly involved the decision-making processes of public administrations and has helped to solve economic, social and environmental challenges of cities. This approach has in fact allowed administrations to understand how changes are taking place in the territory and in real time, through big data, e-governance and city dashboards. However, the literature underlines the lack of decision-making models on which an agreement had been recognized for the organization and management of new projects on an urban scale. This need involves (1) understanding clearly the needs of all actors involved in a project (public or private financiers, public administration, control offices and stakeholders), (2) making optimal decisions w.r.t. the selected criteria, (3) providing a hedge against unexpected data changes. The main applicative goal is to have a full awareness of how much every single change means in economic, logistical and time lag terms. To this end, the authors investigate the viability of Decision Trees to support decision-making processes for urban planning.

This paper is interested in the interplay between smart governance and urban mobility planning in the context of smart city. Mobility is one of the key urban domains, thus, it is crucial to analyze the governance models behind it, especially from two perspectives: participation of stakeholders and decision-making procedures. More specifically, this project takes a closer look at the European approach to rather top-down initiated Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP) and analyses how they are designed and implemented in the Baltic Sea region, with an in-depth focus on the city of Tallinn where interviews with city officials and mobility stakeholders were conducted. The results indicate that the top-down approach has not been taken over effectively by the city officials and thus, creating the lack of ownership on the local level. The Tallinn SUMP involved key stakeholders into the planning process including satellite areas and various interests’ groups. On the other hand, technology-enabled participation of citizens remains weak.

The invoking features of IoT in this age of modernization make life very easy and sophisticated. Smart home automation is one such trending advancement in IoT. In this paper, we present various intelligent devices like a smart aquarium, smart storage tank, smart lighting, and smart air purification. By utilizing all these smart things we analyze the shared resources used by these appliances based on them we reutilize the resources. Thereby we conserve energy as well as resources.