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The development of microbial products for cancer treatment has been in the spotlight in recent years. In order to accelerate the lengthy and expensive drug development process, in silico screening tools are systematically employed, especially during the initial discovery phase. Moreover, considering the steadily increasing number of molecules approved by authorities for commercial use, there is a demand for faster methods to repurpose such drugs. Here we present a review on virtual screening web tools, such as publicly available databases of molecular targets and libraries of ligands, with the aim to facilitate the discovery of potential anticancer drugs based on microbial products. We provide an entry-level step-by-step description of the workflow for virtual screening of microbial metabolites with known protein targets, as well as two practical examples using freely available web tools. The first case presents a virtual screening study of drugs developed from microbial products using Caver Web, a web tool that performs docking along a tunnel. The second case comprises a comparative analysis between a wild type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and a mutant that results in cancer, using the recently developed web tool PredictSNPOnco. In summary, this review provides the basic and essential background information necessary for virtual screening experiments, which may accelerate the discovery of novel anticancer drugs.

PurposeThe aim of our study was to investigate the value of baseline and preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the pathological response and disease-free survival (DFS) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors in patients with resectable non‒small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and MethodsResectable NSCLC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors between January 2018 and January 2020 were included. Peripheral venous blood samples of the patients were collected within 3 days prior to the first neoadjuvant treatment and within 3 days prior to surgery.ResultsA total of 79 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group and 89 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone group were included. Thirty-five point four percent of the patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group, whereas only 9.0% reached pCR in the group of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. High NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and DFS in neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group. Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline NLR could independently predict pathological response and DFS in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group. ConclusionHigh NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and shorter DFS in patients with NSCLC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. Meanwhile, baseline NLR could independently predict response to pathological response and DFS, revealing its potential as a screening tool in NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors.

Introduction: There are various scales designed to determine the risk of malnutrition at hospital admission in children. However, most of these instruments are developed and published in English. Their cross-cultural adaptation and validation being mandatory in order to be used in our country. Objectives: Cross-culturally adapt three scales designed to determine the risk of malnutrition linked to the disease and determine the validity of their content. Material and methods: Cross-cultural adaptation using the translation-back-translation met-hod in accordance with the recommendations of the International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests. Content validity was measured by a panel of experts (under seven basic selection criteria adapted from the Fehring model) who evaluated each item of the scales by measuring 4 criteria: ambiguity, simplicity, clarity and relevance. With the extracted score, Aiken's V statistic was obtained for each item and for the complete scales. Results: Starting from three independent translations per scale, 3 definitive versions in Spanish of the PNRS, STRONGkids and STAMP scales were obtained semantically equivalent to their original versions. The PNRS and STRONGkids scales presented an Aiken's V greater than 0.75 in all their items, while the STAMP scale presented a value less than 0.75 for the item "weight and height". Conclusion: This study provides the transculturally adapted Spanish versions of the PNRS, STRONGkids and STAMP scales. The PNRS and STRONGkids scales present valid content to be applied in the state hospital context. STAMP requires the adaptation of its item "weight and height" to consider its use in a Spanish child population adequate. (c) 2021 Asociacion Espanola de Pediatr?? acute accent a. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).

Background/Aims Previous research has identified a set of early warning signs of complainants most likely to become unusually persistent. Further research was recommended to devise a tool to assist in the early recognition of such complainants. This study aimed to devise and validate a tool to assist in the early identification of complainants who are most likely to become unusually persistent. Methods A 10-item tool (the review of initial complainant conduct) was developed using previously-identified warning signs. The tool was validated using retrospective data from a group of complainants taken from the Scottish Public Services Ombudsman. Results A revised eight-item review of initial complainant conduct tool provided optimum sensitivity and specificity. Complainants who scored two or more out of eight on the tool were five times more likely to become unusually persistent. Conclusions The review of initial complainant conduct is a valid, reliable tool for the early identification of complainants who are most likely to become unusually persistent. Its use would potentially allow appropriate management strategies to improve outcomes for complainants and for service improvements to be implemented.

Background The loco-check has been widely used to raise awareness of locomotive syndrome (LS) not only in the general population but also among medical practitioners. However, a screening tool of the loco-check for LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3 has not yet been established. The present study developed a screening tool for use with the loco-check to detect LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1659 community-dwelling older adults (730 males, 929 females) with a mean age of 73.8 ± 6.0 years old (range, 65–96 years old) was conducted, based on the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD). All subjects underwent the loco-check as an index test and the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) as a reference standard at the same time. Subjects with a GLFS-25 total score of ≤6 points, 7–15 points, 16–23 points, and ≥24 points were diagnosed with non-LS, LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3, respectively. A conventional receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to confirm the optimal cut-off values of the loco-check score and their sensitivity and specificity to identify LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3, with a preference for a slightly higher sensitivity as the tool is intended primarily for screening purposes. Results The optimal cut-off values of the loco-check score to discriminate LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3 as a screening tool were 1 point (sensitivity 85.4% and specificity 64.9%), 2 points (sensitivity 88.8% and specificity 75.1%), and 3 points (sensitivity 87.6% and specificity 84.6%), respectively. Conclusions Our findings may help both the general population and medical practitioners become roughly aware of and estimate the severity of LS, which will contribute to its use in community health activities and the dissemination of the concept of LS.

Youth involved in the juvenile justice system are at elevated risk for suicide and co-occurring mental health symptoms. This study aims to examine the suicide risk and treatment needs of court-involved, non-incarcerated (CINI) youth, and to understand the acceptability and effectiveness of implementing a mental health screening procedure at time of first court contact. By embedding a forensic mental health screening tool into the intake process of a family court diversionary program, a total of 891 youth (aged 12-18) were assessed using the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 (MAYSI-2). Analysis of screening responses revealed 12.5% of youth indicated risk for suicide with risk levels differentiated by youth sex, race and ethnicity. Suicide ideation was also significantly associated with flagging, an indication of clinical risk, on all other scales of the MAYSI-2, as well as subsequent referrals to treatment. Screening for suicide at first point of court contact within an existing diversionary program may serve as a critical and effective point of intervention for youth in need.

Purpose People with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (ED). Screening is recommended however little is known about patients’ perspectives on screening questionnaires. This paper reports qualitative analyses of patients’ perspectives on the questionnaire Diabetes Eating Problem Survey Revised (DEPS-R), including acceptability, attitudes, and cognitive understanding. Research design and methods 15 adolescents with type 1 diabetes between 11 and 18 years, were interviewed. A semi-structured format and a qualitative Interpretive Descriptive (ID) methodology was chosen. Results The analyses identified four themes: (1) The Questionnaire, (2) Reframing Diabetes Visits, (3) This is (not) for me, and (4) Out in the Open. The DEPS-R was completed with-in 5–10 min. with no technical difficulties. The questionnaire altered the diabetes visit for some, creating a new dialog, and time for self-reflection. Adolescents appreciated the direct approach in the questionnaire, and showed willingness to complete the questionnaire, when presented to them by a health care professional (HCP). One item in the DEPS-R proved difficult to understand for some participants. Conclusion The study highlights DEPS-R as a clinically relevant screening questionnaire. Completing DEPS-R prior to a consultation opens the door to a consultation that invites the adolescent to address matters of eating behavior. Our findings suggest that systematic screening of DE/ED using the DEPS-R is both accepted and welcomed by adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Future research should focus on a potential update of selected items in DEPS-R. Level of evidence V – qualitative study.

Background Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a rare, debilitating and fatal disease, mostly characterized by progressive axonal peripheral neuropathy. Diagnosis is still challenging and diagnostic delay in non-endemic area is about 3–4 years. The aim of this study was to arrange a clinical and electrophysiological score to select patients with axonal neuropathy that deserve screening for TTR mutation. Methods Thirty-five ATTRv patients and 55 patients with chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and electrophysiological findings at first evaluation were collected. Based on significant results between the two groups, a compound (clinical and electrophysiological) score was arranged, and ROC analysis was performed to identify the ideal cut-off able to discriminate between the two groups. Results ATTRv patients presented a later age at onset, more frequent muscle weakness and carpal tunnel syndrome history. On the other hand, electrophysiological analysis showed that ATTRv patients had lower CMAP and SAP amplitude in all examined nerves. We arranged a compound score constituted by 7 total items, ranging from 0 to 12. ROC analysis showed an Area Under the Curve = 0.8655 and we set the cut-off ≥ 5 points to discriminate ATTRv patients with a sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 63.6%. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that our compound score with cut-off ≥ 5 allows to discriminate ATTRv patients among subject affected by axonal polyneuropathy with a sensitivity > 95%. Thus, our compound score is a quick, easy and effective screening tool.

BACKGROUND Selection of residents is a challenging process. The use of personality inventories to evaluate applicants has been validated in professions outside of healthcare. It has been shown that job applicants could not game the personality evaluation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if orthopaedic surgery residents could game the personality assessment to make themselves seem like a better fit for orthopaedic surgery residencies. METHODS In 2017, 20 orthopaedic surgery residents at a single program were administered a validated personality assessment twice. On one occasion, they were instructed to answer honestly. On the other, they were instructed to shade their answers in a way that they would want a program to see them. Assessments were scored on 9 scales to determine how many were modified to a more desirable result based on previously determined results for desirability of orthopaedic residents. RESULTS Nineteen of 20 subjects had at least one of the nine scales that was “undesirable” when taking the test honestly. The average was 2.1. Forty-two out of a possible 180 results were “undesirable” when the test was taken honestly. 41 of the 42 became desirable when the subjects were instructed to shade their answers. CONCLUSIONS Orthopaedic surgery residents were able to modify their answers to a personality assessment enough to hide most “red flag” findings when they were instructed to shade questions toward answers they thought would be desirable by a program. This limits the utility of personality assessments as screening tools for residency applications.

Mental health problems are more common in children with pediatric rheumatologic diseases (PRDs) than healthy peers. Mental health problems affect disease-related outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), so addressing these problems can improve clinical and psychosocial outcomes. Mental health screening tools are available, and there are resources available to aid in integrating mental health care into the clinical setting. By implementing these tools, mental health problems can be recognized and addressed.

This cross-sectional study measured the sensitivity and specificity of muscle ultrasound (MUS) in the assessment of patients with suspected limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). Sixty patients with suspected LGMD from the Neuromuscular Unit, Myology Clinic, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, and a series of healthy subjects were included. The patients underwent real-time B-mode ultrasonography performed using a General Electric ultrasound machine (GE Logiq P7) and a General Electric 7.5 MHz linear array ultrasound probe (USA). All images were obtained and scored by a single examiner, and muscle echo intensity was visually graded semiquantitatively using Heckmatt's scale. The examiner was blinded to the clinical evaluations and patients' investigations. Statistical analysis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the total upper-limb (UL) Heckmatt's US score at a cutoff point1 predicted patients with dystrophy, with good (88%) accuracy and with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 75%, respectively (p 0.01). Moreover, the total lower-limbs (LL) Heckmatt's US score at a cutoff point1 predicted patients with dystrophy, with excellent (91%) accuracy and with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 75%, respectively (p 0.01). Finally, the total Heckmatt's US score at a cutoff point2 predicted patients with dystrophy, with good (89%) accuracy and with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 75%, respectively (p 0.01). Thus, MUS can be considered a valid screening tool in the assessment of patients with suspected LGMD.

Cell migration is a process that underlies the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, with profound implications in various pathologies. The study of cell migration is fundamental in various fields of basic biology and pharmaceutical development. Wound healing assay is an indirect way to assess cell migration. Conventional methods, such as the scratch test, are inexpensive and easy to execute but have the disadvantages of being poorly reproducible and difficult to perform on a high-throughput scale. Meanwhile, commercial strategies are expensive. In the present work, we developed a lab-made wound healing assay device that is inexpensive, easy to handle, and reproducible. We designed 3D-printed stoppers compatible with cell culture in 96-well plates. These stoppers did not affect HaCaT cells viability. The stopper-produced initial wound size was reproducible on a high-throughput scale. Also, stoppers demonstrated their effectiveness to evaluate cell migration and allowed differentiating treatments with and without fetal bovine serum. Finally, proliferation assay was determined in this wound healing model. In conclusion, our lab-made 3D-printed stopper-based assay is a more economical alternative to currently available strategies for developing reproducible, high-throughput assays to assess cell migration and proliferation.

Лікування хронічного больового синдрому залишається складним завданням, особливо в людей літнього віку. Дослідження альтернативних механізмів виникнення болю дозволить покращити ефективність лікування та якість життя таких пацієнтів. У статті наведені дані огляду літератури, які стосуються нейропатичного болю при найпоширеніших захворюваннях кістково-м’язової системи. У першій частині розглядаються загальні питання термінології, епідеміології, патофізіології та діагностики нейропатичного болю.

Background and Objectives: Hearing thresholds across frequencies must be obtained for hearing aid fitting. Narrow-band noise (NBN) and speech sounds are often used as stimuli in pediatric audiologic assessments to elicit children’s attention due to their wider frequency ranges as compared to pure tones. However, obtaining complete responses across frequency ranges is challenging in pediatric practice. Therefore, we developed a frequency-specific phoneme screening tool, the Mandarin Phoneme Detection Score Sheet, to help clinicians evaluate aided performance in pediatric practice.Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 adults with typical hearing and 30 children aged 3-12 years with hearing loss were recruited. Threshold ranges for the aided detection of Mandarin phonemes and NBN were measured using 95% confidence intervals. A stepwise regression analysis was then performed to identify the Mandarin phonemes that can predict NBN detection performance.Results: The Mandarin Phoneme Detection Score Sheet was developed based on the results of the regression analysis. It was shown that the phonemes /ɤ, a, tɕh/ could predict detection performance at different frequencies.Conclusions: The Mandarin Phoneme Detection Score Sheet can allow audiologists and early intervention professionals to determine the benefits of hearing aids for pediatric patients in the early stage of hearing loss conditions.

Background and Purpose: Two-dimensional high-resolution multicontrast magnetic resonance imaging (2D-MC MRI) is currently the most reliable and reproducible noninvasive carotid vessel wall imaging technique. However, the long scan time required for 2D-MC MRI restricts its practical clinical application. Alternatively, 3-dimensional motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium prepared rapid gradient echo (3D-MERGE) vessel wall MRI can provide high isotropic resolution with extensive coverage in two minutes. In this study, we sought to prove that 3D-MERGE alone can serve as a screening tool to identify advanced carotid lesions. Methods: Two hundred twenty-seven subjects suspected of recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were imaged using 2D-MC MRI with an imaging time of 30 minutes, then with 3D-MERGE with an imaging time of 2 minutes, on 3T-MRI scanners. Two experienced reviewers interpreted plaque components using 2D-MC MRI as the reference standard and categorized plaques using a modified American Heart Association lesion classification for MRI. Plaques of American Heart Association type IV and above were classified as advanced. Arteries of American Heart Association types I to II and III were categorized as normal or with early lesions, respectively. One radiologist independently reviewed only 3D-MERGE and labeled the plaques as advanced if they had a wall thickness of >2 mm with high or low signal intensity compared with the adjacent sternocleidomastoid muscle. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for 3D-MERGE were calculated. Results: Four hundred forty-nine arteries from 227 participants (mean age 61.2 years old, 64% male) were included in the analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for identification of advanced lesions on 3D-MERGE were 95.0% (95% CI, 91.8–97.2), 86.9% (95% CI, 81.4–92.0), 93.8% (95% CI, 91.1–95.8), respectively. Conclusions: 3D-MERGE can accurately identify advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients suspected of stroke or transient ischemic attack. It has a more extensive coverage and higher sensitivity and specificity for advanced plaque detection with a much shorter acquisition time than 2D-MC MRI. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02017756.

Background: Identifying high-risk groups for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during evacuation situations requires a valid short screening tool. The re-experiencing symptoms of PTSD are considered helpful for distinguishing those with PTSD from those without, as they are thought to be specific to PTSD, have less ambiguity for respondents, and are representative of all PTSD symptoms. Objective: To develop a new short version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) comprising only re-experiencing symptom items. Method: We used existing data (N = 169) from our previous study on the Japanese version of the PDS and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). The sample included both clinical outpatients (n = 106) and university students (n = 63), all of whom reported one or more traumatic experiences. We created candidate 2- and 3-item versions of the PDS and compared their psychometric characteristics against the CAPS. Results: The best candidate (comprising items for ‘intrusive images’, ‘nightmares’, and ‘physiological reactions when reminded of the trauma’) demonstrated an area under the curve of .95, 94.8% sensitivity, 86.1% specificity for the best cut-off score of three. The candidate scale also showed a strong correlation with CAPS-evaluated severity score and internal consistency. Conclusions: The brief re-experiencing PDS had good psychometric properties among Japanese adults with and without PTSD.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the benefit of a screening tool in selecting head-injured children who can potentially cooperate with computed tomography (CT).Methods: The study population consisted of head-injured children aged 36 months or younger who visited the emergency department (ED) and underwent CT from January 2013 through December 2020. Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) using per os chloral hydrate or per rectal thiopental was implemented to children presumed less cooperative for CT as per a clinical screening tool for cooperative candidates for CT (e.g., ability to lie still on bed for 10 seconds without a guardian). According to the PSA and the first attempt success of CT, we compared baseline characteristics, CT findings, clinically important traumatic brain injury, ED length of stay (EDLOS), and ED disposition.Results: Among the 247 children, PSA was used in 102 (41.3%). The PSA group showed a higher proportion of 3-36 months of age (PSA, 96.1% vs. non-PSA, 82.8%; P = 0.001) and longer median EDLOS (PSA, 127.0 [interquartile range, 101.0-172.0] vs. non-PSA, 85.0 minutes [63.0-130.0]; P < 0.001). The number of children undergoing the first attempt success was 213 (86.2%) without a difference in both groups (PSA, 84.3% vs. non-PSA, 87.6%; P = 0.645). In the 213 children, the implementation of PSA was associated with longer median EDLOS (PSA, 121.0 [99.0-156.0] vs. non-PSA, 77.0 minutes [60.0-122.0]; P < 0.001). In the non-PSA group (n = 145), the first attempt failure was associated with the presence of skull fracture (success, 7.1% vs. failure, 27.8%; P = 0.009).Conclusion: This study suggests a potential benefit of the screening tool in selecting cooperative candidates for CT, i.e., those who could forgo PSA using oral chloral hydrate or per rectal thiopental, in young children with head injury.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a modified Dionne's Egress Test (Egress) as a predictor of falls with the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) in adult medical and surgical patients in an acute care setting. BACKGROUND Nurses must identify fall risk while balancing fall prevention and early mobility in their care delivery. Fall risk screening tools alone are not enough to assist nurses in predicting patients at risk of falling. METHODS A retrospective observational study design was used to compare the Egress as a predictor of falls to the MFS. The sample included data abstracted from 197 electronic health records and internal falls data. RESULTS The Egress and the MFS are moderately and negatively correlated; however, only Egress was a significant predictor of falls. Passing the Egress, not being on benzodiazepines, and having a longer length of stay (LOS) results were associated with being less likely to fall. CONCLUSION Egress is a better predictor of falls than MFS when benzodiazepines and LOS are controlled in the model.

In 2016, the Minnesota Department of Corrections implemented the Minnesota Screening Tool Assessing Recidivism Risk 2.0 (MnSTARR 2.0), a fully-automated, gender-specific instrument that predicts mu...

Despite the prevalence of treatment-resistant depression, many pharmaceutical companies have abandoned the development of new antidepressants. Experts have attributed this, in part, to the low quality of preclinical tests available in this field, often citing over-reliance on animal behavioral screens, such as the forced swim test (FST). This retrospective review assessed whether compounds tested in the FST by major pharmaceutical companies were shown to have antidepressant effects in humans. Of 109 compounds identified, only 28% had been explored for antidepressant effects in humans. Of these, there were only three for which the FST appeared to positively predict antidepressant efficacy, but none are currently approved to treat any type of depression. With such poor accuracy for identifying novel antidepressants, the FST might not be a useful screening tool for this purpose.

Patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis are prone to develop depressive symptoms. However, within the time constraints of dermatological clinics, depressive symptoms in psoriasis patients are often overlooked and thus underdiagnosed. The Two Questions Test may serve as a quick screening tool for an initial assessment of depressive burden in these patients. We evaluated its usefulness in the clinical context analyzing the records of patients starting systemic treatment for psoriasis with a selective interleukin (IL)23- or IL17A-inhibitor. In a total sample of N = 139 patients, baseline Two Questions Test scores were analyzed together with measures of psoriatic and psychiatric symptoms. In addition, the development of the Two Questions Test scores over the course of the first 28 weeks of treatment was assessed. No association was found between the Two Questions Test scores and skin symptoms measured by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and the visibility of skin lesions. However, skin related quality of life analyzed with the Dermatology Life Quality Index was associated with the Two Questions Test scores. In addition, the longitudinal analysis revealed improvement in Two Questions Test outcomes over the course of patients’ treatment. These results indicate the Two Questions Test's usefulness both as an initial screening tool of depressive symptoms, as well as in its use as a sensitive tool for the repeated assessment of depressive symptoms in psoriasis patients.

The contemporary ideas about the interaction of gene polymorphism and environmental factors during the manifestation of autism spectrum disorders were discussed in this article. The screening tools were provided for assessing the development of a child, and both the provisional diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders by general practitioners and final procedure by a specia-lized doctor. The features of autism spectrum disorders in case of comorbid psychiatric disorders and general medical conditions were described. The article presents a model for the therapy of pervasive developmental disorders developed in the Ukrainian Research Institute of Social and Forensic Psychiatry and Drug Abuse, the features of using psychosocial interventions and drug treatment for comorbid psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Objective Headaches are common among youth and are associated with significant negative outcomes. Despite advances in interdisciplinary treatments for youth with chronic pain, research suggests disparities in access to these services. Methods A total of 186 youth (M = 14.19 years old, 70.8% female) presenting to a neurology appointment at a children’s hospital system were screened using the Pediatric Pain Screening Tool (PPST), a brief, validated measure to identify youth that may benefit from additional pain management services. Results Two-thirds of participants (n = 124, 66.7%) screened as medium or high risk on the PPST. Risk categorization did not vary by patient age or sex. A greater proportion of Hispanic/Latino patients were categorized as low-risk relative to non-Hispanic/Latino patients (55.6% vs. 30.1%), and a somewhat lower proportion of patients of color were categorized as medium-risk relative to White patients (14.0% vs. 30.5%). Three-quarters (n = 94, 75.8%) of patients who were screened as medium or high risk were not referred for any additional pain management services. Referrals did not vary by patient age or ethnicity. While not statistically significant, a lower proportion of males received referrals at both medium (8.3% vs. 17.6%) and high levels of risk (15.8% vs. 34.5%), and a greater proportion of youth of color who screened as medium risk received referrals relative to White youth categorized as medium risk (37.5% vs. 10.3%). Conclusion Future research should continue to explore factors influencing decision-making regarding referral to specialized pain management services for youth with headache.

Background Kernicterus Spectrum Disorders (KSDs) result from hyperbilirubinemia-induced brain injury. We developed a Toolkit (KSD-TK) to predict the likelihood of KSDs. This study aims to validate the KSD-TK by comparing it to clinical diagnoses made by the Kernicterus Clinic in the Division of Neurology. Methods Through retrospective chart review, we completed a KSD-TK for 37 patients evaluated between 2011 and 2019 using highest bilirubin, newborn risk factors, neonatal exam, follow-up exam, auditory testing, tooth enamel, and MRI brain results. KSD-TK results were compared to the clinical diagnoses given by a kernicterus expert (SS). Results Of 37 patients, 29 were clinically diagnosed with kernicterus, including 14/14 with KSD-TK scored as "definite", 14/15 "probable", and 1/2 with "possible" kernicterus. None of 6 patients with KSD-TK "not kernicterus" were clinically diagnosed with kernicterus. Combining KSD-TK "definite" and "probable", the KSD-TK has 96.6% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. Each KSD-TK component had high sensitivity, but only three had specificity ≥0.75: auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, abnormal movements and/or tone on follow-up exam, and abnormal globus pallidus and/or subthalamic nucleus on MRI. Conclusion The KSD-TK is a promising screening tool for patients at risk for kernicterus. Impact This study provides validation of a Kernicterus Spectrum Disorders (KSDs) Toolkit. The toolkit provides screening criteria for predicting KSD diagnosis. Scores of definite or probable have high sensitivity and specificity for KSDs. Abnormal auditory processing, exam, and MRI were most specific for KSDs.

Introduction Because of low pediatric HIV prevalence, more tests are needed to find 1 HIV-positive child compared with adults. In Uganda, the number needed to test (NNT) to find 1 new HIV-positive child was 64 in outpatient departments (OPDs) and 31 through index testing. We aimed to develop and validate a pediatric (1.5-14 years) screening tool to optimize testing approaches. Methods Phase 1 evaluated the performance of 10 screening questions in 14 OPDs using a variable selection algorithm to evaluate combinations of screening questions. Using logistic regression, we identified the number of screening questions with the best predictive accuracy using the receiver operation characteristic curve. Phase 2 validated the proposed tool in 15 OPDs and 7 orphan and vulnerable children programs. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, and NNT accounting for intercluster correlations. Results A total of 3482 children were enrolled. The optimal model included reported HIV-positive maternal status or 2/5 symptoms (sickly in the last 3 months, recurring skin problems, weight loss, not growing well, and history of tuberculosis). The proposed tool had sensitivity of 83.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 68.1 to 92.4] and specificity of 62.5% (95% CI: 55.0 to 69.4). The tool was validated in a sample of 11,342 children; sensitivity was 87.8% (95% CI: 80.9 to 92.5) and specificity 62.6% (95% CI: 54.8 to 69.7) across OPDs and community sites. In OPDs, sensitivity was 88.1% (95% CI: 80.8 to 92.8) and specificity 69.0% (95% CI: 61.9 to 75.3). The NNT was 43 (95% CI: 28 to 67) across settings and 28 (95% CI: 20 to 38) for OPD. Conclusions This HIV screening tool has high sensitivity and reasonable specificity, increasing testing efficiency and yield for children and adolescents.

People differ in how they respond to artworks. Measuring such individual differences is helpful for explaining response variability and selecting particularly responsive subsamples. On the basis of a sample of items indicating relevant behavior and experience, we exploratively constructed the Aesthetic Responsiveness Assessment (AReA), a screening tool for the assessment of individual differences in responsiveness to art in English and German. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested three first-order factors labeled aesthetic appreciation, intense aesthetic experience, and creative behavior, and a second-order factor aesthetic responsiveness. Aesthetic responsiveness was assessed in N= 781 participants from the United States and Germany, and measurement invariance analysis demonstrated full metric and partial scalar invariance across language versions. AReA scale scores yielded good reliability estimates. Validation studies confirmed expected associations between AReA scale scores and measures of related constructs, as well as continuously and retrospectively recorded responses to music, visual art, and poetry. In summary, the AReA is a promising, psychometrically evaluated instrument to assess aesthetic responsiveness built on a mixture of exploratory and confirmatory construction strategies. It can be used as a screening tool both in English and German speaking samples.

Since parental burnout can have detrimental consequences for parents, couples, and children, easy-to-use, reliable, and valid practical tools for the early detection of parental burnout are required. We developed and validated a brief scale to identify burned-out parents and parents at burnout risk. In Study 1, we developed the 5-item Brief Parental Burnout scale (BPBs) based on the gold standard measure of parental burnout, the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). We applied Item Response Theory Graded Response Model (GRM) analyses on the data of 1,725 Finnish parents. Compared against the PBA total score, the five selected items showed both high sensitivity and specificity in screening parental burnout. As expected, burned-out parents and those at burnout risk according to the BPBs displayed higher depressive symptoms, lower self-esteem, and more frequent sleep disruptions than non-burned-out parents. In Study 2, we tested the sensitivity and specificity of the BPBs by using both the BPBs and the PBA as independent assessment tools in a sample of 1,088 Finnish parents. In Study 3, the high sensitivity and specificity of the BPBs found in Study 2 were replicated in an independent sample of 104 Belgian parents. We further demonstrated the concurrent validity of the BPBs test score interpretations by showing that burned-out parents, or those at burnout risk, reported higher child neglect and parental violence than non-burned-out parents. Because of its user-friendliness and the strong psychometric properties of its test score, the BPBs is a good candidate to use as a screening tool for parental burnout. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved). peerReviewed

Summary In this editorial, we examine how the STRoke After Surgery (STRAS) screening tool and similar risk scoring systems can be used to identify high-risk patients for postoperative stroke. Specific challenges to develop and implement preventative measures aimed at improving postoperative outcomes are discussed. Finally, we suggest potential future areas of research in this field.

BACKGROUND For cancer patients nearing death, the prediction of their prognosis by physicians is crucial. This study examined the usefulness of the 1-Day Surprise Question (1DSQ). METHODS This study was conducted as part of a multicenter prospective observational study. The physicians answered the 1DSQ "Would I be surprised if this patient died in the next 1 day?" when patients have palliative performance scale (PPS) ≤20. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the 1DSQ. Moreover, using multivariate analysis, we evaluated the characteristics of patients who died among those whose physicians answered the 1DSQ as "not surprised". RESULTS Overall, 1,896 patients were enrolled, and 1411 (74.4%) were analyzed between January and December 2017. Among these, 847 (60.0%) patients were placed in the "not surprised" group. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the 1DSQ were 82.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 77.5-85.8%], 45.5% (95% CI: 44.4-46.4%), 27.4% (95% CI: 25.9-28.7%), and 91.0% (95% CI: 88.9-92.9%), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that urine output over last 12 hours

Family history screening to identify individuals at increased risk for hereditary cancers could be a powerful strategy to prevent cancer but is used inconsistently in primary care. The objective was to improve identification of women with at-risk family histories using a point-of-care family history screening tool administered on an electronic tablet device during well-woman appointments. A total of 288 women were invited to participate and 136 women (47.2%) completed the electronic family history screening tool. Significantly more women were identified and referred to the genetics department with the electronic family history screening tool than the standard-of-care paper questionnaire (11.8% versus 0.8%, P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of referred women who were evaluated by the genetic counselors, and no pathogenic variants were found with either family history screening method. Implementing innovative self-reporting tools may improve inherited cancer risk detection.

Frailty is an important clinical syndrome of age-related decline in physiologic reserve and increased vulnerability. In older adults, frailty leads to progressive multisystem decline and increased adverse clinical outcomes. The pathophysiology of frailty is hypothesized to be driven by dysregulation of neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. Sex-specific differences in the prevalence of frailty have been observed. Treatment interventions of geriatric care can be applied to the care of frail older women with these differences in mind. As additional evidence regarding sex-specific differences in frailty emerges, research efforts should encompass the development of screening tools and therapeutic interventions that optimize outcomes.

This article aims to translate and implement the cross-cultural adaptation of the WAST - Woman Abuse Screening Tool, designed in English and used to track violence by an intimate partner. For adaptation, the conceptual equivalence of terms and semantics between the original version in English and the version translated into Portuguese was evaluated, the result of two translations and back-translation, discussion by a panel of experts, establishment of the preliminary version and finally testing in 88 participants of both sexes, selected in two health units at the level of primary health care. The cross-cultural adaptation resulted in an equivalence of concepts and semantics between the initial translation and the final back-translation. From the testing it was concluded that the version of WAST translated and adapted to the Mozambican context, has good internal consistency, the scales of WAST-Short (α = 0.813) such as those of IPV or WAST-Long (α = 0.834) are highly related. The two scales do not discriminate between men and women (WAST-Short p = 0.204, WAST-Long p = 0.271). Implications are discussed for more effective HIV and violence prevention and treatment counseling. Key words: Violence, intimate partner, instruments, adaptation, testing, intimate partner violence, HIV prevention, treatment.

PURPOSE We implemented an EMR-based "Spine at Risk" (SAR) alert program in 2011 to identify pediatric patients at risk for intraoperative spinal cord injury (SCI) and prompt an evaluation for peri-operative recommendations prior to anesthetic. SAR alerts were activated upon documentation of a qualifying ICD-9/10 diagnosis or manually entered by providers. We aimed to determine the frequency of recommended precautions for those auto-flagged by diagnosis versus by provider, the frequency of precautions, and whether the program prevented SCIs during non-spinal surgery. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of patients from 2011 to 19 with an SAR alert. We recorded how the chart was flagged, recommended precautions, and reviewed data for SCIs at our institution during non-spinal operations. RESULTS Of the 3453 patients with an SAR alert over the 9-year study period, 1963 were auto-flagged by diagnosis and 1490 by manual entry. Only 38.7% and 24.3% of the patients in these respective groups were assigned precaution recommendations, making the auto-flag 62.8% better than providers at identifying patients needing precautions. Cervical spine positioning precautions were needed most frequently (86.7% of diagnosis-flagged; 30.0% of provider-flagged), followed by intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) (25.2%; 6.1%), thoracolumbar positioning restrictions (16.1%; 7.9%), and fiberoptic intubation (13.9%; 5.7%). There were no SCIs in non-spinal procedures during the study. CONCLUSION EMR-based alerts requiring evaluation by a Neurosurgeon or Orthopaedic surgeon prior to anesthesia can prevent SCIs during non-spinal procedures. The majority of identified patients are not found to be at risk, and will not require special precautions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence rates of frail, prefrail, robust and mobility disabled older adults living in retirement villages within regional Victoria, Australia. METHODS This cross-sectional, observational study invited residents of retirement villages to complete the self-report questionnaires Fried Frailty Phenotype and Frail Non-Disabled screening tool to classify respondents as frail, prefrail, robust and/or mobility disabled. RESULTS From 212 respondents, prevalence rates of frail and prefrail status were 34% and 35%, respectively. A fifth (20%) of residents were mobility disabled. The prevalence of residents classified as frail or prefrail (ie, not robust) was higher in women (74%) than in men (58%). Classification as not robust increased with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to estimate prevalence rates of frailty and mobility disability in retirement village residents in regional Australia. Findings from this study have potential to inform the development of facilities and programs to support people living in this setting.

Objectives Hantavirus is endemic in the Four Corners region of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) disproportionately affects the Navajo Nation. We describe the application of a rapid screening tool for identification of HCPS. Methods A rapid screening tool for HCPS was implemented at Tséhootsooí Medical Center (TMC) in collaboration with academic partners. Results Since its implementation in 2016, 20 TMC staff members have been trained to perform this test, and 189 screens for HCPS have been reported. Although hantavirus infection is rare even in high-risk areas, use of this tool resulted in the identification of 4 acute cases of hantavirus infection. Conclusions The results demonstrate the successful implementation of a 5-point screening tool for hantavirus infection in an endemic setting by a laboratory in a small community hospital.

Maternal alloimmunisation against red blood cell antigens can cause haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Although most frequently caused by anti-D, since the implementation of rhesus D (RhD) immunoglobulin prophylaxis, other alloantibodies have become more prevalent in HDFN. Recent advances in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) have allowed early prediction of HDFN risk in alloimmunised pregnancies and allow clinicians to focus health resources on those pregnancies that require intervention. This article aims to provide updates on the current status of NIPT in Australia as both a diagnostic and screening tool in pregnancy.

PURPOSE Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of developing subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) resulting from exposure to prior therapies. CCS with underlying cancer predisposition syndromes are at additional genetic risk of SMN development. The McGill Interactive Pediatric OncoGenetic Guidelines (MIPOGG) tool identifies children with cancer at increased likelihood of having a cancer predisposition syndrome, guiding clinicians through a series of Yes or No questions that generate a recommendation for or against genetic evaluation. We evaluated MIPOGG's ability to predict SMN development in CCS. METHODS Using the provincial cancer registry (Ontario, Canada), and adopting a nested case-control approach, we identified CCS diagnosed and/or treated for a primary malignancy before age 18 years (1986-2015). CCS who developed an SMN (cases) were matched, by primary cancer and year of diagnosis, with CCS who did not develop an SMN (controls) over the same period (1:5 ratio). Potential predictors for SMN development (chemotherapy, radiation, and MIPOGG output) were applied retrospectively using clinical data pertaining to the first malignancy. Conditional logistic regression models estimated hazard ratios and 95% CIs associated with each covariate, alone and in combination, for SMN development. RESULTS Of 13,367 children with a primary cancer, 317 (2.4%) developed an SMN and were matched to 1,569 controls. A MIPOGG output recommending evaluation was significantly associated with SMN development (hazard ratio 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.19) in a multivariable model that included primary cancer therapy exposures. MIPOGG was predictive of SMN development, showing value in nonhematologic malignancies and in CCS not exposed to radiation. CONCLUSION MIPOGG has additional value for SMN prediction beyond treatment exposures and may be beneficial in decision making for enhanced individualized SMN surveillance strategies for CCS.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of a social determinants of health (SDH) screening tool and service referral on emergency department (ED) use among patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center primary care clinic. STUDY DESIGN Quasi-experimental. SAMPLE Three-hundred and eleven English-speaking patients 18 years and older. MEASURES The Core 5 SDH screening tool consists of five yes/no items assessing food, housing, utilities, transportation, and safety needs. The number of ED visits 3 months before and after the intervention were collected from electronic health records. INTERVENTION The research team administered the Core 5 SDH screening tool and if desired, referred patients with an identified need for SDH services. RESULTS Approximately 43% of patients reported a SDH need with food insecurity most prevalent (62.2%). The number of ED visits was significantly lower 3 months post-intervention compared to 3 months before for the 125 participants who wanted and received the SDH service referral (IRR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41, 0.99) and for the 35 participants who reported receiving some/all of the needed services at the 2-week follow-up (IRR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Addressing patients' SDH needs may reduce ED visits, lower healthcare costs, and ultimately, improve health.

PURPOSE To compare Netra smartphone-based and automated refraction with subjective refraction for screening of refractive errors. METHODS Cross-sectional study at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Subjects underwent subjective refraction, then automated refraction, and finally Netra smartphone-based refraction. All results were converted to power vectors (M, J0 and J45) and were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Bland-Altman plots. Sensitivity and specificity were determined. The best cut-off points were determined from ROC curve analysis. P .05), but those between automated and subjective refraction were (0.06 vs 0.11 and 0.07 vs -0.02, p = .004 and p

Pulse oximetry screening (POS) has been shown to be an effective, non-invasive investigation that can detect up to 50–70% of previously undiagnosed congenital heart defects (CHDs). The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy of POS in detection of CHDs and its impact on clinical practice. All eligible newborn infants born between 1 Jan 2015 and 31 Dec 2019 in a busy regional neonatal unit were included in this prospective observational study. A positive POS was classified as two separate measurements of oxygen saturation 2% between pre- and post-ductal circulations. Overall, 23,614 infants had documented POS results. One hundred eighty nine (0.8%) infants had a true positive result: 6 had critical CHDs, 9 serious or significant CHDs, and a further 156/189 (83%) infants had significant non-cardiac conditions. Forty-three infants who had a normal POS were later diagnosed with the following categories of CHDs post-hospital discharge: 1 critical, 15 serious, 20 significant and 7 non-significant CHDs. POS sensitivity for detection of critical CHD was 85.7%, whereas sensitivity was only 33% for detection of major CHDs (critical and serious) needing surgery during infancy; specificity was 99.3%.Conclusion: Pulse oximetry screening showed moderate to high sensitivity in detection of undiagnosed critical CHDs; however, it failed to detect two-third of major CHDs. Our study further emphasises the significance of adopting routine POS to detect critical CHDs in the clinical practice. However, it also highlights the need to develop new, innovative methods, such as perfusion index, to detect other major CHDs missed by current screening tools. What is Known:• Pulse oximetry screening is cost effective, acceptable, easy to perform and has moderate sensitivity and high specificity in detection of critical congenital heart defects.• Pulse oximetry screening has been implemented many countries including USA for detection of critical congenital heart defects, but it is not currently recommended by the UK National Screening Committee. What is New:• To our knowledge, this is the first study describing postnatal detection and presentation of all the infants with congenital heart defects over a period of 5 years, including those not detected on the pulse oximetry screening, on the clinical practice. • It emphasises that further research required to detect critical congenital heart defects and other major CHDs which can be missed on the screening tools currently employed in clinical practice.

The author tested the psychometric properties of the Lifestyle Practices and Health Consciousness Inventory (LPHCI), an interdisciplinary healthcare screening tool, with a stratified random sample (N = 4,009) of Black and Latinx adults in all 50 states. Results of EFA, CFA, higher-order CFA, and multiple-group CFA all supported a 3-dimensional LPHCI model.

This article discusses the current breast cancer screening guidelines and the impact of the development and implementation of a Breast Cancer Screening Algorithm (BCSA). The BCSA combined the most conservative screening guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Breast Cancer Genetics Referral Screening Tool. Implementation occurred at an employer-based health center in Indiana with an order rate of 5.6% for screening mammograms among women ages 40 to 74. Compared with the Healthy People 2030 target of 77.1% for screening mammograms, this employer-provided health center demonstrated need for improvement. Use of the BCSA significantly increased the breast cancer screening rate within the health center.

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer that affects women, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. Cervical cancer is a type of cancer found in the cervix, precisely in the squamous columnar junction (SCJ). Early screening for cervical cancer can be reduce the risk of cervical cancer. One of the popular screening tool methods for the detection of cervical pre-cancer is the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) method. This is due to the level of effectiveness, convenience and low cost. This paper proposes a method for the detection and segmentation of the SCJ region on VIA images using U-Net. This study is the first research conducted using the CNN method to perform segmentation tasks in the SCJ region. The best performance results are shown from the Pixel Accuracy, Mean IoU, Mean Accuracy, Dice coefficient, Precision and Sensitivity values, namely 90.86%, 56.5%, 75.69%, 34.09%, 41.24%, and 56.91%. Keywords: Cervical Pre-cancer, Screening VIA, SCJ, U-Net.

With knowledge about red flags, health professionals can better identify sex trafficking victims. This research seeks to confirm a match between items on one screening tool and trafficked youth’s actual experiences. Also considered are high levels of adverse childhood experiences, another red flag among trafficked youth. Both provide evidence that health care professionals should regularly screen for trafficking risk factors, including personal and family adversity, among youth in all health care settings. Existing clinically oriented tools can serve as a starting point for nurse leaders to integrate system-wide interventions to identify youth at risk for and currently being trafficked.

Background: The influencing factors of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were explored to develop and validate a DKD diagnostic tool based on nomogram approach for patients with T2DM.Methods: A total of 2,163 in-hospital patients with diabetes diagnosed from March 2015 to March 2017 were enrolled. Specified logistic regression models were used to screen the factors and establish four different diagnostic tools based on nomogram according to the final included variables. Discrimination and calibration were used to assess the performance of screening tools.Results: Among the 2,163 participants with diabetes (1,227 men and 949 women), 313 patients (194 men and 120 women) were diagnosed with DKD. Four different screening equations (full model, laboratory-based model 1 [LBM1], laboratory-based model 2 [LBM2], and simplified model) showed good discriminations and calibrations. The C-indexes were 0.8450 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8202 to 0.8690) for full model, 0.8149 (95% CI, 0.7892 to 0.8405) for LBM1, 0.8171 (95% CI, 0.7912 to 0.8430) for LBM2, and 0.8083 (95% CI, 0.7824 to 0.8342) for simplified model. According to Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, good agreement between the predicted and observed DKD events in patients with diabetes was observed for full model (χ2=3.2756, P=0.9159), LBM1 (χ2=7.749, P=0.4584), LBM2 (χ2=10.023, P=0.2634), and simplified model (χ2=12.294, P=0.1387).Conclusion: LBM1, LBM2, and simplified model exhibited excellent predictive performance and availability and could be recommended for screening DKD cases among Chinese patients with diabetes.

Human trafficking, also known as modern-day slavery, is a public health crisis and a growing worldwide crime exploiting approximately 40.3 million victims. A decade ago approximately 79% of human trafficking crimes were related to sexual exploitation and 18% were related to forced labor, but more recent reports show approximately 50% and 38%, respectively. Although sexual exploitation continues to make up the majority of human trafficking crimes, forced labor continues to grow at an alarming rate. The purpose of this paper is 2-fold. First, to empower healthcare providers and community volunteers serving potential victims of human trafficking in traditional and nontraditional settings with human trafficking identification training. This education should include the use of a validated human trafficking screening tool and the timely provision of resources. Second, to guide professional nurses in the holistic approach to caring for potential victims of human trafficking. The core values of holistic nursing practice and Watson's Theory of Human Caring are the pillars guiding mindful and authentic nursing care. Merging evidence-based practice with holistic care will boost victim identification and rescue.

The aim of the current study was to compare women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and with women in a non-PMS group with regard to emotion regulation strategies and trait meta-mood dimensions. Based on the results of an interview and screening tool, a total of 252 female college students were assigned to two groups including 126 women with PMS and 126 non-PMS women. Participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). The results showed that the women with PMS scored significantly higher on suppression (d = 2.35) and lower on reappraisal (d = 0.50), emotional clarity (d = 0.64) and emotional repair (d = 0.81) compared to non-PMS women. Women with PMS had trouble regulating their emotions and didn’t use trait meta-mood strategies adaptively. The findings of our study could help both researchers and clinicians better understand some of the psychological difficulties experienced by women with PMS, and therefore explore and deliver effective interventions.

El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar el rendimiento de la técnica del salto y aterrizaje en deportistas adolescentes mediante la versión modificada del Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA). Como objetivo secundario se compararon los resultados obtenidos, según sexo. Se puntuó cada variable de la herramienta mediante el análisis en video de la prueba de los 75 participantes incluidos en el estudio. Las variables contempladas fueron la puntuación global del TJA y cada criterio del instrumento: 1) Valgo de la extremidad inferior en el aterrizaje; 2) Muslos no paralelos (punto máximo de salto); 3) Muslos no alineados durante la fase de vuelo; 4) Mala alineación de los pies con los hombros; 5) Posición de los pies no paralela (de la punta al talón); 6) Contacto desigual de los pies (aterrizaje asimétrico); 7) Demasiado ruido en el aterrizaje; 8) Pausa entre saltos; 9) La técnica empeora antes de los 10 segundos; 10) No aterriza en el mismo punto (salto consistente). Los valores promedios de la puntuación global de la versión modificada del TJA fueron 8.85±2.31 en el total de la muestra (8.85±2.63 hombres vs. 8.86±2.14 mujeres). Los resultados de la comparación según sexo indicaron diferencias significativas en el criterio 1 (χ2=10.288; p< 0.01), en el criterio 2 (χ2=20.788; p< 0.01), en el criterio 4 (χ2=22.587; p< 0.01) y en el criterio 10 (χ2=8.883; p< 0.01). En consecuencia, el análisis del patrón de salto y aterrizaje permite identificar alteraciones neuromusculares y biomecánicas del patrón de salto-aterrizaje. The main objective of the present study was to analyze the performance of the jump and landing technique in adolescent team sports athletes through the modified version of the Tuck Jump Assessment, (TJA). As a secondary objective, the results obtained werecompared, according to sex. Each outcome measure of the tool was scored through video analysis of the test of the 75 participants included in the study. The main outcome measures were the total score of TJA and each of the ten items: Knee valgus at landing (1), thighs do not reach parallel (2), thighs not equal side-to-side (3), foot placement not shoulder width apart (4), foot placement not parallel (5), foot contact timing not equal (6), excessive landing contact noise (7), pause between jumps (8), technique declines prior to ten seconds (9), and does not land in same footprint (10). The variables contemplated were the global score of the TJA and the ten criteria of the instrument. The average values of the global score of the modified version of the TJA were 8.85±2.31 in the total sample (8.85±2.63 men vs. 8.86±2.14 women). The results of the gender comparison indicated significant differences in item 1(χ2=10.288; p< 0.01), item 2 (χ2=20.788; p