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Resumo Este artigo se propõe a refletir sobre a obrigação médica em decorrência da violação das regras éticas de publicidade em medicina, em especial quando veiculada nas mídias sociais. Por meio do método dedutivo, será discutida a natureza jurídica da obrigação do profissional, que, via de regra, se dá como obrigação de meio. Entretanto, a discussão surge quando o conteúdo da mensagem publicitária e a forma como é veiculada possibilitam transformar essa obrigação em obrigação de resultado, alterando então a natureza jurídica de essência do médico. Para viabilizar o debate, com base em revisão bibliográfica, este artigo expõe a possibilidade de o profissional responder civilmente por violações éticas relativas à publicidade médica e ao comprometimento do consentimento informado, ou seja, se o médico induz resultado, que ele seja responsabilizado por não alcançar o desfecho proposto. Abstract This article reflects on medical obligation due to the violation of the ethical rules of advertising in medicine, especially when published on social media. Using the deductive method, the legal nature of a professional’s obligation will be discussed, which, as a rule, is an obligation of means. However, the discussion arises when the content of the advertising message and how it is conveyed make it possible to transform this obligation into an obligation of result, thus changing the legal nature of the physician’s essence. To enable the debate, based on a literature review, this article exposes the possibility of the professional being civilly responsible for ethical violations related to medical advertising and the impairment of informed consent, that is, if the physician induces results, that he is liable for not achieving the proposed outcome. Resumen Este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre la obligación médica derivada de la violación de las normas éticas de la publicidad en medicina, especialmente cuando se difunde por las redes sociales. Con base en el método deductivo se discutirá la naturaleza jurídica de la obligación del profesional que, en general, se da como obligación de medios. Sin embargo, se plantea la discusión cuando el contenido del mensaje publicitario y la forma como se difunde permiten convertir esta obligación en una obligación de resultado, modificando así la naturaleza jurídica de la esencia del médico. Para facilitar el debate, y con base en una revisión bibliográfica, este artículo expone la posibilidad de que el profesional sea civilmente responsable de las violaciones éticas relacionadas con la publicidad médica y con el compromiso del consentimiento informado, es decir, si el médico induce un resultado, debe ser responsable de no lograr el resultado propuesto.

Background: Impulse control disorders (ICD) occur frequently in individuals with Parkinson's disease. So far, prevention is the best treatment. Several strategies for its treatment have been suggested, but their frequency of use and benefit have scarcely been explored. Objective: To investigate which strategy is the most commonly used in a real-life setting and its rate of response. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted. At the baseline evaluation, data on current treatment and ICD status according to QUIP-RS were collected. The treatment strategies were categorized as “no-change”, dopamine agonist (DA) dose lowering, DA removal, DA switch or add-on therapy. At the six-month follow-up visit, the same tools were applied. Results: A total of 132 individuals (58.3% men) were included; 18.2% had at least one ICD at baseline. The therapeutic strategy most used in the ICD group was no-change (37.5%), followed by DA removal (16.7%), DA switch (12.5%) and DA lowering (8.3%). Unexpectedly, in 20.8% of the ICD subjects the DA dose was increased. Overall, nearly 80% of the subjects showed remission of their ICD at follow-up. Conclusions: Regardless of the therapy used, most of the subjects presented remission of their ICD at follow-up Further research with a longer follow-up in a larger sample, with assessment of decision-making processes, is required in order to better understand the efficacy of strategies for ICD treatment. Resumen Antecedentes: Los trastornos del control de impulsos (TCI) son frecuentes en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson. A la fecha, la prevención es el mejor tratamiento. Existen varias estrategias sugeridas para su tratamiento, pero su frecuencia de uso y beneficio ha sido escasamente explorada. Objetivo: Investigar qué estrategia es la más utilizada en un entorno de la vida real y su tasa de respuesta. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal. En la evaluación inicial, se recopiló el tratamiento actual y el estado del TCI de acuerdo con el QUIP-RS. La estrategia de tratamiento se clasificó como "sin cambios", reducción de la dosis de agonista de la dopamina (AD), eliminación de AD, cambio de AD o terapia complementaria. En la visita de seguimiento a los 6 meses, se aplicaron las mismas herramientas. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 132 (58.3% hombres) personas. El 18.2% tenía al menos un TCI al inicio del estudio. La estrategia terapéutica más utilizada en el grupo de TCI fue sin cambios (37.5%), seguida de eliminación de DA (16.7%), cambio de AD (12.5%) y reducción de DA (8.3%). En el 20.8% de los sujetos con TCI se aumentó la dosis de AD. Casi el 80% de los sujetos tuvieron una remisión del TCI al seguimiento. Conclusiones: Independientemente de la terapia utilizada, la mayoría de los sujetos tuvieron una remisión del TCI. Se requiere más investigación con un seguimiento y una muestra mayor para evaluar l proceso de toma de decisiones para comprender mejor la eficacia de las estrategias.

RESUMO Objetivo: sintetizar evidências sobre efeitos das intervenções breves na redução do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas entre adultos. Método: estudo de revisão sistemática, cadastrado protocolo na International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registro nº CRD42020153034. A busca foi realizada em 2020, em bases de dados eletrônicas e foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliavam os efeitos de Intervenções Breve em adultos bebedores de álcool. Resultados: foram avaliados 11 artigos. Todos os estudos realizaram, nos grupos controle e experimental, teste de identificação do padrão de consumo de álcool, com oferta de feedback para o usuário em seguida. As intervenções utilizam metodologias que incitam o usuário à tomada de decisão, bem como manter a decisão tomada e evitar recaídas. Conclusão: esta pesquisa contribui para o ensino e assistência em saúde, por meio de reflexões sobre a identificação do abuso de álcool e compilado sobre a aplicação e impacto das Intervenções Breves. ABSTRACT Objective: to synthesize evidence on the effects of brief interventions on reducing alcohol consumption among adults. Method: systematic review study, protocol registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration no. CRD42020153034. The search was conducted in 2020, in electronic databases and randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of Brief Interventions in adult alcohol drinkers were included. Results: 11 articles were evaluated. All studies performed, in the control and experimental groups, a test to identify the pattern of alcohol consumption, with feedback offered to the user afterwards. The interventions use methodologies that encourage the user to make a decision, as well as maintain the decision made and avoid relapse. Conclusion: this research contributes to health care teaching and assistance, through reflections on the identification of alcohol abuse and compiled on the application and impact of Brief Interventions. RESUMEN Objetivo: sintetizar las pruebas sobre los efectos de las intervenciones breves para reducir el consumo de alcohol entre los adultos. Método: estudio de revisión sistemática, protocolo registrado en el Registro Internacional Prospectivo de Revisiones Sistemáticas, número de registro CRD42020153034. La búsqueda se realizó en 2020, en bases de datos electrónicas y se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorios que evaluaron los efectos de las Intervenciones Breves en bebedores de alcohol adultos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 11 artículos. Todos los estudios realizaron, en los grupos de control y experimental, una prueba para identificar el patrón de consumo de alcohol, con una retroalimentación ofrecida al usuario después. Las intervenciones utilizan metodologías que incitan al usuario a tomar una decisión, así como a mantener la decisión tomada y evitar recaídas. Conclusión: esta investigación contribuye a la docencia y a la atención sanitaria, a través de reflexiones sobre la identificación del abuso de alcohol y recopiladas sobre la aplicación y el impacto de las Intervenciones Breves.

Objective To compare radiographic findings of patients who underwent laminoplasty and laminectomy with arthrodesis for spondylotic cervical myelopathy. Methods Who were submitted to laminectomy with arthrodesis or laminoplasty to treat cervical spondylotic myelopathy with minimum follow-up of 6 months. The radiographic parameters related to the cervical spine evaluated were C0C2 lordosis (C0C2), cervical lordosis (CL), T1 slope (T1S), thoracic inlet angle (TIA), neck tilt (NT), cervical sagittal vertical axis (CSVA), and T1S – CL mismatch (T1S-CL). Results We evaluated 34 patients, 23 (68%) of whom were men. The mean age was 65 years (SD ± 13). There was no statistical difference in any of the preoperative radiographic parameters. Considering the patients submitted to laminectomy alone, a significant difference was observed for C0C2 (P = 0.045), CSVA (P = 0.0008), with differences between IPO and POS times (P = 0.026) and between PRE and POS (P = 0.0013) and T1S – CL mismatch (P = 0.0004), with a difference between IPO and POS (P = 0.0076) and between PRE and POS (P=0.001). Considering the patients submitted to laminoplasty alone, there was no difference over time for any radiographic parameters considered. Comparing the radiographic parameters between the laminectomy and laminoplasty groups in the three time periods, there was no significant difference for any of them. Conclusion This study suggests that patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent laminectomy with instrumentation may present worse radiographic evolution as regards cervical sagittal alignment over time when compared to patients who underwent laminoplasty. Level of evidence III; Retrospective case series. RESUMO Objetivo Comparar os resultados radiográficos de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de laminoplastia e laminectomia e artrodese para o tratamento de mielopatia cervical espondilótica. Métodos Pacientes submetidos à laminectomia e artrodese ou laminoplastia para o tratamento de mielopatia cervical espondilótica com acompanhamento mínimo de seis meses. Os parâmetros radiográficos relacionados à coluna cervical avaliados foram: Lordose C0C2 (C0C2); Lordose cervical (LC); Inclinação de T1 (IT1); Ângulo de entrada do tórax (AET); Versão do pescoço (VP); Eixo sagital vertical cervical (ESVC); Diferença entre IT1 e LC (IT1-LC). Resultados Avaliaram-se 34 pacientes, sendo 23 (68%) homens. A idade média foi de 65 anos (DP: ±13). Não houve diferença estatística em nenhum dos parâmetros radiográficos pré-operatórios. Considerando isoladamente os pacientes submetidos à laminectomia, notou-se diferença significativa C0-C2 (P = 0,045), ESVC (P = 0,0008), sendo observada diferença entre os tempos POI e POS (P = 0,026) e entre PRE e POS (P = 0,0013) e diferença IT1 – LC (P = 0,0004) com diferença entre POI e POS (P = 0,0076) e entre PRE e POS (0,001). Considerando isoladamente os pacientes submetidos à laminoplastia, não houve diferença ao longo do tempo para nenhum dos parâmetros considerados. Comparando-se os parâmetros radiográficos entre os grupos laminectomia e laminoplastia nos três tempos, não houve diferença significativa para nenhum deles. Conclusões O estudo sugere que os pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical submetidos a laminectomia com instrumentação possam apresentar pior evolução radiográfica quanto ao alinhamento sagital cervical ao longo do tempo quando comparados aos pacientes submetidos a laminoplastia. Nível de evid ê ncia III; Série de casos retrospectiva. RESUMEN Objetivo Comparar los resultados radiográficos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de laminoplastia y laminectomía y artrodesis para el tratamiento de mielopatía cervical espondilótica. Métodos Pacientes sometidos a laminectomía y artrodesis o laminoplastia para el tratamiento de mielopatía cervical espondilótica con acompañamiento mínimo de 6 meses. Los parámetros radiográficos relacionados a la columna cervical evaluados fueron: Lordosis C0C2 (C0C2); Lordosis cervical (LC); Inclinación de T1 (IT1): Ángulo de entrada del tórax (AET), versión del cuello (VC); Eje sagital vertical cervical (ESVC); Diferencia entre IT1 y LC (IT1-LC). Resultados Se evaluaron 34 pacientes, siendo 23 hombres (68%). La edad promedio fue de 65 años (DP: ± 13). No hubo diferencia estadística en ninguno de los parámetros radiográficos preoperatorios. Considerando aisladamente a los pacientes sometidos a la laminectomía, se notó diferencia significativa C0-C2 (P = 0,045), ESVC (P = 0,0008), siendo observada diferencia entre los tiempos POI y POS (P = 0,026) y entre PRE y POS (P = 0,0013) y diferencia IT1 – LC (P = 0,0004) con diferencia entre POI y POS (P = 0,0076) y entre PRE y POS (0,001). Considerando aisladamente a los pacientes sometidos a laminoplastia, no hubo diferencia a lo largo del tiempo para ninguno de los parámetros radiográficos considerados. Comparándose con los parámetros radiográficos entre los grupos laminectomía y laminoplastia en los tres tiempos, no hubo diferencia significativa para ninguno de ellos. Conclusiones El estudio sugiere que los pacientes portadores de mielopatía cervical sometidos a laminectomía con instrumentación puedan presentar peor evolución radiográfica cuanto a la alineación sagital cervical a lo largo del tiempo cuando comparados a los pacientes sometidos a laminoplastia. Nivel de evidencia III; Serie de casos retrospectivos.

There is no universal postoperative classification of extracapsular hip fractures (ECFs). We wondered if infection (according to infection after fracture fixation criteria (IAFF)), immediate partial weight bearing (PWB) and/or the new GammaTScore tool could predict early cut-out. We also examined the correlation between GammaTScore and time to consolidation and studied long-term survival. This was a retrospective cohort study of low-energy complete ECFs operated with Gamma3T nailing in 2014 and fully monitoring, in patients aged over 65. Ten not distally locked cases, one late cut-out, one cut-through, one osteonecrosis and one pseudarthrosis were discarded. Patients were classified into early cut-out (7/204; 3.55%) and no early cut-out (197/204; 96.45%). There was a lower percentage of A2 fractures according to the AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification (AO/OTA, 1997) in early cut-out. IAFF and only the GammaTScore reduction parameter were different for early cut-out, in opposition to immediate PWB, tip-to-apex distance (TAD) or the Baumgaertner–Fogagnolo classification. GammaTScore inversely correlated with consolidation (p < 0.01). Long-term survival time was not statistically significantly lower in the early cut-out group. Small sample of cases may limit our results. Apart from an important role of IAFF, GammaTScore would be useful for predicting consolidation, avoiding complications and reducing costs. Further studies are needed for reliability.

Objetivo: caracterizar la enfermedad periapical posterior al tratamiento endodóntico primario realizado en una cohorte de individuos asistentes a las clínicas de la Especialidad en Endodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo en una muestra de 232 dientes con tratamiento endodóntico primario, procedentes de 155 individuos. Un análisis de frecuencia estimó la prevalencia entre la presencia de enfermedad periapical y las siguientes covariables: sexo, edad, tipo y localización del diente, diagnóstico previo, condiciones del tratamiento endodóntico, y tipo de restauración. Resultados: se registró un 24% de prevalencia de enfermedad periapical en la población observada. De este porcentaje, el 13,7% fue categorizado como EPE y el 10,3% fue categorizado como EPP. La distribución por sexo fue de 59% para mujeres y 41% para hombres, con promedio de edad de 55,8 años. La prevalencia de la enfermedad fue mayor en molares (44%) y el diagnóstico pulpar más frecuente fue necrosis pulpar (34%). El 20% de los tratamientos analizados presentó longitud de obturación corta y, de ellos, el 54,3% se asoció con aparición de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: la longitud de obturación corta resultó ser el factor que registró mayor relación clínica con la aparición de la enfermedad. Se reconoce a la EPE como el verdadero fracaso del tratamiento endodóntico primario.

Antecedentes: En la actualidad, existe un alto número de personas afectadas por infertilidad, siendo cada vez más necesarias las Técnicas de Reproducción Asistida (TRA). En general, la obesidad en relación con la morbilidad reproductiva está asociada al incremento del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Un aumento por encima de 25 kg/m2 se asocia con un aumento de los trastornos reproductivos. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la obesidad y los resultados de las TRA. Métodología: Se llevó a cabo un diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, mediante un análisis de datos secundarios del centro Ginemed Sevilla. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de mujeres sometidas a TRA de fecundación in vitro, entre 2015-2018. De un total de 5.651 historias, tras los criterios de inclusión, finalmente se seleccionaron 3.273. Se recogieron datos de filiación e inicio del tratamiento, datos antropométricos, consumo de alcohol y tabaco, antecedentes personales, enfermedades actuales, esterilidad primaria, esterilidad secundaria, así como los parámetros referentes a los resultados tras tratamiento de reproducción asistida. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el software SPSS-V25. Resultados: La edad media fue de 37 años (desviación típica 4,23), el IMC fue de 23,2. El 48,9% tenían baja reserva ovárica. El 22,3% de las mujeres consumían alcohol, de estas el 74,20% tenían normopeso y el 48,30% tenían baja reserva ovárica. El 17,8% eran fumadoras, de las cuales, el 72,5% tenían normopeso y el 48,8% tenían baja reserva ovárica. El 85% de las mujeres no padecían ninguna enfermedad actual de interés. Las enfermedades más prevalente fueron las endocrinológicas (7,30%) y las ginecológicas (6,10%). La tasa de fecundación fue mayor en el grupo obesidad (63,98%). Conclusiones: No se hallaron diferencias significativas en cuanto al consumo de alcohol y de tabaco en relación con el IMC, aunque hubo unos mínimos mejores resultados en mujeres no fumadoras. Se ha encontrado una mayor tasa de fecundación en el grupo de obesidad, aunque el tamaño de la muestra de este grupo ha sido muy inferior a la del grupo normopeso. Background: Nowadays, there is a large number of people affected with infertility and the assisted reproduction techniques are becoming increasingly needed (ART). In general, the relation between reproductive morbidity and obesity is related to an increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI). An increase above 25 kg/m2 is associated to a higher risk of reproductive disorders. Objective: To analyse the relation between obesity and the results of the ART. Methods: A non-experimental, transversal, descriptive and correlational design was performed, through an analysis of secondary data of Ginemed Sevilla center. Medical histories of women treated with in vitro fertilisation ART between 2015-2018 were analysed. 5.651 histories were considered, and 3.273 were selected after apply the inclusion criteria. The data gathered was affiliation details, treatment beginning date, anthropometrics, alcohol and tobacco consumption, personal background, current diseases, primary and secondary sterility and parameters related to ART treatment results. The statistical analysis was performed with the software SPSS-V25. Results: The average age was 37 years old (standard deviation 4.23), BMI was 23.24, 48.9% of the women had poor ovarian reserve. 22.3% of the women consumed alcohol, 74.20% of these women had a normal weight and 48.30% had poor ovarian reserve. 17.8% of the women were regular smokers, 72.5% of these women had normal weight and 48.8% had poor ovarian reserve. 85% of the women had no significant medical history. The most prevalent diseases were endocrine disease (7.30%) and gynaecological disease (6.10%). The fertility rates were higher in the obesity group. Conclusions: No significant differences were found on alcohol and tobacco consumption in relation to BMI. Minimal improvements were found in non-smoking women. A highest rate of fertilization was found in obesity group, although the sample obesity group size was less than the normal weight group size.

Objective: to analyze factors associated with unfavorable outcome of tuberculosis treatment in people deprived of liberty. Method: systematic review, carried out in March 2021 in seven databases, with no delimitation of period of publication. The selection process of publications and data extraction was carried out by two independent reviewers. Results: a total of 1,448 publications was identified and nine were included in the study. Unfavorable outcome was higher among those who were men; had low level of education; were living in a rural area before detention; had longer prison time; received occasional visits; had been transferred between prisons; with no sputum smear microscopy or with a positive result at the diagnosis; with no follow-up sputum smear microscopy, previous history of tuberculosis; having both clinical forms of the disease, HIV/AIDS; alcoholics; smokers; low body weight; and self-administered treatment. Treatment default was associated with young people and death with older people. Conclusion: prison health managers and professionals are expected to establish mechanisms of surveillance and health actions innovation aimed at the population deprived of liberty, making efforts to reduce the unfavorable outcomes of tuberculosis treatment. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados al resultado desfavorable del tratamiento de la tuberculosis en individuos privados de libertad. Método: revisión sistemática, realizada en marzo de 2021 en siete bases de datos, sin delimitar periodo de publicación. El proceso de selección de las publicaciones y extracción de los datos fue realizado por dos revisores independientes. Resultados: Se identificaron 1.448 publicaciones y nueve se incluyeron en el estudio. El resultado desfavorable se destacó entre sexo masculino, baja escolaridad, residentes en áreas rurales, mayor tiempo de cárcel, visitas ocasionales, transferencia entre prisiones, individuos sin baciloscopia o con resultado positivo en su diagnóstico, sin baciloscopia de acompañamiento, histórico anterior de tuberculosis, ambas las formas clínicas de la enfermedad, VIH/SIDA, alcoholismo, tabaquismo, bajo peso corporal y tratamiento auto administrado. El abandono del tratamiento tuvo relación entre individuos jóvenes y el óbito, a personas mayores. Conclusión: se espera que los gestores y los profesionales de salud carcelarios puedan establecer mecanismos de vigilancia e innovación de las acciones de salud a la población privada de libertad, con el reto de reducir los resultados desfavorables del tratamiento. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao desfecho desfavorável do tratamento da tuberculose em pessoas privadas de liberdade. Método: revisão sistemática, cuja busca foi realizada em março de 2021 em sete bases de dados, sem delimitação de período de publicação. O processo de seleção das publicações e extração de dados foi realizado por dois revisores independentes. Resultados: identificaram-se 1.448 publicações, das quais nove foram incluídas no estudo. Desfecho desfavorável foi maior entre sexo masculino, baixa escolaridade, residente em área rural antes da detenção, maior tempo de aprisionamento, visitas ocasionais, transferência entre unidades prisionais, indivíduos sem baciloscopia ou com resultado positivo no diagnóstico, sem baciloscopia de acompanhamento, história prévia de tuberculose, ter ambas as formas clínicas da doença, HIV/aids, alcoolismo, tabagismo, baixo peso corporal e tratamento autoadministrado. O abandono do tratamento esteve associado a pessoas jovens e o óbito, a pessoas mais velhas. Conclusão: espera-se que os gestores e profissionais de saúde prisionais possam estabelecer mecanismos de vigilância e inovação das ações de saúde voltadas à população privada de liberdade, envidando esforços para reduzir os desfechos desfavoráveis da tuberculose.

Objective: to evidence the clinical outcomes of navigation performed by nurses in cancer patients. Methods: this is an integrative literature review with collection in MEDLINE via PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. The final sample consisted of seven studies. The data were analyzed and presented descriptively. Data related to clinical outcomes were compiled and described in full. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality categorization was used to assess the level of evidence. Results: the clinical outcomes demonstrated were decreased distress, anxiety and depression, improved control and management of symptoms, improved physical conditioning, improved quality and continuity of care, improved quality of life, reduced time to start treatment. Final considerations: there is research that shows better clinical outcomes in cancer patients through navigation by nurses across the continuum of health care. RESUMEN Objetivo: destacar los resultados clínicos de la navegación realizada por enfermeras en pacientes oncológicos. Métodos: revisión integradora de la literatura, con recogida en las bases de datos MEDLINE vía PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus y CINAHL. La muestra final consistió en siete estudios. Los datos fueron analizados y presentados de forma descriptiva. Los datos relacionados con los resultados clínicos se recopilaron y describieron en su totalidad. Se utilizó la categorización de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality para evaluar el nivel de evidencia. Resultados: los resultados clínicos demostrados fueron disminución del sufrimiento, ansiedad y depresión, mejor control y manejo de los síntomas, mejor acondicionamiento físico, mejor calidad y continuidad de la atención, mejor calidad de vida, menor tiempo para iniciar el tratamiento. Consideraciones finales: existen estudios que muestran mejores resultados clínicos en pacientes con cáncer a través de la navegación por enfermeras a lo largo del continuo de la atención de salud RESUMO Objetivo: evidenciar os resultados clínicos da navegação realizada por enfermeiros no paciente com câncer. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, com coleta nas bases de dados MEDLINE via PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus e CINAHL. A amostra final foi composta por sete estudos. Os dados foram analisados e apresentados descritivamente. Dados relacionados aos resultados clínicos foram compilados e descritos na íntegra. Utilizou-se a categorização da Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality para avaliação do nível de evidência. Resultados: os resultados clínicos demonstrados foram diminuição do sofrimento, ansiedade e depressão, melhora no controle e manejo dos sintomas, melhora no condicionamento físico, melhora na qualidade e continuidade dos cuidados, melhora na qualidade de vida, redução do tempo para o início do tratamento. Considerações finais: hápesquisas que evidenciam melhores resultados clínicos no paciente com câncer por meio da realização da navegação pelo enfermeiro em todo o continuum de assistência à saúde.

Background Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Ronopterin was shown to improve clinical outcome by enhancing neuroprotection in a phase IIa trial. Methods/design The NOSTRA phase III trial (Ronopterin in traumatic brain injury) is a multi-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase III trial in Europe. It aims at determining whether the administration of Ronopterin compared to placebo improves neurological outcome in patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury at 6 months after injury. The trial is designed to recruit patients between 18 and 60 years of age with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score >= 3) and requiring insertion of an intracranial pressure probe. Trial patients will receive a 48-h intravenous infusion of either Ronopterin or placebo starting at the earliest 6 h and at the latest 18 h after injury. The primary outcome will be the extended Glasgow Outcome Score (eGOS) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes will include the Quality of Life Index (QOLIBRI) at 6 months after the injury and the eGOS at 3 months after the injury. Additionally, effects on mortality, intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure are evaluated. Discussion The trial aims to provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of Ronopterin in patients with traumatic brain injury., The study is completely funded by vasopharm GmbH. FT and RS as employees of vasopharm were involved in the design of the study.

Objective: To analyze the influence of multimorbidity on the treatment outcome of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: A population-based analytical study, using secondary data, collected from the database of the Notification Disease Information System, of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul between 2013 and 2016. The relationship between multimorbidity and the outcome was analyzed with Multinomial Logistic Regression. Results: Multimorbidity was present in 37.0% of the cases. Of these, the Relative Risk (RR) was 1.7 for treatment abandonment and 2.9 for death. HIV had an RR of 2.1 for dropout and of 3.9 for death. The higher the number of comorbidities, the higher the RR for unfavorable outcomes. Conclusion: Multimorbidity influences on unfavorable outcomes of the treatment for tuberculosis. RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de la multimorbilidad en el resultado del tratamiento de nuevos casos de tuberculosis pulmonar. Método: Estudio analítico de base poblacional, en el que utilizan datos secundarios, recopilados de la base de datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación, de nuevos casos de tuberculosis pulmonar en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul entre 2013 y 2016. La relación entre la multimorbilidad y el resultado se analizó con regresión logística multinominal. Resultados: Se registró multimorbilidad en el 37,0% de los casos. De estos, el riesgo relativo (RR) fue de 1,7 para el abandono del tratamiento y de 2,9 para la muerte. El VIH tuvo un RR de 2.1 para el abandono y de 3.9 para la muerte. A mayor cantidad de comorbilidades, mayor será el RR correspondiente a resultados desfavorables. Conclusión: La multimorbilidad influye en los resultados desfavorables del tratamiento de la tuberculosis. RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a influência da multimorbidade no desfecho do tratamento de casos novos de tuberculose pulmonar. Métodos: Estudo analítico de base populacional, utilizando dados secundários, coletados no banco do Sistema de informação de Agravos de Notificação, de casos novos de tuberculose pulmonar ocorridos no estado do Rio Grande do Sul entre os anos de 2013 e 2016. A relação entre a multimorbidade e o desfecho foi analisada com Regressão Logística Multinominal. Resultados: A multimorbidade esteve presente em 37,0% dos casos. Destes, o risco relativo (RR) foi de 1,7 para abandono do tratamento e 2,9 para o óbito. O HIV apresentou o RR de 2,1 para o abandono e de 3,9 para óbito. Quanto maior o número de comorbidades eleva-se o RR para os desfechos desfavoráveis. Conclusões: A multimorbidade influencia nos desfechos desfavoráveis do tratamento da tuberculose.

Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias sobre la eficacia de la práctica regular de ejercicio físico para retrasar la progresión de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Metodología: Revisión narrativa a través de la búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos como la Biblioteca Virtual Cochrane, PubMed, CINHAL, CUIDEN Y LILACS. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para perfeccionar la búsqueda y la selección de los artículos. Resultados: Se analizaron 20 artículos que destacaban que una terapia basada en ejercicio físico afecta positivamente a distintos aspectos de la vida del paciente, ya sea a nivel físico, mental o social. Se han comprobado los efectos beneficiosos que tiene la práctica de ejercicio aeróbico combinado con ejercicios de fuerza, equilibrio y movilidad, en la cognición global del paciente y síntomas psíquicos, en su habilidad para desempeñar las actividades cotidianas y en disminuir la carga del cuidador, todo ello relacionado a su vez con respetar las sesiones programadas estimulando la motivación de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Dada la alta incidencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, sería conveniente concienciar a los profesionales de la salud, en especial a las enfermeras, para introducir la práctica del ejercicio físico en el cuidado de estos pacientes, Objective: Analyze evidence about the efficacy of regular physical exercise to slower decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Method: Narrative review by a bibliographic research in different databases like Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINHAL, CUIDEN and LILACS. It applies inclusion and exclusion standards to improve the research and selection of articles. Results: 20 articles were selected for its analysis; they conclude a therapy based in physical exercise affects positively different areas of patient’s life, in physical, mental and social levels. It has proved the beneficial effects that exercise has. Aerobic exercise, strength, balance and mobility exercises have an impact on global cognition, psychical symptoms; ability to perform activities in daily basis activities and to decrease care burden. Everything is related to respect programmed sessions to stimulate the patient`s motivation. Conclusion: Due to high influence of Alzheimer’s disease, it would be advisable to raise awareness within the health professionals, especially nurses, in order to implement an exercise program for these patients

Background: A large number of low-intensity Internet-based interventions (IBIs) for the treatment of depression have emerged in Primary Care, most of them focused on decreasing negative emotions. However, recent studies have highlighted the importance of addressing positive affect (PA) as well. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial. We examine the role of an IBI focused on promoting PA in patients with depression in Primary Care (PC). The specific objectives were to explore the profile of the patients who benefit the most and to analyze the change mechanisms that predict a significantly greater improvement in positive functioning measures. Methods: 56 patients were included. Measures of depression, affect, well-being, health-related quality of life, and health status were administered. Results: Participants who benefited the most were those who had lower incomes and education levels and worse mental health scores and well-being at baseline (7.9%&ndash, 39.5% of explained variance). Improvements in depression severity and PA were significant predictors of long-term change in well-being, F (3,55) = 17.78, p &lt, 0.001, R2 = 47.8%. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of implementing IBIs in PC and the relevance of PA as a key target in Major Depressive Disorder treatment.

The HER2-enriched (HER2-E) subtype within HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is highly addicted to the HER2 pathway. However, similar to 20-60% of HER2+/HER2-E tumors do not achieve a complete response following anti-HER2 therapies. Here we evaluate gene expression data before, during and after neoadjuvant treatment with lapatinib and trastuzumab in HER2+/HER2-E tumors of the PAMELA trial and breast cancer cell lines. Our results reveal that dual HER2 blockade in HER2-E disease induces a low-proliferative Luminal A phenotype both in patient's tumors and in vitro models. These biological changes are more evident in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) disease compared to HR-negative disease. Interestingly, increasing the luminal phenotype with anti-HER2 therapy increased sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition. Finally, discontinuation of HER2-targeted therapy in vitro, or acquired resistance to anti-HER2 therapy, leads to restoration of the original HER2-E phenotype. Our findings support the use of maintenance anti-HER2 therapy and the therapeutic exploitation of subtype switching with CDK4/6 inhibition., This study was funded by the project P116/00904, integrated in the Plan Estatal I+D+I and co-funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III -Subdireccion General de Evaluacion and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (to A.P.), Pas a Pas (to A.P.), Save the Mama (to A.P.), Breast Cancer Now -2018NOVPCC1294 (to A.P.), and Fundacion Cientifica Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer -Ayuda Postdoctoral AECC 2017 (to F. B-M). We are indebted to the Biobank and the Cytometry and cell sorting core facilities of the Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) for their technical help.

Background: The use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in combination with bronchodilators in patients with COPD has been shown to decrease the rate of disease exacerbations and to improve the lung function and patients' quality of life. However, their use has also been associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. Materials and methods: We have reviewed existing clinical evidence on the risks and benefits of ICS in COPD, including large randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and clinical reviews. Results: A large body of evidence supports the clinical benefits of ICS in patients with COPD in terms of exacerbations, symptoms, lung function, and quality of life. The incidence of adverse events related to ICS, including pneumonia, varies strongly among the studies and seems to be dose dependent, with recent well-designed, large studies on low-dose ICS reporting similar safety profiles in ICS and non-ICS groups. Conclusion: The benefits of ICS in COPD continue to outweigh the risks, especially when lower ICS doses are employed. Given that the data on ICS withdrawal in COPD are scarce and conflicting, we argue that using reduced doses of ICS could be an optimal strategy to manage patients with COPD., Jose Luis Izquierdo reports speaker fees, travel grants, and advisory board fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Chiesi, Glaxo Smith Kline, Menarini, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, and Teva. Borja G. Cosio reports speaker fees, travel grants, and advisory board fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Chiesi, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis, Sanofi, and Teva.

Introduction Influenza A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a co-circulated in Europe in 2018/19. Immunological imprinting by first childhood influenza infection may induce future birth cohort differences in vaccine effectiveness (VE). Aim The I-MOVE multicentre primary care test-negative study assessed 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE by age and genetic subgroups to explore VE by birth cohort. Methods We measured VE against influenza A(H3N2) and (sub)clades. We stratified VE by usual age groups (0–14, 15–64, ≥ 65-years). To assess the imprint-regulated effect of vaccine (I-REV) hypothesis, we further stratified the middle-aged group, notably including 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) sharing potential childhood imprinting to serine at haemagglutinin position 159. Results Influenza A(H3N2) VE among all ages was −1% (95% confidence interval (CI): −24 to 18) and 46% (95% CI: 8–68), −26% (95% CI: −66 to 4) and 20% (95% CI: −20 to 46) among 0–14, 15–64 and ≥ 65-year-olds, respectively. Among 15–64-year-olds, VE against clades 3C.2a1b and 3C.3a was 15% (95% CI: −34 to 50) and −74% (95% CI: −259 to 16), respectively. VE was −18% (95% CI: −140 to 41), −53% (95% CI: −131 to −2) and −12% (95% CI: −74 to 28) among 15–31-year-olds (1987–2003), 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) and 55–64-year-olds (1954–63), respectively. Discussion The lowest 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE was against clade 3C.3a and among those born 1964–86, corresponding to the I-REV hypothesis. The low influenza A(H3N2) VE in 15–64-year-olds and the public health impact of the I-REV hypothesis warrant further study.

Objetivo Nuestro objetivo es dar a conocer nuestra experiencia con 20 pacientes con cálculos renales llevados a nefrolitotomía percutánea ambulatoria, basados en criterios estrictos preoperatorios e intraoperatorios; fortaleciendo las ventajas de nuestra técnica como los son el egreso temprano, bajos requerimientos de analgésicos postoperatorios, alta tasa libre de cálculos y una baja frecuencia de complicaciones. Métodos Se realiza una investigación en la literatura en las bases de búsqueda. Mediante la aplicación de criterios prequirúrgicos, intraoperatorios y postoperatorios se realiza la selección de 20 pacientes para ser llevados a la realización de nefrolitotomía percutánea entre noviembre de 2015 y mayo de 2016. Resultados Dentro de las características intraoperatorias se destacan el tiempo quirúrgico, el cual fue de 70 minutos y no se presentaron sangrados considerables que requirieran de transfusiones. No se presentaron complicaciones intraquirúrgicas. El egreso fue durante las 8 primeras horas del postoperatorio. Se realizó seguimiento de dolor; evidenciando a las 24 horas que el 100% de los pacientes presentaban dolor =/< 4 /10. El control imagenológico se realizó con uroTAC observando una tasa libre de cálculos menores de 2 mm del 90% y menores de 4mm en el 95%. Dentro de las complicaciones presentadas se encontraron 2 reingresos que se manejaron ambulatoriamente sin complicaciones. Conclusiones La NLP ambulatoria es una opción de tratamiento seguro, con excelente tasa de éxito. Herramientas prequirúrgicas como los nomogramas permiten evaluar las características del cálculo con el fin de ofrecer mejores tasas de éxito, procedimientos con menor tasa de complicaciones y seguros.

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de desarrollo y validación de un instrumento creado para la evaluación de los resultados de tratamiento en los trastornos por uso de sustancias. Materiales y métodos: Este fue llevado a cabo en tres fases. Fase 1: revisión de la literatura en las principales bases de datos de ciencias de la salud sobre escalas o instrumentos para evaluación de resultados de tratamiento en trastornos por uso de sustancias. Fase 2: desarrollo de un instrumentode novoy validación por expertos mediante técnica Delphi modificada a 2 fases. Fase 3: estudio de validación clínica en el que participaron 100 usuarios de una institución pública. Resultados: La escala de evaluación de tratamiento multimodal (EETM) obtuvo, luego de su análisis de contenido, unos resultados apropiados en términos de pertinencia y relevancia; adicionalmente mostró coeficientes de alpha de Cronbach entre 0,799 y 0,963 y similitudes entre los resultados del evaluador y el paciente. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la EETM demostró ser un instrumento válido para la evaluación de los resultados de tratamiento en instituciones con intervenciones integrales en los trastornos por uso de sustancias y durante el período de internamiento. Objective: to describe the process of development and validation of an instrument created for the evaluation of treatment results in disorders caused by substance use. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in three phases. Phase 1: review of the literature in the main health science databases about scales or instruments for evaluation of treatment results in disorders caused by substance use; Phase 2: de novo instrument development and validation by experts using a modified 2-phase Delphi technique; Phase 3: clinical validation study involving 100 users of a public institution. Results: The “Escala de evaluación de tratamiento multimodal” (EETM), after its content analysis, obtained appropriate results in terms of pertinence and relevance. Additionally, it showed Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients between 0.799 and 0.963 and similarities between the evaluator and the patient results. Conclusions: It was concluded that the EETM proved to be a valid instrument for the evaluation of treatment results in institutions with comprehensive interventions in disorders caused by substance use and during the admission period.

Objective: To evaluate radiographically the stability of the thoracolumbar junction comparing the two types of thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) most used in our environment, the Jewett and the Boston braces. Methods: After approval by the institutional review board, nine participants were submitted to X-rays in the profile view, with the beam focused on T12, in the orthostatic position, maximal flexion without brace and maximal flexion with the Jewett and the Boston braces. The Cobb angle of the thoracolumbar junction (T10-L2) was measured and the values compared using the student T test (p

BACKGROUND Flow-diverter technology has become an important stent-based embolization tool in the treatment of complex cerebrovascular pathology. We report here the experience of 4 Spanish centers with using the SILK flow-diverter (SFD) device. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of using the SFD in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with complex morphology. METHODS We retrospectively examined a prospectively maintained database of patients treated with SFD devices between July 2008 and December 2013 at 1 of 4 institutions in Spain. Data regarding patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, and technical procedure were analyzed. Angiographic and clinical findings were recorded during the procedure and at 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 175 SFD devices were implanted in 157 patients (women/men: 119/38; mean, median, and range of age: 56.2, 56.7, and 19-80 years, respectively), who were treated in a delayed manner (3-6 months from the event) for 180 aneurysms (165 unruptured and 15 ruptured). Adverse events (acute and delayed) were observed in 28.7% of cases (45/157), and most were resolved (19.1%; 30/157). Six months after the procedure, total morbidity and mortality were 9.6% (15/157) and 3.2% (5/157), respectively. Long-term imaging follow-up showed complete occlusion, neck remnants, and residual aneurysm in 78.1% (100/128), 14.0% (18/128), and 7.8% (10/128) of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SFD device is an effective tool for the treatment of challenging aneurysms, and allows complete occlusion within a year of the procedure in most patients, with morbidity and mortality comparable to those previously reported for similar devices.

Objective: To analyze the HIV care continuum from the diagnosis in an HIV/AIDS Counseling and Testing Center (CTC), and the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics related to gender. Method: Epidemiological study, conducted with data of individuals assisted at a Counseling and Testing Center, and followed in an outpatient clinic for HIV/AIDS. Pearson’s Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to obtain odds ratios, considering alpha value

Introduction Previous studies have reported that the rate of FEV1 decline over time is increased in HIV patients but the mechanisms underlying this observation are unclear. Since current HIV treatment with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) results in very good immuneviral control, we hypothesized that HAART should normalize the elevated rate of FEV1 decline previously reported in HIV patients if it was somehow related to the immune alterations caused by HIV, particularly in never smokers or quitters, since smoking is a well established risk factor for accelerated FEV1 decline in the general population. Methods We explored this hypothesis in a prospectively recruited cohort of 188 HIV (smoker and non-smoker) patients treated with HAART in Palma de Mallorca (Spain) and followed-up for 6 years. The cross-sectional characteristics of this cohort have been published elsewhere. Results We found that: (1) HAART resulted in good immune-viral control; (2) the rate of FEV1 decline remained abnormally elevated, even in non-smokers and quitters; and, (3) alcohol abuse during follow-up was related to FEV1 decline in these patients. Discussion Despite adequate immune-viral control by HAART, lung function decline remains increased in most HIV patients, even in non-smokers and quitters. Alcohol abuse is a preventable risk factor to decrease the accelerated FEV1 decline in this population., This work was financed through ABAMI (Balearic Association of Infectious Diseases).The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Background; Previous observational studies and clinical trials have shown that cholinesterase inhibitors (with or without memantine) provide benefit for patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. However, the impact of treatment continuation after progression to severe disease is unknown. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect and safety of continuing treatment with ChEIs (with or without memantine) for patients with severe dementia. Methods: This randomized, pragmatic, open-label clinical trial with blinded evaluators will evaluate the efficacy of continuing drug treatment in patients with advanced dementia. A total of 302 community-dwelling patients with severe dementia, Alzheimer's disease, with or without a coexisting diagnosis of vascular dementia, and a score of 10 or less on the Mini-Mental State Examination who received previous treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor (with or without memantine) for at least 3 months, will be randomized to continue or discontinue drug treatment. Follow-up will be 12months or until the primary endpoint is achieved. The primary endpoint is entry into institutional care and progression of disability, defined as a loss of 2 of 4 basic functions, or 6 of 11 instrumental functions, according to the Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale at 12months. The secondary outcomes are patient changes in functional and cognitive state, quality of life, and caregiver burden. Discussion: We expect that the results of our study will allow to identify if there is clinical relevant impact for patients and caregivers between maintaining or halting pharmacological treatment., This study was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Carlos III Institute (grant PI16/00720). Gerencia de Atencion Primaria of Mallorca is the sponsor of the study. Support was also provided by the Health Promotion and Preventive Activities-Primary Health Care Network, sustained by a Ministry of Health ISCIII-RETIC award (RD12/0005/0011) and co-financed with European Union ERDF funds. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

El tratamiento de las metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal ha ido cambiando en estos últimos 20 años. En la actualidad la cirugía constituye un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento de estos enfermos. La sobrevida de los pacientes pasibles de una resección completa del tumor puede ascender a 40% en cinco años. Estos resultados oncológicos tan alentadores han llevado a los equipos quirúrgicos a esforzarse por lograr resecciones hepáticas extremas contraindicadas en tiempos anteriores. Es, en esta línea de trabajo, que se desarrolló la cirugía de remodelación hepática que consiste en alterar el flujo portal buscando una hipertrofia del hígado sano y atrofia del enfermo. El siguiente caso pretende mostrar una de las dos cirugías de remodelación más utilizadas en el mundo, que es la hepatectomía en dos tiempos con oclusión del flujo portal. Se discute su indicación, la oportunidad de las cirugías, el beneficio oncológico y la viabilidad de su realización en nuestro medio.

RESUMEN Fundamentos: La vacunación anual contra la gripe es la medida más efectiva para prevenir la enfermedad y sus complicaciones. La efectividad vacunal (EV) varía de una temporada a otra, lo que obliga a reevaluarla anualmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la efectividad preliminar de la vacuna de la gripe hasta la semana epidemiológica 4 de la temporada 2018/2019, en pacientes ingresados en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles test negativos en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Se consideró caso a los pacientes ingresados con gripe confirmada por laboratorio (RT-PCR positiva para cualquier virus influenza, en muestra clínica de aspirado nasofaríngeo) y como controles a aquellos con sospecha clínica de gripe y RT-PCR negativa, desde la semana 40 hasta la 4 de la temporada de gripe 2018/2019. Se calculó la cobertura de vacunación en los casos y en los controles, y la EV con su intervalo de confianza al 95% mediante la fórmula: EV= (1-Odds Ratio) x 100. Resultados: Se incluyeron 524 pacientes: 58 casos y 466 controles. La EV global para la prevención de casos de gripe fue del 42,5 % (IC 95%: -17,1 a 71,8) y para mayores de 1 año de 63,7 % (IC 95%: 25,4 a 82,3). Conclusiones: La vacuna de la gripe 2018-19 es efectiva para prevenir los casos de gripe en pacientes ingresados hasta la semana 4 de la temporada 2018-2019. Los resultados son preliminares y podrían variar, por lo que deberán reevaluarse al final de la temporada.

Introducción. La cirugía ortognática es el pilar fundamental del tratamiento de las deformidades dentofaciales, que ejercen un gran impacto tanto psicológico como social en la vida del paciente. En los últimos años, la satisfacción del paciente y el impacto en su calidad de vida comienzan a consolidarse como parámetros clínicos de importancia creciente. Hipótesis y Objetivos. El objetivo de este proyecto es analizar el impacto de las deformidades dentofaciales y de la cirugía ortognática en la calidad de vida en un grupo de pacientes con un seguimiento máximo de 10 años, previo proceso reglado de validación al idioma castellano del cuestionario OQLQ. Métodos. Se lleva a cabo la validación del cuestionario OQLQ al idioma castellano mediante la metodología de traducción y retro-traducción, equivalencia conceptual y pilotaje. La versión en castellano se aplica mediante un estudio de corte transversal en una muestra total de 90 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía ortognática con un seguimiento máximo de 10 años, con el estudio de variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y quirúrgicas. Resultados La versión adaptada y validada muestra unas adecuadas propiedades métricas de fiabilidad, sensibilidad al cambio y validez. En este trabajo se evidencia un impacto positivo de la cirugía ortognática en la calidad de vida específica que se manifiesta en el 87% de los pacientes, con una mejora media del 55% con respecto a la puntuación inicial. Esta mejoría fue significativamente mayor en mujeres y casos de deformidad dentofacial clase III. La calidad del sueño, la estética nasal y la sintomatología de ATM se relacionaron significativamente con la calidad de vida y la mejora de la misma. Conclusiones. Las deformidades dentofaciales ejercen un gran impacto negativo en vida de los pacientes, siendo la cirugía ortognática una herramienta terapéutica de gran valor en la mejora de la calidad de vida. Introduction. Orthognathic surgery is the cornerstone of the treatment of dentofacial deformities, which exert a great psychological and social impact on the patient's life. In recent years, patient satisfaction and the impact on their quality of life have begun to consolidate as clinical parameters of growing importance. Hypothesis and objectives. The objective of this project is to analyze the impact of dentofacial deformities and orthognathic surgery on the quality of life in a group of patients with a maximum follow-up of 10 years, after a formal process of validation of the OQLQ questionnaire in Spanish language. Methods. Validation of the OQLQ questionnaire to the Spanish language is carried out through the methodology of translation and retro-translation, conceptual equivalence and piloting. The Spanish version is applied through a cross-sectional study in a total sample of 90 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery with a maximum follow-up of 10 years, with the study of epidemiological, clinical and surgical variables. Results. The adapted and validated version shows adequate metric properties of reliability, change sensitivity and validity. In this study, a positive impact of orthognathic surgery on the specific quality of life is evident in 87% of patients, with an average improvement of 55% with respect to the initial score. This improvement was significantly greater in women and cases of dentofacial deformity class III. Sleep quality, nasal aesthetics and TMJ symptomatology were significantly related to quality of life and improvement of it. Conclusions. Dentofacial deformities have a great negative impact on patients' lives, with orthognathic surgery being a therapeutic tool of great value in improving the quality of life in social, functional and aesthetic terms.

[Background]: The pandemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires the identification of new predictor biomarkers. Biomarkers potentially modifiable with lifestyle changes deserve a special interest. Our aims were to analyze: (a) The associations of lysine, 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) or pipecolic acid with the risk of T2D or CVD in the PREDIMED trial; (b) the effect of the dietary intervention on 1-year changes in these metabolites, and (c) whether the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interventions can modify the effects of these metabolites on CVD or T2D risk. [Methods]: Two unstratified case-cohort studies nested within the PREDIMED trial were used. For CVD analyses, we selected 696 non-cases and 221 incident CVD cases; for T2D, we included 610 non-cases and 243 type 2 diabetes incident cases. Metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, at baseline and after 1-year of intervention. [Results]: In weighted Cox regression models, we found that baseline lysine (HR+1 SD increase = 1.26; 95% CI 1.06-1.51) and 2-AAA (HR+1 SD increase = 1.28; 95% CI 1.05-1.55) were both associated with a higher risk of T2D, but not with CVD. A significant interaction (p = 0.032) between baseline lysine and T2D on the risk of CVD was observed: subjects with prevalent T2D and high levels of lysine exhibited the highest risk of CVD. The intervention with MedDiet did not have a significant effect on 1-year changes of the metabolites. [Conclusions]: Our results provide an independent prospective replication of the association of 2-AAA with future risk of T2D. We show an association of lysine with subsequent CVD risk, which is apparently diabetes-dependent. No evidence of effects of MedDiet intervention on lysine, 2-AAA or pipecolic acid changes was found. Trial registration ISRCTN35739639; registration date: 05/10/2005; recruitment start date 01/10/2003., This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health HL118264, R01DK102896 and 2R01HL118264; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain: RD06/0045, RTIC G03/140, and CIBERobn (CB06/03).

[Aim] We describe the effectiveness and safety of the interferon-free regimen ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir with or without ribavirin (OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV) in a nationwide representative sample of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected and human immunodeficiency virus-1/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfected population in Spain., [Material and methods] Data were collected from patients infected with HCV genotypes 1 or 4, with or without HIV-1 coinfection, treated with OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV at 61 Spanish sites within the initial implementation year of the first government-driven “National HCV plan.” Effectiveness was assessed by sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12) and compared between monoinfected and coinfected patients using a non-inferiority margin of 5% and a 90% confidence interval (CI). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics or patients and adverse events (AEs) were also recorded., [Results] Overall, 2,408 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis: 386 (16%) were patients with HIV/HCV. Patient selection reflected the real distribution of patients treated in each participating region in Spain. From the total population, 96.6% (95% CI, 95.8–97.3%) achieved SVR12. Noninferiority of SVR12 in coinfected patients was met, with a difference between monoinfected and coinfected patients of −2.2% (90% CI, −4.5% - 0.2%). Only genotype 4 was associated with non-response to OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV treatment (p, [Conclusions] Our results confirm that OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV is effective and generally well tolerated in a representative sample of the HCV monoinfected and HCV/HIV coinfected population in Spain within the experience of a national strategic plan to tackle HCV., The design, study conduct, and financial support for the study were provided by AbbVie (https://www.abbvie.com/).

Introduction. Infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 may produce a severe inflammatory response, sepsis, respiratory failure, organ dysfunction, and death. From a pathophysiological point of view, it is plausible that glucocorticoids could be a reasonable therapeutic option for Covid-19. However, the evidence supporting the benefit of corticosteroids on mortality and other clinical outcomes is not conclusive. Objective: determinate if there exist evidence supporting corticosteroids therapy in patients with severe Covid-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Material and method: This study was performed in concordance with PRISMA guidelines. According to the PICO strategy, Population were patients with severe Covid-19 and/or ARDS; Intervention, parenteral corticosteroid administration; Comparator, patients with severe Covid-19 and/or ARDS with standard treatment (without corticosteroids); and Outcome, mortality and other clinical outcomes. Search strategy was performed in the data bases PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and LILACS, using terms related with the PICO question; from January 1 to august 31 (2020). A total of 287 articles were initially retrieved. Of these, we finally selected only 9 article which fulfilled with PICO and selection criteria. Results: According to our study, parenteral corticosteroids reduce mortality in patients with Severe Covid-19 and/or ARDS [OR 0.83 (IC 95% 0.63-1.08)]. Conclusion: the systematic review shows that parenteral corticosteroids could reduce the mortality of patients with severe Covid-19 and ARDS. Introducción. La infección causada por el SARS-CoV-2 puede producir un cuadro inflamatorio severo, sepsis, falla respiratoria, disfunción orgánica, y muerte. Es plausible fisiopatológicamente, que los corticoides sean una opción terapéutica razonable para Covid-19. Sin embargo, la evidencia del efecto benéfico de los corticoides sobre la mortalidad no es categórica. Objetivo: determinar si existe evidencia que avale el uso de corticoides parenterales en Covid-19 grave y Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo (SDRA). Material y método: Este estudio se desarrolló en concordancia con la guía PRIMA. Según la estrategia PICO, nuestra Población fueron los pacientes con Covid-19 grave y/o SRDA; la Intervención, el uso de corticoides parenterales; el Comparador, los pacientes con Covid-19 severo con tratamiento estándar (sin corticoides); y el Outcome, la mortalidad y otros resultados clínicos. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Embase, y LILACS usando los términos relacionados con nuestra pregunta PICO, entre el de 01 enero al 31 de agosto del 2020. Se logró recopilar un total de 287 artículos, de los que finalmente se seleccionaron 9 que cumplieron con los criterios PICO y de selección. Resultados: Según nuestro estudio, los corticoides parenterales reducen la mortalidad en pacientes con Covid-19 severo y SRDA [OR 0.83 (IC 95% 0.63-1.08)]. Conclusión: la revisión sistemática muestra que los corticoides parenterales podrían disminuir la mortalidad de pacientes con Covid-19 severo y ARDS.

To identify clinical and demographic factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in patients with primary and acquired multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Rio de Janeiro State.Retrospective cohort study using data on 2 269 MDR-TB cases in 2000-2016. Factors associated with unsuccessful, loss to follow-up, and death outcomes in patients with primary and acquired resistance were investigated with bivariate and multivariate regression.Primary resistance was 14.7% among MDR-TB cases. The unfavorable outcomes proportion was 30.3% in the primary resistance group and 46.7% in the acquired resistance group. There were significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Proportionally, the group with primary resistance had more cases among women (46.4% vs. 33.5% in the acquired resistance group), Caucasians (47.3% and 34%), and those with ≥8 years of schooling (37.7% and 27.4%). Extensively drug-resistant TB patients had 12.2-fold higher odds of unsuccessful outcome than MDR-TB patients, and comorbidities had 2-fold higher odds in the primary resistance group. Extensively drug-resistant TB had 5.43-fold higher odds in the acquired MDR-TB group. Bilateral disease and8 years of schooling were associated with unsuccessful outcome in both groups. Being an inmate had 8-fold higher odds of loss to follow-up in the primary resistance group. Culture conversion by the sixth month was a protective factor for all outcomes.Primary resistance cases of MDR-TB constitute a different transmission reservoir, which is related to other chronic diseases associated with higher acquisition of TB. The poor results observed in Rio de Janeiro State can contribute to increasing the transmission of primary MDR-TB, thus favoring drug resistance.Determinar cuáles son los factores clínicos o demográficos asociados con resultados desfavorables del tratamiento en pacientes con tuberculosis multirresistente (TB-MDR) primaria o adquirida en el estado de Rio de Janeiro.Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte con datos de 2 269 casos de TB-MDR entre el 2000 y el 2016. Se analizaron los factores asociados con resultados desfavorables, pacientes perdidos en el seguimiento o muerte en pacientes con resistencia primaria o adquirida mediante modelos de regresión bifactorial y multifactorial.En los casos de TB-MDR, la resistencia primaria fue de 14,7%. La proporción de resultados desfavorables fue de 30,3% en el grupo con resistencia primaria y de 46,7% en el grupo con resistencia adquirida. Las diferencias en las características demográficas y clínicas de los dos grupos fueron significativas. Proporcionalmente, el grupo con resistencia primaria tuvo más casos en las mujeres (46,4% frente a 33,5% en el grupo con resistencia adquirida), las personas caucásicas (47,3% frente a 34%) y en aquellas personas con 8 o más años de escolarización (37,7% frente a 27,4%). Los pacientes con tuberculosis extensamente resistente tenían 12,2 veces más probabilidades de tener un resultado desfavorable que los pacientes con TB-MDR. La comorbilidad fue 2 veces mayor en el grupo con resistencia primaria. El grupo con TB-MDR adquirida tenía 5,43 veces más probabilidades de tener tuberculosis extremadamente resistente. En ambos grupos, se asoció la enfermedad bilateral y menos de 8 años de escolarización con resultados desfavorables. En el grupo con resistencia primaria, las probabilidades de perder al paciente en el seguimiento fueron 8 veces mayores en los presidiarios. La conversión del cultivo a los seis meses fue un factor protector en todos los resultados.Los casos de resistencia primaria de TB-MDR constituyen un reservorio de transmisión diferente, que está relacionado con otras enfermedades crónicas asociadas con una mayor adquisición de tuberculosis. Los resultados insatisfactorios observados en el estado de Rio de Janeiro pueden contribuir a aumentar la transmisión de la TB-MDR primaria, y por lo tanto favorecer la farmacorresistencia.Identificar fatores demográficos e clínicos associados a desfechos desfavoráveis do tratamento em pacientes com tuberculose multirresistente primária e adquirida no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.Estudo de coorte retrospectivo baseado em dados de 2.269 casos de tuberculose multirresistente no período 2000–2016. Fatores associados aos desfechos de falha terapêutica, perda de seguimento e óbito em pacientes com resistência primária e adquirida foram analisados em modelos de regressão bivariada e multivariada.Observou-se resistência primária em 14,7% dos casos de tuberculose multirresistente. Desfechos desfavoráveis ocorreram em 30,3% no grupo com resistência primária e 46,7% no grupo com resistência adquirida. Verificaram-se diferenças significativas quanto às características demográficas e clínicas entre os dois grupos. Proporcionalmente, o grupo com resistência primária apresentou mais casos em pacientes do sexo feminino (46,4% vs. 33,5% no grupo de resistência adquirida), caucasianos (47,3% vs. 34%) e com escolaridade ≥8 anos (37,7% vs. 27,4%). A tuberculose extensivamente resistente foi associada a uma chance 12,2 vezes maior de falha terapêutica que a tuberculose multirresistente e a chance de presença de comorbidades foi 2 vezes maior no grupo com resistência primária. A chance de ocorrência de tuberculose extensivamente resistente foi 5,43 maior no grupo com tuberculose multirresistente adquirida. Doença bilateral e escolaridade8 anos foram associados à falha terapêutica em ambos os grupos. Estar encarcerado foi associado a uma chance 8 vezes maior de perda de seguimento no grupo com resistência primária. A conversão da cultura após seis meses de tratamento foi um fator de proteção para todos os desfechos.Os casos de tuberculose multirresistente com resistência primária constituem um reservatório de transmissão distinto que está relacionado a outras doenças crônicas associadas a uma taxa maior de tuberculose. Os resultados ruins observados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro podem contribuir para aumentar a transmissão da tuberculose multirresistente primária, favorecendo a resistência aos medicamentos.

Introducción: Los programas de rehabilitación pulmonar deben incluir actividades educativas encaminadas a que el paciente conozca la enfermedad y reciba el adiestramiento que le permita abordar adecuadamente su tratamiento. Objetivo: Analizar la adherencia y la técnica inhalatoria en pacientes remitidos al programa de rehabilitación pulmonar de la Fundación Neumológica Colombiana y evaluar los cambios que se presentaron en éstas al finalizar el programa ambulatorio. Metodología: Estudio no experimental preprueba postprueba en pacientes mayores de 18 años. Se calificó la técnica inhalatoria utilizando la escala EDEN y la adherencia utilizando preguntas adaptadas de la escala de adherencia a la medicación de Morisky. Resultados: Se analizaron 320 pacientes; el porcentaje de pacientes que utilizaba correctamente los dispositivos inhalados al iniciar el programa de rehabilitación osciló entre 9% y19%; el error más común en todos los dispositivos fue no expulsar el aire antes de iniciar la inhalación. Después del programa de rehabilitación el porcentaje de pacientes que empleaban una técnica inhalatoria correcta fue en promedio 61% para inhaladores de dosis medida y 83% para dispositivos de polvo seco. La adherencia a los inhaladores antes del programa fue 58%, siendo descuido y olvido las principales razones que explican la no adherencia. Al finalizar el programa 86% de los pacientes eran adherentes. Conclusiones: Un porcentaje bajo de pacientes remitidos al programa de rehabilitación pulmonar aplicaba correctamente la técnica inhalatoria, la instrucción educativa dentro de un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar mejoró la técnica y la adherencia a los inhaladores en un porcentaje importante de pacientes. Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation programs must include educational activities focused on the acquisition of necessary knowledge and skills to control the disease and approach treatment appropriately. Objective: To analyze treatment adherence and inhalation technique in patients referred to pulmonary rehabilitation program of Fundación Neumológica Colombiana and evaluate changes in them at the end of the outpatient program. Methodology: Pretest - posttest design in patients older than 18 years. The inhalation technique was assessed using the EDEN scale, and adherence was scored with modified questions from the Morisky medication adherence scale. Results: We analyzed 320 patients. The percentage of patients who used inhalers correctly before starting the rehabilitation program ranged between 9% and 19%; the most common mistake was not exhale the air before starting inhalation. Upon completion of the program the percentage of patients performing a correct inhalation technique ranged between 61% for metered dose inhalers to 83% for dry powder inhalers. Adherence to inhalers before the program was 58%, with neglect and forget being the main reasons encountered. It improved in 86% of evaluated patients. Conclusion: A small percentage of patients referred to pulmonary rehabilitation program applied the inhalation technique correctly; educational instruction in a pulmonary rehabilitation program improved the technique and adherence to inhalers in a significant percentage of patients.

The therapeutic landscape for advanced melanoma has recently been transformed by several novel agents (immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular-targeted agents). The prospective, multi-site, observational study IMAGE (ipilimumab: management of advanced melanoma in real practice) included a retrospective cohort to describe real-world treatment prior to approval of the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab. This retrospective cohort of patients, who started second-line/subsequent treatment (index therapy) for advanced melanoma within 3 years before ipilimumab approval, was selected randomly by chart review. Collected data included treatment history, patient outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization. All patients had >= 1 year of follow-up data. This analysis included 177 patients from Europe (69%) and North America (31%). The most common index therapies (used alone or in combination) were fotemustine (23%), dacarbazine (21%), temozolomide (14%), and platinum-based chemotherapy (14%). Most patients (89%) discontinued index treatment during the study period; the most common reason was disease progression (59%). Among patients with tumor assessment (153/177; 86%), 2% had complete response, 5% had partial response, and 12% had stable disease on last tumor assessment. At 1-year study follow-up, median progression-free survival was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-2.9) and median overall survival was 8.8 months (95% CI, 6.5-9.7). During follow-up, 95% of the patients had healthcare visits for advanced melanoma, 74% of whom were hospitalized or admitted to a hospice facility. These results provide insights into patient care with advanced melanoma in the era before ipilimumab and may serve as a benchmark for new agents in future real-world studies., This study was funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Objective Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) has demonstrated its efficacy in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, patients with STEMI >= 75 years receive less P-PCI than younger patients despite their higher in-hospital morbimortality. The objective of this analysis was to determine the effectiveness of P-PCI in patients with STEMI >= 75 years. Methods We included 979 patients with STEMI >= 75 years, from the ATencion HOspitalaria del Sindrome coronario study, a registry of 8142 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted at 31 Spanish hospitals in 2014-2016. We calculated a propensity score (PS) for the indication of P-PCI. Patients that received or not P-PCI were matched by PS. Using logistic regression, we compared the effectiveness of performing P-PCI versus non-performance for the composite primary event, which included death, reinfarction, acute pulmonary oedema or cardiogenic shock during hospitalisation. Results Of the included patients, 81.5 % received P-PCI. The matching provided two groups of 169 patients with and without P-PCI. Compared with its non-performance, P-PCI presented a composite event OR adjusted by PS of 0.55 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.89). Conclusions Receiving a P-PCI was significantly associated with a reduced risk of major intrahospital complications in patients with STEMI aged 75 years or older., Supported by: MARATO TV3 (081630), de AGAUR (2014SGR240); del Instituto de Salud Carlos III: Red de Investigacion Cardiovascular RD12/0042 (Programa HERACLES); Red RedIAPP RD06/0018; CP12/03287; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica; CIBERCV de enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (European Regional Development Funds - ERDF-); FIS CP12/03287, FIS 14/00449, FIS PI081327, FIS INTRASALUD PI1101801.

Background. Uric acid (UA) renal lithiasis has a high rate of recurrence and a prevalence ranging from 10% and 15%, depending on the population. The most important etiological factor is persistence of urinary pH below 5.5 and one of the most common treatments is alkalization with citrate. Recent studies demonstrated that theobromine, which is abundant in chocolate and cocoa, is a potent inhibitor of UA crystallization. Aim. The aim was to compare the efficacy of citrate versus citrate + theobromine as treatment for UA lithiasis. Methods. This randomized cross-over trial investigated the efficacy of two treatments in 47 patients with UA renal lithiasis. Urine volume, pH, UA excretion, theobromine excretion, and risk of UA crystallization (RUAC) at baseline and at the end of each intervention period were measured. Results. Each treatment significantly reduced the risk of UA crystallization compared to basal values. The RUAC after citrate + theobromine was lower than the RUAC after citrate, although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. The combined consumption of citrate and theobromine may be a promising strategy for the prevention of UA kidney stones.

[Background] Patients with severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma could qualify for different biologic therapies., [Objective] To evaluate the efficacy and safety of weight-based intravenous reslizumab dosing in patients who have previously failed therapy with omalizumab., [Methods] We carried out a 24-week prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-group, self-controlled study in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma who had previously failed to respond to omalizumab. The main objective was to determine whether treatment with reslizumab significantly improved asthma symptoms assessed by the Asthma Control Test (ACT) at week 24. Secondary objectives were to evaluate symptoms at weeks 4 and 12, change in FEV1 at week 24, and the incidence of severe exacerbations over the study period., [Results] Twenty-nine patients (62.1% women, median age, 50.8 years) were included in the study. The median ACT score significantly increased from 13.0 (interquartile range, 8.0-18.0) at baseline to 21.0 (interquartile range, 14.0-24.0) at 24 weeks (P = .002). Only 2 of 29 patients developed at least 1 severe exacerbation during follow-up and none of them required hospitalization. Overall, 15 of 25 patients (60%) were considered as being controlled (ACT score of ≥20 and no exacerbations) at week 24. The percentage of patients who were receiving daily systemic corticosteroids significantly decreased from 72.4% to 52.0% (P = .019). Adverse events were mostly moderate and within the range of previously reported side effects with reslizumab., [Conclusion] Reslizumab is an effective and safe option for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and a history of omalizumab failure.

To estimate the tuberculosis (TB) burden in children under 15 years of age and to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and the results of the anti-tuberculosis treatment in Ecuador.A retrospective study was carried out using data from the national TB programm for 2015 and 2016. The rate and percentage of cases of childhood TB were estimated and the disease characteristics and treatment outcome were described according to age categories: 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 years.Of the 10 991 cases of TB diagnosed, 223 (2.03%) were under 15 years of age; depending on the region, this burden ranged from 0 to 5.5%. Of the 223 cases, 213 had their treatment outcome registered and were included in the study; 78 (37%) were younger than 5 years and 147 (69%) had no record of contact screening. Sixty-five (68%) of the adolescents and 40 (51%) of the children under 5 had a diagnosis of pulmonary TB. HIV prevalence was 11.5% in children under 5 and 6.3% in the 10-14 age group. Treatment was succesful in 93% of cases (cure, 36.6%, treatment completed, 56.8%).Ecuador presents a high percentage of under-diagnosis of childhood TB and a lower than expected burden, mainly in children under 5 years of age. The high prevalence of HIV and the lack of adequate systematization of adolescent contact screening suggest the need to consider family-centered strategies that involve training health personnel in the management of pediatric patients, with a focus on the specific needs of each population.Estimar a carga de tuberculose (TB) em crianças menores de 15 anos e descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas e os resultados do tratamento antituberculose no Equador.Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo utilizando dados do programa nacional de TB para os anos de 2015 e 2016. A taxa e a porcentagem de casos de tuberculose infantil foram estimadas. As características da doença e o resultado do tratamento foram descritos de acordo com as categorias de idade: 0 a 4 anos, 5 a 9 anos e 10 a 14 anos.Dos 10 991 casos de TB diagnosticados, 223 (2,03%) tinham menos de 15 anos. A carga de TB variou de 0 a 5,5%, dependendo da região do país. Em 213 dos 223 casos, o resultado do tratamento havia sido registrado, possibilitando a inclusão no estudo. Desses, 78 (37%) tinham menos de 5 anos; em 147 (69%) não havia registro da investigação de contato. Sessenta e cinco (68%) dos adolescentes e 40 (51%) dos menores de 5 anos foram diagnosticados com TB pulmonar. A prevalência de HIV foi de 11,5% em crianças menores de 5 anos e de 6,3% no grupo de 10 a 14 anos. O tratamento foi satisfatório em 93% dos casos (cura, 36,6%; tratamento concluído, 56,8%).O Equador tem uma elevada porcentagem de subdiagnóstico de TB infantil e a carga da doença ficou abaixo do esperado, principalmente em crianças menores de 5 anos. A alta prevalência do HIV e a falta de sistematização da pesquisa de contatos em adolescentes revelam a necessidade de considerar estratégias centradas na família, que envolvam o treinamento de profissionais de saúde no manejo do paciente pediátrico, com foco nas necessidades específicas de cada população.

Background: Adjustment Disorder (AjD) is a common and disabling mental health problem. The lack of research on this disorder has led to the absence of evidence-based interventions for its treatment Moreover, because the available data indicate that a high percentage of people with mental illness are not treated, it is necessary to develop new ways to provide psychological assistance. The present study describes a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) aimed at assessing the effectiveness and acceptance of a linear internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) intervention for AjD. Methods: A two-armed RCT was designed to compare an intervention group to a waiting list control group. Participants from the intervention group will receive TAO, an internet-based program for AjD composed of seven modules. TAO combines CBT and Positive Psychology strategies in order to provide patients with complete support reducing their clinical symptoms and enhancing their capacity to overcome everyday adversity. Participants will also receive short weekly telephone support. Participants in the control group will be assessed before and after a seven-week waiting period, and then they will be offered the same intervention. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the 2 groups. Measurements will be taken at five different moments: baseline, post-intervention, and three follow-up periods (3-, 6- and 12-month). BDI-II and BAI will be used as primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes will be symptoms of AjD, posttraumatic growth, positive and negative affect, and quality of life. Discussion: The development of ICBT programs like TAO responds to a need for evidence-based interventions that can reach most of the people who need them, reducing the burden and cost of mental disorders. More specifically, TAO targets AjD and will entail a step forward in the treatment of this prevalent but under-researched disorder. Finally, it should be noted that this is the first RCT focusing on an internet-based intervention for AjD in the Spanish population., This study was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) (Plan Nacional I + D + I: PSI2013-41783-R). The funding institution had no role in the design of the study and will not have any role during its execution, analyses and interpretation of the data, or decision to submit results.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, although several evidences also demonstrate a B cell involvement in its etiology. Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, a CXCR5-expressing CD4+ T cell subpopulation, are essential in the regulation of B cell differentiation and maintenance of humoral immunity. Alterations in circulating (c) Tfh distribution and/or function have been associated with autoimmune diseases including MS. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a recently approved first-line treatment for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients whose mechanism of action is not completely understood. The aim of our study was to compare cTfh subpopulations between RRMS patients and healthy subjects and evaluate the impact of DMF treatment on these subpopulations, relating them to changes in B cells and humoral response. We analyzed, by flow cytometry, the distribution of cTfh1 (CXCR3+ CCR6-), cTfh2 (CXCR3-CCR6-), cTfh17 (CXCR3-CCR6+), and the recently described cTfh17.1 (CXCR3+ CCR6+) subpopulations of CD4+ Tfh (CD45RA-CXCR5+) cells in a cohort of 29 untreated RRMS compared to healthy subjects. CD4+ non-follicular T helper (Th) cells (CD45RA-CXCR5-) were also studied. We also evaluated the effect of DMF treatment on these subpopulations after 6 and 12 months treatment. Untreated RRMS patients presented higher percentages of cTfh17.1 cells and lower percentages of cTfh2 cells consistent with a pro-inflammatory bias compared to healthy subjects. DMF treatment induced a progressive increase in cTfh2 cells, accompanied by a decrease in cTfh1 and the pathogenic cTfh17.1 cells. A similar decrease of non-follicular Th1 and Th17.1 cells in addition to an increase in the anti-inflammatory Th2 subpopulation were also detected upon DMF treatment, accompanied by an increase in naive B cells and a decrease in switched memory B cells and serum levels of IgA, IgG2, and IgG3. Interestingly, this effect was not observed in three patients in whom DMF had to be discontinued due to an absence of clinical response. Our results demonstrate a possibly pathogenic cTfh pro-inflammatory profile in RRMS patients, defined by high cTfh17.1 and low cTfh2 sub-populations that is reverted by DMF treatment. Monitoring cTfh subsets during treatment may become a biological marker of DMF effectiveness., This work has been supported by the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (grant number: FIS PI14/00265) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Government) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER).

Background: Epidural analgesia during labor can provide effective pain relief, but can also lead to adverse effects. The practice of moderate exercise during pregnancy is associated with an increased level of endorphins in the blood, and this could also provide pain relief during labor. Aerobic water exercises, rather than other forms of exercise, do not negatively impact articulations, reduce edema, blood pressure, and back pain, and increase diuresis. We propose a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a moderate water exercise program during pregnancy on the need for epidural analgesia during labor. Methods: A multi-center, parallel, randomized, evaluator blinded, controlled trial in a primary care setting. We will randomised 320 pregnant women (14 to 20 weeks gestation) who have low risk of complications to a moderate water exercise program or usual care. Discussion: The findings of this research will contribute toward understanding of the effects of a physical exercise program on pain and the need for analgesia during labor., This study was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Carlos III Institute; grants PI13/02440. Gerencia de atencion primaria of Mallorca is the sponsor of the study. We also received support from the Health Promotion and Preventive Activities-Primary Health Care Network, sustained by the Ministry of Health ISCIII-RETIC awards RD12/0005/0011 co - financed with European Union ERDF funds. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

Trabajo fin de grado en Enfermería, Objetivo: analizar las evidencias sobre la eficacia de la práctica regular de ejercicio físico para retrasar la progresión de la enfermedad del Alzheimer. Método: revisión narrativa a través de la búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos como la Biblioteca Virtual Cochrane, PubMed, Cinhal, Cuiden y Lilacs. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para perfeccionar la búsqueda y la selección de los artículos. Resultados: se analizaron 20 artículos que destacaban que una terapia basada en ejercicio físico afecta a distintos aspectos de la vida del paciente, ya sea a nivel físico, mental o social. Se han comprobado los efectos beneficiosos que tiene la práctica de ejercicio aeróbico combinado con ejercicios de fuerza, equilibrio y movilidad, en la cognición global del paciente y síntomas psíquicos, en su habilidad para desempeñar las actividades cotidianas y en disminuir la carga del cuidador, todo ello relacionado a su vez con respetar las sesiones programadas estimulando la motivación de los pacientes. Conclusiones: dada la alta incidencia de la enfermedad del Alzheimer sería conveniente concienciar a los profesionales de la salud, en especial a las enfermeras, para introducir la práctica del ejercicio físico en el cuidado de estos pacientes., Objective: analyze evidence about the efficacy of regular physical exercise to slower decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Method: narrative review by a bibliographic research in different databases like Cochrane Library, PubMed, Cinhal, Cuiden and Lilacs. It applies inclusion and exclusion standards to improve the research and selection of articles. Results: 20 articles were selected for its analysis; they conclude a therapy based in physical exercise affects different areas of patient’s life, in physical, mental and social levels. It has proved the beneficial effects that exercise has. Aerobic exercise, strength, balance and mobility exercises have an impact on global cognition, psychical symptoms; ability to perform activities in daily basis activities and to decrease care burden. Everything is related to respect programmed sessions to stimulate the patient`s motivation. Conclusion: due to high influence of Alzheimer’s disease, it would be advisable to raise awareness within the health professionals, especially nurses, in order to implement an exercise program for these patients.

RESUMEN Existe un alto número de personas afectadas por infertilidad que requieren de técnicas de reproducción asistida. Por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión ha sido analizar la efectividad de las intervenciones llevadas a cabo en dichas técnicas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, por pares, en doce bases de datos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, publicados entre 2011 y 2016, y con una puntuación mayor que dos en la escala Jadad. Las intervenciones farmacológicas efectivas encontradas fueron la administración de hormonas: gonadotropina coriónica humana intrauterina, gonadotrofina y dehidroepiandrosterona, y de metformina. Se localizó una intervención quirúrgica efectiva, raspado endometrial. No se halló ninguna intervención no farmacológica efectiva. Existe una heterogeneidad tanto de intervenciones incluidas en las técnicas de reproducción asistida, como de criterios para medir efectividad (tasa de embarazo, tasa de nacidos vivos o tasa de implantación), siendo necesaria una unificación de criterios.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Introduction: Mobile technology, when included within multicomponent interventions, could contribute to more effective weight loss. The objective of this project is to assess the impact of adding the use of the EVIDENT 3 application, designed to promote healthy living habits, to traditional modification strategies employed for weight loss. Other targeted behaviors (walking, caloric-intake, sitting time) and outcomes (quality of life, inflammatory markers, measurements of arterial aging) will also be evaluated. Methods: Randomized, multicentre clinical trial with 2 parallel groups. The study will be conducted in the primary care setting and will include 700 subjects 20 to 65 years, with a body mass index (27.5–40 kg/m2), who are clinically classified as sedentary. The primary outcome will be weight loss. Secondary outcomes will include change in walking (steps/d), sitting time (min/wk), caloric intake (kcal/d), quality of life, arterial aging (augmentation index), and pro-inflammatory marker levels. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, after 3 months, and after 1 year. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). Both groups will receive the traditional primary care lifestyle counseling prior to randomization. The subjects in the IG will be lent a smartphone and a smartband for a 3-month period, corresponding to the length of the intervention. The EVIDENT 3 application integrates the information collected by the smartband on physical activity and the self-reported information by participants on daily food intake. Using this information, the application generates recommendations and personalized goals for weight loss. Discussion: There is a great diversity in the applications used obtaining different results on lifestyle improvement and weight loss. The populations studied are not homogeneous and generate different results. The results of this study will help our understanding of the efficacy of new technologies, combined with traditional counseling, towards reducing obesity and enabling healthier lifestyles. Ethics and dissemination: The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Health Area of Salamanca (“CREC of Health Area of Salamanca”) on April 2016. A SPIRIT checklist is available for this protocol. The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov provided by the US National Library of Medicine-number NCT03175614.

Background: Suboptimal response and high dropout rates leave room for improvement of trauma-focused treatment (TFT) effectiveness in ameliorating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of intensive prolonged exposure (iPE) targeting chronic PTSD patients with a likely diagnosis of ICD-11 Complex PTSD following multiple interpersonal trauma and a history of multiple treatment attempts. Method: Participants (N = 73) received iPE in 12 × 90-minute sessions over four days (intensive phase) followed by four weekly 90-minute booster prolonged exposure (PE) sessions (booster phase). The primary outcomes, clinician-rated severity of PTSD symptoms, and diagnostic status (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CAPS-IV) were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and at three and six months. Treatment response trajectories were identified and predictors of these trajectories explored. Results: Mixed model repeated measures analysis of CAPS-IV scores showed a baseline-to-posttreatment decrease in PTSD symptom severity (p < .001) that persisted during the three- and six-month follow-ups with large effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 1.2); 71% of the participants responded. None of the participants dropped out during the intensive phase and only 5% during the booster phase. Adverse events were extremely low and only a minority showed symptom exacerbation. Cluster analysis demonstrated four treatment response trajectories: Fast responders (13%), Slow responders (26%), Partial responders (32%), and Non-responders (29%). Living condition and between-session fear habituation were found to predict outcome. Participants living alone were more likely to belong to the Partial responders than to the Non-responders cluster, and participants showing more between-session fear habituation were more likely to belong to the Fast responders than to the Non-responders cluster. Conclusions: The results of this open study suggest that iPE can be effective in PTSD patients with multiple interpersonal trauma and after multiple previous treatment attempts. In addition, in this chronic PTSD population iPE was safe.

Existe un alto número de personas afectadas por infertilidad que requieren de técnicas de reproducción asistida. Por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión ha sido analizar la efectividad de las intervenciones llevadas a cabo en dichas técnicas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, por pares, en doce bases de datos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, publicados entre 2011 y 2016, y con una puntuación mayor que dos en la escala Jadad. Las intervenciones farmacológicas efectivas encontradas fueron la administración de hormonas: gonadotropina coriónica humana intrauterina, gonadotrofina y dehidroepiandrosterona, y de metformina. Se localizó una intervención quirúrgica efectiva, raspado endometrial. No se halló ninguna intervención no farmacológica efectiva. Existe una heterogeneidad tanto de intervenciones incluidas en las técnicas de reproducción asistida, como de criterios para medir efectividad (tasa de embarazo, tasa de nacidos vivos o tasa de implantación), siendo necesaria una unificación de criterios. There are a high number of people affected by infertility who require assisted reproduction techniques. For this reason the aim of this review was to analyze the effectiveness of the interventions carried out using these techniques. A systematic peer review was performed on twelve databases. Inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, published between 2011 and 2016, and with a score greater than two on the Jadad scale. The pharmacological interventions that proved effective were the administration of hormones, intrauterine human chorionic gonadotropin, gonadotrophin and dehydroepiandrosterone, and metformin. An effective surgical intervention, endometrial scratching, was identified. No effective non-pharmacological interventions were found. Assisted reproduction techniques show heterogeneity in both the interventions included and effectiveness criteria (pregnancy rate, live birth rate or implantation rate), which makes a unification of criteria necessary.

Introduction The goals for the management of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee are to control pain and to minimise disability. Because the number of patients will increase as the population ages, alternative approaches to alleviate their joint pain other than conventional treatments are necessary. The purpose of this article is to present a refined protocol to determine if there is long-term improvement in pain and function after ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the genicular nerves (GNs) in patients with chronic painful knee OA. Methods and analysis This study is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design trial. One hundred and forty-two outpatients with OA of the knee will be recruited from Mallorca, Spain. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups: ultrasound-guided sham GN pulsed radiofrequency without active treatment and ultrasound-guided real GN pulsed radiofrequency. The primary outcome measures will be the observed changes from baseline pain intensity based on visual analogue scale (VAS). The possible changes in the secondary efficacy variables from the baseline as assessed by the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, pain medication use, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC subscales) and VAS pain intensity are also to be included in the study. These variables will be assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after treatment. Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the Research Ethic Committee of the Balearic Islands (IB 3223/16 PI). The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences. Trial registration Trial registration numberNCT02915120; Pre-results

Previous studies have reported an association between a more pro-inflammatory diet profile and various chronic metabolic diseases. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was used to assess the inflammatory potential of nutrients and foods in the context of a dietary pattern. We prospectively examined the association between the DII and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD: myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study including 7216 high-risk participants. The DII was computed based on a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of CVD risk were computed across quartiles of the DII where the lowest (most anti-inflammatory) quartile is the referent. Risk increased across the quartiles (i.e., with increasing inflammatory potential): HRquartile2 = 1.42 (95%CI = 0.97–2.09), HRquartile3 = 1.85 (1.27–2.71), and HRquartile4 = 1.73 (1.15–2.60). When fit as continuous the multiple-adjusted hazard ratio for each additional standard deviation of the DII was 1.22 (1.06–1.40). Our results provide direct prospective evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular clinical events.

Desde 2011, la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar ha recomendado a los médicos de cabecera que pidan a sus pacientes que dejen de tomar antibióticos cuando sospechen una infección viral. El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar si la interrupción del tratamiento con antibióticos cuando un médico de cabecera ya no lo considera necesario tiene algún impacto en el número de días con síntomas graves. Se realiza un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, multicéntrico y abierto. El estudio se realizó en 10 centros de atención primaria en España. Los pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a la estrategia habitual de continuar el tratamiento con antibióticos o suspender el tratamiento con antibióticos. Se calculó un tamaño de muestra de 240 pacientes por grupo sobre la base de una reducción de 1 día en la duración de los síntomas graves es un resultado clínicamente relevante. El resultado primario fue la duración de los síntomas graves, es decir, los síntomas puntuados 5 o 6 por medio de diarios de síntomas validados. Los resultados secundarios incluyeron antibióticos tomados, eventos adversos, satisfacción del paciente y complicaciones dentro de los primeros 3 meses. Since 2011, the Spanish Society of Family Medicine has recommended to GPs that focus on their patients to stop taking antibiotics when they suspect a viral infection. The main objective of this study is to determine whether interrupting antibiotic treatment when a GP is no longer considered necessary has an impact on the number of days with severe symptoms. A randomized, multicenter and open controlled clinical trial is carried out. The study was carried out in 10 primary care centers in Spain. The patients were randomly assigned to the usual strategy of continuing antibiotic treatment or discontinuing antibiotic treatment. A sample size of 240 patients per group is calculated based on a 1-day reduction in the duration of the sequential session is a clinically relevant result. The primary outcome was the duration of the severe symptoms, that is, the specific symptoms 5 or 6 by means of validated symptoms. The results include antibiotics taken, adverse events, patient satisfaction and difficulties within the first 3 mont

The inflammatory process plays a central role in the development and progression of numerous pathological situations, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disorders. IBDs involve inflammation of the gastrointestinal area and mainly comprise Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both pathological situations usually involve recurring or bloody diarrhea, pain, fatigue and weight loss. There is at present no pharmacological cure for CD or UC. However, surgery may be curative for UC patients. The prescribed treatment aims to ameliorate the symptoms and prevent and/or delay new painful episodes. Flavonoid compounds are a large family of hydroxylated polyphenolic molecules abundant in plants, including vegetables and fruits which are the major dietary sources of these compounds for humans, together with wine and tea. Flavonoids are becoming very popular because they have many health-promoting and disease-preventive effects. Most interest has been directed towards the antioxidant activity of flavonoids, evidencing a remarkable free-radical scavenging capacity. However, accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have many other biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities through different mechanisms of action. The present review analyzes the available data about the different types of flavonoids and their potential effectiveness as adjuvant therapy of IBDs.

BackgroundContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in asthma patients with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) seems to have a favorable impact on asthma, but data are inconsistent due to methodological limitations of previous studies. MethodsProspective, multicenter study. We examined asthma outcomes after 6 months of CPAP in 99 adult asthma patients (mean age 57 years) with OSAS (respiratory disturbance index 20). Asthma control and quality of life were assessed with the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (MiniAQLQ), respectively. Data were analyzed by intention-to-treat basis. ResultsThe mean SD score of the ACQ decreased from 1.39 +/- 0.91 at baseline to 1.0 +/- 0.78 at 6 months (P = 0.003), the percentage of patients with uncontrolled asthma from 41.4% to 17.2% (P = 0.006), and the percentage of patients with asthma attacks in the 6 months before and after treatment from 35.4% to 17.2% (P = 0.015). The score of the mAQLQ increased from 5.12 +/- 1.38 to 5.63 +/- 1.17 (P = 0.009). There were also significant improvements in symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux and rhinitis, bronchial reversibility, and exhaled nitric oxide values (all P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in drug therapy for asthma or their comorbidities nor in the patients' weight. ConclusionsAsthma control (both actual and future risk), quality of life, and lung function improved after starting continuous positive airway pressure in asthmatics with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome., This work was supported by a grant from the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR): 'Convocatoria Extraordinaria PII 2010-PII de Asma' (Barcelona, Spain, 2011).

Trabajo fin de grado. Defendido en junio de 2017. La osteogénesis imperfecta es una enfermedad rara, clínicamente heterogénea y de carácter hereditario debida a mutaciones en los genes que codifican el Colágeno tipo I. Sus consecuencias son gran fragilidad ósea, numerosas y frecuentes fracturas y deformidades oseas. El objetivo del trabajo es evaluarla eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento con bifosfonatos en pacientes pediátricos para mejorar la calidad de vida. Diez ensayos clínicos analizados demostraron que el tratamiento con bifosfonatos es eficaz, mejora la calidad de vida y muestra buen perfil de seguridad debiendo ser considerado como tratamiento paliativo de los síntomas, aunque no curativo de la enfermedad. Abstract: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare, clinically heterogeneous, hereditary disease due to mutations in genes encoding type I Collagen, which consequences are great bones fragility, numerous and frequent fractures and bones deformities. The target of this work is to evaluate efficacy and safety of bisphosphonates therapy to improve quality of life. Ten clinical trials were reviewed and evidenced efficacy and a good security profile, improves quality children´s life but should be considered as a palliative symptom therapy although not curative of disease. Ordenador con navegador de Internet; Adobe Acrobat Reader 39 p. (Según el contador de la aplicación)