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Proxima meloi sp. nov. (Figs 33–51, 56, 57) Diagnosis. Forewing (Fig. 36) without dark maculae. Male pygofer (Fig. 39), in lateral view, with apical portion rounded, not curved or folded inwardly. Subgenital plate (Fig. 40), in ventral view, with inner margin strongly expanded. Style (Fig. 42), in lateral view, with blade approximately straight, higher at base and narrowing towards the apex; ventral margin weakly serrated. Aedeagus (Figs 43, 44) with atrial processes not bifid and as long as shaft; shaft without processes; apex bifid into acute processes directed anteriorly. Measurements (mm). 11.8–12.9 mm (male); 12.8–13.5 mm (female). Coloration. As in generic description. External morphology. Crown-face transition (Fig. 34) with transverse striae only close to the eye, smooth on the median portion. Forewing (Fig. 36) with extra-numerary veins on discal, subapical and apical cells, sometimes apical half almost reticulate. Other characters as in generic description. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 37), in ventral view, approximately 1.4 times wider than long, strongly convex; lateral margins parallel; posterior margin widely rounded, emarginated medially. Valve (Fig. 38), in ventral view, approximately 2.7 times wider than long; posterior margin slightly excavated medially. Pygofer (Fig. 39), in lateral view, approximately 1.8 times longer than high; internal surface of lateral lobe with a thickening of the integument at anterodorsal portion; ventral margin rounded and expanded ventrally; posterodorsal and posteroventral margins approximately straight and strongly convergent at apex; apex rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 39), in lateral view, strongly curved dorsally; in ventral view (Fig. 40), 2.5 times longer than wide; subtriangular, outer margin slightly excavated; inner margin expanded and widely rounded; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 41), in dorsal view, large and wide; arms 1.2 times longer than stalk; anterior margin deeply excavated. Style (Fig. 41), in dorsal view, with lateral lobe rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 42), blade approximately straight, higher at base and narrowed towards apex; ventral margin weakly serrated; apex acute and curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Figs 43, 44) with preatrium reduced; dorsal apodeme moderately developed with dorsal margin deeply excavated, lateral margins slightly produced laterally; atrial processes long, wide at base and narrowing towards apex, as long as the shaft, apex rounded; shaft long and tubular, widely curved anterodorsally; apex bifid (from apical third of shaft) into acute processes directed anteriorly. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 45), in ventral view, approximately 1.4 times wider than long; posterolateral angle rounded; posterior margin slightly excavated near lateral angles, median portion strongly projected posteriorly with distinct median lobe deeply excavated medially. Pygofer (Fig. 46), in lateral view, approximately 1.3 times longer than high; macrosetae distributed at ventral half and apex; apex rounded. First valvifer (Fig. 47), in lateral view, subelliptic, slightly higher than wide; posterior margin truncated. First valvula (Figs 47, 48), in lateral view, approximately 8.6 times longer than high; apex subacute. Second valvula (Figs 49, 50), in lateral view, approximately 10.5 times longer than high; dorsal margin with four rounded teeth, basal tooth larger than others and apical tooth reduced; apex rounded.Second valvifer (Fig. 51), in lateral view, approximately 2.2 times higher than wide.Gonoplac (Fig. 51), in lateral view, approximately 3.6 times longer than high. Other characters as in generic description. Etymology. The new species is named in tribute to Dr. Gabriel A. R. Melo, Hymenoptera specialist and one of the collectors of the type-series. Material examined: Holotype male: “ Brasil, Bahia, 10 Km a\ NE de Encruzilhada,\ 15. 483ºS 40.824ºW,\ 830m 15.xii.2012,\ G. Melo & P. Grossi \Arm luminosa” (DZUP). Paratypes: Bahia: 2 ♂, 3 ♀, same data as holotype (DZUP); 9 ♂, 1 ♀, “ Brasil, Bahia, 6 Km a\ SE de Encruzilhada,\ 15. 567ºS 40.870ºW,\ 910m 16.xii.2012,\ G. Melo & P. Grossi \ Arm luminosa” (4 ♂, 1 ♀, DZRJ DZRJ-AUCH 0232, 0233, 0234, 0235, 0236; 1 ♂, MZSP; 4 ♂, DZUP); 4 ♂, 2 ♀, “ Brasil, Bahia,\ Encruzilhada \ XII.1980 \ M. Alvarenga leg.” (DZUP); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, “ Brasil, Bahia,\ Encruzilhada \ XI.1975 \ M. Alvarenga leg.” (MNRJ); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, “ Encruzilhada \ BA. Brasil XI/74\ M. Alvarenga ” (DZUP); 1 ♂, “ Encruzilhada \ BA. Brasil XII./80\ M. Alvarenga ” (DZUP); Minas Gerais: 1 ♂, “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, 12km a N de\ Águas Vermelhas, Faz.\ Faceiro, 15.640ºS \ 41.477ºW, 845m,\ 12.xii.2012 G. Melo & P.\ Grossi. Arm luminosa” (DZUP); 1 ♀, “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, 22km \ a NE de Pedra Azul, 15.819ºS 41.200ºW, 745m,\ 13.xii.2012, G. Melo &\ P. Grossi ” (DZUP). Notes. Proxima meloi sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Proxima by its subgenital plate (Fig. 40) with inner margin strongly expanded medially and by the aedeagus (Fig. 43) with atrial processes simple and as long as shaft.

Proxima nigromaculata sp. nov. (Figs 13���32, 54, 55) Diagnosis. Forewing (Fig. 16) with pair of dark brown maculae at apical third. Male pygofer (Figs 19, 20) with apex folded inwardly. Subgenital plate (Fig. 21), in ventral view, with inner margin mostly straight. Style (Figs 22, 23), in lateral view, with blade sinuous and slender; ventral margin smooth. Aedeagus (Figs 24, 25) with atrial processes not bifid and not exceeding apex of shaft; apex bifid into filiform projections directed posteroventrally. Measurements (mm). 10.8���13.0 mm (male); 13.4���15.4 mm (female). Coloration. Color pattern as in generic description, except for two dark brown maculae on corium of the forewing, one at the base of the first apical cell and appendix, and the other at wing apex (Figs 16, 54, 55). External morphology. Forewing (Fig. 16) with or without few extra-numerary veins on apical half, frequently on subapical cells. Other characters as in generic description. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 17), in ventral view, subrectangular; approximately 1.3 times wider than long; lateral margins parallel; posterolateral angles rounded; posterior margin with a median lobe slightly emarginated medially. Valve (Fig. 18), in ventral view, approximately 2.4 times wider than long; anterior and posterior margins rectilinear. Pygofer (Fig. 19), in lateral view, approximately 2.3 times longer than high; inner surface of lateral lobe with a thickening of the integument at anterodorsal portion; ventral margin slightly rounded; posterior margin sinuous; apex rounded, folded inwardly (Fig. 20). Subgenital plate (Fig 21), in ventral view, 3.6 times longer than wide; ligulate; outer margin rectilinear; inner margin slightly rounded; apex widely rounded. Connective (Fig. 22), in dorsal view, with arms longer than stalk; anterior margin deeply excavated; stalk short and enlarged apically. Style (Fig. 22), in dorsal view, with lateral lobe slightly rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 23), with blade sinuous and slender, slightly narrowing towards apex; ventral margin smooth; apex strongly curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Figs 24, 25) with preatrium moderately developed; dorsal apodeme underdeveloped with dorsal margin straight, weakly projected laterally; atrial processes slightly sclerotized, short, not exceeding apex of shaft, expanded preapically and with apex acute and curved ventrally; shaft broad at base and narrowing towards the apex, flattened dorsoventrally at apical half; apex bifid into poorly sclerotized filiform projections directed posteroventrally. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 26), in ventral view, approximately 1.3 times wider than long; lateral margins parallel; posterolateral angle subacute; posterior margin excavated near lateral angles, with distinct median lobe excavated medially. Pygofer (Fig. 27), in lateral view, approximately 1.4 times longer than high; macrosetae distributed at apical half and along ventral margin; apex slightly truncated. First valvifer (Fig. 28), in lateral view, subquadrangular, as high as long, posterior margin rounded. First valvula (Figs 28, 29), in lateral view, approximately 7.1 times longer than high; apex subacute. Second valvula (Figs 30, 31), in lateral view, approximately 11.2 times longer than high; dorsal margin with three teeth widely separated in the apical half, being the basal larger than others; apex rounded. Second valvifer (Fig. 32), in lateral view, approximately 2.2 times higher than wide. Gonoplac (Fig. 32), in lateral view, approximately 3.7 times longer than high. Other characters as in generic description. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the black maculae on the forewing. Material examined: Holotype male: ��� Brasil, Paran��, Tibagi \ P. E. do Guartel��, 1000m \ 24��33���47���S 50��15���26���W \ 21-24.XI.2016 Sweep \ A.C. Domahovski leg.��� (DZUP). Paratypes: Paran��: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ��� Brasil, PR, Antonina \ Res. Rio Cachoeira \ 25,316��S 46.696��W \ 50m 20-25.xi.2014 \ Luminosa \ Entomologia UFPR ��� (DZUP); Esp��rito Santo: 2 ♂, ��� Brasil, ES, Domingos Martins,\ Cultivo soja, 20��22���17,3���S \ 41��03���47,7���W, 950 m,\ 30.XI.2016, J. S. Zanuncio \ Junior leg.��� (DZUP); Maranh��o: 1 ♀, ��� Brasil, MA, Caxias,\ Povoado do Ouro Light\ trap 01.ii.2014 Grossi &\ Pinto Jr. Legs. ��� ��� DZRJ-AUCH \ 0230���(DZRJ); Minas Gerais: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ���Serra do Cara��a\ MG Brasil \ 27.XI a 5.XII.1972 \ Exp. Mus. Zool.��� (MZSP); Rio de Janeiro: 1 ♂, ��� Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, P.N. de\ Itatiaia, Quiosque do po��o\ azul, 22��27���07���S,\ 44��36���45���W, 17-18.xi.2012,\ D.M.Takiya & A.P.M.Santos ��� ���DNA voucher\ Entomologia, DZRJ \ ENT 1292 ��� ��� DZRJ-AUCH \ 0229���(DZRJ); 1 ♂, ��� Brasil, RJ, Nova Friburgo\ Sans Sousi\ 20.XII.2008 - 15.I.2009 \ P. Grossi leg. Luz ��� ��� DZRJ-AUCH \ 0231���(DZRJ); Rio Grande do Sul: 1 ♂, ��� Brasil, RS, Passo Fundo,\ M. Atl��ntica, 28��13���50.7���S \ 52��24���17,04���W, 671 m,\ 24.III.2017, P. R. V. \ da Silva Pereira leg.��� (DZUP). Notes. Proxima nigromaculata sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by its forewing (Fig. 16) with a pair of dark maculae at apical third, male pygofer (Fig. 19) with apex folded inwardly, and aedeagus (Fig. 24) with atrial processes poorly sclerotized and distinctly shorter than shaft., Published as part of Laranjeira, Vanessa Cristina, Gon��alves, Clayton Corr��a, Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz & Takiya, Daniela Maeda, 2022, Review of Proxima DeLong & Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) with description of two new species from Brazil and identification key to species, pp. 573-586 in Zootaxa 5091 (4) on pages 577-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5864234

Proxima ocellata DeLong & Freytag, 1975 (Figs 1���12, 52, 53) Proxima ocellata DeLong & Freytag, 1975: 111. Diagnosis. Forewing (Fig. 4) without dark maculae. Male pygofer (Fig. 7), in lateral view, with apical portion curved dorsally. Subgenital plate (Fig. 8), in ventral view, with inner margin slightly convex. Style (Fig. 10), in lateral view, with ventral margin excavated at median third and serrated. Aedeagus (Figs 11, 12) with atrial processes bifid apically; shaft with pair of lateral bifid subapical processes; apex bifid, forming short spatulate processes. Measurements (mm). 8.8 (male). Coloration. Color pattern as in generic description. External morphology. Forewing (Fig. 4) without extra-numerary veins. Other characters as in generic description. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 5), in ventral view, subrectangular; approximately 1.4 times wider than long; lateral margins rectilinear; posterolateral angles rounded; posterior margin with a small median lobe, slightly emarginated medially. Valve (Fig. 6), in ventral view, approximately 2.5 times wider than long; posterior margin slightly excavated medially. Pygofer (Fig. 7), in lateral view, with ventral margin broadly rounded; posterior margin oblique; apex subacute, curved dorsally. Subgenital plate (Fig. 8), in ventral view, 3.5 times longer than wide; ligulate; outer lateral margin slightly excavated medially; inner lateral margin widely rounded; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 9), in dorsal view, with robust arms slightly longer than stalk; anterior margin slightly excavated; stalk short and expanded apically. Style (Fig. 9), in dorsal view, with truncated lateral lobe; in lateral view (Fig. 10), with high blade for almost entire length, abruptly narrowing apically; ventral margin serrated, excavated at median third; apex acute and curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Figs 11, 12) with preatrium short; dorsal apodeme poorly developed, with dorsal margin rounded, not expanded laterally; pair of atrial processes strongly expanded medially, ventral margin with tooth at median third, apical third bifid, forming a dorsal branch with approximately twice the length of the ventral branch, both acute and direct anteriorly; shaft long, slender and subtubular, slightly flattened laterally, with pair of lateral, short and bifid subapical processes, ventral branch about twice longer and thicker than dorsal branch; apex bifid, forming short spatulate processes, poorly sclerotized. Female unknown. Material examined. Minas Gerais: 1 ♂, ��� Brasil, Minas Gerais,\ Itabirito, Vale dos Tropeiros, Cachoeira das Carrancas,\ 10.x.2010, 20��12���28.3���S,\ 43��38���26���W, 1046m, L.\ Dumas & N. Ferreira Jr. ���, ���DNA voucher\ Entomologia, DZRJ \ ENT 1313 ��� ��� DZRJ- AUCH \ 0228��� (DZRJ). Notes. Proxima ocellata can be easily distinguished from other species of the genus by its aedeagus with bifid atrial processes (Fig. 11).Although in this study, the holotype was not studied, there is no doubt about the identification of the specimen redescribed here, which agrees completely with the original description and illustrations (DeLong & Freytag, 1975)., Published as part of Laranjeira, Vanessa Cristina, Gon��alves, Clayton Corr��a, Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz & Takiya, Daniela Maeda, 2022, Review of Proxima DeLong & Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) with description of two new species from Brazil and identification key to species, pp. 573-586 in Zootaxa 5091 (4) on pages 575-577, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5864234, {"references":["DeLong, D. M. & Freytag, P. H. (1975) Two new genera, Proxima and Angucephala and two new species of Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 48 (1), 110 - 113."]}

Proxima meloi sp. nov. (Figs 33���51, 56, 57) Diagnosis. Forewing (Fig. 36) without dark maculae. Male pygofer (Fig. 39), in lateral view, with apical portion rounded, not curved or folded inwardly. Subgenital plate (Fig. 40), in ventral view, with inner margin strongly expanded. Style (Fig. 42), in lateral view, with blade approximately straight, higher at base and narrowing towards the apex; ventral margin weakly serrated. Aedeagus (Figs 43, 44) with atrial processes not bifid and as long as shaft; shaft without processes; apex bifid into acute processes directed anteriorly. Measurements (mm). 11.8���12.9 mm (male); 12.8���13.5 mm (female). Coloration. As in generic description. External morphology. Crown-face transition (Fig. 34) with transverse striae only close to the eye, smooth on the median portion. Forewing (Fig. 36) with extra-numerary veins on discal, subapical and apical cells, sometimes apical half almost reticulate. Other characters as in generic description. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 37), in ventral view, approximately 1.4 times wider than long, strongly convex; lateral margins parallel; posterior margin widely rounded, emarginated medially. Valve (Fig. 38), in ventral view, approximately 2.7 times wider than long; posterior margin slightly excavated medially. Pygofer (Fig. 39), in lateral view, approximately 1.8 times longer than high; internal surface of lateral lobe with a thickening of the integument at anterodorsal portion; ventral margin rounded and expanded ventrally; posterodorsal and posteroventral margins approximately straight and strongly convergent at apex; apex rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 39), in lateral view, strongly curved dorsally; in ventral view (Fig. 40), 2.5 times longer than wide; subtriangular, outer margin slightly excavated; inner margin expanded and widely rounded; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 41), in dorsal view, large and wide; arms 1.2 times longer than stalk; anterior margin deeply excavated. Style (Fig. 41), in dorsal view, with lateral lobe rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 42), blade approximately straight, higher at base and narrowed towards apex; ventral margin weakly serrated; apex acute and curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Figs 43, 44) with preatrium reduced; dorsal apodeme moderately developed with dorsal margin deeply excavated, lateral margins slightly produced laterally; atrial processes long, wide at base and narrowing towards apex, as long as the shaft, apex rounded; shaft long and tubular, widely curved anterodorsally; apex bifid (from apical third of shaft) into acute processes directed anteriorly. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 45), in ventral view, approximately 1.4 times wider than long; posterolateral angle rounded; posterior margin slightly excavated near lateral angles, median portion strongly projected posteriorly with distinct median lobe deeply excavated medially. Pygofer (Fig. 46), in lateral view, approximately 1.3 times longer than high; macrosetae distributed at ventral half and apex; apex rounded. First valvifer (Fig. 47), in lateral view, subelliptic, slightly higher than wide; posterior margin truncated. First valvula (Figs 47, 48), in lateral view, approximately 8.6 times longer than high; apex subacute. Second valvula (Figs 49, 50), in lateral view, approximately 10.5 times longer than high; dorsal margin with four rounded teeth, basal tooth larger than others and apical tooth reduced; apex rounded.Second valvifer (Fig. 51), in lateral view, approximately 2.2 times higher than wide.Gonoplac (Fig. 51), in lateral view, approximately 3.6 times longer than high. Other characters as in generic description. Etymology. The new species is named in tribute to Dr. Gabriel A. R. Melo, Hymenoptera specialist and one of the collectors of the type-series. Material examined: Holotype male: ��� Brasil, Bahia, 10 Km a\ NE de Encruzilhada,\ 15. 483��S 40.824��W,\ 830m 15.xii.2012,\ G. Melo & P. Grossi \Arm luminosa��� (DZUP). Paratypes: Bahia: 2 ♂, 3 ♀, same data as holotype (DZUP); 9 ♂, 1 ♀, ��� Brasil, Bahia, 6 Km a\ SE de Encruzilhada,\ 15. 567��S 40.870��W,\ 910m 16.xii.2012,\ G. Melo & P. Grossi \ Arm luminosa��� (4 ♂, 1 ♀, DZRJ DZRJ-AUCH 0232, 0233, 0234, 0235, 0236; 1 ♂, MZSP; 4 ♂, DZUP); 4 ♂, 2 ♀, ��� Brasil, Bahia,\ Encruzilhada \ XII.1980 \ M. Alvarenga leg.��� (DZUP); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, ��� Brasil, Bahia,\ Encruzilhada \ XI.1975 \ M. Alvarenga leg.��� (MNRJ); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, ��� Encruzilhada \ BA. Brasil XI/74\ M. Alvarenga ��� (DZUP); 1 ♂, ��� Encruzilhada \ BA. Brasil XII./80\ M. Alvarenga ��� (DZUP); Minas Gerais: 1 ♂, ��� Brasil, Minas Gerais, 12km a N de\ ��guas Vermelhas, Faz.\ Faceiro, 15.640��S \ 41.477��W, 845m,\ 12.xii.2012 G. Melo & P.\ Grossi. Arm luminosa��� (DZUP); 1 ♀, ��� Brasil, Minas Gerais, 22km \ a NE de Pedra Azul, 15.819��S 41.200��W, 745m,\ 13.xii.2012, G. Melo &\ P. Grossi ��� (DZUP). Notes. Proxima meloi sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Proxima by its subgenital plate (Fig. 40) with inner margin strongly expanded medially and by the aedeagus (Fig. 43) with atrial processes simple and as long as shaft., Published as part of Laranjeira, Vanessa Cristina, Gon��alves, Clayton Corr��a, Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz & Takiya, Daniela Maeda, 2022, Review of Proxima DeLong & Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) with description of two new species from Brazil and identification key to species, pp. 573-586 in Zootaxa 5091 (4) on pages 580-584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5864234

Proxima nigromaculata sp. nov. (Figs 13–32, 54, 55) Diagnosis. Forewing (Fig. 16) with pair of dark brown maculae at apical third. Male pygofer (Figs 19, 20) with apex folded inwardly. Subgenital plate (Fig. 21), in ventral view, with inner margin mostly straight. Style (Figs 22, 23), in lateral view, with blade sinuous and slender; ventral margin smooth. Aedeagus (Figs 24, 25) with atrial processes not bifid and not exceeding apex of shaft; apex bifid into filiform projections directed posteroventrally. Measurements (mm). 10.8–13.0 mm (male); 13.4–15.4 mm (female). Coloration. Color pattern as in generic description, except for two dark brown maculae on corium of the forewing, one at the base of the first apical cell and appendix, and the other at wing apex (Figs 16, 54, 55). External morphology. Forewing (Fig. 16) with or without few extra-numerary veins on apical half, frequently on subapical cells. Other characters as in generic description. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 17), in ventral view, subrectangular; approximately 1.3 times wider than long; lateral margins parallel; posterolateral angles rounded; posterior margin with a median lobe slightly emarginated medially. Valve (Fig. 18), in ventral view, approximately 2.4 times wider than long; anterior and posterior margins rectilinear. Pygofer (Fig. 19), in lateral view, approximately 2.3 times longer than high; inner surface of lateral lobe with a thickening of the integument at anterodorsal portion; ventral margin slightly rounded; posterior margin sinuous; apex rounded, folded inwardly (Fig. 20). Subgenital plate (Fig 21), in ventral view, 3.6 times longer than wide; ligulate; outer margin rectilinear; inner margin slightly rounded; apex widely rounded. Connective (Fig. 22), in dorsal view, with arms longer than stalk; anterior margin deeply excavated; stalk short and enlarged apically. Style (Fig. 22), in dorsal view, with lateral lobe slightly rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 23), with blade sinuous and slender, slightly narrowing towards apex; ventral margin smooth; apex strongly curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Figs 24, 25) with preatrium moderately developed; dorsal apodeme underdeveloped with dorsal margin straight, weakly projected laterally; atrial processes slightly sclerotized, short, not exceeding apex of shaft, expanded preapically and with apex acute and curved ventrally; shaft broad at base and narrowing towards the apex, flattened dorsoventrally at apical half; apex bifid into poorly sclerotized filiform projections directed posteroventrally. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 26), in ventral view, approximately 1.3 times wider than long; lateral margins parallel; posterolateral angle subacute; posterior margin excavated near lateral angles, with distinct median lobe excavated medially. Pygofer (Fig. 27), in lateral view, approximately 1.4 times longer than high; macrosetae distributed at apical half and along ventral margin; apex slightly truncated. First valvifer (Fig. 28), in lateral view, subquadrangular, as high as long, posterior margin rounded. First valvula (Figs 28, 29), in lateral view, approximately 7.1 times longer than high; apex subacute. Second valvula (Figs 30, 31), in lateral view, approximately 11.2 times longer than high; dorsal margin with three teeth widely separated in the apical half, being the basal larger than others; apex rounded. Second valvifer (Fig. 32), in lateral view, approximately 2.2 times higher than wide. Gonoplac (Fig. 32), in lateral view, approximately 3.7 times longer than high. Other characters as in generic description. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the black maculae on the forewing. Material examined: Holotype male: “ Brasil, Paraná, Tibagi \ P. E. do Guartelá, 1000m \ 24º33’47”S 50º15’26”W \ 21-24.XI.2016 Sweep \ A.C. Domahovski leg.” (DZUP). Paratypes: Paraná: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, “ Brasil, PR, Antonina \ Res. Rio Cachoeira \ 25,316ºS 46.696ºW \ 50m 20-25.xi.2014 \ Luminosa \ Entomologia UFPR ” (DZUP); Espírito Santo: 2 ♂, “ Brasil, ES, Domingos Martins,\ Cultivo soja, 20°22’17,3”S \ 41°03’47,7”W, 950 m,\ 30.XI.2016, J. S. Zanuncio \ Junior leg.” (DZUP); Maranhão: 1 ♀, “ Brasil, MA, Caxias,\ Povoado do Ouro Light\ trap 01.ii.2014 Grossi &\ Pinto Jr. Legs. ” “ DZRJ-AUCH \ 0230”(DZRJ); Minas Gerais: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, “Serra do Caraça\ MG Brasil \ 27.XI a 5.XII.1972 \ Exp. Mus. Zool.” (MZSP); Rio de Janeiro: 1 ♂, “ Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, P.N. de\ Itatiaia, Quiosque do poço\ azul, 22°27’07”S,\ 44°36’45”W, 17-18.xi.2012,\ D.M.Takiya & A.P.M.Santos ” “DNA voucher\ Entomologia, DZRJ \ ENT 1292 ” “ DZRJ-AUCH \ 0229”(DZRJ); 1 ♂, “ Brasil, RJ, Nova Friburgo\ Sans Sousi\ 20.XII.2008 - 15.I.2009 \ P. Grossi leg. Luz ” “ DZRJ-AUCH \ 0231”(DZRJ); Rio Grande do Sul: 1 ♂, “ Brasil, RS, Passo Fundo,\ M. Atlântica, 28º13’50.7”S \ 52º24’17,04”W, 671 m,\ 24.III.2017, P. R. V. \ da Silva Pereira leg.” (DZUP). Notes. Proxima nigromaculata sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by its forewing (Fig. 16) with a pair of dark maculae at apical third, male pygofer (Fig. 19) with apex folded inwardly, and aedeagus (Fig. 24) with atrial processes poorly sclerotized and distinctly shorter than shaft.

In 2001, the increasing tension led to a threat to Macedonian sovereignty and territorial integrity due to the events that took place in the north‑western regions of the country bordering Albania and Kosovo. The actions of Albanian separatists associated with National Liberation Army that aimed at making Albanian and Macedonian nationalities equal within the Republic resulted in an increase of anti‑Albanian attitudes that contributed to the Macedonian‑Albanian conflict. The six‑month fight was ended on 13 August 2001 when the peace agreement was signed in Ohrid. The agreement, which was accepted by both sides of the conflict, was more favourable for the Albanians since it made their status as citizens almost equal to that of Macedonians. A growing tension among the Albanian minority forced immediate implementation of the decisions included in the Ohrid Agreement. The European Union in cooperation with the OSCE and NATO played a key role in the process of stabilising the socio‑political situation. The police reform in the Republic of Macedonia was a crucial element of the Ohrid Agreement. The changes were to ensure proportional representation of all nationalities comprising the Macedonian society in law enforcement services. The European Union and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe conducted three stabilisation missions: one was a military mission – CONCORDIA, and two were police missions: PROXIMA and EUPAT.

Context- A short anatomical metaphyseal femoral stem is a desirable hip implant for bone and soft tissue preserving hip replacing surgery in young arthritic patients. Physiological loading of the proximal femur prevents stress shielding and preserves bone stock of the femur in the long run. Thus it is an ideal hip implant suited for conservative hip surgeries in active young adults with arthritic hips. Materials and methods- 50 Proxima hip replacements were performed on 41 patients with a mean age of 45 over a 3-year period (between July 2006 and September 2009). Diagnosis of hip pathologies varied from osteoarthritis secondary to avascular necrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-tubercular arthritis to dysplastic hips. 9 of these patients had symptomatic bilateral hip involvement and underwent bilateral hip replacement in a single sitting. All patient had a Proxima metaphyseal stem implantation( DePuy, Warsaw) with either a large diameter metal on metal or pinnacle articulation. Clinical and radiological evaluation was done at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and then yearly thereafter. Statiscal analysis used- VAS and Harris hip score formed the basis of evaluation Results- These patients were followed up for a mean period of 49 months (Range 36-72 months). The average incision size was 14.38 cm (10-18 cm) and blood loss was 269 ml (175-450 ml). There was no peri-operative mortality or serious morbidity in any patients. One patient had an intraoperative lateral cortex crack that required only delayed rehabilitation. Five of the 41 patients (12.1 %) had complications with three recovering completely and one requiring revision of femoral stem for aseptic loosening. One patient was lost in follow-up. Harris hip score improved from 52 to 89.3 at last follow-up. Overall 95.1% (39/41) patients had an excellent outcome at last follow-up. Conclusion- We conclude that Proxima metaphyseal stem provided clinically and radiologically stable fixation through snug fit initially followed by bone in-growth and was ideally suited to satisfy the requirements of a conservative hip implant. Unfortunately, due to unknown reasons, the implant has been recently withdrawn from the market by DePuy and is no longer available for use. Key Message Conservative hip stems that preserve bone and soft tissue at the time of surgery, prevent femoral stress shielding by circumferential loading, promote positive bone remodeling and help to make revision surgeries easier are ideally suited as hip implants for young active adults with end stage hip disease requiring hip replacement surgery.

An illustrated glossary of terms used in the analysis of the shells of recent and fossil foraminifera supplemented by a rigorous selection of terms that facilitate an understanding of their biology and their use in ecology and biostratigraphy. The glossary includes some 650 entries illustrated by 83 - often composite – figures many of which are stereographs or 3D models. A taxonomic index lists the 140 taxa illustrated.