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Polską pomoc rozwojową dla Republiki Mołdawii można określić mianem inwestycyjnych działań uzupełniających. Celem artykułu jest oszacowanie jej wielkości i scharakteryzowanie poszczególnych projektów. Poruszana problematyka dotyczy również sposobu wdrażania środków pomocowych, w tym charakterystyki modeli funkcjonowania projektodawców i systemowego podejścia do poszczególnych grantów. Zakres pola badawczego obejmuje lata 2008–2018, a więc cezurę czasową, dla której zebrano materiał źródłowy. W artykule wykorzystano dwie metody badawcze: analizy statystycznej i analizy formalno-prawnej. Postawiono następujące pytania badawcze: jaki jest szczegółowy zakres wdrażania polskiej pomocy rozwojowej w Mołdawii? Jakie modele funkcjonowania projektodawców w zakresie ODA wykształtowały się w Republice? Jakie typy projektów finansowano w ramach ODA w Mołdawii po 2004 r.? Republika Mołdawii pod względem inwestycyjnym jest terenem specyficznym. Realizowane tu projekty odbiegają od wyobrażenia europejskiego, skoncentrowanego wokół przemysłu 4.0 zmierzającego do wdrażania w gospodarce procesów automatyzacji, robotyzacji i zaawansowanych technologii. Większość grantów wdrażanych na trenie Republiki dotyczy tymczasem podstawowych potrzeb o charakterze politycznym, społecznym i gospodarczym. Ich realizacja jest źródłem postępu we wskazanych trzech obszarach, bowiem w wielu przypadkach skoncentrowana jest na zapewnianiu podstawowych potrzeb życiowych. Jeśli nawet kwoty udzielanej przez Polskę pomocy nie są wysokie, to za decydujący należy uznać sam fakt zrealizowania określonej inwestycji. Polish Development Assistance for the Republic of Moldova can be described as complementary investment activities. The aim of the article is to estimate its size and to characterize individual projects. The discussed issues also concern the method of implementing aid measures, including the characteristics of the models of the project promoters’ functioning and the systemic approach to individual grants. The scope of the research field covers the years 2008–2018. The article uses two research methods: statistical analysis and formal and legal analysis. The following research questions were posed: What is the detailed scope of the implementation of the Polish development aid in Moldova? Which models of functioning of project promoters within ODA have been developed in the Republic of Moldova? What types of projects have been financed by ODA in Moldova after 2004? The Republic of Moldova is a specific area in terms of investment. The projects implemented here differ from the European image, which is focused on industry 4.0 aimed at the implementation of automation, robotization and advanced technologies in the country’s economy. Most of the grants implemented in the territory of the Republic concern basic needs of a political, social and economic nature. Their implementation is a source of progress in the three indicated areas, because, in many cases, it is focused on providing basic life needs. Even if the amounts of aid granted by Poland are not high, the fact that a specific investment has been completed should be considered decisive.

Being systems, cities have an extensive item and subject structure. Therefore, the high ability to introduce changes in the area of cities is demonstrated by the implementation of activities involving extensive expenditure (material, financial, intangible). Projects, including business ones, are an example.The management of the city is shaped by the activity of both the public and private sectors. Joint activity enables the achievement of effects impossible to achieve solely by the activity of the public sector. On the other hand, private sector activities may not take place or be limited without public sector support. There is therefore the importance of dialogue between both sectors and research to develop instruments to support business projects by the public sector.Due to the research issues undertaken, the main objective of the study is to characterize projects, including business ones, and to identify a range of potential ways of supporting business projects (corresponding to their specificity) on the part of the public sector. Therefore, among the partial research goals are: – (sub-objective 1) identification of project characteristics, including business ones (i.e. in relation to their stages, types, as well as strategies and methods of financing implemented by investors during their implementation); – (sub-objective 2) listing the tools for supporting business projects by the public sector, including those common and recommended in Polish economic practice and implemented in other countries in order to develop domestic instruments, e.g. by implementing some of the foreign solutions.The branching of the main research goal into two partial research goals makes the research tasks more efficient and the continuity of the entire research argument. As part of the research carried out in the form of a bibliographic query, therefore, focused on several research areas (assuming the perspective of exploring the scope of the research), i.e. stages and types of projects, sources of financing business projects for real estate investment, alternative investment strategies in the context of business projects investment nature in real estate, and then forms of support for investors undertaking the implementation of business investment projects in real estate by adopting the user’s strategy, including classic tool divisions in Polish conditions, examples of proposals for complementary supporting instruments in Poland, as well as potential development directions regarding forms of support for on the basis of foreign experiences that can be implemented in Polish conditions). In this way, the adequacy of the research and the content of the thesis with regard to the adopted research issues is preserved. This, in turn, makes it possible to achieve the formulated research goals.On the basis of the conducted research, the author mainly states that the projects constitute a heterogeneous set and, consequently, an extensive research scope. Therefore, it is justified for the reliability of research to narrow down the scope of the research in favor of the selected type of projects. Thus, detailed research considerations, in accordance with the adoptedresearch objectives, have been oriented towards business projects of an investment nature in real estate. Their characterization covered, firstly, the developed sources of financing, reflecting the development of the financial market, as well as various situational possibilities depending on the individual features of a business project, and, secondly, alternative investment strategies that may be adopted by investors in the area of implementing business projects of an investment nature in real estate, which reflect the wide range of options for investor behavior, distinguished for the long-term development of the local user strategy. Similarly to the extensive classifications of projects, as well as the methods of their financing and management, heterogeneity was also demonstrated in the scope of instruments supporting business projects of investment in real estate, applicable (along with technical, organizational and legal improvements) and potential for implementation in the Polish economy (in based on the experiences of Germany, France and Great Britain). Moreover, the conducted research proves the ability of business projects to play a city-forming role influences the use of supporting tools by the public sector. In terms of these support solutions, some are perceived as being universal (i.e. broad adaptability), and with others rather individual (i.e. meeting specific requirements). Moreover, financial and non-financial tools are mentioned. Moreover, foreign experiences show examples of directions of their development.The scientific article presents research, some of which can be considered as a contribution to carrying out further research tasks on a specific type of business projects selected in the context of specific conditions. Gospodarowanie miastem jest kształtowane poprzez aktywność zarówno sektora publicznego, jak i prywatnego. Wspólna aktywność umożliwia osiąganie efektów niemożliwych do uzyskania wyłącznie przez działalność sektora publicznego. Z kolei działania sektora prywatnego mogą nie nastąpić lub być ograniczone bez wsparcia sektora publicznego.Z uwagi na podjętą problematykę badawczą głównym celem badania jest scharakteryzowanie projektów, w tym biznesowych oraz określenie wachlarza potencjalnych sposobów wspierania projektów biznesowych (odpowiadających ich specyfice) ze strony sektora publicznego.Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań autor stwierdza głównie, że zdolność do pełnienia przez projekty biznesowe miastotwórczej roli wpływa na dysponowanie przez sektor publiczny narzędziami je wspierającymi. W zakresie tych rozwiązań wsparcia dostrzega się przy części uniwersalność (tj. szeroką adaptacyjność), a przy innych raczej indywidualność (tj. spełnienie konkretnych wymogów). Ponadto, wymienia się narzędzia o charakterze finansowym, jak i pozafinansowym. Co więcej, zagraniczne doświadczenia wskazują przykładowe kierunki ich rozwoju.

Od lat w Regionie Morza Bałtyckiego realizowane są projekty obejmujące swą tematyką zagadnienia, mające wpływ na proces planowania przestrzennego obszarów morskich (PPOM). Autorki artykułu odjęły próbę dokonania analizy przydatności zabranych i wykorzystywanych danych oraz wyników ww. projektów w procesie planowania przestrzennego polskich obszarów morskich. W pierwszym etapie dokonano identyfikacji i przeglądu projektów powiązanych z zagadnieniem PPOM. W rezultacie powyższych działań zidentyfikowano około 300 projektów. Następnie autorki pozyskały informacje na temat danych (z polskiej części Bałtyku) zbieranych i wykorzystywanych w wybranych projektach, dokonano również analizy użyteczności wyników projektów poświęconych samemu procesowi PPOM. Ostatecznie autorki przedstawiły wnioski i rekomendacje, które mogą być wykorzystane przez decydentów w przyszłości. For years, many of the Baltic Sea Region projects touch issues related to the process of Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). The authors of this article decided to investigate whether the Baltic Sea Region projects’ outcomes may be deemed useful in terms of the Polish MSP process. Firstly, an identification and review of the range of projects relevant to the needs of maritime spatial planning has been made. As a result, about 300 projects have been identified. Next, the authors obtained information about the data collected (from the Polish part of the Baltic Sea) and used in the selected projects. An analysis of the usefulness of the project results, including the one devoted directly to the MSP process, has been carried out. At the end of the process, the authors elaborated conclusions and recommendations for the future, which would certainly be of use for decision makers. Renata Kozak

W niniejszym artykule dokonano podsumowania zakresu inwestycji zrealizowanych dzięki środkom unijnym w powiecie chojnickim i Gminie Miejskiej Chojnice w latach 2004–2013 (stan realizacji: październik 2015). W obrębie tak przyjętej typologii przeanalizowano 397 projektów za pomocą analizy porównawczej, dzięki czemu oszacowano, iż łączna ich wartość projektów zatwierdzonych do realizacji wyniosła 1,03 mld zł, z czego 597,75 mln zł stanowiło dofinansowanie UE. Wkład budżetu państwa do wskazanych inwestycji to 105,48 mln zł, co oznacza, że 326,88 mln zł to środki stanowiące wkład własny beneficjentów z terenu powiatu chojnickiego. The following article summarizes the scope of the investments made thanks to the EU funds in the Chojnice County and Chojnice Municipality in the years 2004-2013 (state of implementation as at: October 2015). Within such a typology we have analyzed 397 projects through a comparative analysis, and it has been estimated that the total value of projects approved for implementation amounted to 1.03 billion PLN, of which 597.75 million PLN was provided from the EU financial support. The contribution of the state budget to the indicated investment is 105.48 million PLN, which means that 326.88 million PLN is the own contribution of beneficiaries from the Chojnice County.Publisher: A. Finster, J. Knopek (red.)Organization: Urząd Miejski w ChojnicachPublication Date: 2015Publication Name: 25 LAT SAMORZĄDU TERYTORIALNEGO. POLSKA - POMORZE - CHOJNICE

Our paper summarizes and describes activities concerning grey literature in the Czech Republic. The managing organization of the activity is the State Technical Library (henceforth the STL); in the past, it was the STL, which was collecting, publishing and submitting grey literature data into the SIGLE system. The STL was the representative of the Czech Republic in the EAGLE. Now, EAGLE being extinct, there is no coordinated collection of grey literature on the national level since 2005. The STL complements the role of the Czech National Library, which under the National Digital Library project, aims at accessibility of widespread published documents ("white literature"). On the other hand, the STL intends to deal with literature not acquired through normal bookselling channels (grey literature) and initiated a project for grey literature retrieval. The project the National Repository of Grey Literature (henceforth the NRGL) is supported by the Ministry of Culture. Its main objective is formation of a digital repository of grey literature in the Czech Republic. The project aims at gathering metadata and possibly full texts of grey documents in the field of education, science and research. The NRGL shall solve the typology of documents collected as well as metadata formats, persistent identifiers, intellectual property issues, SW and HW support, formation of network of collaborating institutions etc. Close collaboration with representatives of Czech universities has been established. They face the issue of storing university qualification theses, which is one of the segments of typology of documents collected by the NRGL. The National Registry of Theses shall become a component of the NRGL. The STL has also got in touch with further producers of grey literature in the Czech Republic, in particular research institutes of the Academy of Sciences the Czech Republic, the institution covering a major part of production of grey literature in the segment of research and development. The NRGL should facilitate to research the data on grey literature in the Czech Republic at one place with a single interface, as well as to retrieve the information on the owner of the document and - if possible - the full text of the document, either in electronic form or via the contemporary network of libraries (interlibrary loan, Document Delivery Service etc.). The NRGL project does not assume retrospective digitalization of grey literature documents. However, we intend to certify the NRLG a trustworthy repository. The aim of the project is to provide services not only to the NRGL contributors, but also to the widest public. The STL has based the project on practice of universities, which had already experience with local repositories. The entire the NRGL project is consulted with the National Library of the Czech Republic as a part of the Czech Digital Library project.