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Hintergrund Bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen (≤ 1 Jahr) ist das intraoperative Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) unzureichend charakterisiert und eine valide Narkosetiefenüberwachung ist ausstehend. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Beobachtungsstudie ist es, EEG-Signaturen bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen während einer Allgemeinanästhesie mit Sevofluran zu charakterisieren. Methoden Frontale EEGs, aufgenommen in der Charité vom 01.05.2018 bis 30.06.2019, von 207 Kindern (≤ 1 Jahr), die eine Allgemeinanästhesie mit Sevofluran erhielten, konnten aus dem Narcotrend Monitor heruntergeladen werden. Ein intraoperatives EEG wurde bei 115 Patienten ausgewertet: 0–3 Monate (n=27), 4–6 Monate (n=30), 7–9 Monate (n=29) und 10–12 Monate (n=29). Bei weiteren 20 Patienten, 0–6 Monate (n=10) und 7–12 Monate (n=10), waren perioperative EEG Event-Marker vorhanden (präoperativer Wachzustand [Base], Bewusstseinsverlust, Op[eration] und Ex[tubation]), um die perioperative EEG Dynamik zu analysieren. Analysiert wurden die totale EEG-Power (µV2), die relative β-, α-, θ- und δ Power (%) sowie die Spektrale Eckfrequenz 95 (SEF95 in Hz). Alle Werte sind als Mittelwert und Standardabweichung angegeben. Ergebnisse Intraoperativ ist über alle Altersgruppen (0–3, 4–6, 7–9, 10–12 Monate) die relative δ Power das dominierende Frequenzband mit einem Abfall bei zunehmendem Alter (von 0–3 Monaten: Mittelwert [Standardabweichung]: 80,5 % [10,5 %] zu 4 6 Monaten: 61,8 % [17,2 %], p, Background In newborns and infants (≤ 1 year) the intraoperative electroencephalogram (EEG) is insufficiently characterised and a valid monitoring of depth of anaesthesia is warranted. The aim of this retrospective observational study is to characterise the EEG signatures in newborns and infants during a general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. Methods Frontal EEGs from 207 children (≤ 1 year) who received general anaesthesia with sevoflurane recorded at the Charité from 01.05.2018 until 30.06.2019 could be downloaded from the Narcotrend monitor. An intraoperative EEG of 115 patients was analysed: 0–3 months (n=27), 4–6 months (n=30), 7–9 months (n=29) and 10–12 months (n=29). In a further 20 patients, divided into 0–6 months (n=10) and 7 12 months (n=10), perioperative EEG event markers were available (base[line], loss of consciousness, OP[eration] and Ex[tubation]) to analyse the perioperative EEG dynamics. The total EEG-power (µV2), the relative β-, α-, θ- und δ-power (%), as well as the spectral edge frequency 95 (SEF95 in Hz) were analysed. All data are given as median and standard deviation. Results Intraoperatively the dominating frequency is the relative δ-power across all age groups (0–3, 4–6, 7–9, 10–12 months) with a decline at increasing age (from 0 3 months: median [standard deviation]: 80,5 % [10,5 %] to 4–6 months: 61,8 % [17,2 %], p

Vaccination is an important prevention measure, but requires an intact immune system. Surgery and anesthesia suppress the immune system and may interfere with the benefits of immunization. Moreover, common vaccine side-effects may be misinterpreted as postsurgical complications. This review summarizes the essential basis of immunization and its potential interactions with anesthesia.Vaccines have mild side-effects, such as fever, but may lead to serious complications in immunocompromised patients. Surgery and anesthesia may decrease the efficacy of a vaccine, or promote vaccine-related complications. It, therefore, reasonable to schedule surgery and anesthesia with a delay either before or after vaccine administration, but there is no consensus among anesthesiologists and pediatricians regarding this timing.Inactive vaccines are generally well tolerated. Live vaccines provide an effective and long-lasting immunization, but may carry more serious complications. Elective operations should be postponed 1 week after an inactive vaccine and 3 weeks after immunization with a live vaccine. To avoid misinterpretation of vaccine-related side-effects, vaccination should be also delayed after surgery.

Objective This study was designed to review the pediatric anaesthesia services at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH). Methods Retrospective analysis review for pediatric surgery case s in patients under 12 years of age from 2002 to 2007.We also reviewed the pediatric surgery cases from Jan 2007 to Dec 2007 at KKUH. Data of age, sex, and types of surgery were collected. Results Our data showed no significant change in the total number of pediatric surgery cases over the last 6 years (2002–2007). The mean average of pediatric surgery cases percentage was 18.7%. The data analysis revealed a higher percentage of cases at the age of less than 2 years and above 5 years. The elective pediatric surgery cases were more than emergency cases. The male pediatric patients were more than the female. Conclusion This study demonstrates the need and the potential to establish a guideline for anaesthesia in children at KKUH.