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This study aims to conceptualise the organisational framing of tourism management in touristified cities, focusing on the assessment of participatory processes of tourism planning. A grounded theor...

Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 3, 2, 779-792

This paper discusses characteristics of the university quality and program review processes' in a large metropolitan university that supported incremental environmentally aligned curriculum change in an Information Communication Technology (ICT) postgraduate degree. A snapshot of professional domain demands for university graduates and processes supportive role, within the timeframe of an episode of change, will be described. Examination of Lewin (1948), Garvin (2000), Kotter (1995) and Jick's (1991) change management model steps, Morgan's (1998) open systems characteristics and Beshears's (1995) participatory management styles provided a benchmarking framework for identification of characteristics within the processes that supported curriculum change. Success of the processes was attributed in part to strategic management of the review process which enabled the structuring of operational review activities to exhibit an Adhocracy management style.

Pensar a cidade, com a cidade e para a cidade tem se tornado uma tarefa envolvente não apenas para os gestores municipais. Quando a educação é considerada fator fundamental para o desenvolvimento da cidade, surge a cidade como meio para uma formação integral do cidadão, desde a mais tenra idade. É nesse contexto que emerge a Cidade Educadora, uma proposta política e pedagógica transformadora do século XXI. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar os contextos fundamentais nos quais a perspectiva da cidade educadora emergiu e atualmente se desenvolve. Essa análise é importante para compreendermos as atuais iniciativas realizadas sob a bandeira da cidade educadora, outra tarefa que nos propusemos a realizar aqui. A metodologia aplicada consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados obtidos nos revelam que a Cidade Educadora é uma arena rica de debates, inovações e de mobilização das administrações públicas municipais em prol da educação e da gestão participativa. Algumas lacunas de pesquisa também foram identificadas e, por isso, reflexões e questionamentos foram levantados, podendo servir como ponto de partida para pesquisas futuras. Por último, conclui-se que a cidade ocupa papel fundamental no desenvolvimento das pessoas e na formação cidadã, mas para que não se torne um discurso utópico, a Cidade Educadora deve fortalecer o desenvolvimento de projetos que promovam o engajamento das comunidades, instituições, escolas, etc. na construção da cidade que queremos para as próximas décadas, fazendo com que participem ativamente das mudanças que desejam para a educação e para as cidades envolvidas.

This work analyzes the financing of education, with a focus on the transfer of resources from Basic Education to the private sector and its impacts on the democratic management of education, within the scope of municipalities. It is justified by the dispute process in which the regulations in the New Fundeb and the resources destined to Brazilian Basic Education are found, in this period of financial capitalism, and by the importance of monitoring the tensions in the regulations of the Monitoring and Social Control Council (CACS) of Fundeb. The question that arises is: to what is this whole process linked? To answer it, considering the objective and justification presented, the work is based on theoretical and empirical studies on the subject. It is concluded that the proven advance of capital in various sectors of basic education impacts the democratic and participatory management of education within the municipalities, putting at risk the strengthening of public schools as a guarantee of the constitutional right to education and as a way to reduce of social inequalities. And also that this process is part of the neoliberal project of interest to certain national and international groups, accelerated by the advance of a certain right-wing radicalism in the country.

The study of student participation in decision making has been characterised by conceptual vagueness and an absence of empirical tools to compare participatory practices in various contexts and to ...

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e analisar pesquisas sobre a ocorrência dos incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra no período de 2004 a 2019. Para tanto, realizou-se a revisão sistematizada de trabalhos nas plataformas de busca do Portal de Periódicos CAPES e da Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Do total de trabalhos foram escolhidos cinco conforme a relevância dos mesmos. Como resultado, verificou-se que predominam as causas dos incêndios de ordem antropogênica, seguidas pelas causas naturais, destacando-se a incidência por raios. Os estudos em discussão apontam a importância dos aceiros, do manejo do fogo, da regularização fundiária e da educação ambiental como medidas para reduzir os incêndios no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra. Dessa forma, conclui-se que tais medidas devem ser trabalhadas por meio de ações conjuntas entre a gestão do Parque e as comunidades no seu entorno através de práticas de gestão participativa.

A variety of forms and practices of citizenship in China has been well studied, but, unfortunately, studies on industrial citizenship are missing. Moreover, while there has been a growing literatur...

The consolidation of Unified Health System (“SUS”) demands the democratization of relationships; however, in its 30 years, the separation between management and health care has been remarkable. Thus, the objective was to know how scientific articles address health management in SUS. An integrative literature review was carried out in the Scielo and PePSIC databases with the descriptors: “health management”; “co-management”; and “participatory management”, with 16 articles remaining. Thematic content analysis followed, resulting in the categories: “conceptions about health management in SUS”; “difficulties for health management”; “potentialities of health management”; and “proposals for health management”. We concluded that is necessary to bring social actors closer together and consider aspects such as affectivity and subjectivity in the management process, allowing workers, managers and users - all SUS operators - to recognize themselves in health production.

A construção de cidades com espaços urbanos mais democráticos segue entre os desafios do planejamento urbano contemporâneo. No Brasil, a democratização destes espaços passa pela institucionalização da inserção da participação popular no processo de planejamento da cidade, instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e pelo Estatuto da Cidade. Analisando a experiência do planejamento e da cultura técnica urbanística em Curitiba/PR, questiona-se se a participação popular foi incorporada no processo de revisão do Plano Diretor, no contexto pós-constituinte. Para tanto, a análise consiste em verificar, através de pesquisa exploratória, revisão bibliográfica e de documentos oficiais (como atas, listas de presença, cartilha e folder de divulgação), o recente processo de revisão do Plano Diretor, ocorrido em 2014, focando o olhar sobre a questão da participação popular. Apresenta-se assim, numa perspectiva comparada com processos anteriores, a análise sobre eventuais permanências com a cultura técnica do planejamento de Curitiba, imposta pelo discurso tecnocrata, vigente desde a criação do IPPUC na década de 1960, e as rupturas, em detrimento dos princípios da gestão democrática e participativa, introduzidos pelo Estatuto da Cidade em 2001.

Leadership style as a characteristic behavior of a leader, is the prerogative in public administration activity. As follows the leader stimulates employees to achieve the goals of a public institution. The author of the article notes that style is primarily an element of the leadership system, which is characterized by individual characteristics that are directly determined by the personality of the leader. The article analyzes the first studies conducted by K. Levin on issues of the effectiveness of leadership style, which contributed to the separation of authoritarian, democratic and liberal style of management. In his research, the author focuses on special aspects of the leadership styles study, in particular, the "hidden" that formed during the heyday of American business. The article analyzes the "hidden" style of leadership, that is characterized by recognition of the importance of horizontal relationships – free communication between representatives of different structural units, which contributed to effective interaction between them. The author also draws attention to such leadership styles as executive, proactive and inconsistent in terms of authoritarianism and collegiality. However, in public administration such a leadership style as participatory (democratic) is poorly explored. According to the author of the article, such a leadership style allows to achieve a high degree of cooperation in developing a common position on solving numerous tasks. The author carried out a scientific generalization of the researches on the issues of introduction of participatory leadership in public administration in Ukraine, which was conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation within the framework of the Program for Promoting Public Activity "Join!" (USAID / ENGAGE), funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by the Pact in Ukraine, based on a nationwide survey in January-February 2020 on public involvement in public administration activity.

Catchment degradation in the Kilungu catchment area in Kenya has persisted, albeit the presence of Kenze Community Forest Associations (CFAs) and Upper Kaiti Water Resources Users Associations (WRUAs) involvement. This study sought to assess the challenges faced by CFAs and WRUAs, available opportunities and sustainability in the management of the catchment, employing an exploratory, descriptive survey. Data was collected through household questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informants’ Interviews (KII) and direct observations. The study established that Kenze CFA was facing major challenges at a rating of Very high (58%) and Highly (42%) as compared to Upper Kaiti WRUA at Very High (21%) and Highly (49), respectively. The Major challenges for the CFA being a non-functional CFA structure, while WRUAs challenges were minor on soft skills. Further, the challenges impacted highly on the outcomes of the CFA performance at a Very High (58%), Highly (42%) and WRUA Very High (21%) and Highly (49%), resulting in increased degradation of the catchment. In terms of opportunities, both institutions had various opportunities, although the WRUA had more opportunities at an affirmative Yes (99%) compared to CFA’s (54%). The key WRUA opportunity was that of being capacity build and empowered in order to ensure continuous efficient decision making and participatory management of the catchment, while the CFA had a supportive policy and law which presented a great opportunity of being enforced. Further, the WRUA respondents were more positive that the opportunities could improve the catchment at 38% (moderately), 42% (highly) and 20% (very high) compared to CFA’s 30% (moderately), 23% (highly) and 22% (very high). Results on Upper Kaiti WRUA and Kenze CFA respondent’s perceptions on sustainability revealed that both the WRUA and CFA were functioning well on aspects of equity and inclusiveness at WRUA rating of very highly (55 %), moderately (88%), and CFA very highly (25%), and moderately (50%). On accountability, WRUA had a rating of very highly (34%) and Moderate (88%), while the CFA was rated very highly (52%), and moderately (50%). In terms of WRUA and CFA effectiveness and efficiency, WRUA was rated very highly (36%), moderately (24) and CFA very highly (51%) and moderately (53%), respectively. Further results indicated that the WRUA highly involved its members in participatory decision making at moderately (88%) and highly (48%), compared to CFAs, who were rated at zero percent in the involvement of members in participatory decision making. On the observance of the rule of law, the WRUA were further rated highly (46%) and moderately (97%), while the CFAs were rated at zero percent. On consensus orientation, WRUAs were again rated highly (56%) and moderately (97%), while the CFAs were rated at zero percent. The study found that CFAs were facing more challenges, had fewer opportunities and various sustainability issues than the WRUAs, who were found to be having fewer challenges, had many opportunities and were significantly sustainable in all sustainability indicators. The implication of these results is that there is a critical need of addressing the challenges facing CFA and continually improve on the WRUA sustainability aspects as well as ensuring continuous empowerment of both institutions in order to overcome their myriad challenges, exploit their opportunities and ensure their sustainability. Further, there is a desperate need for a new and effective system for integrated Kilungu catchment management.

The article aims to find out the perception of human capital issues by entrepreneurs of small and medium-sized enterprises within the V4 countries, who implement the concept of CSR in their managerial praxis. The paper is based on a questionnaire survey with data collection from September 2019 to January 2020 with a total of 1585 respondents. Statistical methods of Pearson's chi-square and z-score were used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed differences between countries in terms of employees' turnover, perception of employees as the most important corporate capital, or the implementation of participatory management style. On average, 93% of respondents consider employees the most important company capital across the countries. There is also a strong consensus on the necessity of evaluating employee performance and motivation to innovate work practices.On the contrary, differences in the opinion on staff turnover were found among researched countries. The highest rate of turnover is among Polish entrepreneurs, and the lowest is in Hungary. With the growing company's size, the turnover of employees is getting higher. A participative management style is mainly implemented in the praxis by Slovak entrepreneurs (90%) and least by Hungarian (68%). However, Hungarian entrepreneurs are highly aware of the fact that their employees try to increase their performance, and healthy competition prevails among them (74%). The results may be interesting for those who promote or implement CSR in the conditions of the researched countries.

Although evidence shows that it is challenging to implement, many authors state that participatory management is a distinctive attribute of social enterprises. This paper presents case study research exploring how participatory management is manifest in Chile, a country where a paternalistic and autocratic management style prevails thereby constraining the adoption of more collaborative approaches. We found that a majority of the twenty social enterprises considered, despite having very different sizes, governance structure and activity sectors, involved employees and stakeholders in shared decision-making processes. Participatory management was exhibited in distinctive and diverse ways ranging from common agreement on strategic decisions through to the presentation of new proposals by members. We conclude that social enterprises in Chile differ from conventional enterprises not only in their focus on trying to solve social problems, but also in the fact that they may provide a vehicle to promote more innovative and participatory approaches to decision making.

Modifying human activities is key to achieving land degradation neutrality in rangelands. Rangeland stakeholders encompass different ownership regimes; however, little is known about whether different ownership models benefit or degrade social conditions and ecosystem services in the Middle East. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of Collective or Council ownership on social and ecological indicators in the wintery rangeland of Iran. The study included a social network analysis of the 187 stakeholders in the communal rangelands of Kalat (NE Iran). We considered social network variables such as density, reciprocity, transitivity, geodesic distance and E–I (external–internal) and degree centrality combined with ecological indicators such as condition, forage yield and trend in range condition. The stocking rate was 2.43 AU ha−1 in Council rangelands and 0.94 AU ha−1 for Collective rangelands, with both exceeding recommended carrying capacity. Herbage mass and canopy cover were both higher in the Collective (247 kg/ha; 59%) than Council rangelands (140 kg/ha; 48.3%). Density (47.6% and 48.6%) and reciprocity (54.2% and 53.7%) were higher for Collective rangelands than Council rangelands, but were lower for geodesic distance (1.5 and 1.7–1.8) for trust and collaboration ties. Collective rangelands showed more bridging ties (55%) than the council rangelands (27.5%), suggesting they would be more resilient when problems occur. It concluded that social capital was richer in the Collective rangelands, which creates a willingness in operators to contribute to participatory management of rangelands to improve their condition. Finally suggested new tools and policies, and possible financial and pedagogic support be provided to the Council rangelands to increase social capital and improve outcomes.

RESUMO Objetivou-se descrever a construção de um plano de ação de corresponsabilização entre gestores, profissionais e usuários, para a reorientação da demanda espontânea em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, por meio de ferramentas de gestão participativa. Tratou-se de um estudo intervencionista do tipo pesquisa-ação, realizado com uma equipe de Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Petrolina (PE). Participaram do estudo 11 sujeitos, selecionados pela técnica de amostragem da representatividade qualitativa, sendo 3 gestores da atenção básica do município, 4 profissionais de saúde da Estratégia Saúde da Família envolvida no estudo e 4 líderes comunitários, representantes dos usuários. O referencial teórico adotado para a análise da intervenção foi o método de análise e cogestão de coletivos, o Método Paideia. O estudo evidenciou o despreparo dos coletivos para atuarem na gestão participativa, ao tempo que revelou que as possibilidades de reestruturação dos serviços são otimizadas quando pensadas de maneira democrática e corresponsável. Considerou-se que as principais contribuições deste estudo foram a sensibilização e a mobilização dos sujeitos para atuarem de maneira participante no planejamento e na gestão dos problemas de saúde.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo Conocer las características de la disposición final de residuos sólidos hospitalarios. Método: La investigación fue descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo y la revisión sistemática de artículos nacionales e internacionales referidas a la variable gestión participativa que luego fueron analizadas. Resultados: de todas las investigaciones consultadas, la mayoría tiene resultados positivos y de mejora de la disposición de residuos sólidos hospitalarios, lo cual redunda en un mejor beneficio de los usuarios y del personal de salud. Conclusión, la revisión sistemática de los quince artículos científicos, sobre la disposición final de residuos sólidos corresponde a diferentes bases de datos de artículos científicos, todos ellos corresponden al tipo y diseño de estudios descriptivos. Los estudios resaltan en su mayoría que el personal de salud y sobretodo los gestores de los servicios de salud desconocen la disposición final de residuos sólidos hospitalarios, y sobre su importancia, ello puede generar daño o afección a las personas y al ambiente por su alta contaminación. Es importante desarrollar competencias en los equipos de salud de la disposición final de residuos sólidos hospitalarios, a través de talleres sobre la segregación correcta de la fuente de desechos médicos, para facilitar la eficacia y seguridad, manejo, transporte, tratamiento y eliminación de residuos de los establecimientos de salud.

Background Budgetary participation has a positive impact on a variety of emotional and behavioural responses. However, the review of empirical studies conducted in Tunisia reveals a low participation rate among operating managers in the budget control systems of their companies. Research aims The purpose of this study is to understand, from a contingency perspective, the practices of budgetary participation in Tunisian companies. It aims to explore forms of budgetary participation practised by Tunisian companies and examine to what extent Tunisian cultural variables explain these budgetary behaviours. Methodology A qualitative methodology based on a single case study was used. The data collected were the subject of a thematic content analysis. Findings The results show that the Tunisian companies have serious difficulties engaging in budgetary participation. Several factors hinder the implementation and operation of this budgetary practice. The primary factors include personality variables that, although interact with cultural values rooted in Tunisian society, create a psychological inconsistency between the ideal environment for the development and success of a participative approach and the environment of the Tunisian company.

The article substantiates the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of formation of the developmental environment of the general secondary education institution. The purpose of the article: to substantiate the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the developmental environment of the institution of general secondary education. The following methods of scientific research are used: analysis of scientific sources – in order to clarify the theoretical foundations of the educational environment of general secondary education; abstraction to identify the properties, characteristics, connections of the components of the educational environment; systematization and generalization – to formulate conclusions. It is determined that the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the developmental environment of the school is the organization of the intra-school system of professional development of pedagogical staff; creation of organizational structures in the school that provide participatory management; transition to a matrix model of school management joint programming of future innovation activities through organizational and activity games and similar events (seminars, pedradas, etc.); organization of innovative work of the school on the implementation of the national-regional component of the content of education; ensuring active and versatile interaction of the internal environment of the educational institution with the external environment; use in school management of monitoring its development, focused on a specially developed system of indicators that takes into account the specifics of the educational environment of a particular school, support for school development management through external educational and management consulting. The method of nominal groups and the method of group discussion, the method of collective programming, methods of preparation and carrying out of various actions of joint programming are characterized. It is emphasized that to ensure the developmental environment of general secondary education it is necessary to use educational and pedagogical consulting. Active implementation of various innovations in the life of the school requires a rapid reorientation of the educational process, taking into account the latest advances in science and practice. The purpose of external educational and pedagogical consulting is to form a unified approach to the organization of administrative, methodological, psychological and pedagogical activities of schools, gymnasiums and lyceums taking into account the changing social situation with a focus on the achievements of psychological and pedagogical science.

PurposeIn the present paper the research respects a specific steps regarding to the specificities of the study. The first step is compiling data into formal set which calls for the careful and methodic organizing of the original data. The second phase is disassembling the data in the base which calls the formal coding procedure. This phase supposes the use of a type of coding (axial coding). The authors combined three sources of information; nonparticipating observation of employee practices, techniques of semi-structural Biographical Interviews and explanations to collect data.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to report one-case study approach in a knowledge-based multinational to propose a framework that explores the role of reflexivity as determinant and the KM practices base of organizational changes and interpretations. The practice theory of Bourdieu and Giddens is mobilized to explain the individual behavior and the effect on the organizational structures. The paper assigns the role of team reflexivity as antecedent and emphasizes the individual and organizational practices to KM assessment.FindingsThe results showed the value of considering individual practices and team reflexivity on the learning stock of groups and knowledge sharing. Also, organizational learning, capability and social interactions are promising to build a practice-based framework of individual-organization duality of KM and for understanding changes in organizational structure and management modes.Research limitations/implicationsThe results showed the value of considering individual practices and team reflexivity on the learning stock of groups and knowledge sharing. Also, organizational learning, capability and social interactions are promising to build a practice-based framework of individual-organization duality of KM and for understanding changes in organizational structure and management modes.Practical implicationsThe organization's business strategy should identify and assess knowledge within the company's targets based on practice related concepts. The development of KM and HRM strategies must be embedded in business strategy which enables and support the organizational learning through practice community formation. Also, the direction should facilitate interpersonal knowledge sharing through certain forms of social interaction like establishing trust between new team's projects, team reflexivity and individual practices. Moreover, in the managerial issues, the study values the transformational leadership, participative management and commitment within the working group.Originality/valueAs any organizational phenomenon, KM can be addressed in different ways. The authors’ objective is to present an original and global approach leading to understanding different dimensions of this phenomenon. The proposed framework stipulates that knowledge is formed in practice through social interactions (Bourdieu, Giddens) and presents itself as a solution to the duality individual-organization. The originality of the paper is presumed in building a theory about KM effectiveness to develop its literature in terms of determinants and practices.

This study explores schools’ digital maturity self-evaluation reports’ data from Estonia. Based on quantitative data (N = 499) the schools that attempt digital transformation were clustered into three successive digital improvement types. The paper describes 3 main patterns of school improvement in different phases of innovative change: classroom innovation practices’ driven schools, participatory led structural change driven schools; and inclusive and evidence based change management type of schools. The defining variables for digital transformation towards new levels of digital maturity were teachers’ role, digital competences, learning organization culture, participatory management, inclusive leadership, structural changes and network, and IT-manager involvement to structural changes.

Sustainable watershed management evolved illustrating a specific shift from the perspective of traditional policy making in this area toward participatory management among all available stakeholders. The overall purpose of watershed participatory management is defined as the development of sustainable rural livelihoods with participation of all stakeholders and is based on the comprehensive management of natural resources. Current study aimed to analyze the stakeholders of social networks including various rural and social stakeholder groups associated with the Chehelchay watershed of Golestan province in Iran at the individual level. The research was conducted through network analysis method investigating three networks of trust, information exchange, and participation among seven groups of rural including farmers, gardeners, ranchers, sericultures, planting medical plants as well as people with non-farm jobs. Thus, total 60 individuals selecting through purposeful sampling method were interviewed using structured questionnaires for data collecting. The data analysis process was performed with Ucinet and NetDraw. According to the findings, the density indicator calculated in the trust, information exchange and participation networks related to studied villages was moderate and higher. The between centrality results illustrate that farmer, gardener, and rancher groups achieved the maximum amount generally and are considered as one of the primary actors in different networks. There were approximately the same results as for in-degree and out-degree centralities as they are higher amounts in farmers and gardeners’ groups. Finally, developing strategies, actions, and the services of the integrated watershed management based on stakeholders' participation and the cooperation of the organizations responsible for natural resources is suggested in order to attain the effective participation of stakeholders in Chehelchay watershed.

This article discusses the challenges of managing conservation areas; in search of new institutional instruments and mechanisms that make effective conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems in protected areas. The management of conservation areas in some countries has been made from a growing demand for involvement of stakeholders and communities in decision-making in the process of managing natural resources. There are three issues surrounding the debate on participatory management of conservation areas, namely: the distribution of authority and responsibilities in the decision-making process; distribution of benefits and sustainability (ecological, social and economic). The main reasons that justify the management of these areas with the participation of communities are: the restriction on access to resources can compromise the food security of families living there and; it is a prerequisite for communities to be able to carry out their activities, to set up joint enterprises with them, or other forms of management that make their participation effective. The analytical approach was based on the theory of natural resource management and complemented by recent contributions from research in the areas of political sociology, poverty and the environment on the phenomenon of "participation". The local dimension, although the integrative synthesis between the natural and the human, historically and spatially located, makes essential a participatory management of conservation areas in countries such as Mozambique, because it allows the understanding and transformation of social relations that are carried out from a certain mode of production and organization established in a defined space of protection and conservation.

It is crucial to review cases where heritage works as a means of empowering sustainable communities through participative governance and learn from these mechanisms. This paper aims to explore the lessons of participative governance in Agua Blanca, a small village located on the Ecuadorian coast, where heritage -archeological remains and dry tropical forests- constitutes the primary resource. The approach is qualitative, and the methods were archive analysis, observation, and open interviews. The villagers lead participative management that is based on equality of the access and distribution of resources. Through this vision, collective economic benefits from their heritage are achieved. Besides, the dwellers reinforce their identity through their cultural and natural heritage, which contributes to its preservation. Nevertheless, Agua Blanca faces challenges as the indifference of younger generations, territorial segregation, and the lack of relationships with government organisms. To confront these obstacles, it is recognized that the community is not a stable and permanent system but rather a set of difficulties that are overcome through inclusive governance mechanisms that evolve in the face of new necessities.

The aim of this study is to analyze the internationalization policies from the perspective of participative management in two institutions of Professional and Technological Education in Brazil and Peru. The theoretical-methodological approach presupposes comparative exercise and the treatment of cases. Interactions between global, economic and cultural forces and local contexts are demonstrated in the field of comparative education by the authors Aguilar (2018), Arnove (2012), Cowen (2012), Han (1971), Kazamias (2012), Lourrenco Filho (2004), Mazon (2015). Professionalization policies and participative school management in the researched institutions are presented regarding the conceptions and strategies adopted by them. We concluded that there is a little participation of students in the management of school institutions and spaces, such as School Clubs or Students’ Unions, Parents and Teachers Associations, Athletic Associations or, still, School Councils and Congregations in the two institutions researched.

International School Of Taraf International Amanatul Ummah is one of the schools that continues to produce quality students as evidenced by their achievements in both academic and non-academic fields. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze: Strategies, results, and factors supporting and inhibiting training and development management as well as the personality of educators and education personnel. This research is a field research with a qualitative approach, from the informants of the School Coordinator, Educators and Education and Students. The results showed that 1) Management training and development through the following stages: Planning, namely a School Idiom, participatory management, formation of subject teacher deliberations, internal-external training. The implementation process, through needs assessment, provides encouragement and confidence, conditions the learning environment, ensures training implementation, selects training methods, evaluates training programs. The result, through transfers of knowledge, is accomplished. Factors. Supporters; personal teachers, institutions. Blocker; teacher teaching time, teacher vacation time. Meanwhile, 2) personal management of teachers through the following stages: Planning, from the Coordinating School of International Taraf, namely annual meeting discussions, teacher selection materials, creating a culture of partnership, building a climate. As for the teacher through the institutional environment, motivation from outside. The implementation steps, from the coordinator of the International Bertaraf School, namely selecting personal teachers, holding seminars, meeting regulations, building self-confidence, establishing communication, starting from oneself, respecting time, having a social spirit. As for the teacher, namely understanding competence, maintaining dignity, instructive reprimand, students a source of inspiration, wisely admonishing coworkers, giving encouragement & help, establishing good relationships with superiors, self-reflection. Factors. Supporters; environment, peer teachers, motivation. Blocker; genetic factors, saturation factors. Result. International Traffic School teachers, Amanatul Ummah, in their competence have been very helpful in terms of learning and as a good role model.

Participatory governance as an opportunity for citizens to take part in public management can be realized in different forms. The article considers the potential of social media in the development of participatory management. The authors conducted a survey in Moscow to estimate the possibilities of social networks in establishing dialogue and partnership for solving urgent social problems, in particular, the peoples readiness to participate in social-network interaction, approaches of networks to its organization, and efficiency of the current forms of such interaction. The study of online and offline activity showed that despite the general satisfaction with the possibilities of personal initiative in solving socially significant problems, the respondents are not ready to be socially active; their activity in social networks consists of obtaining information, sometimes - in its use for socially significant activities, and very rarely - in organizing such activities. The comparison of social networks from the standpoint of the convenience for discussing socially significant issues and interaction with authorities showed that VKontakte and Instagram are promising platforms for participatory governance. In most cases, Muscovites participate in the network communities of the mass media, public organizations or public opinion leaders, very rarely - in the network communities of the authorities. According to the majority, in interaction with the authorities, social media perform an informative function by drawing attention to socially significant issues; however, it is also important to involve citizens in solving these problems. The low efficiency of the social-network interaction between the authorities and the population is obvious. The survey results indicate the general dissatisfaction with the organization of dialogue between the population and authorities in social networks. Respondents admit both the importance of developing dialogue-partner forms of Internet communications and the low level of their implementation. Thus, the portal Active Citizen receives contradictory assessments as a platform for electronic voting, i.e., the potential of social media in the development of participatory governance is not used efficiently.

4 pages, 3 figures, [EN] We show that marine recreational spearfishers voluntarily organize bottom-up conservation actions. The main goals of these actions are to provide support to research in monitoring fish assemblages, tracking biological invasions or mitigating impacts on the environment, such as those stemming from pollution and littering. We show that such initiatives started more than 20 years ago and are now facilitated by social media networking. We argue that the emergence of bottom-up conservation actions in marine recreational spearfishers should be encouraged, supported and integrated into participatory management plans. This is important to mitigate the potential negative impacts of marine recreational spearfishing and to catalyse broader civil actions for conservation of marine ecosystems, [ES] Los pescadores submarinos recreativos organizan voluntariamente acciones “bottom-up” de conservación del medio ambiente. Los principales objetivos de estas acciones son apoyar a la investigación en el monitoreo de los ecosistemas marinos, detectar especies invasoras o mitigar los impactos sobre el medio ambiente, como los derivados de la contaminación y la basura. Tales iniciativas comenzaron hace más de 20 años y hoy en día podrían ser facilitadas por las redes sociales. El desarrollo de acciones de conservación “bottom-up” en los pescadores submarinos recreativos deben ser alentadas, apoyadas e integradas en los planes de manejo participativo. Esto es importante para mitigar los potenciales impactos negativos de la pesca submarina recreativa y para catalizar acciones civiles más amplias para la conservación de los ecosistemas marinos, V.S. is supported by a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación research fellowship (IJC2018-035389-I) granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)

Compensation schemes are important tools to counteract crop or livestock loss caused by wildlife of conservation concern. We adopted a research action approach that focused on local actors’ knowled...

Celem niniejszego studium przypadku regionalnego Radia Wrocław jest analiza uwarunkowań paralelizmu politycznego w kontekście profesjonalizmu i niezależności dziennikarzy. Zakładano, iż wpływy polityczne Prawa i Sprawiedliwości po 2015 roku znajdują istotne odzwierciedlenie w funkcjonowaniu publicznego Radia Wrocław, a zasady stanowiące o profesjonalizmie zawodowym dziennikarzy tej rozgłośni, w tym klasyczne postawy bezstronności i obiektywizmu, są zagrożone. Istotnymi zmiennymi zależnymi były wartości, z jakimi utożsamiają się dziennikarze (m.in. sukces zawodowy i niezależność), oraz mechanizmy polityki kadrowej. Metody badań: badania ilościowe, przeprowadzone przez autorkę w latach 2011–2012 i 2020 metodą ankietową na dwóch próbach celowych. Analizą objęto także badania fokusowe zrealizowane w 2015 roku przez wrocławską pracownię BEELINE Research & Consulting. Wyniki i wnioski: zmiany wprowadzane w Radiu Wrocław w latach 2016–2019 miały wszechstronny charakter. W kontekście politycznym szczególnie istotne były te dotyczące kadry zarządzającej oraz linii programowej redakcji po 2017 roku. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzone w 2020 roku ukazują konsekwencje tych zmian, w postaci spadku słuchalności oraz pojawienia się nowych – w stosunku do badań z lat 2011–2012 – preferencji w hierarchii wartości dziennikarzy (związanych ze światopoglądem chrześcijańskim). Oryginalność i wartość poznawcza: próba diagnozy zjawiska paralelizmu politycznego w regionalnym radiu publicznym może stanowić cenne wprowadzenie do problematyki komunikowania politycznego z udziałem mediów publicznych. W procesie budowy kapitału społecznego kluczowe znaczenie mają orientacje zawodowe dziennikarzy, stanowiące istotny komponent wiedzy na temat wykorzystania mediów publicznych w zarządzaniu partycypacyjnym. Wyniki analizy tego zagadnienia mogą pomóc w formułowaniu rekomendacjidotyczących rozwiązań legislacyjnych i strategicznych na poziomie regionalnym i krajowym. *Istotne fragmenty niniejszego artykułu, obejmujące charakterystykę Radia Wrocław i wprowadzanychw nim zmian, opublikowałam wcześniej w artykule Pionierska cyfryzacja Radia Wrocław, „Studia i Perspek-tywy Medioznawcze”, 2, 2020, s. 97–113.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente artículo es generar reflexión respecto al compromiso docente de actualizarse en la problemática ambiental e introducir la asignatura Educación Ambiental en el desarrollo de los principales contenidos teóricos y prácticos de los cursos de la Escuela Profesional de Química en la formación de futuros profesionales quienes, además de dominar la ciencia, dentro de su campo y rango de acción, profundicen con el suficiente rigor, el compromiso con el ambiente, además de minimizar las emisiones nocivas que sus actividades generan, para contribuir al desarrollo sostenible. Una forma de incluir los principios de la Educación Ambiental, es mediante la realización de una gestión participativa en las prácticas de laboratorio, en base al principio de reducción en la fuente que, además de ayudar en la preservación ambiental, puede generar beneficios económicos como la disminución del consumo de reactivos del orden del 33,33 al 80 %. Asimismo, en el orden formativo, propicia el ejercicio del pensamiento crítico del estudiante y, motiva su participación activa como ciudadano en cuanto a los problemas ambientales, que no sólo son exclusivos al campo de la tecnología, además, tienen el encargo social de formar valores, actitudes y conductas que influyan en las personas y grupos de su entorno. ABSTRACT This article was written with the objective of stimulating reflection on the commitment of teachers to be updated on environmental issues and introduce the Environmental Education subject in the development of the main theoretical and practical contents of the Professional School Chemistry courses on the training of future professionals. These individuals besides of mastering science in their field and range of action, should deepen in the commitment to the environment with sufficient rigor, besides minimizing the harmful emissions their activities would generate in order to contribute to sustainable development. One way to include the principles of Environmental Education is through participatory management in laboratory practices based on the principle of source reduction which, in addition to helping environmental preservation, can generate economic benefits such as reduction in reagent consumption of order 33.33 to 80 %. Furthermore, it fosters the exercise of the critical thinking of the student and motivates their active participation as a citizen in terms of environmental problems, which are not only exclusive to the field of technology, but it also has the social responsibility of forming values, good habits and behaviors that influence people around them.

Introduction: In order to expand access and quality of primary care, the Ministry of Health launches the Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care, an evaluation system organized in three distinct phases, connected to the increase in resources for Primary Care that aims to structure the work process of professionals working at this level of health care. Objective: To identify, in the perception of Primary Care professionals, the changes produced in their work process after the implementation of the Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care - PMAQ / AB. Methodology: This is an exploratory and descriptive study of a qualitative approach, in a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Participants in the study were senior-level primary care professionals. Focal group technique and data analyzed for content were used. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi - FACISA, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN. Results: : In the professionals' perception, the implementation of the PMAQ took place without the participation of the professionals. Few participants report having meetings with staff to discuss the work process and improvement of indicators, but recognize that the PMAQ has promoted changes in the organization of actions. Challenges have been identified to achieve the indicators that the Program advocates, especially monitoring and evaluation. It was identified as advancement of records books and as backsliders the lack of updating for professionals, in addition to self-assessing fragile oral health. Conclusions: PMAQ is important for the improvement of basic care in SUS; The management needs to favor the support of the teams with participative management, to provide improvement to the professionals of the ESF, to empower the workers so that they can participate like active subjects in the construction of a model of participatory management. Keywords: Primary Health Care; Health planning; Public health. Introducción: Con la intención de ampliar el acceso y la calidad de la atención básica, el Ministerio de Salud lanza el Programa de Mejoras del Acceso y de la Calidad en la Atención Básica – PMAQ-AB, un sistema de evaluación organizado en tres fases distintas, conectado al incremento de recursos para la Atención Básica, que tiene la finalidad de estructurar el proceso laboral de los profesionales que trabajan en este nivel de atención. Objetivo: Identificar, en la percepción de los profesionales de Atención Básica, los cambios producidos en su proceso de trabajo tras la implantación del Programa de Mejoras del Acceso y de la Calidad en la Atención Básica – PMAQ-AB. Metodología: Este es un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado en un municipio ubicado en Río Grande de Norte. Los participantes, objeto del estudio, eran profesionales de la atención primaria con nivel superior. Se utilizó la técnica de grupo focal y los datos analizados respecto al contenido. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Trairi - FACISA, de la Universidad Federal de Río Grande de Norte – UFRN. Resultados: en la percepción de estos profesionales, la implantación del PMAQ se realizó sin su participación. Pocos participantes informan que tienen reuniones con el equipo para discutir el proceso de trabajo y mejora de los indicadores, aunque reconocen que el PMAQ promovió cambios en la organización de las acciones. Como desafíos, se identificó alcanzar los indicadores que el Programa preconiza, especialmente el monitoreo y la evaluación. Se identificó como un avance los libros de registro y como retroceso la falta de actualización para los profesionales, además de la autoevaluación de la salud bucal frágil. Conclusiones: El PMAQ es importante para mejorar la atención básica en el SUS; La administración necesita favorecer el apoyo al personal con gestión participativa, proporcionar perfeccionamiento a los profesionales del ESF, empoderar a los trabajadores para que puedan participar como sujetos activos en la construcción de un modelo de gestión participativa. Palabras clave: Atención primaria de salud; Planificación de la salud; Salud pública. Introdução: Com o intuito de ampliar o acesso e a qualidade da atenção básica, o Ministério da Saúde lança o Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica PMAQ-AB, um sistema de avaliação organizado em três fases distintas, conectado ao incremento de recursos para a Atenção Básica que visa estruturar o processo de trabalho dos profissionais que atuam nesse nível de atenção. Objetivo: Identificar, na percepção dos profissionais da Atenção Básica, as mudanças produzidas no seu processo de trabalho após a implantação do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica-PMAQ/AB. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, em um município do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os participantes do estudo foram os profissionais de nível superior da atenção básica. Utilizou-se da técnica de grupo focal e os dados analisados quanto ao conteúdo. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Ciências da saúde do Trairi - FACISA, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte–UFRN. Resultados: Na percepção dos profissionais a implantação do PMAQ aconteceu sem a participação dos mesmos. Poucos participantes relatam ter reuniões com a equipe para discutir o processo de trabalho e melhoria dos indicadores, mas, reconhecem que o PMAQ promoveu mudanças na organização das ações. Como desafios identificou-se alcançar os indicadores que o Programa preconiza, especialmente o monitoramento e avaliação. Foi identificado como avanço os livros de registros e como retrocessos a falta de atualização para os profissionais, além de autoavaliarem a saúde bucal frágil. Conclusões: O PMAQ é importante para a melhoria da atenção básica no SUS; a gestão necessita favorecer o apoio às equipes com gestão participativa, fornecer aperfeiçoamento aos profissionais da ESF, empoderar os trabalhadores para que possam participar como sujeitos ativos na construção de um modelo de gestão participativa. Palavras-Chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Planejamento em saúde; Saúde pública.

‘Society in the Museum’ (SoMus) is a research project in Sociomuseology that began in 2014 from Portugal. SoMus aims to define four different participatory management models at four local museums p...

This research arose from the need to analyze the school management models that are practiced in the municipal school system. The main objective was to understand if the school management nucleus has been promoting actions in favor of a more effective participation of the school community for the qualitative improvement of the teaching-learning process and if these actions fit in a democratic and participative management model or in a school administration model. To this end, a comparative study was carried out, with a qualitative approach, between two municipal schools in Juazeiro do Norte. Semi-structured interviews and field research for on-site observation were essential to consolidate the results. Lück, Libâneo, Silva, Paro, among others, were crucial for the theoretical foundation. According to the investigation, it was noticed that municipal schools are already able to carry out some actions that are considered to be participatory and democratic. However, these are punctual actions, which need to be improved, enabling more effective community participation in decisions, which will favor the institution in the development of decentralizing activities and of common interest to the entire community. It is worth mentioning that none of them carry out a work based entirely on a model of school administration. However, they still have a long way to go to be considered a truly democratic and participatory model, given that there are still remnants of centralizing actions, but which are already mixed with the participation of segments of education. Keywords: School management; Management Models; Democratic actions.

This correlational survey study examined professional development, participatory management, and teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. The sample size comprised 504 participants selected through a multi-stage sampling technique from 12,745 teachers in 217 public secondary schools. The study was guided by two null hypotheses, tested at 0.05 level of significance. Two researcher-designed instruments namely. Participatory Management and Professional Development Questionnaire (PM/PDQ) and Teachers’ Job Performance Scale (TJPS), were used to collect data. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation statistical tool was used for data analysis. Results showed that teachers’ job performance was significantly and positively related to both professional development and participatory management respectively. The study concluded that teachers’ job performance could be enhanced through these two management intervention strategies. It was therefore, recommended among other things, that concerned authorities should improve on existing teachers’ professional development programmes and encourage participatory management among the teachers. Keywords: management intervention strategies, professional development, participatory management, teachers’ job performance.

This research surveyed some socio-economic activities of communities around Pandam Game Reserve (PGR) central Nigeria to determine their implications for biodiversity Conservation in PGR. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and field observations. Results showed a 100% response to questionnaires administered. Eighty three percent (83%) of the respondents were males while 17% were females. Eighty percent (80%) attended at least primary school level of education while 20% had no form of formal education. Prominent among occupation of respondents was farming with 40% and the occupation of respondents with list response was hunting with 1%. Field observations showed the presence of the following human activities: logging, firewood collection, fishing, farm encroachment, cattle grazing and poaching. The implication of these socio-economic activities in PGR if left uncontrolled could result to biodiversity lost. A multi-stakeholder approach and participatory management of the reserve which will consider the socio-economic concerns of locals have been suggested as a critical component for building cooperation. These if properly exploited is believed will contribute substantially to biodiversity sustainability in PGR. Keywords: Communities, Biodiversity, Conservation, Pandam Game Reserve

Today the Ukrainian state is implementing the public administration reform according to European and international standards. This circumstance determines the need to study the problems of the theory and practice of public administration of national security. By the efforts of domestic scientists, namely: V. Abramov, O. Bortnikova, O. Zozula, H. Savranska, M. Shevchenko, the issue of implementing the participatory function of the national security system of Ukraine is being developed. Today, there are still few works that address the issues of improving the system of ensuring the national security of Ukraine based on the implementation of the idea of participatory management. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the conceptual idea of participatory management as a theoretical prerequisite for improving the national security system of Ukraine. The article analyzes the phenomenon of public administration, examines the structure and functions of the national security system, and defines the problems of organizing participatory management in the field of national security of Ukraine. Methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, and institutional approach were used to solve the research problems. The essence of the idea of participatory management, which consists of the integrity of the management process from the identification of the interests of the individual, community, society to the evaluation of the results of their solutions, is clarified. It is proved that the effective implementation of the participatory function of the national security system solves the problem of public participation in political decision-making and control over the actions of the government, as well as contributes to improving the effectiveness of the national security system.

The article deals with the problem of managing party organizations from the perspective of party members. Using the concept of participatory management (PM), we show the factors correlating with th...

Gaming behaviors are challenges to governments’ performance measurement systems. This paper presents a theory of the ways in which participatory management and goal ambiguity shape gaming behaviors...

This study investigated participatory management for enhancing students' performance in public secondary schools in Rivers State. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population of the study was all the 276 principals and 8,452 teachers in public senior secondary schools as well as 4,455 students’ parents. The sample of the study was 730 respondents, comprising 90 principals, 360 teachers and 280 parents who were selected through the combination of stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Instrument of data collection was 10 items questionnaire titled, “Teachers and Parents Participation in Secondary School Management Questionnaire (TPPSSMQ). The instrument was a validated four-point likert styled, Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). It has a reliability index of 0.82, using Cronbach Alpha Statistical test. The research questions were analysed using mean and standard deviation whereas the hypotheses were tested using z-test statistics at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study revealed that the involvement of teachers in school decision-making would give teachers broader opportunity to make inputs in policy issues that concern effective instructional delivery. The study further showed that the involvement of parents in school decision-making would give them ample platform to offer their advices on how to improve the quality of teaching and learning. Based on the findings, the study recommended that school managers should give teachers meaningful opportunities to make inputs, that such opportunities will empower them to take decisions on issues affecting their work performance and productivity for enhanced students' achievement. Furthermore, school authorities should accord parents’ opportunities to offer their advices on how to enhance resource accountability to foster efficient school management and quality teaching and learning in the school.

This study is part of a project where we discuss the profile of public school managers in western Paraná. We aim to present and debate the participatory management guidelines developed in the educational policies of the State of Paraná. The qualitative research based on literature review and data analysis from the Prova Brasil contextual questionnaires answered by the managers of state schools. As results we have notes about the reduction of the role of the State in education, decentralizing part of the financial management of schools while maintaining the centrality in the control of processes. Este estudio es parte de un proyecto donde discutimos el perfil de los administradores de escuelas públicas en el oeste de Paraná. Nuestro objetivo es presentar y debatir las pautas de gestión participativa desarrolladas em las políticas educativas del Estado de Paraná. La investigación cualitativa basada em la revisión de la literatura y el análisis de datos de los cuestionarios contextuales de Prova Brasil respondidos por los gerentes de la educación, descentralizando parte de la gestión financeira de las escuelas manteniendo la centralidade em el control de los processos Este estudo é parte de um projeto onde discutimos o perfil dos gestores de escolas públicas do oeste do Paraná. Objetivamos apresentar e debater os encaminhamentos de gestão participativa desenvolvida nas políticas educacionais do Estado do Paraná. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo pautado em revisão bibliográfica e análise de dados oriundo dos questionários contextuais da Prova Brasil respondidos pelos gestores de escolas estaduais. Como resultados temos apontamentos quanto a redução do papel do Estado na educação, descentralizando parte da gestão financeira das escolas mantendo a centralidade no controle dos processos.

O turismo constitui-se uma prática de relevante contribuição socioeconômica e cultural para o desenvolvimento local. Entretanto, é necessário que haja planejamento e estruturação das áreas de conservação, para que não cause danos ao meio ambiente. Assim, este estudo objetiva analisar a contribuição do turismo no desenvolvimento local, da região do Parque Ecológico Cachoeira do Urubu entre os municípios de Batalha e Esperantina-PI , investigando se as intervenções ocorrem de forma sustentável ao ambiente e a população envolvida. Utilizou-se para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, uma pesquisa bibliográfica, bem como observação in loco e conversas informais com os proprietários de estabelecimentos no local. Constatou-se que o turismo é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento social, econômico e cultural, todavia, precisa ser alicerçada de um planejamento adequado com gestão participativa, para resultar em benefícios tanto para a preservação do meio ambiente natural, quanto dos turistas e a população local envolvida.

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a capacidade das indústrias moveleiras da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, em atender aos requisitos das certificações de cadeia de custódia do Forest Council Stewardship (FSC). Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de questionários contendo informações sobre a certificação florestal (administração participativa, capacitação dos funcionários, documentação legal da empresa, fornecedores certificados, rastreabilidade da matéria-prima e relatório de movimentação de certificação). Os questionários foram preenchidos durante visitas às empresas, respondidos pelo responsável do setor de projeto e produção. Os requisitos “disposição de licenças e outros documentos legais”, “disponibilidade de um responsável pelo processo de certificação de cadeia de custódia” e “capacitação de funcionários”, que necessitam de custos e que exigem procedimentos burocráticos para cumprimento, foram os que mais interferiram para que as empresas não obtivessem o certificado de cadeia de custódia. O requisito-chave “rastreabilidade da matéria-prima” não apresentou complexidade de cumprimento, visto que todas as indústrias afirmaram ter capacidade em atendê-lo. Em relação à norma de certificação de cadeia de custódia, a maioria das indústrias moveleiras da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro consegue cumprir os requisitos exigidos.

Over the past 50 years, the diversity of fisheries types being actively managed has changed from mainly data-rich, industrial sectors to more socially, economically, and environmentally complex multispecies and multisector fisheries. Accompanying this change has been a broadening of management objectives to include social and economic considerations with traditional resource sustainability objectives, the so-called triple bottom line, and the need to include these considerations into harvest strategies. The case of a line fishery in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is used as a demonstration of the first steps in implementing triple bottom line harvest strategies. This fishery has several disparate sectors including commercial, tourism, and recreation; targets multiple but important reef species; and is undertaken in a World Heritage Site. This work highlights the need for a much-expanded set of objectives elicited from stakeholders that are either included in the trade-off analyses of the different harvest strategies or directly in an optimization. Both options demonstrated that a paradigm shift is required to emphasize representative participatory management systems that assemble teams from quite different backgrounds and viewpoints; use much broader set of objectives; and modify tools and (especially) the data collected within revised monitoring programmes to underpin these tools.

This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration and implementation of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Benin, with a focus on the case of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières”. By analyzing the historical background of forest management systems in Benin, we highlighted two major turning points. The first relates to the creation and autocratic management of protected forests, which took place from 1940 to 1990. The second change took place after the Rio conference in 1992, and this emphasized the importance of local communities in natural resources management. Moreover, the results of our strategic analysis of stakeholders involved in the specific case of Participatory Forest Management Plan (PFMP) of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières” showed that it is important to emphasize on active community participation while designing a participatory management plan and for decision making at the implementation stage. We also observed that alliances between foresters and timber loggers are likely to hinder the achievement of the PFM objectives.

This paper summarizes the lessons learnt for the management of small pelagic fish from the case study of managing the international fishery on the Bay of Biscay anchovy. A constant catch regime ended up with a fishery crash and closure (2005–2009) after a series of recruitment failures. Precautionary advices had been disregarded due to their inability to predict the size of the population during the first half of the year when the major fishery takes place. The crash triggered the EU to develop a long-term management plan in 2008. In the absence of a recruitment indicator, biological risk was minimized through a close coupling between assessment, advice and management, changing the management year to start just after the spring surveys on adults. A major improvement arrived in 2014 by the incorporation of an early recruitment indicator from an autumn acoustic survey on juveniles. This allowed additional exploitation of the resource at similar risk levels. Accordingly, TACs are nowadays set after the recruit survey on a management calendar basis. The interactive collaboration between fishers, scientists, and managers allowed inclusion of the stakeholders’ preferences for a biomass-based catch bounded harvest strategy suitable for these valuable fisheries. This strategy allows catches between a minimum and maximum TAC level, to account for an economically viable minimum activity when approaching a minimum biomass threshold level, and for the limited market absorption capacity when exceeding an upper biomass threshold level, respectively. Such strategy was adopted by consensus and supposed a successful participatory process in fishery management., This work has been carried out with the financial support of the Basque Government (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) to the authors affiliated at AZTI, the European Commission through the STECF (Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries) meetings and the EU through the funding of several projects, as PRONE (Precautionary risk methodology in fisheries -- Contract No. 022589), CEVIS (Comparative Evaluations of Innovative Solutions in European fisheries management -- Contract No. 022686) and UNCOVER (Understanding the mechanisms of stock recovery -- Contract No. 022717). This is publication number 1149 from the Marine Research Division of AZTI.

Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 2, 6, 35-58