Search

Most often understood as the generation of novel and useful ideas and their implementation, research on creativity and innovation has mushroomed in recent years. Although these studies provided useful insights into how organizations can enhance both phenomena, there is a growing consensus in the literature suggesting that rather than inherently beneficial, creativity and innovation are in fact ripe with tensions and competing demands. These tensions may put individuals and teams under pressure as they try to a) come up with novel, but also useful and implementable ideas, b) complete their core tasks efficiently, but also suggest novel and useful ideas for their improvement, and c) bring uniqueness to the table, but at the same time form cohesive collectives. In this integrative review, we illustrate these tensions with research evidence and provide recommendations about how we can manage them in order to benefit from individual and team creative and innovative efforts.

International audience; Patient-centered care (PCC) in French hospitals has become highly topical. As it challenges people's roles and positions in the health care system, it generates tensions that can produce paradoxes when elements perceived as contradictory are both present and persistent. However, the actors most often learn to deal with them. The aim of this research is to examine how actors cope with the paradoxes created by PCC. Linking the theory of paradox to the concepts of situated action and object agency, this paper studies the orthopedics department of a major PCC public hospital in Paris based on shadowing, interviews and secondary documents. It highlights three ways in which technical objects play a key role in managing belonging, learning, organizing and performing paradoxes generated by PCC: enactment, mediation and interpretive flexibility. It thus extends the dynamic equilibrium model of organizing in the theory of paradox developed by Smith and Lewis (2011).

Resumo Cada vez mais, as pesquisas sobre a gestão de organizações culturais se destacam, à medida que reconhecemos as contribuições simbólicas e materiais da economia criativa para o desenvolvimento das sociedades contemporâneas. Contudo, carecemos de uma visão integrada e robusta dessa gestão, baseada numa caracterização clara do campo e de suas singularidades. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a produção acadêmica sobre gestão de organizações culturais e demarcar um horizonte conceitual-teórico fecundo para estimular a pesquisa futura. A metodologia é baseada numa revisão sistemática de produções acadêmicas publicadas nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Os resultados da pesquisa incluem a elaboração de três categorias integradoras da produção acadêmica: perspectivas sobre questões centrais na pesquisa sobre organizações culturais (técnico-operacional e política), as singularidades dessas organizações (hipersensibilidade, hipertensão e hiperincerteza) e o paradoxo como um eixo teórico-conceitual crucial para melhorar o conhecimento sobre as organizações culturais. Os resultados propõem uma agenda para pesquisas futuras com base no conceito de paradoxo. Resumen Cada vez más, la investigación sobre la gestión de las organizaciones culturales se destaca al reconocer las contribuciones simbólicas y materiales de la economía creativa al desarrollo de las sociedades contemporáneas. Sin embargo, necesitamos una visión integrada y robusta de esta gestión basada en una clara caracterización del campo y sus singularidades. El propósito de este artículo es caracterizar la producción académica sobre la gestión de las organizaciones culturales y trazar un horizonte conceptual-teórico fructífero para estimular futuras investigaciones. La metodología se basa en una revisión sistemática de publicaciones académicas en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales. Los resultados de la investigación incluyen el desarrollo de categorías que integran la producción académica, que se encuentran en forma de perspectivas de análisis (técnico-operativas y políticas) y singularidades (hipersensibilidad, hipertensión e hiperincertidumbre) de las organizaciones culturales. Los resultados proporcionan una agenda para futuras investigaciones basadas en el concepto de paradoja. Abstract Research on the management of cultural organizations is increasingly gaining interest as we recognize the symbolic and material contributions of the creative economy to the development of contemporary societies. However, we lack an integrated and robust vision of such management, a vision based on a clear characterization of the field and its singularities. This article aims to characterize the academic production on the management of cultural organizations and outline a fruitful conceptual-theoretical horizon to stimulate future research. The methodology is based on a systematic review of academic production published in national and international databases. The analysis of the literature revealed the emergence of three categories: the perspectives about the central issues of the research on cultural organizations (from the technical-operational and political viewpoints), these organizations’ singularities (hypersensitivity, hypertension, and hyper-uncertainty), and the paradox as a crucial theoretical-conceptual axis to increase knowledge of cultural organizations. The results provide an agenda for future research based on the concept of paradox.

Objectives The aims of the article focus on an evolutionary and retrospective look at the reality of contemporary public management in Poland in the second decade of the 21st century and considering the reality of public management in the convention of paradoxes and dilemmas. Material and methods We base our narrative on the method of direct observation and discussion of experts who have been dealing with the efficiency of functioning of public administration for many years, including local and state administration. Results As a result of the analysis, recommendations were formulated to increase the efficiency of modern public management in Poland. Conclusions As the research and observations conducted by the authors of the study show, management in the public sector is often determined by the struggle for domination between particular parties, politicians or persons performing public functions. If a few years ago you could meet representatives of public sector organizations at various levels at scientific conferences, now this phenomenon is an exception and the conducted research, results of these studies and recommendations that critically describe the surrounding reality are rejected. Therefore, showing the surrounding reality during classes in schools and universities, as well as relating it to history and emphasizing the resulting paradigms seems most appropriate.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to generate an empirically informed theoretical framework which can be used to analyze the relationship between gender and innovation in the context of a municipality. The authors present and analyze three illustrative tales from a feminist perspective. The authors thus offer a more balanced approach to the conceptualization of gendered ascriptions with respect to the possible outcomes of innovation work in a public context.Design/methodology/approachAn ethnographic account which employed “shadowing” as a method of observation.FindingsThe article presents a debate on how the social construction of gender and innovation can be placed in the context of a municipal reality. Our analysis reveals how the complexities of a gendered work life within a municipality can create paradoxes. A constructionism approach was used in the identification of hidden and unspoken paradoxes that exist in public spheres.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors used empirical tales from a very specific context, namely a Swedish municipality. The central implication of this study is the recognition of innovation as being masculine-gendered within the feminine context. This implication thereby deepens our understanding of gender paradoxes in the public sector.Practical implicationsThis study provides insights to practitioners who intend to work with innovation in a public organization.Social implicationsThe social implications of this study is that when a male-gendered concept like innovation is implemented in a female-gendered context, like a municipality, it is of importance to contextualize the concept.Originality/valueThe empirical value of examples of a gendered work landscape at a Swedish municipality.

This article proposes a new typology between professional and voluntary care, thus seeking to understand why attempts to establish clear boundaries between them often end in ambiguity and frustration. We argue that because both forms of care represent their own unique and paradoxical ways of combining formal and relational care principles, any attempt to fix the boundaries between them and create the sense of a predictable world usually proves challenging. As such, we show that the two different care practices, in fact, have severe difficulties drawing their boundaries on their own terms. Finally, we consider how these insights might enhance efforts to manage collaborations between professional and voluntary care delivery.

Control-trust dynamics are fundamental to organizational life, but managers struggle to balance them because these dynamics draw on opposing mechanisms. Past research has mainly assumed that substitution and complementarity constitute key control-trust dynamics, which has limited scholars' understanding of why these dynamics are difficult to balance and how managers deal with them over time. We explore managers' responses to paradoxical control-trust dynamics. We conducted a longitudinal case study of how managers in a pharmaceutical company dealt with these dynamics in an interorganizational relationship with a university and a biotech firm. Our findings show (a) a new category of response to control-trust dynamics beyond substitution and complementarity (the More-Than), (b) three new enacted responses beyond balancing (paradoxical thinking, fulfilling promises, and transcending), and (c) a governance path that managers' responses evolve over time. Our findings suggest that managers' responses to paradoxical control-trust dynamics ensure the performance and endurance of interorganizational relationships.

Les travaux sur l’innovation collaborative suscitent l’intérêt croissant de nombreux académiques, professionnels et responsables politiques. Ce concept, pourtant proche de celui bien connu d’innovation ouverte, reste peu exploré dans la littérature. Il est en effet question de s’intéresser davantage aux approches relationnelles entre les organisations au détriment d’une approche plus rationnelle et normative. Sous l’angle des paradoxes que suscitent la mise en oeuvre de l’innovation collaborative dans différents contextes, nous mettons en lumière divers questionnements associés à cette notion (création de valeur, pratique des PME, organisation interne/externe, espaces ouverts de collaboration, technologies numériques et politiques publiques). Notre objectif est d’offrir de nouvelles perspectives de recherche représentant un renouvellement des premières vagues des recherches sur l’innovation ouverte, The concept of collaborative innovation is attracting growing interest from many academics, professionals and policy makers. Although close to the well-known concept of open innovation, this concep remains little explored in the literature. Indeed, the topic is to focuse more on relational approaches between organisations then to a more rational and normative approach. From the point of view of the paradoxes arising from the implementation of collaborative innovation in different contexts, we highlight various issues associated with this concept (value creation, SME practice, internal/external organisation, open collaborative spaces, digital technologies and public policies). Our aim is offering new research perspectives representing a renewal of the first waves of research on open innovation, El concepto de innovación colaborativa está atrayendo un interés creciente de muchos académicos, profesionales y responsables políticos. Aunque cercano al conocido concepto de innovación abierta, este concepto sigue siendo poco explorado en la literatura. De hecho, el tema es centrarse más en los enfoques relacionales entre organizaciones y luego en un enfoque más racional y normativo. Desde el punto de vista de las paradojas que surgen de la implementación de la innovación colaborativa en diferentes contextos, destacamos varias cuestiones asociadas a este concepto (creación de valor, práctica de las PYMES, organización interna/externa, espacios abiertos de colaboración, tecnologías digitales y políticas públicas). Nuestro objetivo es ofrecer nuevas perspectivas de investigación que representen una renovación de las primeras oleadas de investigación sobre la innovación abierta

Funding: Work on this article has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement no. 675415. In this paper, I offer a close reading of Wittgenstein's remarks on inconsistency, mostly as they appear in the Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics. I focus especially on an objection to Wittgenstein's view given by Alan Turing, who attended the lectures, the so called ‘falling bridges’-objection. Wittgenstein's position is that if contradictions arise in some practice of language, they are not necessarily fatal to that practice nor necessitate a revision of that practice. If we then assume that we have adopted a paraconsistent logic, Wittgenstein's answer to Turing is that if we run into trouble building our bridge, it is either because we have made a calculation mistake or our calculus does not actually describe the phenomenon it is intended to model. The possibility of either kind of error is not particular to contradictions nor to inconsistency, and thus contradictions do not have any special status as a thing to be avoided. Postprint

Engineering Systems Design is an emerging perspective with a growing community. The preceding chapters in the Handbook of Engineering Systems Design presented the engineering systems perspective, models for describing and methods for designing interventions in engineering systems, as well as reflections on the use of those methods and upcoming practice, educational and policy challenges. In this chapter, we are taking a look at the future of Engineering Systems Design. We start by highlighting productivity, sustainability and resilience as three societal objectives, and proceed to discuss critical paradoxes we must address through engineering systems interventions: providing a high standard of living for everyone, without paying the environmental price; a fast minimisation and mitigation of climate change without taking risks; and the challenge of global transformations respecting local needs. We continue to discuss what we consider three critical engineering systems design capabilities we must develop to resolve these paradoxes: the ability to manage systems requirements at societal scale; the development of scale-covariant engineering systems; and mastering connectability. We conclude the chapter with a call to action for researchers, practitioners and policy makers to advance theory, design methods and tools, and stakeholder outreach development to strengthen our engineering systems design capabilities.

Статья посвящена рассмотрению парадокса целостности человека исходя из его двуединой природы и критической способности быть в неоднозначной множественности ее проявления в среде «между» оппозициями в событиях реальности или умозаключении. Такая позиция фиксируется как установка на осознанное и оперативное вхождение в зафиксированную парадоксальную ситуацию. Последняя дает возможность указать критическую значимость сложностных представлений о человеке в «бытии единичного множественного» в качестве порождающего критериального ряда конвергентного оценивания смысла существования человека. В контексте онтогенетического ракурса ставится задача условного раздвоения креативного дискурса на «быть о» и на «быть в» в качестве доминанты парадоксальности смыслообразования целостности человека. Существование альтернативных ответов на поставленные вопросы свидетельствует о философичности самого вопрошания, которое в антропологическом развороте обращается к возможностям трансдисциплинарного измерения особенностей триединства основания, обоснования и обоснованности становления, проблемно сочетающего между собой человеческое (духовное) в телесно организованном человеке. Сочетание несочетаемого – это парадоксальный конфигуратор сложноорганизованной целостности человека, который выстраивает ее проектную незавершенность конкретной универсальности. Уровень экзистенциального напряжения концентрируется в решении проблем в феноменальном пространстве «между» во взаимодействии и условных решениях в ответе на вопрос «кто мы такие». В просвете мысли-чувства реализуется способность рефлексировать в сознании и о самосознании через семиосферу в переходах (переводах) (прямо и косвенно) в знаке, слове, фразе, тексте, в речи и поступке, ориентируясь на ускользающий горизонт предельных культурно-цивилизационных ценностностей существования, выраженных вербально и невербально. Рекурсивная обращаемость к началу, которое всегда впереди, выступает в многообразии форм осознанности парадоксальной предопределенности (преадаптации, прои контркреации и др.) критериев способности быть как попытки критико-рефлексивного «самосознания» рационализма., The article is devoted to the consideration of the paradox of human integrity, based on its dual nature and critical ability to be in the ambiguous multiplicity of its manifestation in the environment of “between” oppositions in the events of reality or inference. This position is fixed in the article as an attitude towards conscious and prompt entry into a fixed paradoxical situation. The latter makes it possible to indicate the critical importance of complex ideas about a person in the “being of the singular multiple” as a generative criterion series of convergent assessment of the meaning of human existence. The task is set in the context of the ontogenetic perspective of the conditional bifurcation of creative discourse into “being about” and “being in” as the dominant of the paradoxical meaning formation of human integrity. The existence of alternative answers to the questions raised speaks of the philosophic nature of the questioning itself, which in an anthropological turn refers to the possibilities of transdisciplinary measurement of the features of the trinity of foundation, justification and validity of becoming, problematically combining the human (spiritual) in a bodily organized person. The combination of the incongruous is a paradoxical configurator of a complexly organized human integrity, which builds its design incompleteness of concrete universality. The level of existential tension is concentrated in solving problems in the phenomenal space “between” in interaction and conditional solutions in answering the question “who are we” (H. Arendt). In the lumen of thought-feeling, the ability to reflect in consciousness and about self-consciousness through the semiosphere is realized in transitions (translations) (directly and indirectly) in a sign, word, phrase, text, speech and deed, focusing on the elusive horizon of the ultimate cultural and civilizational values of existence, expressed verbally and nonverbally. Recursive reversibility to the beginning, which is always ahead, appears in a variety of forms of awareness of paradoxical predestination (preadaptation, pro-counter-creation, etc.) of the criteria of the ability to be, as attempts of critical-reflexive “self-consciousness” of rationalism.

This study explores the idea of a significant business, framing it through the key concepts that define it and illustrating it through a case study that narrates the evolution of a century-old company. Born as an intellectual response to the economic and financial crisis of 2008, the significant business is conceived as an entity capable of enduring over time through the creation of value and its distribution within the community in which it operates. The significant business should be also aware of its own identity and of the need to innovate itself over time considering the synergies and the collaborations that the territory offers, to continue to create wealth. This contribution is part of a series of works that, resulting from numerous action-research projects coordinated by Professor Carlo Bagnoli, have seen as protagonists the companies and their strategic innovation. The starting point of many of these projects is the Manifesto of the Significant Company (Bagnoli et al. 2015), which aims at imagining a business model able to explore and innovate the company to increase its competitiveness, and also to restore meaning to the company itself, through the definition of its own identity. Contributing to previous works, this book explores the idea of significant enterprise by adopting a business and a historical perspective. The first part of the book deals with the business perspective, to introduce the value model commonly used in action research studies undertaken by the spin-off Strategy Innovation of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, and to describe the specific model of a significant business. The second part of the book narrates the story of a centuries-long business, Barovier&Toso, exploring its evolutions. Focusing on the different perspectives that shaped the key concepts and narrating the path followed by a centenary company, this work hopes to shed further light on this fascinating theme together with the reader.

The article is focused on the role that the question of neoliberalism plays in Axel Honneth’s work. The author aims to show that when Honneth tries to conceptualize the very nature of the neolibera...

Orientador: Itala Maria Loffredo D'Ottaviano Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo a análise de um resultado em lógica aléticoepistêmica, divulgado por Frederic Fitch em 1963, conhecido como Paradoxo da Cognoscibilidade. Segundo este resultado, se todas verdades podem ser conhecidas, então todas verdades são conhecidas. Isto sugere que há alguma verdade impossível de ser conhecida. Descrevemos, nesta dissertação, a lógica modal alética e a epistêmica, que consistem em recursos formais requeridos para a análise do Paradoxo. Também esclarecemos o papel deste no debate filosófico entre as correntes de pensamento realistas e antirealistas. Apontamos e analisamos duas propostas de solução do Paradoxo mais discutidas na literatura. Como principal ojetivo desta dissertação, investigamos o Paradoxo da Cognoscibilidade em sistemas multiagentes. Demonstramos que, apesar de em tais sistemas o Paradoxo ser minimizado, ele ainda não é completamente resolvido. Por fim, também apresentamos várias formas de obter a contraparte doxástica do Resultado, conhecida como Paradoxo da Credibilidade Abstract: This text studies a result in epistemic-alethic logic, published by Frederic Fitch in 1963, known as Knowability Paradox. According to this result, if all truths are knowable, then all truths are known. This suggests there are unknowable truths. We describe alethic and epistemic modal logics, which are formal resources required in order to study the paradox. Also, we examine its role in the philosophical debate between realists and anti-realists. We point out and analize two attempts to solve the Paradox. The main aim of this text is to explore the Knowability Paradox in multi-agents systems. We shoe that, although in these systems the Paradox is weaker, it's not entirely solved. We also show many ways to derive the doxastic counterpart of the result, known as Belivability Paradox Mestrado Filosofia Mestre em Filosofia

Plato’s “Socratic paradoxes” state that no one does wrong voluntarily and that virtue is knowledge. Outside of moral psychology, the importance of the Socratic paradoxes has been neglected. My dissertation defends two related proposals that showcase their importance in ancient epistemology. The first proposal is that they are a major motivation for Plato to develop a unique view of epistēmē (knowledge or understanding) as an infallible and robust cognitive power that is set over a special class of objects. The second proposal is that understanding the influence of the Socratic paradoxes can help us see how epistēmē improves our doxai (beliefs or opinions) about the world around us, solving a long-standing problem in Plato’s epistemology. I will start by examining the Hippias Minor, in which we see Plato seeking to embrace the Socratic paradoxes (rather than already assuming them) and looking to develop his notion of epistēmē as a result. I will then move to the Protagoras, in order to show Plato proceeding with this project by embracing epistēmē as something that produces good action and involves measurement. I will show the Protagoras’ picture to be fully developed in the Republic, in which epistēmē emerges as something that measures the truth of our doxai and has clear practical benefits as a result. Finally, I will compare this account to Aristotle’s treatment of virtue and epistēmē in the Eudemian Ethics, in order to consider the legacy of the Socratic paradoxes after Plato.

This article is a translation into Spanish of Wendy Brown's article “Suffering rights as paradoxes,” originally published inConstellations in 2000. In this paper, the author considers the difficult relation between selected feminist ambitions and rights discourse in the United States. This translation is part of the dossier “Feminist Political Theory: Tensions, Dilemmas and Debates,” published in Las Torres de Lucca, International Journal of Political Philosophy in July 2020. Este texto es una traducción al castellano de “Suffering rights as paradoxes” de Wendy Brown, publicado originalmente en Constellations en el 2000. En este artículo la autora se propone reflexionar en torno la difícil relación entre algunas de las demandas del feminismo y el discurso de los derechos en Estados Unidos. La presente traducción forma parte del dossier “Teoría política feminista: tensiones, dilemas y debates,” publicado en Las Torres de Lucca, Revista Internacional de Filosofía Política en julio de 2020.

En aquest treball es mostren les paradoxes a les quals condueix l’adopció unilateral d’un model d’interpretació de les ombres: el model «màgic» i el model «il·lustrat». Es proposa, també, el terreny de la descripció fenomenològica com l’àmbit que ha de permetre superar aquestes unilateralitats, i s’indiquen vies de sortida dels diversos embolics a què condueixen., The present work shows the paradoxes that lead the unilateral adoption of a model for the interpretation of shadows: the “magic” model and the “enlightenment” model. The scope of the phenomenological description is also proposed as the field that must allow to overcome these unilateralities, and we propose ways of overcome the various messes they drive.

Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert die literatur- und erinnerungsgeschichtlichen Entwicklungen, die seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges für die literarische und literarhistorische Auseinandersetzung mit der Problematik der Shoah bestimmend wurden und an denen sich eine junge Generation von Autorinnen und Autoren in Polen und Deutschland inzwischen kritisch abarbeitet. Der Beitrag geht zuerst den dominierenden Paradigmen des literarischen Shoah-Diskurses, d.h. dem Darstellungsverbot und dem Topos der Unsagbarkeit nach, um dann die methodischen Probleme, die sich aus dem Gebot des Schweigens und dem individuellen und moralischen Zeugnisbedürfnis ergeben, zu erörtern. Die Paradoxien in der literarischen Erinnerungsgeschichte werden im abschließenden Teil an der essayistischen Erzählung von Doron Rabinovici Gedenken ist vergessen (2008) exemplifiziert., This article depicts those literary and historical-memorial trends which, since the end of the World War II, have shaped the methods of approaching the problem of the Shoah in literature and which young generations of writers from Germany and Poland are critical of, even today. In the Introduction, the article takes into account the main paradigms of the literary discourse about the Shoah, i.e. the ban on any presentations of the topic and the topos of its ineffability; it then addresses the methodological problems that arise from this decree of silence and from the individual and moral need to provide testimony. The paradoxes of shaping literary memory are shown in the final part of the article, based on the tale by Doron Rabinovici entitled Gedenken ist vergessen [Reminiscence has been forgotten].

Cette contribution se divise en six sections. Après une première partie qui présente la problématique, la deuxième se penche sur les principes théoriques notamment la notion de participation, d’un point de vue communicationnel, dans une grande organisation. Dans la troisième partie, nous nous intéressons plus précisément à la question des paradoxes de la participation. Puis, en quatrième partie, nous exposons les principes méthodologiques tirés de la méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée qui ont permis la réalisation de cette recherche, laquelle se campe dans la sphère de la communication des organisations. Ensuite, en cinquième partie, nous exposons des résultats préliminaires d’une analyse de données recueillies lors d’une étude réalisée sur une grande organisation canadienne. Nous y montrons des données simples tirées d’opinions, d’impressions et de commentaires divers à propos de cette organisation; ces données mettent en valeur un des modes d’expression utilisés par les divers participants orbitant tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de cette organisation. Nous concluons, en sixième partie, par une analyse explicative des résultats obtenus sous forme de recommandations possibles aux grandes organisations.

In some recent articles, Cobreros, Egré, Ripley, & van Rooij have defended the idea that abandoning transitivity may lead to a solution to the trouble caused by semantic paradoxes. For that purpose, they develop the Strict-Tolerant approach, which leads them to entertain a nontransitive theory of truth, where the structural rule of Cut is not generally valid. However, that Cut fails in general in the target theory of truth does not mean that there are not certain safe instances of Cut involving semantic notions. In this article we intend to meet the challenge of answering how to regain all the safe instances of Cut, in the language of the theory, making essential use of a unary recovery operator. To fulfill this goal, we will work within the so-called Goodship Project, which suggests that in order to have nontrivial naïve theories it is sufficient to formulate the corresponding self-referential sentences with suitable biconditionals. Nevertheless, a secondary aim of this article is to propose a novel way to carry this project out, showing that the biconditionals in question can be totally classical. In the context of this article, these biconditionals will be essentially used in expressing the self-referential sentences and, thus, as a collateral result of our work we will prove that none of the recoveries expected of the target theory can be nontrivially achieved if self-reference is expressed through identities. Fil: Barrio, Eduardo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas - Sadaf; Argentina Fil: Pailos, Federico Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas - Sadaf; Argentina Fil: Szmuc, Damián Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas - Sadaf; Argentina

In the challenge of making transports and logistics greener, logistics service providers (LSPs) play a central role as the operators of freight transport. Their customers, the shippers, also play an important role in environmental development. Research has identified discrepancies between LSPs and shippers in their environmental practices. This paper takes a relational approach addressing these discrepancies, and the purpose is to develop the understanding of why environmental practices can both flourish and fade in provider-shipper relationships and networks. Paradoxes provide a theoretical lens, while an in-depth case study of two networks provides the empirical basis for the paper. The networks include relationships between LSPs and shippers. Findings show that paradoxes help to raise contextual awareness in the greening of these relationships. Paradoxes in many instances cause environmental practices to fade. One example is when an LSP's environmental ambition gives opportunities for environmental practices, but is limited by the financial goals of the shippers. Findings also indicate that if there are possibilities to relax the paradoxes, environmental practices may instead flourish in the relationships. One example of such a relaxation is environmental competence sustained and cultivated by an LSP, since such competence can increase the power position of the LSP. Funding agencies: Swedish Retail and Wholesale Council; Swedish Energy Agency [P34035-1]; Ragnar Soderberg Foundation

The range and capabilities of multiple new media require us to master paradoxical aspects of their uses and implications. Furthermore, those same media may also come to master us, through those paradoxes. Based on prior literature, we develop a four-component taxonomy of sites of media mastery (technology, technology-use, social contexts, and individual aspects). We apply and extend this framework to analyze summaries of focus group comments from students in a Norwegian and a U.S. university about their experiences attempting to master computers and mobile phones. From these results, we apply thematic analysis to identify five paradoxes associated with the use of these devices throughout the media mastery taxonomy as well as a tension between using media convergence or media comparison to master multiple new media.

In this paper, I delve on Nietzsche’s concept of perspectivism and how it becomes relevant amid contemporary society’s openness to relative standpoints. The foremost era that reflects this description points to postmodernism as a politics of difference. Nietzsche’s perspectivism is generally a critique of the conditions that absolutize truth. While this may seem a valiant opening for a welcoming era on an epistemological standpoint, it does not however do away with its own paradoxes. I contend whether this fits well with postmodernism and its ironic relationship to truth and asserts further that the conditions for Nietzsche’s perspectivism can only achieve its future if it hermeneutically stands as political consensus. Later, I will present the features of this perspectivism as political consensus and how it can be viable in postmodernity.

Conceptual system developed in optimal control theory for technical purposes is used as a philosophical instrument applied to cyclic information processes, which are expected to be the basis of noosphere. Noosphere was perceived by the founding fathers of this concept, Vernadsky, Teilhard de Chardin, e.a. as an outgrowth of the evolutionary process, which begins with cosmogenesis and proceeds through geosphere and biosphere. We attempt to apply the optimal control concepts to all three levels – geospheric, biospheric, and noospheric – due to their having a common structure of information processes (or entropic processes considered as proto-information). These processes include homeostasis, accumulation and expenditure of information, formation of hierarchical information structures, evolution involving the breaks of homeostasis etc. In noosphere, controlled system may have the same informational capabilities as controlling system, so that the term “dialog” is more adequate; in this case, we extend optimal control description to game theory. The cyclic, feedback logic of optimal control seems better adapted to noospheric processes than usual causeeffect logic. This second part of the paper proceeds from the geo- and biospheric levels discussed in the first part to the noospheric level. The basic structure at this level is the fusion of natural matter/energy cycles characteristic for geosphere with anthropogenic information cycles, which extend information accumulation and adaptation inherited from biospheric level into reflective realm. The basic type of informational interaction between these structures is construed in perspective of game theory between reflective players. Its essential feature is the interaction between reflective images that each player forms of other players and of oneself. We describe the nontrivial information flows that can arise in a distributed global system of such structures, including complex interactions between collective and individual levels and paradoxes. We analyze the role of science as the carrier of the “rational model”, on which this entire system is based, and the impact on this model of the sociobiological background of science inherited from the biospheric level. We also discuss the role of natural language as an alternative noospheric structure capable of supporting the irrational components of the noosphere. City is discussed as an example of an emerging structure integrating the basic noospheric components, albeit in an inchoate form. Finally, we consider the reflective identities (“I”), which may emerge in noosphere, and the relevant ethical issues.

Due to their frontline position to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the professional and personal life of nurses was severely disrupted. To understand and describe their lived experiences and perceptions during the pandemic’s first wave in France, we interviewed 49 nurses, including 16 nursing students, and 48 of their family members from June to July 2020. Using a purposeful sampling, the semi-structured interviews were scripted according to Abric’s method with probing questions. The interview analysis led to the identification of six paradoxical perceptions concerning the pandemic’s consequences: the Silence Paradox, the Hero Paradox, the Workforce Paradox, the Learning Paradox, the Symbolic Exchange Paradox, and the Uncertainty Paradox. However, despite different experiences, the nurses perceived their frontline position both as a burden jeopardizing their safety and well-being and as a spotlight of nurses’ tough working conditions. Indeed, because they were in the frontline position, nurses and nursing students were psychologically vulnerable, even more so when they felt alone and inadequately protected. Besides, their families were vulnerable too, as they were also exposed to the consequences of the nurses’ frontline engagement. Thus, to preserve their safety and well-being, institutions should also provide them with better organizational support and inclusive leadership, without neglecting their families.

The concept of human rights has beenissued since the seventeenth century in the international community. Humanrights during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were evaluated under thesovereignty, but with the adoption of the Universal Declaration of HumanRights. Human rights abuses are the main problem in the states although Thestates are responsible to protect any individual who lives in its territory.Although states have responsibility to protect their citizens or other peoplefrom any threat or human rights abuses, states are the main violator of thehuman rights. There is a dilemma in the human rights in terms of statesresponsibility and its role. This article identifies the human rights andstates paradoxes., İnsan Hakları kavramı 17. yüzyıldan bu yana uluslararası toplumun konularından birisidir. 17. ve 18. yüzyıllar sırasında insan hakları devletin egemenlik hakları altında değerlendirilmekteydi. Devletler kendi toprakları içerisinde yaşayan her bireyi korumakla yükümlü ve sorumlu olmasına rağmen, insan hakları ihlalleri devletlerin ana problemlerinden birisi olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca, devletler kendi vatandaşlarını ve ülke sınırları içerisindeki diğer insanları korumakla sorumlu olmasına rağmen, devletler insan haklarını ihlal eden en temel kurumdur. Bunun nedeni ise devletin insan hakları üzerindeki sorumluluğu ve rolü üzerindeki ikilemden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu makalenin temel amacı insan haklarını ve devletlerin paradokslarını tanımlayarak bunları sorgulamaktır.

One of the most fruitful applications of substructural logics stems from their capacity to deal with self-referential paradoxes, especially truth-theoretic paradoxes. Both the structural rules of contraction and the rule of cut play a crucial role in typical paradoxical arguments. In this paper I address a number of difficulties affecting noncontractive approaches to paradox that have been discussed in the recent literature. The situation was roughly this: if you decide to go substructural, the nontransitive approach to truth offers a lot of benefits that are not available in the noncontractive account. I sketch a noncontractive theory of truth that has these benefits. In particular, it has both a proof- and a model-theoretic presentation, it can be extended to a first-order language, and it retains every classically valid inference.

En las últimas décadas, varias empresas han introducido espacios de trabajo alternativos, los cuales se han implementado a través de modelos de oficinas flexibles, ágiles y por tipo de actividad. La rápida difusión de estos modelos se justifica por la creencia corporativa de que estos pueden influir en las relaciones y los comportamientos organizativos de los trabajadores del conocimiento, a fin de propiciar una mejor colaboración y flexibilidad adaptativa. No obstante, la falta de investigación empírica sobre el tema, así como su naturaleza multidisciplinaria, limitan nuestra comprensión de las implicaciones de estos modelos sobre las compañías y sus empleados. El objetivo de la Tesis consiste en arrojar luz sobre las implicaciones de los espacios de trabajo alternativos, examinar la validez de los supuestos organizacionales que justifican su introducción, e identificar un conjunto de estrategias que las empresas y sus directivos pueden adoptar para lograr sus objetivos de transformación. Para lograr este objetivo, la Tesis está fundamentada en una colección de estudios que han sido diseñados para responder sistemáticamente a cuatro preguntas de investigación principales. El primer estudio identifica un marco conceptual preliminar para los espacios de trabajo alternativos, que se ha utilizado como modelo cognitivo para interpretar los resultados y delinear los límites del trabajo de campo empírico (RQ1). Este marco se ha sido utilizado y probado en un análisis exploratorio, dirigido a identificar sistemáticamente las barreras y factores habilitadores que las empresas encuentran cuando implementan los espacios de trabajo alternativos (RQ2). El segundo estudio explora las experiencias de los individuos y grupos de empleados en los lugares de trabajo alternativos, los cuales propician nuevas oportunidades y desafíos que se presentan también como tensiones opuestas (RQ3). Finalmente, el tercer estudio examina cómo los trabajadores del conocimiento interpretan el lugar de trabajo alternativo e implementan la su organización, mediante algunas prácticas espaciales que problematizan el estado de sus límites flexibles y permeables (RQ4). Basado en estos estudios, la Tesis presenta tres contribuciones importantes. En primer lugar, fomenta los debates sobre los espacios de trabajo alternativos, exponiendo nuevas evidencias empíricas en un área débilmente estudiada. En segundo lugar, desarrolla el concepto de espacios de trabajo alternativos, proporcionando un modelo de alto nivel que resume las diferentes áreas organizacionales en las que este se ha implementado y los debates suscitados. Esta Tesis sugiere la necesidad de vincular las discusiones sobre los diferentes aspectos de un espacio de trabajo alternativo bajo la misma premisa, para mejorar la investigación de los efectos de interacción entre las diferentes áreas implementadas. Finalmente, la Tesis contribuye al campo emergente de la sociología de espacio, esclareciendo el impacto de la reconfiguración espacial de actividades laborales y las relaciones inducidas por espacios de trabajo alternativos sobre los individuos y las empresas. En la práctica, esta Tesis identifica los enfoques disponibles para que las organizaciones y sus directivos manejen las tensiones y las amenazas de identidad que emergen en un nuevo entorno laboral u oficina. ----------ABSTRACT---------- In the last decades, several knowledge work organizations have introduced alternative workplaces that are implemented through flexible, agile, and activity-based office models. The rapid diffusion of these models has been prompted by the company’s belief that these may influence knowledge workers’ relations and behaviors at the office, in a way to be conducive to greater collaboration and adaptive flexibility. However, the lack of empirical fieldwork on the alternative workplaces and their multidisciplinary nature limit our understanding of their implications on companies and their people. The purpose of this Thesis is to shed some light on the implications of alternative workplaces, to test the validity of the organizational assumptions guiding their introduction and identify a set of approaches that companies and their managers can employ to fulfil the related objectives. To meet its purpose, the Thesis builds upon a collection of studies that have been designed to systematically address four research questions. The first study identifies a preliminary framework for alternative workplaces that has been used as a cognitive model to interpret the results and draw the boundaries of the empirical fieldwork (RQ1). The framework has been employed and tested in an exploratory analysis, aimed at a systematic overview of the barriers and enablers that companies encounter when implementing alternative workplaces (RQ2). The second study explores how alternative workplaces are experienced by individuals and groups of knowledge workers, by bringing new opportunities and challenges that cast themselves as oppositional tensions (RQ3). Finally, the third study looks at how knowledge workers interpret the alternative workplace and enact its organization, by means of spatial practices that problematize the status of its flexible and permeable boundaries (RQ4). Drawing upon these studies, the Thesis posits three important contributions. First, it feeds the discussions on the alternative workplaces, by bringing new empirical evidence in a relatively under-researched area. Second, it advances the concept of the alternative workplace, by providing a high-level model synthesizing the different organizational areas in which implementation and discourses have taken place. This Thesis advocates the need to tie the discussions on the different aspects of the alternative workplace underneath the same banner, to better investigate the interactional effects between different implementation areas. Third, the Thesis contributes to the emergent field of sociology of space, by shedding some light on the impact of the spatial reconfiguration of work activities and relations brought by alternative workplaces on people and companies. From a practical perspective, this Thesis identifies the approaches that are available to companies and their managers to handle the tensions and the identity threats that arise in the new office environment.

In this paper, we illustrate the paradox concerning maximally consistent sets of propositions, which is contrary to set theory. It has been shown that Cantor paradoxes do not offer particular advantages for any modal theories. The paradox is therefore not a specific difficulty for modal concepts, and it also neither grants advantages nor disadvantages for any modal theory. The underlying problem is quite general, and affects anyone who intends to use the notion of &ldquo, world&rdquo, in its ontology.

Asthma is one of the most common inflammatory diseases in the world. The main goal of treatment is to achieve optimal control. Although every patient is different, clinical practice guidelines can help physicians to manage the disease. However, the recommendations made by guidelines are not always identical, and the continuous release of new data on the various management strategies can mislead both patients and physicians. We aim to summarize the main controversies in management and treatment recommendations in asthma guidelines, revise the most recent scientific evidence, and pinpoint possible solutions. We do not issue new recommendations or challenge evidence-based guidelines. We concluded that more tools are necessary to achieve and measure optimal asthma control and to better assess the impact of asthma on patients' lives. Also essential is a more accurate appraisal of the short-term and long-term effectiveness and safety of asthma therapies and the possibilities of successful immunomodulation.

Comunicación presentada en el Congreso Internacional Interdisciplinar "La ciudad: imágenes e imaginarios" celebrado en la Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Documentación, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid del 12 al 15 marzo de 2018. El largo recorrido histórico del concepto de ciudadanía y su evolución gnoseológica ha sido ampliamente analizado por la historiografía en las distintas etapas históricas. Desde el mundo clásico, en la polis griega, conforme al modelo patriarcal, existía la igualdad ciudadana sólo entre la población masculina. Desde la edad media y los primeros liberalismos excluyentes, no sólo en función del sexo, sino también en función de la raza, renta, propiedades, independencia personal o grado “civilizatorio”, la problemática del acceso a la ciudadanía política ha sido uno de los grandes temas de la historia de las mujeres y del género y a partir de los años 1990, ha sido estimulada por las movilizaciones en favor de la paridad política. El texto se enfocará, pues, en la evolución del concepto de ciudadanía femenina y feminista en la construcción política e imaginaria de la ciudadanía en Occidente. Nos preguntaremos ¿de qué “ciudadanías” son beneficiarias las mujeres y cómo han sido investidas de un concepto de ciudadanía neutra, tanto en las representaciones como en prácticas políticas? ¿Cómo responden las ciudades al concepto de una ciudadanía inclusiva de los desafíos y reivindicaciones de reconocimiento de las mujeres y de los feminismos? The long trajectory of the concept of citizenship and its gnoseological evolution during the different historical stage has been broadly analyzed in historiography. Since the classical world, in the greek polis, according to the patriarchal model, has existed the citizenship equality only among the male population. Since the medieval age and since the earliest form of liberalisms, ―which were not inclusive towards sex, race, income, property, personal independence and the degree of civilizing―, the access to the politic citizenship has always been problematic, indeed one of the most awkward topic in women’s and gender history. In the nineties the female participation to the citizenship has been promoted by the mobilizations in favor of equal politic. The text is going to be focused on the evolution of the concept of female and feminist citizenship among the political and imaginary construction of citizenship in the occidental context. We’ll wonder to which kind of “citizenships” women are beneficiaries and how has been wrapped in a wrong concept of neutral citizenship, both in the representations whether in political one. How cities answer to the concept of inclusive democracy y to the defiance of the inclusive democracy concept and how cities deal with the vindications for the acknowledgement of women’s right and feminisms.

Une réflexion sur les imbrications entre politiques des corps et rapports sociaux de sexe se doit de discuter de l’expérience de la beauté pour les femmes. Dans les débats féministes, la beauté résiste à une définition univoque : expression de soi, socialité et plaisir, elle est aussi normativité, contrainte, forme d’oppression. Les auteures montrent que ces ambiguïtés de la beauté comme « épreuve » de la légitimité des femmes dérivent des conditions socioculturelles dans lesquelles se fait son expérience. Ces conditions sont, notamment, paradoxales. À travers des traces médiatiques, les résultats d’une recherche de terrain et la littérature féministe, les auteures présentent quatre paradoxes encadrant l’épreuve de la beauté : le paradoxe de la valeur, de l’authenticité, du pouvoir et de l’engagement. La beauté sert de prisme qui révèle une impasse de la subjectivité politique des femmes : si l’autonomie du choix est parmi les principales revendications des femmes, les injonctions contradictoires qui l’entourent disqualifient ce choix comme constitutivement défectueux., A reflection on the connection between body politics and gender relations must deal with women’s experience of beauty. Within feminist debates, beauty is not univocally defined: beauty is self-expression, sociability and pleasure, but also normativity, constraint and oppression. The authors show that such ambiguities are rooted in the socio-cultural framing of beauty as a legitimacy « test » for women. Such framing is, we argue, paradoxical. Drawing on media traces, fieldwork results and feminist literature, the authors discuss four paradoxes of women’s experience of beauty: worth, authenticity, power, and commitment. More generally, beauty experience reveals a major contradiction of the current framing of feminine political subjectivity: autonomy of choice is among the main feminist demands, yet contradictory injunctions framing women’s choice disqualify the latter as constitutively flawed., Una reflexión sobre las imbricaciones entre las políticas del cuerpo y las relaciones de género debería debatir la experiencia de la belleza para las mujeres. En los debates feministas, la belleza se resiste a una definición unívoca: autoexpresión, sociabilidad y placer, es también normatividad, coacción, una forma de opresión. Las autoras muestran que estas ambigüedades de la belleza como « prueba » de la legitimidad de las mujeres derivan de las condiciones socioculturales en las que se experimenta. Estas condiciones son, en particular, paradójicas. A través del rastreo de medios de comunicación, la investigación de campo y la literatura feminista, las autoras presentan cuatro paradojas que enmarcan la prueba de la belleza: la paradoja del valor, de la autenticidad, del poder y del compromiso. La belleza sirve como un prisma que revela una aporía en la subjetividad política de las mujeres: si la autonomía de la elección se encuentra entre las principales demandas de las mujeres, los mandatos contradictorios que la rodean descalifican esta elección como constitutivamente defectuosa.

In this article, we attempt to formulate the notion of general cultural paradoxes and offer their classification. In addition, we try to identify the constructive role of the paradoxes in science and to offer their own generic classification of scientific paradoxes. Obligatorily present here paradoxes specific properities in general and scientific in particular. Our mission includes a mandatory appeal to a variety of positions, describing the importance of the paradoxes in the history of science. We ourselves are doing here the view, which is to understand the paradoxes as cultural phenomena in general and of our consciousness in particular, and also paradoxically as properties inherent to our thinking. Formula paradox in relation to science perfectly fits into the popular smart stamp: «unbelievable, but true». It points to a profound contradiction at the base of all our culture, and draws attention to the contradictions of human nature itself. Its content in the scientific theory tells us about the inaccuracy of the findings and send them in the right direction. Paradoxes are our constant companions, accompany us in a complex and amazing journey to the truth. Is perfectly after all that paradoxes – our mysterious and wise friends!

Human language has the characteristic of being open and in some cases polysemic. The word “infinite” is used often in common speech and more frequently in literary language, but rarely with its precise meaning. In this way the concepts can be used in a vague way but an argument can still be structured so that the central idea is understood and is shared with to the partners. At the same time no precise definition is given to the concepts used and each partner makes his own reading of the text based on previous experience and cultural background. In a language dictionary the first meaning of “infinite” agrees with the etymology: what has no end. We apply the word infinite most often and incorrectly as a synonym for “very large” or something that we do not perceive its completion. In this context, the infinite mentioned in dictionaries refers to the idea or notion of the “immeasurably large” although this is open to what the individual’s means by “immeasurably great.” Based on this linguistic imprecision, the authors present a non Cantorian theory of the potential and actual infinite. For this we have introduced a new concept: the homogon that is the whole set that does not fall within the definition of sets established by Cantor. The fourth author’s research was partially supported by Generalitat Valenciana under project GV/2015/035.

In this paper we present two new approaches for dealing with semantic paradoxes and soritical predicates based on fuzzy logic. We show that both of them have conceptual advantages over the more traditional Łukasiewicz approach, and that the second one even avoids standard proofs of w-inconsistency. Fil: Da Re, Bruno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas. - Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Filosófico. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas; Argentina Fil: Teijeiro, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas. - Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Filosófico. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas; Argentina

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the predictive value of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) in public health by comparing stated preferences to actual behavior.Methods780 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients received a questionnaire, containing a DCE with five attributes related to T2DM patients’ willingness to participate in a combined lifestyle intervention. Panel mixed-multinomial-logit models were used to estimate the stated preferences based on 206 completed DCE questionnaires. Actual participation status was retrieved for 54 respondents based on patients’ medical records and a second questionnaire. Predicted and actual behavior data were compared at population level and at individual level.ResultsBased on the estimated utility function, 81.8 % of all answers that individual respondents provided on the choice tasks were predicted correctly. The actual participation rate at the aggregated population level was minimally underestimated (70.1 vs. 75.9 %). Of all individual choices, 74.1 % were predicted correctly with a positive predictive value of 0.80 and a negative predictive value of 0.44.ConclusionStated preferences derived from a DCE can adequately predict actual behavior in a public health setting.

This article studies Buridan’s treatment of the paradoxes which arise from the use of verbs “signifying acts of the cognitive soul”. We can find his analyses mainly in the Sophismata (IXth treatise of Summulae logicales), and in the IVth treatise, dedicated to suppositions. However they can be put in relation with some aspects of the theory of the soul. John Buridan examines many sophisms created by these phenomena. Some of them permit to study simple acts of cognition, and especially the variations between singular and universal apprehension of a thing. Others concern complex acts of knowledge, when the cognitive verb governs propositions; they require logical analyses, especially comparisons between compound and divided senses, in order to manifest the status of the subject about which a knowledge is formulated. Finally, these phenomena give the opportunity to develop the theory of the appelatio rationis, the indirect signification of the concept by means of which a term has been instituted. The article shows that Buridan proposes a theory more detailed than those of his predecessors. He combines different aspects of the cognitive act, simple or complex. And he places the study of the paradoxes of intentionality at the crossing point of logical and semantical considerations on the one hand, and cognitive psychology on the other., Cet article étudie le traitement que Buridan propose des paradoxes qui naissent de l’usage des verbes “signifiant les actes de l’esprit”. Nous trouvons principalement ses analyses dans les Sophismata (IXe traité des Summule logicales), et dans le IVe traité, consacré aux suppositions. Cependant ils peuvent être mis en relation avec certains aspects de la théorie de l’âme. Jean Buridan examine de nombreux sophismes suscités par ces phénomènes. Certains d’entre eux permettent d’étudier les actes simples de connaissance, et particulièrement les différences entre l’appréhension simple et l’appréhension universelle d’une chose. D’autres concernent les actes complexes de connaissance, quand des verbes cognitifs gouvernent les propositions. Ils requièrent des analyses logiques, particulièrement la comparaisons entre le sens composé et le sens divisé, afin de rendre manifeste le statut du sujet du sujet à propos duquel une connaissance est formulée. Enfin, ces phénomènes fournissent l’occasion de développer la théorie de l’appellation de raison, la signification indirecte du concept au moyen desquels un terme a été institué. L’article montre que Buridan propose une théorie plus détaillée que celle de ses prédécesseurs. Il combine différents aspects de l’acte cognitif simple ou complexe. Et il place l’étude des paradoxes de l’intentionnalité au croisement de considérations logiques et sémantiques d’une part, de psychologie cognitive de l’autre.

In Kripke's classic paper on truth it is argued that by adding a new semantic category different from truth and falsity it is possible to have a language with its own truth predicate. A substantial problem with this approach is that it lacks the expressive resources to characterize those sentences which fall under the new category. The main goal of this paper is to offer a refinement of Kripke's approach in which this difficulty does not arise. We tackle this characterization problem by letting certain sentences belong to more than one semantic category. We also consider the prospect of generalizing this framework to deal with languages containing vague predicates. Fil: Rosenblatt, Lucas Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Szmuc, Damián Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

International audience; The instrumental vision of CSR, by reducing it to a managerial tool which is likely to lead to a sustainable competitive advantage, tends to reify the concept. From this viewpoint, the implementation of CSR initiatives within firms is analyzed as a sequential, top-down and non- conflicting process. Contrary to this approach, we maintain that developing CSR is comparable to a learning, non-linear process, through which organizational actors transform CSR by appropriating it. However, this vision raises contradictions which need to be identified. In this perspective, we are focusing on the case of a company having decided to implant the standard ISO 26000. The analysis of its process of deployment shows contradictions inherent in CSR and in its implementation. Then, the approach by the paradoxes shows us that these contradictions can be managed in a creative prospect.; La vision instrumentale de la RSE, en l’assimilant à un outil de gestion susceptible de contribuer à la formation d’un avantage concurrentiel durable, tend à réifier le concept. Dans cette perspective, le pilotage de la RSE est vu comme un processus séquentiel, vertical, a-conflictuel. À l’opposé de cette approche, nous défendons l’idée selon laquelle le déploiement d’une démarche RSE est un processus traversé de multiples contradictions, à travers lequel les acteurs transforment la démarche en se l’appropriant. Nous nous proposons dans cet article d’identifier ces contradictions. Pour cela nous nous intéressons au cas d’une entreprise ayant décidé d’implanter la norme ISO 26000. L’analyse de son processus de déploiement fait apparaître des contradictions inhérentes à la RSE et à sa mise en oeuvre. L’approche par les paradoxes montre que ces contradictions peuvent être managées dans une perspective créative.

Objectives. Conventional radiography is key to assessing AS-related spinal involvement and has become increasingly important given that spinal fusion may continue under biologic therapy. We aimed to compare the reliability of radiographic scoring of the spine by using different approaches to understand how different readers agree on overall scores and on individual findings. Method. Six investigators scored 68 plain radiographs of the cervical and lumbar spine of 34 patients with a 2-year interval, for erosions, sclerosis, squaring, syndesmophytes and ankyloses using the Spondyloarthritis Radiography (SPAR) module. The intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated compared with two gold standards. The reproducibility of each finding in 1632 vertebral corners and new syndesmophytes in each corner was calculated by kappa analysis and positive agreement rates. Results. The intraclass correlation coefficients mostly revealed good to excellent agreement with the gold standards (0.69-0.95). The kappa analysis showed worse agreement, being relatively higher for syndesmophytes (0.163-0.559) and ankylosis (0.48-0.95). Positive agreement rates showed that erosions were never detected at the same vertebral corner by two readers (positive agreement rate: 0%). The mean (range) positive agreement rates were 10.1% (0-27.7%) for sclerosis and 19.2% (0-59.7%) for squaring, and were higher for syndesmophytes [38.8% (21.4-62.5%)] and ankylosis [77.3% (64-95.3%)]. Conclusion. Our results show that there is a poor agreement on the presence of grade 1 lesions included in the Modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score-mostly for erosions and sclerosis-which may increase the measurement error. The currently used definitions of reliability have a risk of overestimating reproducibility.

Background The aim was to examine inter-rater and alternate-form reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) Global tool to assess the physical environment along likely walking routes in Belgium. Methods For 65 children participating in the BEPAS-children study, routes between their individual homes and the nearest pre-defined destination were defined. Using MAPS Global, physical environmental characteristics of the routes were audited by 4 trained auditors (2 on-site, 2 online using Google Street View). Inter-rater reliability was studied for on-site and online ratings separately. Alternate-form reliability was examined by comparing on-site with online ratings. Results Inter-rater reliability for on-site ratings was acceptable for 68% of items (kappa range 0.03–1.00) and for online ratings for 60% of items (kappa range −0.03 to 1.00). Acceptable alternate-form reliability was reported for 60% of items (kappa range −0.01 to 1.00/r range 0.31–1.00). Conclusions MAPS Global can be used to assess the physical environment of potential walking routes. For areas where Google Street View imagery is widely covered and often updated, MAPS Global can be completed online. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-016-0069-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The structure of the paper brings together three major sections, following the general approach to the impact of paradoxes in economic theory. The first section describes a necessary investigation in the synthesized universe of paradoxes, to capitalize on Quine’s paradox taxonomy, and to reveal the importance of really paraconsistent paradoxes, defining, in a relative and innovative manner, economic paradoxism in the sense of excess of creative capitalization of paradoxes in the area of science, as initiated by mathematician and logician Florentin Smarandache. The second section turns into an original exposition of economics theory and the third section reveals the concept of meson economics and the principles of that economy, completed with some final remarks, some of which are conclusive, and some others interrogative, aligned to the paradox of knowledge, in keeping with which human beings are looking for answers, and finally find more and more questions.

Set-theoretic paradoxes have made all-inclusive self-referential Foundational Theories almost a taboo. The few daring attempts in the literature to break this taboo avoid paradoxes by restricting the class of formulae allowed in Cantor’s naive Comprehension Principle. A different, more intensional approach was taken by Fitch, reformulated by Prawitz, by restricting, instead, the shape of deductions, namely allowing only normal(izable) deductions. The resulting theory is quite powerful, and consistent by design. However, modus ponens and Scotus ex contradictione quodlibet principles fail. We discuss Fitch-Prawitz Set Theory (\(\mathsf {FP}\)) and implement it in a Logical Framework with so-called locked types, thereby providing a “Computer-assisted Cantor’s Paradise”: an interactive framework that, unlike the familiar Coq and Agda, is closer to the familiar informal way of doing mathematics by delaying and consolidating the required normality tests. We prove a Fixed Point Theorem, whereby all partial recursive functions are definable in \(\mathsf {FP}\). We establish an intriguing connection between an extension of \(\mathsf {FP}\) and the Theory of Hyperuniverses: the bisimilarity quotient of the coalgebra of closed terms of \(\mathsf {FP}\) satisfies the Comprehension Principle for Hyperuniverses.

Мазуров Владимир Данилович, д-р физ.-мат. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры эконометрики и статистики высшей школы экономики и менеджмента, Уральский федеральный университет им. Первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцнна, г. Екатеринбург, vldmazurov@gmail.com. V.D. Mazurov, vldmazurov@gmail.com Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation Даётся краткое изложение существа и истории вопроса о роли логических парадоксов, а также значения противоречивых моделей в оптимизации и классификации. Рассмотрены парадоксы в теории множеств, причина которых в использовании понятия актуальной бесконечности и в перенесении методов, пригодных для конечных множеств, на множества бесконечные. Некоторые логические парадоксы связываются с несобственными системами предикатов, т. е. такими несовместными системами предикатов, поставить которым в соответствие можно лишь несобственный объект. Рассматривается путь анализа таких парадоксов, состоящий в расширении имеющихся представлений об объектах, в ослаблении накладываемых при определении объекта требований, в расширении смысла понятия «существование». Рассматривается моделирование объектов с помощью несовместных систем линейных неравенств. Разрешение противоречивых систем предлагается на пути введения «размытых» понятий и коллективных решений (это можно считать моделированием консилиума). В последнем случае исследуется более частный подход к разрешению парадоксов. Здесь используются некоторые средства ослабления требования абсолютизации тех или иных критериев решения задачи. Особенно важен случай анализа неформализованных задач и даже неформализуемых. Предложенные подходы к неформализуемым моделям были обсуждены с Н.Н. Непейводой в рамках всемирного конгресса по логике науки. A short explanation of essence and history of logical paradoxes and of contradictory models of optimization and classification is given. Paradoxes are considered in set theory, the cause of which is to use the concept of actual infinity and transferring methods suitable for finite sets on the endless sets. Some logical paradoxes are associated with improper predicate systems, i.e. such inconsistent systems of predicates which only improper object can be put in compliance. The way of analysis of these paradoxes is considered which consists of the expansion of existing ideas about objects in easing of the requirements imposed while determining of the object , in the expansion of the meaning of the concept of “existence”. We consider the modeling of objects with incompatible systems of linear inequalities. The solution of contradictory systems is proposed on the way of fuzzy conceptions and the collective solutions (this can be considered as modeling of consultation). In the latter case more individual approach to resolve the paradoxes is investigated. Some means of easing of the requirements of certain absolute criteria for solving the problem are used. The case of the analysis of non-formalized and even non-formalizable problems is especially important. Proposed approaches to non-formalizable models were discussed with N.N. Nepeivoda within the World Congress of the science logic. Работа поддержана РНФ № 14-11-00109

PurposeSustainability is, in itself, the idea of a harmonic answer to the dual nature of the most pressing problem for global society. Most of the problems dealing with sustainability concern its dual and contradictory nature. That paradoxical reality is in no way a unique feature of sustainability; its universal pervasiveness is demonstrated by the attention that Western and Eastern philosophies have given to it. This paper seeks to describe paradoxes that arise in managerial and organizational learning processes and proposes a taxonomy. It pays special attention to the central paradox of “complexifying” and to reductionism‐holism in science.Design/methodology/approachThe work is based on the theories of organizational learning and managerial cybernetics, under the paradox view of management.FindingsThe study shows the relevance of the paradox view to management understanding of the complexity of sustainability, its controversial nature; and how the latter relates to epistemology and to the complementarity of analytical and synthetics methods in research and science. It also demonstrates that, at organizational levels, harnessing tensions that emerge from natural paradoxical situations enhances sustainable oriented decision‐making.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper builds a bridge toward scientific communities that, working on sustainability and/or complexity, are unaware of the important contribution of cybernetics, especially Ashby's work and the VSM's relevance to the examination of complex societal issues.Practical implicationsThe paper provides a platform to enquire on the implications of societal learning on sustainability, and on de facto global digital networks emerging from over ideologized constituents that, in the name of the greenness of the environment and of a just society, fail to see how rapidly global society is positively changing after the dark years of the Cold War.Originality/valueThe paper reviews current developments on the paradox view of management, and proposes a taxonomy of paradoxes based on managerial cybernetics and organizational learning.

Les notions d’oralité et d’écriture sont souvent associées dans l’imaginaire collectif à l’idée de « primitif » et « civilisé » et, par-delà, de cultures dites lettrées et illettrées, de « populaire » et « savant », d’immatériel et matériel. Dans les faits, elles ont une existence et renvoient à des pratiques certes opposées, mais complémentaires. Elles agissent à des niveaux de fonctionnement différents, soit l’auditif et le visuel. L’oral et l’écrit coexistent en musique non sans une certaine tension d’origine historique. Celle-ci est notamment entretenue par l’authenticité recherchée à travers le geste graphique et la signification qu’il faut lui accorder, souvent explicitée par le biais de l’oralité. À ce titre, le xxe siècle occidental a engendré un éclatement des langages, des techniques, des niveaux de perception et de conception des structures sonores, remettant en question la fonction et le statut de la partition, ce symbole qui apparaît comme l’aboutissement de la pensée musicale d’Occident.L’objectif de cet article est donc d’explorer les relations entre l’oralité et l’écriture, en ayant comme point de mire les musiques contemporaines occidentales, en faisant parfois référence à des champs qui nous sont familiers et que nous aimons juxtaposer pour leurs points communs et différences : ceux de la composition et de l’ethnomusicologie., The notion of oral and written modes of transmission are often associated with the idea of ‘primitive’ and ‘civilised’ in the collective imagination, and by extension, concepts of so-called literate and illiterate cultures, popular vs. learned, immaterial vs. material. In reality, oral and written modes of transmission come out of practices that, while opposed, are complementary to each other. These modes use different manners of functioning, the auditory and the visual. The oral and written traditions co-existing in music are not without a certain historical tension. This is reinforced by the search for authenticity in notation and the significance given to it, often justified from the standpoint of orality. Due to this, the 20th century has given birth to a multitude of languages, techniques, levels of perceptions and conceptions of sound structures, bringing into question the function and place of the score, a symbol seen as the pinnacle of Western musical thought.The purpose of this text is thus to explore the relationship between oral and written modes of transmission using Western contemporary musics as a point of reference, referring also to the fields of composition and ethnomusicology to point out and juxtapose their similarities and differences in approach.

International audience; Most instantiations of the inference 'y; so if x, y' seem intuitively odd, a phenomenon known as one of the paradoxes of the material conditional. A common explanation of the oddity, endorsed by Mental Model theory, is based on the intuition that the conclusion of the inference throws away semantic information. We build on this explanation to identify two joint conditions under which the inference becomes acceptable: (a) the truth of x has bearings on the relevance of asserting y; and (b) the speaker can reasonably be expected not to be in a position to assume that x is false. We show that this dual pragmatic criterion makes accurate predictions, and contrast it with the criterion defined by the mental model theory of conditionals, which we show to be inadequate.

Le coaching peut être appréhendé comme un dispositif destiné aux cadres qui ont la responsabilité de conduire le changement au sein d’entreprises développant des stratégies de transformation organisa-tionnelle. L’approche communicationnelle choisie interroge à la fois sa finalité dans le cadre des transformations d’entreprise requises dans un capitalisme financier et globalisé, son organisation et ses méthodes puisque ce dispositif, utilisant essentiellement des techniques de communication, d...

French Abstract: Cet article decrit une methode d'Action Learning pour enseigner l'intelligence situationnelle. Elle vise a aider les managers a trouver des reponses appropriees aux situations complexes de management qu'ils rencontrent. Apres avoir revu les differentes ecoles de pensee concernant le leadership et les meilleurs pratiques de management, nous definissons l'intelligence situationnelle comme l'intelligence des situations, de soi et des autres, et la capacite a reconcilier autant que possible les interets des differents acteurs impliques dans la situation. Nous utilisons les contradictions sous jacentes au management de conquete et au management de finesse comme cadre de reference. La methode "Fidelio", evolution de l'approche "Solfi" utilisee a HEC depuis 1999, utilise les theories du leadership et met l'accent sur des concepts recents ou recemment renouveles comme l'intelligence emotionnelle, la theorie des roles, les contradictions et les paradoxes, l'incertitude et l'ambiguite dans le management, etc. Les ressources pedagogiques consistent en un questionnaire, des ateliers, des entretiens individuels, et des rapports post-ateliers. Elles contribuent au developpement personnel, a la decouverte des concepts du management et a l'animation des equipes. Les participants experimentent differentes facon de se representer leurs situations et par consequent font evoluer leurs comportements de leadership. Ils prennent conscience que le leadership est contextuel et qu'il est necessaire d'utiliser des references theoriques. Ils travaillent aussi leur capacite a manager les contradictions.English Abstract: This article describes an Action Learning resource teaching situational intelligence. It aims to help managers find appropriate responses to complex management situations that they encounter. After reviewing different schools of thought concerning leadership and best management practice, we define situational intelligence as the intelligence of situations, others and oneself, and the ability to reconcile as well as possible the interests of the different actors involved in a situation. We use the contradictions underlying conquest management and finesse management as a reference framework. The "FIDELIO" method, an extension of the "SOLFI" approach used at HEC since 1999, uses leadership theories and stresses recent or newly revived concepts such as emotional intelligence, role theory, contradictions and paradoxes, uncertainty and ambiguity in management, etc. The teaching resource consists of a questionnaire, workshops, individual interviews and post-workshop reports. It contributes to personal development, to the discovery of management concepts and the communication of skills to staff. Participants experiment with different ways to represent their situations and consequently their leadership behaviors evolve. They become aware that leadership is contextual and that it is necessary to used conceptual references. They also work on their own ability to manage contradictions.