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Cakavizam je specifična realizacija palatalnih suglasnika geografski ograničena na lokalne varijetete duž istočne obale Jadrana. Unatoč prijeporima i različitim hipotezama vezanim uz porijeklo cakavizma, od onih koji ga tumače kao posljedicu egzogenog (mletačkog) (Małecki 2007 [1929]; Hraste 1962), endogenog (slavenskog, odnosno čakavskog) (Hamm 1957; 1960; Moguš 1977), odnosno kombiniranog podrijetla (Muljačić 1966), autori se mahom slažu da se radi o isključivo čakavskom obilježju. Kao izrazito istaknuto obilježje cakavica je već dugo izložena postepenom napuštanju i to ponajviše u ranije cakavskim obalnim govorima, a zatim i u izoliranijim otočnim govorima. Govor Komiže smatra se najjužnijim cakavskim govorom (Małecki 2007 [1929]), a danas su viški govori među rijetkima koji cakavizam još uvijek čuvaju. Na temelju sociolingvističkog istraživanja na otoku Visu, koje se većinom temelji na uzorcima govorenog jezika prikupljenim intervjuiranjem govornika različite dobi, u radu se analizira jezična varijabilnost i promjena u pojavi cakavizma kako u stvarnom vremenu u odnosu na podatke prikupljene Upitnikom za Hrvatski jezični atlas tako i u prividnom vremenu među govornicima različite dobi. Iako je još uvijek prisutan, cakavizam je u svom punom obliku potvrđen još jedino kod najstarijih govornika. Prikupljeni uzorci govora pokazuju, naime, da se većina cakavskih realizacija svodi na depalatalizirani izgovor /č/, dok se tzv. srednji glasovi /ś/ i /ź/ čuvaju tek iznimno. Cakavizam je među mlađima i govornicima srednje dobi također posvjedočen, no u reduciranom i petrificiranom obliku. Osim toga, cakavizam je u viškim govorima danas često leksikalizirano i ne više produktivno obilježje., Cakavism is a specific realization of originally palatal con¬sonants geographically confined to local idioms along the eastern Adriatic coast. Although its origins have been much disputed and various hypotheses concerning its genesis proposed, ranging from those that postulate its exogenous (Romance Venetian) (Małecki 1929; Hraste 1962), endogenous (autochtonous Slavic Čakavian) (Hamm 1957;1960; Moguš 1977) or mixed origins (Muljačić 1966), no one ever questioned its status as an exclusively Čakavian feature. As an extremely salient feature, cakavism has been exposed to gradual abandoning, which affected first coastal varieties and subsequently other more isolated insular cakavian varieties. The speech of Komiža is considered the southernmost cakavian point (Małecki 2007 [1929]), and the varieties of the Island of Vis are among rare that still maintain this Čakavian feature. On the basis of sociolinguistic research on the Island of Vis, based largely on samples of spoken language collected by interviewing speakers of different ages, the paper analyzes linguistic variability and change in the form and frequency of cakavian realizations. Language change is analyzed in real time by means of comparing field data with the data collected by the Questionnaire for the Croatian Language Atlas in 1960s, and in apparent time by comparing the patterns in language use among speakers of various ages. Although still present, cakavism in its full-fledged form is confirmed only in the oldest age-group. The collected speech samples indicate that the majority of cakavian realizations have been reduced to depalatalized realization of /č/, while the so-called ‘middle sounds’ /ś/ and /ź/ are maintained only exceptionally. Younger and middle-age speakers, therefore, conserve the feature, but in a reduced and petrified form. Also, cakavism is nowadays often lexicalized and no longer a productive feature on the Island of Vis.

U radu se usmjeruje na morfološku problematiku mjesnoga govora Komiže na otoku Visu, odnosno glavnim je ciljem ukazati na vlastitosti u deklinaciji imenica. Na temelju se analiziranoga materijala može zaključiti da su osobitosti u deklinaciji imenica opserviranoga govora većinom očekivane za srednjodalmatinsko područje te da nisu uzdrmane najnovijim utjecajima i nanosima sa strane., Focussed upon in the paper is the morphological problem of the local speech of Komiža on the island of Vis, i.e. with the aim main to point out the individuality in the declination of nouns. On the basis of the analysed material it can be concluded that the peculiarities in the declination of nouns of the observed speech are mainly expected for the central Dalmatian region and that they are not disturbed by the latest influences and trends from outside.

The paper discusses population dynamics of Vis Island along with geographic, demographic and social features related to this process. Data from demographic statistics and research results show that Vis Island has been affected by strong populational regression. This process originated at the beginning of the 20th century, and intensified after the Second World War. Depopulation was generated by retardation in socio-economic development, but it was directly caused by centennial emigration. At the beginning of 1960s, natural decrease occurred as another important cause of depopulation. It was the result of postponed effect of emigration, demographic losses in world wars and birth rate transition (changes in number of children per family). Long-term unfavorable demographic processes (emigration, depopulation, demographic aging, reduced birth rates) have led to weakening of (bio)reproduction and vital potential. The above-mentioned fact has also influencedthe age structure of the population. Population of Vis Island has aged and belongs to a particular demographic type named very old population. However, depopulation, that used to be the result of social phenomena, has become an important factor of social and spatial processes.

Temeljna pretpostavka ovog rada jest da odnos između geoloških, geomorfoloških i pedoloških značajki, zajedno sa strukturnim obilježjima prirodnoga i kulturnog krajolika može biti kriterij za određivanje tipologije krajobraza s obzirom na osjetljivost na prirodne procese i antropogeni utjecaj. Krški prirodni i kulturni krajolik otoka Visa kontinuirano se razvijao pod utjecajem tradicionalne poljoprivrede, pri čemu je došlo do transformacije u krajobrazu jedinstvenog identiteta i značaja u širem kontekstu jadranskoga i sredozemnog područja. Njegove su karakteristike izražene tipološke varijacije, autentičnost i međuovisnost prirodne i kulturne strukture krajobraza, što ga u velikoj mjeri razlikuje od većine ostalih jadranskih otoka. U ovom radu opisani su karakter i značenje utjecaja prirodnih i antropogenih faktora krajolika, procijenjena je osjetljivost područja na postojeće i potencijalne prirodne i antropogene utjecaje. To je posebice važno zbog činjenice da se u budućnosti može očekivati još snažnija transformacija krajobraza otoka Visa kao posljedica sinergijskih efekata recentnih prirodnih i antropogenih procesa. Antropogeni procesi uključuju napuštanje poljoprivrednog zemljišta, širenje turističkih sadržaja i s njima povezanih aktivnosti, što dovodi do negativnih utjecaja na prirodni i kulturni krajolik., The basic assumption of this paper is that the relationship between geological basics, geomorphological and pedological characteristics, with structural features of the natural and cultural landscape can serve as a criterion to determine landscape typology with respect to sensitivity to natural processes and anthropogenic influences. Karst natural and cultural landscape of Vis Island, continuously developed under the influence of traditional agriculture, transformed Vis Island into landscape of unique identity and relevance in the wider context of the Adriatic and the Mediterranean. Its characteristics are significant typological variations, authenticity and interdependence of natural and cultivated landscape structure, which makes significant difference respective to appearances of natural and human environment on other Adriatic islands. In this paper character and scope of the impact of natural and social features of the landscape were assessed and sensitivity of areas to existing and potential adverse natural and anthropogenic influences was estimated. This is especially important due to the fact that in the future the island of Vis can expect significant transformation of natural and cultural landscape, as a result of synergic effect of recent natural and social processes. The last are represented through the stronger trend of abandonment of agricultural land, parallel with the spreading of tourism and related activity which leaves the consequences on the natural and cultural landscape.

Iako je fenomen Gospina kulta snažan u hrvatskoj kršćanskoj i maritimnoj baštini, njegova afirmiranost na otoku Visu ostala je u sjeni ostalih marioloških istraživanja. Cilj je ovoga rada obuhvatom povijesnih vrela i terenskoga istraživanja provedenoga od 2018. do 2020. godine analizirati pojavnosti marijanskoga kulta na otoku Visu u etnološkome i kulturnoantropološkome kontekstu kako bi se rekogniscirao Gospin kult na viškome području, čime će se utvrditi stoljetna dinamična ukorijenjenost Gospina kulta na otoku Visu namećući se kao neizostavna i vrijedna sastavnica hrvatske kulturne baštine.