1. Preparation of feed with metal oxide nanoparticles for nanomaterial dietary exposure to fish and use in OECD TG 305
- Author
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José María Navas, Mona Connolly, Azucena Bermejo-Nogales, Isabel Rucandio, María Luisa Fernández-Cruz, Ministerio de Transición Ecológica (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Bermejo-Nogales, A [0000-0002-7163-7338], Rucandio, I [0000-0003-2890-3976], Connolly, M [0000-0003-3574-8564], Fernandez-Cruz, ML [0000-0001-5988-1939], Navas, JM [0000-0002-8818-9412], Bermejo-Nogales, A, Rucandio, I, Connolly, M, Fernandez-Cruz, ML, and Navas, JM
- Subjects
Science ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Oxide ,Pellets ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Dietary exposure ,Commercial fish feed ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Aquaculture ,Solubility ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Aqueous solution ,business.industry ,Method Article ,Fish oil ,Nanomaterial ,Bioaccumulation ,Nanomaterial-oil suspension feed spiking ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Fish ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Oil dispersion ,business - Abstract
Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía (INIA), The first step of nanomaterial accumulation in the aquatic environment is the uptake of particulate material. For substances with very low water solubility, exposure via water may be of limited relevance in comparison to the dietary route. The OECD Test Guideline 305 for bioaccumulation testing in fish using dietary exposure recommends to add substances to fish food following methodologies normally used in aquaculture (e.g. with a corn or fish oil vehicle). The feasibility of using such an approach for the testing of manufactured nanomaterials (MNs), due to their unique physical characteristics and solubility, needs to be investigated. In this study an easy, cost-effective method to prepare metal oxide nanoparticle (NP) spiked feed to give the required dietary exposure concentration to fish is described. Metal oxide NP (CeO2,TiO2 and ZnO) dispersions were prepared in oil (sunflower or olive oil) and used to soak fish feed pellets. NP surface deposition and homogeneity of distribution were analysed and confirmed. Discrepancies between nominal and measured concentrations highlighted the need to measure the achieved concentration in MN-spiked feed. The present method provides stable concentrations for bioaccumulation testing of MNs in fish through the dietary route. A method for•Fish feed preparation using nanomaterial-oil suspensions.•Homogenous spiking of nanomaterials on feed.•Nanomaterials stably maintained on feed immersed in water until eaten by fish., This work has been supported by a charge of the Ministry for Ecological Transition to INIA (EG17–017) and by the H2020 Project Gov4Nano (Grant Agreement No. 814401). Mona Connolly has received financing granted by the Community of Madrid (2018-T2/AMB-11392, Mode 2, Young Doctor Recruitment).
- Published
- 2021