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The double entropic stochastic resonance (DSR) phenomenon for a Brown particle moving in a confined geometry driven by a time-dependent force in the declining direction subject to additive master noise and recycled noise is investigated in this paper. Under the adiabatic approximation condition, based on two-state theory and linear response theory, the expression for the system linear response (LR) is derived. Stochastic resonance (SR) and periodic SR behavior is observed when the LR changes with the feedback coefficient and with the time-delay of the recycled noise. DSR phenomenon appears when the LR varies with the constant component and with the fluctuation noise intensity of the force in the declining direction. Tradition SR occurs on the curve of the LR when the LR varies with the intensity of the master noise. The non-monotonous effect of the parameters of the confined structure on the LR is discussed.

Indonesia is a country where most of the people work as fishermen because most of its territory is water. Fishermen are a profession that has a high risk of occupational disease in the form of hearing loss which causes losses in the form of permanent disabilities, decreased financial income and quality of life, as well as the mental health of fishermen. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that cause occupational hearing loss experienced by fishermen. This research is a literature review conducted using the Google Scholar database with the keywords "Hearing Loss", "Occupational Diseases", "Fishermen", and "Indonesia". The results of this literature review show that diving and non-diver fishermen have a risk of hearing loss due to personal factors such as age, years of service, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, while occupational factors that influence are noise intensity, length of exposure to availability of ear protection equipment, length of time, and depth of diving activity. Keywords: hearing loss, occupational diseases, fishermen

In this paper, we present a ratio-dependent community dynamics model on Batesian mimicry. In ecology, Batesian mimicry is very important which focus mainly on the patterns in model-species and the mimic-species. Here, we study a stochastically forced basic model-mimic community dynamics model. Without any environmental noise, both model-species and mimic-species can survive. However, external noises push the model-species to extinct and only mimic-species can stable. We discuss a mechanism of the noise-induced transition in the basin of attraction of a stable interior equilibrium point. We apply the stochastic sensitivity function technique to construct a confidence domain near a stable interior equilibrium point and study different noise intensity for the transition.

The periodic measures of the stochastic delay reaction-diffusion lattice systems are investigated. Under a general condition, we prove the existence of periodic measures when the time-dependent terms of the system are periodic in time. Under further assumptions on the nonlinear terms, we show the set of all periodic measures of the perturbed system is weakly compact. Finally, we prove every limit point of a sequence of periodic measures of the stochastic delay system must be a periodic measure of the limiting system as the noise intensity or the time delay goes to zero.

Objetivo: Identificar a intensidade sonora, por meio de decibéis (dB), no Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) e orientar os colaboradoresquanto à importância dos protetores auriculares como equipamento de proteção individual (EPI). Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tiporelato de experiência. Utilizou-se o aplicativo Sound Meter para medir a intensidade de ruído no CME. A pesquisa foi realizada em hospital de grandeporte de São Paulo, no período de uma semana, em 2018. Resultados: Os ruídos mais intensos foram mensurados no expurgo (93,0 dB), na área de preparo(92,3 dB), nas áreas de esterilização a baixa temperatura (91,6 dB) e a vapor (87,9 dB), diferentemente da percepção dos colaboradores. A conscientizaçãoda equipe deu-se por exposição dos resultados mensurados e discussão sobre importância do EPI. Conclusão: Verificaram-se ruídos mais intensosnas áreas de trabalho com maior número de maquinários, e houve divergência entre a intensidade do ruído mensurado e o percebido pelo profissional.Medidas educativas reflexivas são necessárias para a conscientização sobre a importância e adesão ao uso do EPI.

The installation of fans and rooftop sprinklers in swine housing and management facilities can increase noise intensity and may impair workers' hearing health over longs periods of time; therefore, an assessment of the piglets’ stress during invasive practices was made. This study set out to evaluate the noise intensity emitted by environmental enrichment devices (fans and rooftop sprinklers) and by piglets restrained for body temperature assessments and its effect on animal welfare and on the hearing health of workers exposed to it for long periods. Twenty piglets ranging in age from five to twenty days were observed. The sow gestation area was divided into a cooled (fans and rooftop sprinklers) and uncooled area. Two decibel meters were used to measure noise intensity, one for the general noise in the facilities and the other for the piglets, with five-minute intervals between assessments. Digital thermometers were used to take the rectal temperature, and infrared thermometers were used to take the body surface temperature. Fixed-effects ANOVA for the housing environment and periods and multiple comparisons at a significance level of 5% were applied. The average dorsal temperature of the piglets was 36 °C ± 1.2 in the cooled area and 38.4 °C ± 0.5 in the uncooled area. In both periods, the average maximum noise intensity was over 100 decibels. In the afternoon, the maximum intensity was higher for the uncooled environment. The results indicate that neither the fans nor the rooftop sprinklers installed in the facilities nor the squealing piglets during restraint affect the noise intensity of the environment. However, the noise intensity demonstrates the piglets’ stress and the need for protective equipment to preserve the workers’ hearing health.

Understanding the emergence of coordination behavior is of paramount importance in science and engineering. Environmental noise may have important impact on the coordination. In this brief, we consider a variation of the standard Cucker-Smale system in which individuals can not measure the states of others exactly. We present sufficient conditions on group size, noise intensity and communication rate to guarantee the almost surely exponential convergence toward flocking. We challenge the prevailing paradigm that noise suppressing the emergence of collective motion and report that noise may facilitate the emergence of ordered flocking behavior. We also find that group with high density can reach the ordered state more rapidly.

In the present study, dynamics of non-premixed hydrogen-air flames in two Y-shaped cylindrical micro combustors of different horizontal channel lengths (L = 100 and 200 mm) were experimentally compared. The inner diameters of the micro-combustors are 2 mm. Unburned mixture was ignited by heating the near-exit wall with a butane torch. The results show that six and three flame propagation modes in the 200-mm and 100-mm micro-combustors were observed, respectively. Moreover, it is found that the flame oscillation duration is much longer with a larger noise intensity in the 200-mm micro-combustor. As a result, the mean propagation speed under L = 100 mm is much larger. In addition, the edge flame is longer on the lean side under L = 100 mm and almost identical on the rich side for the two combustors. Furthermore, the luminosity of edge flame in the 100-mm micro-combustor is much brighter. Numerical analysis reveals that the deflection of propagating flame in the Y-shaped micro-combustor is determined by the stoichiometric line. In summary, the short combustor has a smaller heat loss ratio and a stronger flame-wall thermal coupling, which can enhance the combustion intensity and increase the flame propagation speed.

Noise sources can be found in the work environment. Physical stressors such as noise can cause various health problems. One of the psychological disorders found as a result of noise is work stress. PT. Bintang Intipersada has a fairly high noise intensity. So the researchers wanted to find the relationship of noise intensity with work stress levels in workers. This research method was observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach conducted at PT. Bintang Intipersada Shipyard Batam. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a population of 100 workers in 2019 and obtained the results of 61 workers determined by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study were analyzed using the Spearman test. The results of this study found that workers who were exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA and experienced mild work stress by 15 (68.2%) people, workers who were exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA and experienced moderate work stress by 5 (22.7% ) people, then workers who are exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA and experience heavy work stress as much as 2 (9.1%) people. Whereas workers who were exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA and experienced light work stress by 3 (7.7%) people, workers who were exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA and experienced moderate work stress by 9 (23.1%) people, then workers exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA and experiencing heavy work stress as many as 27 (69.2%) workers. Spearman analysis results obtained significance value p = 0,000. This figure is significant because the p-value is smaller than the significance level (α) = 5% (0.05). Correlation value (r) is 0.667 which means strong correlations. So it can be concluded that there is a strong and meaningful relationship between noise intensity with work stress levels. Based on this study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between noise intensity with the level of work stress on workers.

LATAR BELAKANG Hipertensi didefinisikan tekanan darah sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg. RISKESDAS 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia adalah 34,11%. Hipertensi merupakan risiko kesehatan umum pada pekerja yang terpapar kebisingan keras (≥ 85 dB(A)). Frekuensi, intensitas, durasi paparan, tipe bising dapat mengganggu aktivitas tubuh: sistem pendengaran dan non-pendengaran. Hipertensi merupakan penyakit multi-faktor yang dapat dipicu dari berbagai sumber seperti paparan bising. Sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan paparan bising dengan hipertensi. METODE Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang yang mengikutsertakan 78 responden laki-laki dari 22-53 tahun di PT. X pabrik kabel yang beroperasi di Jawa Barat. Alat pengumpul data berupa kuesioner sosiodemografi, spyghmomanometer, microtoise, timbangan berat badan. Variabel yang diteliti adalah hipertensi, intensitas bising, tipe bising, masa kerja, usia, jumlah konsumsi rokok. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan Kolmogorov-Smirnov dengan SPSS (p10 batang 39,7%. KESIMPULAN Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara intensitas bising dan usia dengan hipertensi pada karyawan pabrik industri kabel (p=0,007; p=0,019). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tipe bising, masa kerja, dan jumlah konsumsi rokok dengan hipertensi (p=0,281; p=0,139; p=0,257). KATA KUNCI Hipertensi, paparan bising, usia, intensitas bising, tipe bising

Noise in the workplace is often a separate problem for the workforce so that it can cause mental-emotional disturbance as well as the heart and circulatory system. According to the 2013 Basic Health Research, the prevalence of high blood pressure in Indonesia at the age of ≥18 years is 25.8%. So the researchers wanted to find a relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure. This research method was observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach conducted at PT. Bintang Intipersada Shipyard, Batam City. The sampling technique was a total sampling with a population of 100 workers in 2018 and obtained results of 61 workers determined by inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study were analyzed with a frequency distribution tabulated and tested with the Pearson Product Moment Test. The results of this study worker who were exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA had a normal blood pressure of 8 (36.5%) people, in workers who were exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA had blood pressure with Pre-hypertension as many as 12 (54.5% ) people, for workers exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA have 1 (4.5%) blood pressure with Stage 1 Hypertension, workers who are exposed to noise intensity ≤85 dBA have blood pressure with Stage 2 Hypertension as much as 1 (4.5 %) person. While workers who are exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA have normal blood pressure of 0 (0%) people, workers who are exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA have blood pressure with Pre-hypertension as much as 2 (5.1%) people, workers are exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA had blood pressure with Stage 1 Hypertension as many as 14 (35.9%) people, then workers exposed to noise intensity> 85 dBA had blood pressure with Stage 2 Hypertension as many as 23 (59%) workers. The results of the Pearson Product Moment analysis value of p = 0,000

We study noise-induced intermittency in a synergetic model of two coupled oscillators with asymmetric nonlinear coupling. This model was previously used to simulate visual perception of ambiguous images. We show that additive noise induces preference for one of the coexisting unstable steady states. When the noise intensity exceeds a certain threshold value, the oscillations of one of the coupled subsystems are interrupted during some time intervals, resulting in intermittent oscillation death, while another subsystem exhibits noisy oscillations in the vicinity of an unstable fixed point.

The results of a study of the noise generating mechanism during the application of disk brakes on rolling stock are presented. It is shown that one of the main sources of noise generation is the deformation of the microgeometry of the surface layer and its elastic recovery, which occurs under the influence of the interaction of the working elements of the disk brake. The influence of the ratio of the working areas of the friction elements that model the brake pad and brake disc on the noise intensity during their interaction is estimated. A design and technical method is proposed for reducing the noise level of a disk brake during braking, which consists of increasing the ratio between the working areas of the brake pad and brake disc.

Particles moving in confined regions with bistable potential driven by weak signal and fluctuations may present a similar stochastic resonance (SR). This similar SR is called entropic stochastic resonance (ESR). The phenomenon of ESR in a confined asymmetrical bistable potential driven by a transverse periodic force is investigated when a non-Gaussian fluctuation is considered in the system. The left potential of the bistable system can be adjusted by introducing the asymmetrical ratio α. By the functional analysis and two-state theory, the approximate Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) is derived. It is found that there is a global maximum in the SNR curves when the asymmetrical ratio α and the noise intensity D are changed. It is also shown that the noise correlation time τ will suppress the ESR of the system and the departure q can obviously change the position of peak in the SNR. The above clues are helpful in achieving weak signal detection under irregular, small-scale systems.

The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) was introduced for highly dimensional systems, but it has poor performance in the presence of strong nonlinearities. The Cubature Kalman filter (CKF) has outstanding performance in strongly nonlinear systems, however, it is limited by high dimensionality. In this work, we provide a comparison between the EnKF and the CKF to elaborate the problems of each scheme in highly dimensional strongly nonlinear systems. To address these problems, we introduce a Cubature Ensemble Kalman filter (CEnKF) that is a combination between both types of filters making it more suitable for highly dimensional strongly nonlinear systems. These algorithms are tested by extensive computer simulations on several models for chaotic dynamical systems. In addition, the computational complexity of the CKF/EnKF/CEnKF is analyzed. Simulation results show that the CEnKF, given a large enough ensemble size, can perform better than the EnKF and CKF for highly dimensional strongly nonlinear systems with high measurement noise intensity. The CEnKF also has better stability than the EnKF, and it performs as good as the CKF with a large enough ensemble size.

Palembang – Indralaya highway is a cross-provincial road where motor vehicle activity is constant, causing noise and affecting settlements along the road. Constant exposure to the noise that exceeds quality standards (55 dB) stipulated in Environmental Ministerial Decree (KEP.48/MENLH/11/1996), can cause a variety of health problems, such as hearing loss and psychological disorders. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the noise level along the Palembang-Indralaya road. This study used an observational approach through direct observations and measurements using the Mini InScienPro SQ-100 sound level meter. The noise level is measured at two locations, i.e., on the curb and in houses located along the highway. Based on the observations and measurements, the highest noise intensity was during the daytime (78.0 - 102.4 dB). The highest intensity of noise inside and outside the house are 74 and 90 dB, respectively. This is due to the high volume and activity of vehicles crossing the highway. The intensity of the noise received by the residents along the highway is above the quality standards, so as to handle the noise, trees need to be planted around the housing (barrier plants). Keywords: Noise intensity, highway, sound level Meter

Urban road networks significantly influence traffic noise. However, existing studies have neglected the causal chain between road characteristics and traffic noise; thus, clarity on their influencing mechanisms is lacking. In this study, structural equation models were developed to explore the mediated effect of road characteristics on traffic noise through traffic flow using data from field measurement in Dalian City, China; paired comparisons of scenarios though microscopic and macroscopic traffic simulations were performed for further analysis. The results show that lane number influences traffic noise mainly in terms of the number of vehicles in a group (NVG). More lanes indicate increased traffic demand due to connected urban land, which increases the NVG and, in turn, increases noise intensity but decreases noise amplitude. The influence of road segment length (RSL) on traffic noise mainly depends on the suppression effect. A longer RSL allows for higher vehicle speeds, leading to increased noise intensity and reduced noise amplitude. This also indicates that traffic flows disperse more easily, decreasing the NVG and, in turn, reducing noise intensity and increasing noise amplitude. Road junctions (RJ), which are classified according to the presence or absence of traffic lights, have significant direct effects on both noise intensity and noise amplitude, which are both likely to increase as drivers accelerate or decelerate in the middle of the road segment. These findings provide a reference for local governments and urban planners when working to improve quality of life in urban areas.

The aim of this article is to review our recent work on nonlocal dynamics of non-Gaussian systems arising in a gene regulatory network. We have used the mean exit time, escape probability and maximal likely trajectory to quantify dynamical behaviors of a stochastic differential system with non-Gaussian $$\alpha$$-stable Levy motions, to examine how the non-Gaussianity index and noise intensity affect the gene transcription processes.

PURPOSE A growing concern in the community of oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMSs) is the progressive hearing loss that has become more evident in older surgeons. Very few studies have focused on the effects on a surgeon's hearing based on his or her environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the noise produced by suction, compared with federal guidelines, could have a damaging effect on the hearing of OMSs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CEM DT-8851 industrial high-accuracy digital sound noise level meter data logger (CEM Instruments, Bengal, India) was used to capture the sound intensities in various procedures. The sound meter was used to record the intensities of sound produced, in decibels, in clinics and operating rooms. The analysis was divided into different variables: non-drilling/suction (in which neither a drill nor suction was used but suction was on), suction, drilling, suction and drilling, suction and irrigation, and Yankauer suction. RESULTS A total of 50 clinic and 50 operating room procedures were recorded, focusing on suction. The noise intensities captured were analyzed based on federal workplace standards. Compared with non-drilling/suction, all other noise exposures on average were greater in intensity and statistically significant with P

We study the effects of different coupling strengths and network topologies on signal detection in small-world neuronal networks. Research has previously revealed that the ability of detecting subthreshold signals could be significantly enhanced by appropriately fine-tuning the noise intensity. Here we show that the coupling strength and the structure of the underlying network can also lead toward enhanced signal detection. In particular, we show that there are two levels of the coupling strength at which the subthreshold signal can be detected at an appropriate noise intensity and network structure. We also show that the network structure has little impact on signal detection if the coupling is weak. On the other hand, for intermediate coupling strengths, we show that the shorter the average path length, the better the signal detection. Finally, if the coupling is strong, we show that there exists an intermediate average path length at which signal detection becomes optimal.

Sudden environmental perturbations may affect population dynamics. Parameters of mathematical models can also be imprecise due to uncertainties and unknown data. How sudden environmental noise and parameter imprecision influence the dynamics of epidemic systems remains unclear. This paper studies a stochastic Susceptible–Infected–Recovered–Susceptible (SIRS) model that includes Levy jumps and interval parameters. We prove that the model has a unique global positive solution. Sufficient conditions for persistence and extinction of the disease are obtained. Large noise intensity is able to suppress the emergence of disease outbreaks. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the influence of stochastic noise on disease dynamics. These results suggest that Levy jumps and imprecise parameters can greatly affect the long-term behavior of the epidemic system.

Reducing aircraft noise is a pressing issue. To solve it, information is needed on the parameters of the acoustic fields of noise sources. A study was made of the acoustic characteristics of models of noise-attenuating devices. Analysis of the research results revealed the design of the noise-attenuating device with the greatest effect. Based on the results of the research, a noise-attenuating device for the «Ansat» helicopter was developed. The proposed measures to reduce the acoustic pulsations of the engines of a light helicopter.

This paper attempts to investigate the stochastic resonance (SR) behaviors in two kinds of asymmetric nonlinear systems with time-delayed feedback driven by additive colored noise by virtue of two-state theory, small time delay approximation, path integral approach, and unified colored-noise approximation, where asymmetric nonlinear systems include asymmetric well depth and asymmetric well width alone. The characteristics of SR in two kinds of asymmetric systems are different for different asymmetric ratios and correlated times of additive colored noise. For asymmetric well width, optimal noise intensity is independent of asymmetric ratio and correlated time, whereas for asymmetric well depth it is closely related with asymmetric ratio and correlated time. However, optimal noise intensity is closely related with feedback intensity, and time-delay for two kinds of asymmetries. Even there exists the optimal feedback intensity, time delay and correlated time to make output SNR maximum. Above clues are helpful to achieve weak signal detection under strong background noise.

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a stochastic SIRS epidemic model with non-linear incidence rate and transfer from infectious to susceptible. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution of the model with any positive initial value are proved. Next, sufficient conditions for extinction and persistence of the disease are established. It is found that a large noise intensity has the effect of suppressing the epidemic. At last, some numerical simulations are introduced to demonstrate the theoretical results. Our results generalize and improve the existing results.

We discuss the dynamic of a stochastic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate.The crucial threshold $\tilde{R}_0$ is identified and this will determine the extinction and persistence of the epidemic when the noise is small. We also discuss the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic model around the endemic equilibrium of the corresponding deterministic system. When the noise is large, we find that a large noise intensity has the effect of suppressing the epidemic, so that it dies out. Finally, these results are illustrated by computer simulations.

In order to improve the noise reduction performance and the clarity of denoising images, a composite convolutional neural network composed of the convolutional autoencoder network and the feature reconstruction network is proposed. Multiple convolutional layers are added into the autoencoder to extract the image feature information and improve the denoising performance, and the feature reconstruction network is designed to recover the texture and detail information of the image. The cross-connected structure is used to fuse feature information in the convolutional autoencoder network into the feature reconstruction network. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better noise reduction performance than the existing methods for different noise intensity. More texture and detail information could be retained, and the clearer denoising images could be obtained.

The work is devoted to the problem of the Gaussian white noise influence on a canard cycle in a dynamic model of an electrochemical reaction. This study is conducted on the example of an electrochemical reaction of the Cooper-Slyter type. An analysis of noise-induced transitions was performed, the effect of external disturbances on the limit cycle is investigated, the sensitivity of the cycle to the noise is found. A critical noise intensity, at which the small-amplitude oscillations are transformed into mixedmode oscillations, is obtained. It is shown that an increase in the intensity of random perturbations can lead to significant deformations of the modes in the model up to their destruction.

The output effect of fractional-order stochastic resonance (FOSR) system is affected by many factors such as input system parameters and noise intensity. In practice, many tests are needed to adjust parameters to achieve the optimal effect, and this way of “trial and error” greatly limits the application prospect of FOSR. Based on genetic algorithm, a suitable adaptive function was established to adjust the multiple parameters, including the fractional order, system parameters, and the input noise intensity of the fractional bistable system. Simulation results showed that the algorithm can achieve joint optimization of these parameters. It was proved that this algorithm is conducive to the real-time adaptive adjustment of the FOSR system in practical applications and conducive to the application and extension of FOSR in weak signal detection and other fields. The proposed algorithm has certain practical value.

Psychological or mental problems is one of the health problems that often occur in workers in an industry. Noise is one of the factors that can affect job stress. Production worker of PT. Semen Bosowa Banyuwangi has the potential to experience work stress. Method: This research is an observational research with descriptive research design with crossectional approach. Sampling using total sampling method, with 49 respondents. The variables in this study are job stress, noise intensity, noise complaints and respondent characteristics. Results: Respondents were on average 30 years old with the youngest age of 19 years and the oldest was 40 years old. Most recent education is taken by the respondent is the level of Senior High School (SMA). Most of the respondents are married. The average respondent has been working for 3.5 years. Most workers are exposed to noise with an intensity of 85 - 90 dBA. There are 38.8% of workers who feel disturbed by the noise work environment. Working stress in the medium category has the highest proportion with a percentage of 51%. Discussion: Workers production PT. Semen Bosowa Banyuwangi mostly experience moderate work stress. Occurrence of work stress tends to increase in line with the increase in noise intensity. Workers who feel disturbed by the noise are mostly experiencing moderate work stress.

We investigate a non-smooth stochastic epidemic model with consideration of the alerts from media and social network. Environmental uncertainty and political bias are the stochastic drivers in our mathematical model. We aim at the interfere measures assuming that a disease has already invaded into a population. Fundamental findings include that the media alert and social network alert are able to mitigate an infection. It is also shown that interfere measures and environmental noise can drive the stochastic trajectories frequently to switch between lower and higher level of infections. By constructing the confidence ellipse for each endemic equilibrium, we can estimate the tipping value of the noise intensity that causes the state switching.

Electrical generators in Iraq have been a series problem regarding occupational and environmental pollution.The current study aimed to determine the level of general health status among generator workers in AlDiwaniyah City Iraq, and its correlation with noise and demographic data . A descriptive cross-sectionaldesign was conducted in the current study . It was carried out at the private electrical generators inA-Diwaniyah City from the period between the 15th of October 2020 until the 15th of March 2021 . Apurposive study of 150 generator workers has been selected .General health was determined by GeneralHealth questionnaire (GHQ-28) which is comprised of 28 items, and include four aspects : somatic, social, depression and anxiety . Noise intensity level was measured by sound level meter (SLM) . The results ofthe present study revealed that average level of noise intensity inside the workers’ room was (78.12 db) ;while it was (104.14 db) near the generator . The results also showed that the assessment of most domain(social, depression, and anxiety) was moderate, except for somatic domain which it was good . There was asignificant negative correlation between noise and depression and anxiety . It has been concluded that : Mostof the generator workers showed a moderate level of general health status ; Most of the generators workershad moderate level for anxiety, depression and social aspects ; Noise intensities inside the generator roomsexceeds the upper limits accepted for human health .

The authors show that neural networks exhibiting noise-induced rhythms, also known as quasi-cycle oscillations, can synchronize through out-of-phase locking depending on the noise intensity and the size of the coupling delay

In this study, Stochastic resonance phenomenon in Morris-Lecar neurons was investigated. Obtained results showed that Stochastic resonance occurs in all classes of Morris-Lecar neuron. It is also observed that the weak signal detection performance of Type I neurons are significantly high compared the weak signal detection performance of Type II and III neurons at the optimal noise intensity. In addition, it is seen that the signal detection frequency range of Morris-Lecar neurons are similar for all classes. However, it was noticed that the threshold of amplitude ensuring firing in Type III neurons was higher than Type I and II neurons.

We report on the effects of additive noises in a nonchaotic logistic map. In this system, the Lyapunov exponent changes from negative to positive as the noise intensity is increased. When the Lyapunov exponent is negative, the synchronization of orbits with different initial conditions occurs. We find that the synchronization time cannot be determined solely by the Lyapunov exponent when the noise intensity is greater than a point at which the Lyapunov exponent is minimum. We show that this reduction of the synchronization time is attributed to initial nonstationary behaviors, where the critical point of the logistic map plays an important role.

Today, all smartphones contain a variety of embedded sensors capable of monitoring and measuring relevant physical qualities and quantities, such as light or noise intensity, rotation and acceleration, magnetic field, humidity, etc. Combining data from these different sensors and deriving new practical information is the way to enhance the capabilities of such sensors, known as sensor fusion or multimodal sensing. However, the authors hypothesize that the sensing technology that is embedded in smartphones may also support daily life task management. Because one of the biggest challenges in mobile sensing on smartphones is the lack of appropriate unified data analysis models and common software toolkits, the authors have developed a prototype for a mobile sensing architecture, called Sensing Things Done (STD). With this prototype, by applying multimodal sensing and gathering sensor data from performing a specific set of tasks, the authors were able to conduct a feasibility study to investigate the hypothesis set above. Having examined to what extent the task-related activities could be detected automatically by using sensors of a standard smartphone, the authors of this chapter describe the conducted study and provide derived recommendations.

Harmonic and subharmonic components are contained in the spectrum of the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). These components are widely used in the brain-computer interface (BCI) technology and neuroscience research. Subharmonics cannot be easily induced, and the mechanism of the power variation of these components are ambiguous. In this paper, the induced factors and power variation of the SSVEP subharmonics are studied by a visual cortex network model simulation. The SSVEP subharmonics with orders higher than 1/2 are easily suppressed by noise. Therefore, the power variation of the SSVEP subharmonics with 1/2 order, and their induction factors are further analyzed. Simulation results show that the stimulus frequency, stimulus intensity, and noise intensity are three important parameters affecting the generation and power variations of the SSVEP subharmonics. If the stimulus intensity is weak, the 1/2 subharmonics cannot be induced. When the stimulus intensity increases to a certain value, 1/2 subharmonics appear in the SSVEP, and their power increases sharply with the increasing stimulus intensity. However, when the stimulus intensity exceeds a certain threshold, the 1/2 subharmonics remain constant. The bandwidth of the stimulus frequency, which can induce 1/2 subharmonics increases with increasing stimulus intensity under the same noise condition. Generation of 1/2 subharmonics and its power are suppressed by noise.

BACKGROUND: Noise exposure in hospitals can negatively impact both patients and doctors. It can make patients feel more anxious or depressive and can impair doctors’ concentration or judgment, potentially leading to poor decision-making or performance. In China, an increasing number of outpatient operating rooms have emerged in recent years for the convenience of patients planning to undergo minor surgery. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of noise exposure in the outpatient operating room and ways to deal with it. METHODS: By monitoring noise at different locations in three hospitals, we analyzed the average noise exposure intensity affecting outpatient operative procedures. After noise monitoring, we made some constructive suggestions and other adjustments to reduce and lower the noise exposure in one outpatient operating room [the experimental operating room (EOR)] to observe the feasibility and effectiveness of noise control in and out of the outpatient operating room. RESULTS: Noise intensity in the outpatient operating room was significantly higher than that in the inpatient operating room (68.3±14.7 vs. 45.7±9.6, P

Neutrosophic set (NS) is a powerful tool to deal with indeterminacy. In this paper, the neutrosophic set is applied to the image domain and a novel edge detection technique is proposed. Noise reduction of images is a challenging task in image processing. Salt and pepper noise is one kind of noise that affects a grayscale image significantly. Generally, the median filter is used to reduce salt and pepper noise; it gives optimum results while compared to other image filters. Median filter works only up to a certain level of noise intensity. Here we proposed a neighborhood-based image filter called nbd-filter, it works perfectly for gray image regardless of noise intensity. It reduces salt and pepper noise significantly at any noise level and produces a noise-free image. Further, we proposed an edge detection algorithm based on the neutrosophic set, it detectsedges efficiently for images corrupted by noise and noise-free images. Since most of the real-life images consists of indeterminate regions, neutrosophy is a perfect tool for edge detection. The main advantage of the proposed edge detector is, it is a simple and efficient technique and detect edges more efficient than conventional edge detectors.

Objective: The main objective of this article was to present some of the engineering noise control methods that are currently being used across the world in the mining industry, while at the same time interrogating noise control measures that could be applied to effectively reduce noise emissions from the equipment utilised within South African mines. Background: A brief summary of the hearing conservation programmes used in South Africa is presented. Summarised research on the use of engineering noise control in South Africa is also presented, with an overview of the various engineering noise control methods applied across the world in dealing with occupational noise. Method: For illustrative purposes, case studies were used to show how engineering noise controls could be used to reduce the noise levels and risks within this context. Results: Some of the case studies used have cited a reduction in the noise intensity emitted by machinery from a range of 93 dBA – 104 dBA to a range of 90 dBA – 94 dBA, demonstrating quite a significant reduction in the noise emission of the equipment. This article further provides recommendations on how South African mines could contextualise these methods. Conclusion: One of the key recommendations is encouraging the South African mining industry towards the documenting and publishing of those engineering noise control methodologies that have proven to be effective for shared best practice. A need was identified for extensive research to be conducted and documented evidence to be made available to assist the South African mining industry with locating and assessing current engineering controls available in South Africa. Machines and processes that require noise control should be identified and, lastly, the current barriers to the use of engineering noise control methodologies should be identified, with the main goals of finding ways to overcome the noise challenges in the mines.

The expression of genes is inevitably subject to intracellular noise. Noise, for some regulatory networks, is constructive but detrimental to many others. The intensity of the noise is a determinan...

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In the paper, the concept of logical stochastic resonance is applied to implement logic operation and latch operation in time-delayed synthetic genetic networks derived from a bacteriophage λ. Clear logic operation and latch operation can be obtained when the network is tuned by modulated periodic force and time-delay. In contrast with the previous synthetic genetic networks based on logical stochastic resonance, the proposed system has two advantages. On one hand, adding modulated periodic force to the background noise can increase the length of the optimal noise plateau of obtaining desired logic response and make the system adapt to varying noise intensity. On the other hand, tuning time-delay can extend the optimal noise plateau to larger range. The result provides possible help for designing new genetic regulatory networks paradigm based on logical stochastic resonance.

With the rapid development of urbanization, collecting and analyzing traffic flow data are of great significance to build intelligent cities. The paper proposes a novel traffic data collection method based on wireless sensor network (WSN), which cannot only collect traffic flow data, but also record the speed and position of vehicles. On this basis, the paper proposes a data analysis method based on incremental noise addition for traffic flow data, which provides a criterion for chaotic identification. The method adds noise of different intensities to the signal incrementally by an improved surrogate data method and uses the delayed mutual information to measure the complexity of signals. Based on these steps, the trend of complexity change of mixed signal can be used to identify signal characteristics. The numerical experiments show that, based on incremental noise addition, the complexity trends of periodic data, random data, and chaotic data are different. The application of the method opens a new way for traffic flow data collection and analysis.

In this paper, the dynamics of a stochastic glucose-insulin model with impulsive injection of insulin are investigated analytically and numerically. Firstly, we show that the system admits unique positive global solution starting from the positive initial value, which is a prerequisite for analyzing the long-term behavior of the stochastic model. Then, according to the theory of Khasminskii, we show that there exists at least one nontrivial positive periodic solution. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to support our theoretical results. It is found that: (i) The presence of environmental noises is capable of supporting the irregular oscillation of blood glucose level, and the average level of the glucose always increases with the increase in noise intensity. (ii) The higher the volatility of the environmental noises, the more difficult the prediction of the peak size of blood glucose level.

Usually noise or fluctuations play detrimental role for the system’s functionality because they lead to disordering, blurring, or desynchronisation. However, it would be misleading to state that noise cannot play a constructive role. Since 1980s we know that under certain conditions in nonlinear systems increase of the noise intensity surprisingly can lead to ordering. Moreover, the mechanisms lying behind this effect can be very complex: it may happen that one noise source is responsible for support of the necessary system’s features, whereas another noise source will help to synchronise with the external signal. Such effects are called doubly stochastic effects.

Noise, a common physical hazard in many workplaces, may affect different aspects of human cognitive function. In this study, the effect of exposure to noise on some aspects of cognitive function was assessed in industrial workers. This was a cross-sectional study on 84 individuals exposed to noise level higher than 85 dBA in a metal industry (noise group), comparing a group of workers from the same industry (n = 80) with exposure to noise level lower than 80 dBA (control group). The individuals in the noise group were classified as well according to noise intensity into: high exposure (90 dBA and higher) and low exposure (between 85 and 90 dBA). Selective attention score, divided attention score, selective response time, divided response time, and memory scale were measured before and after work shift. Data were analyzed by SPSS (Ver. 16) using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, paired t test, Student’s t test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare mean difference of the variables between two groups. p

This article designs an effective consensus control protocol for continuous-time second-order time-delayed multiagent systems in a multiplicative noisy environment, using absolute velocity and relative position measurements. The nonlinear case and double-integrator case are studied, respectively. Due to the time delay and multiplicative noise in such models, the conventional methods for consensus analysis are not applicable. In this article, therefore, a degenerated Lyapunov functional is used to derive the conditions for mean-square consensus and almost-sure consensus, related to the Lipschitz constants of the nonlinear term, time delay, and noise intensity. In particular, for the double-integrator setting, it is shown that the mean-square consensus and the almost-sure consensus can be achieved by choosing appropriate control gains for any given time delay and noise intensity. To show the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol, some numerical simulations are demonstrated.

Malaria is one of the world’s most serious health problems because of the increasing number of cases every year. First, we discuss a deterministic model of epidemic SIR-SI spread of malaria with the intervention of bed nets and fumigation. We found that the malaria-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable (LAS) when $\mathcal{R}_{0} R0<1 and unstable otherwise. A malaria endemic equilibrium exists and is LAS when $\mathcal{R}_{0} >1$R0>1. Sensitivity analysis of $\mathcal{R}_{0} $R0 shows that the use of bed nets and fumigation can reduce $\mathcal{R}_{0}$R0. We modify the previous model into a stochastic differential equation model to understand the effect of random environmental factors on the spread of malaria. Numerical simulations show that when $\mathcal{R}_{0} >1$R0>1, a greater value of noise intensity σ generates a solution that is different from a deterministic solution; when $\mathcal{R}_{0} R0<1, regardless of the σ value, the solution approaches a deterministic solution. Then the deterministic model was modified into an optimal control model to determine the best strategy in controlling the spread of malaria by using fumigation as the control variable. Numerical simulations show that periodic fumigations cost less than constant intervention and can reduce the number of infected humans. Priority is given to the endemic prevention strategy rather than to the endemic reduction strategy. For more effective intervention, the value of $\mathcal{R}_{0}$R0 should receive close attention. A potentially endemic ($\mathcal{R}_{0}>1$R0>1) environment requires more frequent fumigation than an environment that is not potentially endemic ($\mathcal{R}_{0}R0<1). A combination of the use of bed nets and fumigation can reduce the number of infected individuals at minimal cost.

We studied fluctuation-induced switching processes in the gene transcriptional regulatory system under cross-correlated sine-Wiener (CCSW) noises. It is numerically demonstrated that the increase of the multiplicative noise intensity A and cross-correlation time τ in CCSW noises can reduce the concentration of the TF-A monomer and switch to an "off" state. In addition, when the cross-correlation time τ is small, the increase of the additive noise intensity B leads to a switch of the process from "off"→"on". Simultaneously, the increase of the cross-correlation intensity λ of CCSW noises contributes to maintaining the current state. When the cross-correlation time is large, the high concentration state has two peaks and the stationary probability distribution presents a three-peak structure.