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The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and oral microbiota is still insufficiently recognized. In the present study, we compared the salivary microbiome of nondiabetic individuals, treatment-naïve diabetic patients, and diabetic patients treated with metformin or a combination of insulin and other drugs. The α- and β-diversity demonstrated significant differences in the salivary microbiome between the nondiabetic people and patients with a history of diabetes, while little divergence was found among individuals with a history of diabetes. After characterizing the effects of periodontitis on the microbial composition of each group, the salivary microbiome of the treatment-naïve diabetic patient group was compared with that of nondiabetic people and the metformin/combined treatment groups. The results revealed changes in the contents of certain bacteria after both the onset and the treatment of diabetes; among these differential bacteria, Blautia_wexlerae, Lactobacillus_fermentum, Nocardia_coeliaca and Selenomonas_artemidis varied in all processes. A subsequent correlational analysis of the differential bacteria and clinical characteristics demonstrated that salivary microbes were related to drug treatment and certain pathological changes. Finally, the four common differential bacteria were employed for distinguishing the treatment-naïve diabetic patients from the nondiabetic people and the treated patients, with prediction accuracies of 83.3%, 75% and 75%, respectively.

Проведен анализ таксономического состава бактериальных сообществ в донных отложениях малых рек, расположенных в разных географических зонах: Южном Урале, Приволжской возвышенности и Окско-Донской низменности Русской равнины. В исследованиях применен метод газовой хромато-масс спектрометрии, The analysis of the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in the bottom sediments of small rivers located in different geographical areas: South Ural, Volga Upland and the Oka-Don Lowland of the Russian Plain was carried out. The method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used in the studies.

Aiming to identify factors causing the adverse health effects associated with moisture damaged indoor environments, we analyzed immunotoxicological potential of settled dust from moisture damaged and reference schools in relation to their microbiological composition. Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to settled dust samples (n= 25) collected from moisture damaged and reference schools in Spain, The Netherlands and Finland. After exposure, we analyzed production of inflammatory markers [nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)2] as well as mitochondrial activity, viability, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, particle counts, concentration of selected microbial groups as well as chemical markers ergosterol, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, muramic acid, endotoxins and glucans were measured as markers of exposure. Dust from moisture damaged schools in Spain and The Netherlands induced stronger immunotoxicological responses compared to samples from reference schools; the responses to Finnish samples were generally lower with no difference between the schools. In multivariate analysis, IL-6 and apoptosis responses were most strongly associated with moisture status of the school. The measured responses correlated with several microbial markers and numbers of particles, but the most important predictor of the immunotoxicological potential of settled dust was muramic acid concentration, a marker of Gram positive bacteria. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.