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Background: Low-serum levels of magnesium, phosphate, and zinc are observed in many intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but clinical equipoise exists regarding supplementation strategies. We aimed to assess the desirable and undesirable effects of supplementation with magnesium, phosphate, or zinc in adult ICU patients. Methods: We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials assessing the effects of supplementation with magnesium, phosphate, or zinc in adult ICU patients. Primary outcomes were mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation. We registered the protocol, followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement, used the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool, and the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach for assessing the certainty of the evidence. Results: We identified no low risk of bias trials. For magnesium supplementation, we included three trials (n = 235); the relative risk (RR) for mortality was 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.96 compared to no supplementation (very low certainty of evidence). For zinc supplementation, two trials were included (n = 168); the RR for mortality was 0.73, 95% CI 0.41–1.28 compared to control. No trials assessed the effects of phosphate supplementation on mortality. For outcomes other than mortality, only zero or one trial was available. Conclusions: In adult ICU patients, the certainty of evidence for the effects of supplementation with magnesium, phosphate, or zinc was very low. High-quality trials are needed to assess the value of supplementation strategies in these patients.

Studies which focused on relations between the perception of leisure and well-being concepts are observed frequently in literature. Studies that measure the relationship between “life satisfaction” and “leisure satisfaction” concepts are prominent within these studies. The aim of this study was to get a cumulative result by integrating the findings of the studies examining the same concepts through meta-analysis. For this purpose, academic studies published between 1999 and 2019 were screened and included from several databases. As a result, 21 studies were found fulfilling the inclusion criterion, set by the researchers, in order to retrieve studies presenting a correlation coefficient between variables “life satisfaction” and “leisure satisfaction”. This search resulted with a sample size of 83,632. The overall sample consisted of women, disabled individuals, residents of a defined district, university students, immigrants, and adults from various countries. Studies were analyzed by the free trial version of Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software 2.0 (CMA 2.0). Findings indicated that leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction showed a positive relationship with a medium level of effect size. Future researchers who will address these concepts in their studies would benefit from conducting moderating analyses to explore how concepts in issue vary depending on the characteristics of the study, such as the sample characteristics.

[EN] Review articles or literature reviews are a critical part of scientific research. While numerous guides on literature reviews exist, these are often limited to the philosophy of review procedures, protocols, and nomenclatures, triggering non-parsimonious reporting and confusion due to overlapping similarities. To address the aforementioned limitations, we adopt a pragmatic approach to demystify and shape the academic practice of conducting literature reviews. We concentrate on the types, focuses, considerations, methods, and contributions of literature reviews as independent, standalone studies. As such, our article serves as an overview that scholars can rely upon to navigate the fundamental elements of literature reviews as standalone and independent studies, without getting entangled in the complexities of review procedures, protocols, and nomenclatures., Open access funding provided by Libera Universita di Bolzano within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.

Background Representation of all members of society within research, especially those typically underserved, is needed to ensure that trial evidence applies to the relevant population, and that effective interventions are available to all. The lack of appropriate and representative options in demographic questions around sex, gender and sexuality may result in the exclusion of LGBTQIA + people from health research. Main body Sex and gender are not the same, yet this is rarely recognised in trial data collection, with the terms sex and gender often being used interchangeably. Sex or gender is often used as a stratification factor at randomisation and/or to define sub-groups at the time of data analysis, so correct data collection is essential for producing high-quality science. Sexuality also suffers from ‘othering’ with identities not being acknowledged but simply provided as an alternative to the perceived main identities. When collecting sexuality information, it is important to consider the purposes of collecting this data. Conclusion We call on those involved in trials to consider how sex, gender and sexuality data are collected, with an active consideration of inclusivity. Through the description of all non-straight, non-cisgender people as ‘other’ you may be ignoring the needs of these populations and doing science, yourself, and them a disservice. Inclusivity may require small but important changes to ensure your research findings are inclusive and develop the evidence base for often overlooked populations.

OBJECTIVE: Autonomic imbalance in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is characterized by reduced parasympathetic and enhanced sympathetic activity. Aerobic exercise improves autonomic function in patients with CHF and CVD. However, little is known about the effects of resistance training (RT) on cardiac autonomic function. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of RT added on aerobic training on autonomic function in patients with CHF and CVD. DATA SOURCES: The relevant clinical trials were searched in PubMed, Physiotherapy evidence Database (PEDro, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords, “resistance or strength training”, “chronic heart failure”, “coronary artery disease”, “myocardial infarction”, “hypertension”, “cardiovascular disease”, “heart rate variability (HRV)”, “heart rate recovery (HRR)”, “muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA)”, and “autonomic function”. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twelve articles with 323 subjects were eligible to be evaluated. The outcome measures included HRV, HRR, and MSNA. There were seven studies on CHF, two on CAD, and three studies on hypertension. Meta-analysis of all the studies showed that combined RT and aerobic training decreased MSNA significantly in patients with CHF and CAD (mean difference: −3.796; CI: −6.779 to 0.813; p=0.013; I(2)=93.5%). No study evaluated the effects of RT or combined training on HRR. CONCLUSION: We could not find sufficient data about the effects of RT alone on HRV and HRR, but the results showed that combined RT and aerobic training improved MSNA in patients with CHF and CAD, significantly. Further studies with similar methodological principles on the same patient population are needed.

Objectives: In a recent paper we suggest that the relative risk (RR) be replaced with the odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure of choice in clinical epidemiology. In response, Chu, and colleagues raise several points that argue for the status quo. In this paper, we respond to their response. Study designs and Settings: We use the same examples given by Chu and colleagues to recompute estimates of effect and demonstrate the problem with the RR. Results: We reaffirm the following findings: a) the OR and RR measure different things and their numerical difference is only important if misinterpreted b) this potential misinterpretation is a trivial issue compared to the lack of portability of the RR c) the same examples reaffirm non-portability of the RR and demonstrate how misleading the results might be in contrast to the OR, which is independent of the baseline risk d) the concept of non-collapsibility for the OR should be expected in the presence of a non-confounding risk factor, and is not a bias e) the log link in regression models that generate RRs as well as the use of RRs in meta-analysis is shown to be problematic using the same examples. Conclusion: The OR should replace the RR in clinical research and meta-analyses though there should be conversion of the end product into ratios or differences of risk, solely, for interpretation. To this end we provide a Stata module (logittorisk) for this purpose. This work was made possible by Program Grant #NPRP10-0129-170274 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The findings herein reflect the work, and are solely the responsibility of the authors. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and the corresponding author had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. LFK is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Fellowship ( APP1158469 ). Scopus

Background:. Physical therapy is regarded as an essential aspect in achieving optimal outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made face-to-face rehabilitation inaccessible. Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly regarded as a potentially effective option for offering health care interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate VR-based rehabilitation's effectiveness on outcomes following TKA. Methods:. From inception to May 22, 2021, PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, PsycINFO, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang were comprehensively searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of VR-based rehabilitation on patients following TKA according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results:. Eight studies were included in the systematic review, and seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. VR-based rehabilitation significantly improved visual analog scale (VAS) scores within 1 month (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.79 to −0.08, P = 0.02), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) within 1 month (SMD: −0.71; 95% CI: −1.03 to −0.40, P

Background. Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disorder characterized by chronic lip inflammation, especially the lower lip, associated with accumulative exposure to solar radiation. The present study aimed to assess the possible risk factors related to AC. Methods. A search for studies on AC risk factors was conducted in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar. For dichotomous outcomes, the estimates of the effects of intervention were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) using Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method, and for continuous outcomes, the estimates of the effects of intervention were expressed as mean difference (MD) using the inverse variance (IV) method, both with 95% confidence intervals. Results. Twelve studies were considered in this meta-analysis. The factors from the highest to lowest risk of AC were having a low skin phototype (OR: 3.30), age >50 years (OR: 3.01), having high sun exposure, cumulative throughout life (OR: 2.13) as daily (OR: 2.00), being male (OR: 1.78), and being a drinker (OR: 1.56) or smoker (OR: 1.32). However, the use of sunscreen creams and caps/hats to protect against the sun were factors with no significant influence on the AC risk. Conclusion. Chronic sun exposure in subjects with low skin phototypes is the main risk factor for AC.

Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions use websites and smartphone apps to deliver ACT exercises and skills. The present meta-analysis provides a comprehensive review of online ACT self-help interventions, characterizing the programs that have been studied (e.g. platform, length, content) and analyzing their efficacy. A transdiagnostic approach was taken, including studies that addressed a range of targeted problems and populations. Multi-level meta-analyses were used to nest multiple measures of a single construct within their respective studies. A total of 53 randomized controlled trials were included (n = 10,730). Online ACT produced significantly greater outcomes than waitlist controls at post-treatment for anxiety, depression, quality of life, psychological flexibility, and all assessed outcomes (i.e. omnibus effect), which were generally maintained at follow-up. However, only psychological flexibility and all assessed outcomes at post-treatment were found to be significantly greater for online ACT when compared to active controls, with no significant follow-up effects. Overall, these results further clarify that ACT can be effectively delivered in an online format to target a wide range of mental health concerns, although it is less clear if and when online ACT is more efficacious than other online interventions.

Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of cancer-related death across the world. The prognosis is dismal for patient populations. The 5-year survival is reportedly 5% in advanced cases. At present, immunotherapies are being tested in Phase 3 trials to improve therapeutic outcomes. This meta-analysis seeks to collate evidence from Phase 3 clinical trials administering PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to patients with esophageal cancer.

This preregistration concerns a sample of experiments run by students in Stanford Psych 251/254, a set of courses offered from AY2011-2012 to AY2022-2023. Students completed replication projects, collecting new data on previously published experiments.

OBJECTIVE: Although His bundle pacing (HBP) has shown an improved therapeutic effect than conventional pacing in terms of reducing cardiovascular mortality, the basic characteristics of HBP has not been defined systematically. Therefore, a systematical review and meta-analysis on the HBP characteristics can be timely and favorable. In this study, we aimed to clarify the electrocardiogram and echocardiographic characteristics of the pre- and post-operation of HBP. METHODS: Patients with HBP were exclusively included in this study. By evaluating their electrocardiogram characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, and cardiac function, the therapeutic effect of HBP was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies were included in the analysis. The overall implant success rate for HBP was 83.64%. After HBP treatment, the paced QRS duration dropped from 147.73±19.46 ms to 116.84±17.32 ms (p

All parasites are heterogeneous in space, yet little is known about the prevalence and scale of this spatial variation, particularly in wild animal systems. To address this question, we sought to identify and examine spatial dependence of wildlife disease across a wide range of systems.Conducting a broad literature search, we collated 31 such datasets featuring 89 replicates and 71 unique host-parasite combinations, only 51% of which had previously been used to test spatial hypotheses. We analysed these datasets for spatial dependence within a standardised modelling framework using Bayesian linear models, and we then meta-analysed the results to identify generalised determinants of the scale and magnitude of spatial autocorrelation.We detected spatial autocorrelation in 48/89 model replicates (54%) across 21/31 datasets (68%), spread across parasites of all groups. Even some very small study areas (under 0.01km2) exhibited substantial spatial variation.Despite the common manifestation of spatial variation, our meta-analysis was unable to identify host-, parasite-, or sampling-level determinants of this heterogeneity across systems. Parasites of all transmission modes had easily detectable spatial patterns, implying that structured contact networks and susceptibility effects are potentially as important in spatially structuring disease as are environmental drivers of transmission efficiency.Our findings demonstrate that fine-scale spatial patterns of infection manifest frequently and across a range of wild animal systems, and many studies are able to investigate them whether or not the original aim of the study was to examine spatially varying processes. Given the widespread nature of these findings, studies should more frequently record and analyse spatial data, facilitating development and testing of spatial hypotheses in disease ecology. Ultimately, this may pave the way for an a priori predictive framework for spatial variation in novel host-parasite systems.

Background:. It is crucial to differentiate accurately glioma recurrence and pseudoprogression which have entirely different prognosis and require different treatment strategies. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) as a tool for distinguishing glioma recurrence and pseudoprogression. Methods:. According to particular criteria of inclusion and exclusion, related studies up to May 1, 2019, were thoroughly searched from several databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese biomedical databases. The quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies was applied to evaluate the quality of the included studies. By using the “mada” package in R, the heterogeneity, overall sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. Moreover, funnel plots were used to visualize and estimate the publication bias in this study. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was computed to display the diagnostic efficiency of DCE-MRI. Results:. In the present meta-analysis, a total of 11 studies covering 616 patients were included. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.792 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.707–0.857), 0.779 (95% CI 0.715–0.832), and 16.219 (97.5% CI 9.123–28.833), respectively. The value of the area under the SROC curve was 0.846. In addition, the SROC curve showed high sensitivities (>0.6) and low false positive rates (

Backgrounds:. Previous surveys have found that children with iron deficiency (ID) were likely to suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). We aimed to assess the scientific evidence about whether ID is intrinsically related to ECC. Methods:. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and free words were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals from March 2020 to September 2020. Two researchers independently screened the articles. Data extraction and cross-checking were performed for the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.3 software. Results:. After excluding duplication and irrelevant literature, 12 case-control studies were included in the study. The meta-analysis demonstrated that children with ECC were more likely to have ID (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.85, 3.73], P

Although attention to populism is ever-increasing, the concept remains contested. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of populism research and identifies tendencies to a conflation of host ideologies and populism in political science through a two-step analysis. First, we conduct a quantitative review of 884 abstracts from 2004 to 2018 using text-as-data methods. We show that scholars sit at “separate tables,” divided by geographical foci, methods, and host ideologies. Next, our qualitative analysis of 50 articles finds a common conflation of populism with other ideologies, resulting in the analytical neglect of the former. We, therefore, urge researchers to properly distinguish populism from “what it travels with” and engage more strongly with the dynamic interlinkages between thin and thick ideologies.

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Background: Resistance training is the gold standard exercise mode for accrual of lean muscle mass, but the isolated effect of resistance training on body fat is unknown. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated resistance training for body composition outcomes in healthy adults. Our primary outcome was body fat percentage; secondary outcomes were body fat mass and visceral fat. Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data Sources: We searched five electronic databases up to January 2021. Eligibility Criteria: We included randomised trials that compared full-body resistance training for at least 4 weeks to no-exercise control in healthy adults. Analysis: We assessed study quality with the TESTEX tool and conducted a rand.om-effects meta-analysis, with a subgroup analysis based on measurement type (scan or non-scan) and sex (male or female), and a meta-regression for volume of resistance training and training components Results: From 11,981 records, we included 58 studies in the review, with 54 providing data for a meta-analysis. Mean study quality was 9/15 (range 6–15). Compared to the control, resistance training reduced body fat percentage by − 1.46% (95% confidence interval − 1.78 to − 1.14, p < 0.0001), body fat mass by − 0.55 kg (95% confidence interval − 0.75 to − 0.34, p < 0.0001) and visceral fat by a standardised mean difference of − 0.49 (95% confidence interval − 0.87 to − 0.11, p = 0.0114). Measurement type was a significant moderator in body fat percentage and body fat mass, but sex was not. Training volume and training components were not associated with effect size. Summary/Conclusions: Resistance training reduces body fat percentage, body fat mass and visceral fat in healthy adults. Study Registration: osf.io/hsk32.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural drainage for pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) has become the first-line treatment with quicker recovery and more minor injury compared with surgery and percutaneous drainage. The efficacy of stents implantation and drainage for different PFCs remains controversial, especially lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of LAMS drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC) and walled-off necrosis (WON). Methods: A meta-analysis was performed for LAMS drainage for WON and PPC by systematically searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases from January 2010 to January 2020. From 2017 to 2019, 12 patients who were treated with LAMS drainage for PFCs in our medical center were also reviewed and included in this study. Results: Combining 11 copies of documents with the data from our medical center, a total of 585 patients with PFCs were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 343 patients with WON and 242 with PPC. The technical success rate in WON is not significantly different from that of PPC (P = 0.08 > 0.05). The clinical success of LAMS placement was achieved in 99% vs 89% in PPC and WON, respectively (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98, P = 0.01

Revisión sistemática con meta-análisis sobre la asociación estadística entre las creencias racionales e irracionales, conceptualizadas desde la Terapia Racional Emotiva Conductual, y la satisfacción con la vida, que es la dimensión cognitiva del bienestar subjetivo.

Search strategy for the article: Aminoff, S. R., I. N. Onyeka, M. Ødegaard, C. Simonsen, T. V. Lagerberg, O. A. Andreassen, K. L. Romm, og I. Melle. «Lifetime and Point Prevalence of Psychotic Symptoms in Adults with Bipolar Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis». Psychological Medicine, 26. august 2022, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172200201X. Protocol: "Lifetime and point prevalence of psychotic symptoms in adults with bipolar disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number CRD42017052706. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=52706 The data represents copy of the search histories for "Lifetime and point prevalence of psychotic symptoms in adults with bipolar disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Databases searched are Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), PsycInfo (Ovid), and Cochrane Library Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Library Wiley) and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library Wiley). The searches where done 20170108 and updated 20210805.

The importance of emotion understanding (EU) or emotion knowledge for many aspects of child’s functioning has been widely studied and confirmed in the domains of peer relations (Lindsey, 2017), social competence (Trentacosta & Fine, 2010), prosocial behavior (Ensor & Hughes, 2005) and prosocial orientation (Eggum et al., 2011), kindergarten and school adjustment (Di Maggio, Zappulla, & Pace, 2016; Garrett-Peters, Castro, & Halberstadt, 2016), and school success (Voltmer & von Salisch, 2017), among others. The development of EU has been linked not only to social factors (e.g., Ogren & Johnson, 2020), but also to cognitive functioning, including verbal ability (e.g., Pons, Lawson, Harris, & de Rosnay, 2003), nonverbal intelligence (e.g., Albanese et al., 2010), and executive function (e.g., Leerkes et al., 2008). The area of executive function (EF) may be of special interest, as this relation may differ depending on the component of EF (e.g., Li et al., 2020), and the direction of this relation may well be mutual (e.g. Farrell & Gilpin, 2021). As the preschool years are the time of rapid development of both EU and EF (also with relation to the sequence of developing EF components), this age range seems of significant importance to understanding the relation between these two domains of development. Despite the growing number of studies on EF-EU relation in children, there is no systemative review of the findings in this area of research. Therefore the present meta-analysis aimed to explore the relation between emotion understanding and several components of executive function, as well as potential moderators of this relation (e.g., children's age, the design of the study, etc.) in preschool children .

Stress is a major problem among university students around the globe as they have to cope with numerous stress factors and transitional life events. Stress prevalence varies across countries; however studies suggest that approximately half of the student body experiences significant levels of stress (Regehr, Glancy, & Pitts, 2013). Even though stress is an advantageous stimulation for human thriving (Alzahem, Van Der Molen, Alaujan, Schmidt, & Zamakhshary, 2011), ongoing high levels of stress may lead to negative outcomes, such as psychological distress, anxiety, depression, physical illness, substance abuse, and impaired work-related and academic performance (Alzahem et al., 2011; Misra & Castillo, 2004; Storrie, Ahern, & Tuckett, 2010). Due to potential burden and negative consequences stress could bring, effective interventions for helping university students alleviate their stress are needed. A variety of interventions have been created to reduce stress level in university students for example psychoeducation, relaxation training, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), social support, coping skills training, and mindfulness training (Yusufov, Nicoloro-Santabarbara, Grey, Moyer, & Lobel, 2018). Various meta-analyses and systematic reviews have evaluated such stress reduction interventions both in non-student and student samples. In these studies stress Management Interventions (SMIs) have been found to be effective reducing stress among student population (Davies, Morriss, & Glazebrook, 2014; Regehr et al., 2013; Yusufov et al., 2018), and increasing students’ quality of life (Ribeiro et al., 2018). However, most of the studies have been conducted in Western countries while the potential benefit of SMIs are less well-established for students in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). It is also important to examine whether SMIs are as effective among university students in LMICs and this will overcome a current knowledge gap. Studies also show that students from LMIC report additional stressors such as being sole financial providers for their family, living in a war zone or isolated area, inadequate health resources, lack of water, and poor study conditions (Awino & Agolla, 2008; Ogba et al., 2019). These conditions may provide unique stressors for university students from LMIC compared to higher income countries which in turn may influence the impact and effectiveness of treatment. The present study investigates available evidence for the effect of stress management interventions on stress symptoms among university students in LMICs. A quantitative evaluation will follow if we find sufficient studies.

A systematic Review & Meta Analysis

The purpose of this meta-analytic study is to determine the magnitude of the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational identification, as well as whether there is a significant effect of sector variable on this relationship. In this context, the current meta-analysis contains 22 papers published between 2017 and 2022 that examined the relationships between job satisfaction and organizational identification, including correlation coefficient and sample size data and met the research's selection criteria. The "Fisher Z" coefficient was applied to compute the effect size between job satisfaction and organizational identity using the random-effect model. Data was analyzed using Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0. Based on the findings, the overall effect size between job satisfaction and organizational identification was high and positive. In addition, the relationship between job satisfaction and organizatonal identification was moderated sector variable., Bu meta analiz çalışmasının amacı, iş tatmini ve örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişki düzeyinin belirlenmesi ile birlikte, iş tatmini ile örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişkide sektör değişkeninin anlamlı etkisinin olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Bu bağlamda, 2017-2022 yılları arasında, iş tatmini ve örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişkileri ele alan, korelasyon katsayısı ve örneklem büyüklüğü verilerini içeren ve araştırmanın seçim kriterine uygun olan 22 çalışma mevcut meta analiz çalışmasına dahil edilmiştir. İş tatmini ve örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki etki büyüklüğünün belirlenmesinde rastgele etkiler modeli kullanılmış olup bu değerin hesaplanmasında “Fisher Z” katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0. istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, iş tatmini ve örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki genel etki büyüklüğünün yüksek düzeyde ve pozitif yönde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, iş tatmini ve örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişkide sektör değişkeninin düzenleyici etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür.

Storms represent a major disturbance factor in forest ecosystems, but the effects of windthrows on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are poorly quantified. Here, we assessed the SOC stocks of windthrown forests at 19 sites across Switzerland spanning an elevation gradient from 420 to 1550 m, encompassing a strong climatic gradient. Results show that the effect size of disturbance on SOC stocks increases with the size of the initial SOC stocks. The largest windthrow-induced SOC losses of up to 29 t C ha−1 occurred in high-elevation forests with a harsh climate developing thick organic layers. In contrast, SOC stocks of low-elevation forests with thin organic layers were hardly affected. A mineralization study further revealed high elevation forests to store higher amounts of easily mineralizable C in thick organic layers that got lost following windthrow. These findings are supported by a meta-analysis of available windthrow studies, showing an increase of storm-induced SOC losses with the size of the initial SOC stocks. Modelling simulations further indicate longer-lasting SOC losses and a slower recovery of SOC stocks after windthrow at high compared to low elevations, due to a slower regeneration of mountain forests and associated lower C inputs into soils in a harsh climate. Upscaling the experimental findings/observed patterns by linking them to a data base of Swiss forest soils shows a total SOC loss of ∼0.4 Mt. C for the whole forested area of Switzerland after two major storm events, counteracting the forest net carbon sink of decades. Our study provides strong evidence that the vulnerability of SOC stocks to windthrow is particularly high in forests featuring thick and slowly forming organic layers, such as mountain soils. Thus, the risk of losing SOC to more frequent windthrows in mountain forests strongly limits their potential to mitigate climate change., Science of The Total Environment, 857, ISSN:0048-9697, ISSN:1879-1026

Background:. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used in advanced gastric cancer, but the effects on safety and survival are still controversial. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the overall survival and short-term surgical outcomes between neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NACS) and surgery alone (SA) for locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods:. Databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) were explored for relative studies from January 2000 to January 2021. The quality of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies was evaluated using the modified Jadad scoring system and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, respectively. The Review Manager software (version 5.3) was used to perform this meta-analysis. The overall survival was evaluated as the primary outcome, while perioperative indicators and post-operative complications were evaluated as the secondary outcomes. Results:. Twenty studies, including 1420 NACS cases and 1942 SA cases, were enrolled. The results showed that there were no significant differences in overall survival (P = 0.240), harvested lymph nodes (P = 0.200), total complications (P = 0.080), and 30-day post-operative mortality (P = 0.490) between the NACS and SA groups. However, the NACS group was associated with a longer operation time (P

Objective To investigate systematically previous studies on the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted diagnostic models in detecting esophageal neoplasms on endoscopic images so as to provide scientific evidence for the effectiveness of these models. Methods A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases for studies on the AI‐assisted detection of esophageal neoplasms on endoscopic images published up to December 2020. A bivariate mixed‐effects regression model was used to calculate the pooled diagnostic efficacy of AI‐assisted system. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. The effectiveness of AI‐assisted models was also compared with that of the endoscopists. Results Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve regarding AI‐assisted detection of esophageal neoplasms were 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] 92%‐96%), 85% (95% CI 73%‐92%), 6.40 (95% CI 3.38‐12.11), 0.06 (95% CI 0.04‐0.10), 98.88 (95% CI 39.45‐247.87) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95‐0.98), respectively. AI‐based models performed better than endoscopists in terms of the pooled sensitivity (94% [95% CI 84%‐98%] vs 82% [95% CI 77%‐86%, P

Patients with rheumatic diseases are often more susceptible to different bacteria and viruses because of immune impairment, but it is not clear whether there is a higher risk of infection and a more serious course of disease for novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). We performed this systematic review and meta analysis to assess the risk and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases compared with the general population. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases from January 1, 2020 to October 20, 2020 to determine epidemiological information related to patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19, including clear risk estimate or data that could be converted and extracted. We included 26 observational studies, totaling about 2000 patients with rheumatic diseases of whom were infected with COVID-19. Meta-analysis showed that the risk of COVID-19 infection in rheumatic patients was significantly higher than that in the general population (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.24–1.88, P = 0.000). In terms of hospitalization and severe clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19, we found that rheumatic patients showed similar results to the reference population (hospitalization OR = 1.36, 95% CI 0.81–2.29, P = 0.247; admitted to ICU OR = 1.94, 95% CI 0.88–4.27, P = 0.098; death OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.84–1.97, P = 0.248). The presence of comorbidities, hypertension, lung diseases were significantly associated with the increased risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization in rheumatic patients and anti-TNF drugs were associated with lower hospitalization risk. Older age was related to severe COVID-19. Our meta-analysis indicated that rheumatic patients were at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection but might not lead to a more serious disease process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00296-021-04803-9.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic disease characterized by intense facial pain that is caused by trigeminal nerve affectation. It usually affects adults from 50 years of age, and is more frequent in women. Additionally, it presents serious psychological effects that often lead to depression, which is why it is considered highly disabling. The therapeutic approach is based on the modification of nerve activity through electrical, surgical or chemical stimulation in specific regions of the nervous system. Objective: To perform a meta-analysis of the scientific literature related to invasive and non-invasive electrical neuromodulation of trigeminal neuralgia, in order to assess their effects over pain and adverse effects. Methods: A literature search was conducted in 4 databases, followed by a manual search of articles on invasive or non-invasive electrical neuromodulation to control the pain of trigeminal neuralgia, including the last 15 years. Results: Regarding non-invasive methods, clinical trials did not present enough results in order to perform a meta-analysis. Regarding invasive methods, clinical trials meta-analysis showed no statistical differences between different treatment methods. In all cases, improvements in patients' pain were reported, although results regarding adverse effects were variable. Conclusion: In the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, the continuous radiofrequency provides better short and medium-term results, but pulsed radiofrequency shows less adverse effects after treatment, and has better results in the long-term.

The clinical effectiveness of Fire acupuncture in treatment of psoriasis Vulgaris was analyzed by Meta analysis.

This project will conduct a systematic review of conference papers that had been presented at the Japanese Psychological Association and the Japanese Society of Social Psychology.

Meta analysis reviewing relationship between the experience of ACEs and cognitive function in adulthood.

Maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is defined as the highest intensity of exercise where the balance between the production and removal of lactate in the blood occurs. The MLSS deermination is based on several tests carried out on different days using invasive procedures (i.e. blood sampling), making its use limited in practical situations. Therefore, since the 1980s, several other methods/protocols non-invasive and/or less time-consuming have been used to estimate the MLSS. In addition, much debate in the literature has been done about the validity of estimating MLSS by these methods/tests. Because of the large number of studies and methods/tests and the great variability among them, several meta-analyses will be carried out separately for each type of predictor, as follow: 1- Maximal lactate steady state versus lactate thresholds methods; 2- Maximal lactate steady state versus non-invasive thresholds methods from incremental exercise testing; 3- Maximal lactate steady state versus lactate minimum testing; and 4- Maximal lactate steady state versus performance measures, including time-trials and critical power calculations.

We propose a new empirical strategy useful for replicating empirical effects in psychological science.

Mental health disorders in parents not only have an impact on their own but also on their children’s lives (Pierce et al., 2020; Rasic et al., 2014). Particularly in the first years of their lives, a secure parent-child-relationship constitutes a basic need, as attachment theory states (Sroufe, 1988). Because of their characteristic symptoms (e.g., having difficulty managing emotions and behavior), people with Borderline personality disorder (BPD) often have unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Thus, parents with BPD and their children may be at an increased risk of insecure attachment and consequently of adverse outcomes related to child adjustment compared to healthy parents. Although many studies investigated the negative impact of parental BPD on child adjustment (e.g., Abela et al., 2005; Barnow et al., 2013), a meta-analytic investigation is still lacking. A few years ago, authors conducted two narrative systematic reviews limited to mothers with BPD (as opposed to mothers and fathers; Eyden et al., 2016; Petfield et al., 2015), but did not aggregate individual study results via meta-analysis. Here, we plan to update this review by also including studies since 2016 as well as studies with fathers and by conducting a meta-analysis. In short, the aims of our study are: • Providing an update of the systematic reviews conducted by Eyden et al. (2016) and Petfield et al. (2015) • Conducting a formal meta-analysis on the impact of parental BPD on child adjustment • Providing clinical implications

The present meta-analysis aims to synthesize the available evidence regarding the association between non-paraphilic compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) and the comorbid psychiatric disorders. All psychiatric disorders will be examined listed in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) in section III, and the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11; World Health Organization, 2018) in chapter 6 (mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders).

This project will conduct a systematic review of conference papers that had been presented at the Japanese Psychological Association and the Japanese Society of Social Psychology. This is a revised version (revision 1) of our protocol preregistered at https://osf.io/9u8fg.

Proyek penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari roadmap penelitian ACeHAP (The Airlangga Centre for Health Policy).

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common symptomatic, inflammatory and immunological disorder of nasal mucosa results from allergen exposure triggered IgE response. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis varies according to different factors like genetic constitution, racial differences, socio-economic conditions, chances of exposure to different allergens, sex, growth stages. AR shows high prevalence among developed countries. AR is managed with first and second anti histamines (56%), intra nasal corticosteroids (25%) and mast cell stabilizers (19%). Prolonged usage of these medications is necessary in beating the disease as far as the recurrence is concerned. This may lead to numerous serious health hazards. Studies have shown that negative effects of sedative anti-histamines last to the succeeding day disturbing the day time performance. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis has done a lot of research, the effect is significant. There are no SR or protocol on acupoint catgut embedding for allergic rhinitis. Therefore, research on it is needed.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common symptomatic, inflammatory and immunological disorder of nasal mucosa results from allergen exposure triggered IgE response. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis varies according to different factors like genetic constitution, racial differences, socio-economic conditions, chances of exposure to different allergens, sex, growth stages. AR shows high prevalence among developed countries. AR is managed with first and second anti histamines (56%), intra nasal corticosteroids (25%) and mast cell stabilizers (19%). Prolonged usage of these medications is necessary in beating the disease as far as the recurrence is concerned. This may lead to numerous serious health hazards. Studies have shown that negative effects of sedative anti-histamines last to the succeeding day disturbing the day time performance. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis has done a lot of research, the effect is significant. There are no SR or protocol on heat-sensitive moxibustion therapy for allergic rhinitis. Therefore, research on it is needed.

As for May 21st 2020 we conducted three online searches in order to capture all the papers that assess collaborative dishonesty, as measured by the dyadic die rolling task (Weisel & Shalvi, 2015). We identified nine manuscripts in which studies were reported that employed the dyadic die rolling task. In January 2021, we expand our analyses to include additional tasks that capture collaborative dishonesty. We are interested in tasks allowing groups of participants to lie together. In these tasks, a group of participants has a motivation (financial or other) to misreport the true state of the world. Specifically, we focus on decisions that are either made (i) jointly by groups of participants, (ii) simultaneously by individuals whose outcomes are interdependent with other group members, or (iii) sequentially by individuals whose outcomes are interdependent with other group members. The inclusion criteria are outlined in detail in the call for papers (in the file attached). In order to capture the additional tasks that assess collaborative dishonesty we will: (1) Screen all the manuscripts captured in the three online searches we conducted (2) Conduct an additional online search on ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (3) Disseminate a call for papers in the following associations: Economic Science Association (ESA); Society of Judgement and Decision-Making (SJDM); European Association for Decision Making (EADM); Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), European Association for Social Psychology (EASP); and International Association for Research in Economic Psychology (IAREP) as well as relevant researchers in the behavioral ethics filed.

1. * Review title. The effectiveness of microneedling compared to placebo in the treatement of melasma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2. * Anticipated or actual start date. Give the date when the systematic review commenced, or is expected to commence. 28/02/2020 3. * Anticipated completion date. Give the date by which the review is expected to be completed. 20/04/2020 4. * Stage of review at time of this submission. Review stage Started Completed Preliminary searches Piloting of the study selection process Formal screening of search results against eligibility criteria Data extraction Risk of bias (quality) assessment Data analysis Provide any other relevant information about the stage of the review here (e.g. Funded proposal, protocol not yet finalised). 5. * Named contact. The named contact acts as the guarantor for the accuracy of the information presented in the register record. Adrian Bailey Email salutation (e.g. "Dr Smith" or "Joanne") for correspondence: Mr Bailey 6. * Named contact email. Give the electronic mail address of the named contact. abail082@uottawa.ca 7. Named contact address PLEASE NOTE this information will be published in the PROSPERO record so please do not enter private information Give the full postal address for the named contact. 4512 Appleton Side Road 8. Named contact phone number. Give the telephone number for the named contact, including international dialling code. 6138585029 9. * Organisational affiliation of the review. Full title of the organisational affiliations for this review and website address if available. This field may be completed as 'None' if the review is not affiliated to any organisation. University of Ottawa 10. * Review team members and their organisational affiliations. Give the personal details and the organisational affiliations of each member of the review team. Affiliation refers to groups or organisations to which review team members belong. NOTE: email and country are now mandatory fields for each person. Adrian Bailey - University of Ottawa Heidi Li - University of Ottawa 11. * Funding sources/sponsors. Give details of the individuals, organizations, groups or other legal entities who take responsibility for initiating, managing, sponsoring and/or financing the review. Include any unique identification numbers assigned to the review by the individuals or bodies listed. None 12. * Conflicts of interest. List any conditions that could lead to actual or perceived undue influence on judgements concerning the main topic investigated in the review. None 13. Collaborators. Give the name and affiliation of any individuals or organisations who are working on the review but who are not listed as review team members. NOTE: email and country are now mandatory fields for each person. None 14. * Review question. State the question(s) to be addressed by the review, clearly and precisely. Review questions may be specific or broad. It may be appropriate to break very broad questions down into a series of related more specific questions. Questions may be framed or refined using PI(E)COS where relevant. P = adult patients (>18 years old) with melasma I = microneedling C = control intervention (topical treatments, oral tranexamic acid, placebo) O = Melasma Area and Severity Index or modified Melasma Area and Severity Index S = Randomized controlled trial, Prospective studies 15. * Searches. State the sources that will be searched. Give the search dates, and any restrictions (e.g. language or publication period). Do NOT enter the full search strategy (it may be provided as a link or attachment.) A systematic search without date restrictions was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on March 4th, 2020, using a search strategy developed in conjunction with a librarian specializing in systematic review searches. The search strategy was consistent across all databases. 16. * Condition or domain being studied. Give a short description of the disease, condition or healthcare domain being studied. This could include health and wellbeing outcomes. Melasma is an acquired, symmetrical disorder of hypermelanosis that affects the sun-exposed areas of the skin. To-date, there does not exist a satisfactory treatment for melasma. A variety of topical and systemic treatments have been attempted, including laser therapy, oral and topical tranexamic acid, and combination therapies. In particular, many studies have explored the use of microneedling in melasma and have shown promising results. However, to-date, the literature lacks a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of microneedling in the treatment of melasma. 17. * Participants/population. Give summary criteria for the participants or populations being studied by the review. The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. Adult patients with melasma (>18 years old). Pediatric patients are excluded. 18. * Intervention(s), exposure(s). Give full and clear descriptions or definitions of the nature of the interventions or the exposures to be reviewed. Microneedling, either alone or in combination with another therapy. Ex. Platelet rich plasma, tranexamic acid (oral and topical), vitamin C, depigmentation serum. 19. * Comparator(s)/control. Where relevant, give details of the alternatives against which the main subject/topic of the review will be compared (e.g. another intervention or a non-exposed control group). The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any control. Ex. Placebo, microinjections. 20. * Types of study to be included. Give details of the types of study (study designs) eligible for inclusion in the review. If there are no restrictions on the types of study design eligible for inclusion, or certain study types are excluded, this should be stated. The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. All English-language full-text articles that report on microneedling or microneedling combined with another intervention, such as tranexamic acid, lasers, and platelet plasma, for the treatment of melasma are included. Eligible study designs include prospective cohort, randomized controlled trials (RCT), and quasi-randomized clinical trials. Included studies are required to be comparative, either through split-faced design or experimental and control group design. Studies that used microinjections or radiofrequency microneedling are excluded. Studies using baseline as a comparison are excluded along with retrospective cohort, case-reports, case series, reviews, and grey literature. 21. * Main outcome(s). Give the pre-specified main (most important) outcomes of the review, including details of how the outcome is defined and measured and when these measurement are made, if these are part of the review inclusion criteria. Outcome = Melasma Area and Severity Index. All variations of the MASI score (MASI and modified MASI) are accepted and will be directly compared. 175 words remaining * Measures of effect Please specify the effect measure(s) for you main outcome(s) e.g. relative risks, odds ratios, risk difference, and/or 'number needed to treat. Mean difference between Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores at baseline and endpoint for both the intervention and control groups. 22. * Additional outcome(s). List the pre-specified additional outcomes of the review, with a similar level of detail to that required for main outcomes. Where there are no additional outcomes please state ‘None’ or ‘Not applicable’ as appropriate to the review N/A * Measures of effect Please specify the effect measure(s) for you additional outcome(s) e.g. relative risks, odds ratios, risk difference, and/or 'number needed to treat. N/A 23. * Data extraction (selection and coding). Describe how studies will be selected for inclusion. State what data will be extracted or obtained. State how this will be done and recorded. In order to be included in the meta-analysis, studies have to provide the difference between Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores at baseline and endpoint for both the intervention and control groups or provide sufficient data for these values to be calculated. All variations of the MASI score (MASI and modified MASI) are accepted and directly compared. Studies using baseline as a comparison are excluded. In the next step, the characteristics and results of the studies will be extracted. This will include demographic data of each of the studies (authors, country of origin, date of publication) and details of the study’s design (age range, number, and sex of participants, interventions in the control group and experimental arm). The difference in MASI scores (mean and standard deviation) of the intervention and control groups between baseline and endpoint for each of the studies will be extracted or calculated. If necessary, ImageJ will be used to estimate values from figures, and corresponding authors will be contacted for missing data. Data will be stored and compared using Excel Software in duplicates. 24. * Risk of bias (quality) assessment. Describe the method of assessing risk of bias or quality assessment. State which characteristics of the studies will be assessed and any formal risk of bias tools that will be used. The Cochrane risk of bias tool 2 (reference) will be used to assess the quality of the included studies. Studies of any risk of bias will be included in the meta-analysis, but separate analysis will be conducted with these studies excluded. 25. * Strategy for data synthesis. Provide details of the planned synthesis including a rationale for the methods selected. This must not be generic text but should be specific to your review and describe how the proposed analysis will be applied to your data. Review Manager Software (version 5.3) will be used. The DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model for the meta-analysis of continuous data will be applied. Results will be displayed as the mean difference between baseline and endpoint MASI scores for both the intervention and control groups, with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). In the pooled analysis, studies using systemic therapy, such as oral tranexamic acid, will be separated from studies using topical therapies, such as topical tranexamic acid. I² statistic will be used to asses heterogeneity across studies. Funnel plots will be used to assess for publication bias. The Bonferroni correction will be applied to account for multiple testing in the subgroup analysis, with P < 0.01 being considered significant. P< 0.05 will be considered as significant in all other analyses. 26. * Analysis of subgroups or subsets. State any planned investigation of ‘subgroups’. Be clear and specific about which type of study or participant will be included in each group or covariate investigated. State the planned analytic approach. Subgroup analyses will be performed on studies that compare microneedling to placebo and for studies that used microneedling in both the intervention and control groups. 27. * Type and method of review. Select the type of review and the review method from the lists below. Select the health area(s) of interest for your review. Type of review 28. Language. Select each language individually to add it to the list below, use the bin icon to remove any added in error. English 29. * Country. Select the country in which the review is being carried out from the drop down list. For multi-national collaborations select all the countries involved. Canada 30. Other registration details. Give the name of any organisation where the systematic review title or protocol is registered (such as with The Campbell Collaboration, or The Joanna Briggs Institute) together with any unique identification number assigned. (N.B. Registration details for Cochrane protocols will be automatically entered). If extracted data will be stored and made available through a repository such as the Systematic Review Data Repository (SRDR), details and a link should be included here. If none, leave blank. Also pending registration on PROSPERO on 15th April 2020. 31. Dissemination plans. Give brief details of plans for communicating essential messages from the review to the appropriate audiences. Do you intend to publish the review on completion? Yes 32. * Current review status. Review status should be updated when the review is completed and when it is published. For new registrations the review must be Ongoing. Ongoing

Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common symptomatic, inflammatory and immunological disorder of nasal mucosa results from allergen exposure triggered IgE response. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis varies according to different factors like genetic constitution, racial differences, socio-economic conditions, chances of exposure to different allergens, sex, growth stages. AR shows high prevalence among developed countries. AR is managed with first and second anti histamines (56%), intra nasal corticosteroids (25%) and mast cell stabilizers (19%). Prolonged usage of these medications is necessary in beating the disease as far as the recurrence is concerned. This may lead to numerous serious health hazards. Studies have shown that negative effects of sedative anti-histamines last to the succeeding day disturbing the day time performance. Acupuncture in the treatment of allergic rhinitis has done a lot of research, the effect is significant. Therefore, research on it is needed.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating ADHD