Search

This study examines the effect of corporate board of directors’ attributes on audit fees for Nigerian listed Deposit Money Banks (DBMS). The study adopts an ex post facto research design and uses data on 10 deposit money banks sampled via purposive sampling technique using data spanning from 2012 to 2018. Results based on Generalized Method of Moment show that corporate board of directors’ proxies do not significantly influence audit fees of Nigerian deposit money banks. However, firm size and profitability are found to affect external audit fee significantly. The study therefore concludes that corporate boards of directors’ attributes do not individually significantly affect audit fees in Nigerian listed Deposit Money Banks. Arising from the findings, it is recommended that corporate governance practices should be strengthened so as to aid external audit.

The aim of the study is to examine the association between audit quality and individual auditors providing independent audit service to the firms affiliated with the same business group. We used Turkish Listed firms traded in Borsa Istanbul between 2010 and 2016. These auditors have been associated with lower audit quality in terms of discretionary accruals, modified audit opinion and audit report aggressiveness. Our main results are robust to different specifications and the results remain unchanged regardless of the specification. Moreover, we created some interaction variables to test that such a relationship would be reversed when the audit firm where the individual auditor works, was one of the Big4. We found that individual auditors providing independent audit service to the firms affiliated with the same business group in the Big4 audit firms do not influence audit quality negatively. In addition, we found that individual auditors providing independent audit service to the firms affiliated with the same business group audit the financial statements of them in timelier manner. Overall, this paper highlights and emphasizes the importance of auditing the firms affiliated with the same business group by different individual auditors to audit quality.

This structured literature review of 48 archival-based studies investigates the influence of fair value measurements on earnings quality and stresses the moderating impact of corporate governance. We focus on accounting-based earnings quality measures that have several advantages for investigating agency-related earnings management behavior compared to market-based measures (e.g. value relevance studies). Fair value measurements are not restricted to specific industries, periods, circumstances, or items in our sample. Based on the applied earnings quality measure, the reviewed articles are structured into five categories: (1) earnings persistence and predictive ability, (2) discretionary accruals, (3) target beating and properties of analysts’ forecasts, (4) earnings variability, and (5) other earnings quality measures. We indicate three key findings: first, fair value measurements show mixed earnings quality; second, lower-level fair value measurements decrease earnings quality; and third, corporate governance measures enhance earnings quality. After that, we deduce six research questions for future research. We show possible extensions to previous research designs in methodology and settings. Future research should also focus on corporate governance variables to a greater extent, especially compensation and board structures. Thereby, we suggest extending the neoclassical view with behavioral aspects. This structured literature review of 48 archival-based studies investigates the influence of fair value measurements on earnings quality and stresses the moderating impact of corporate governance. We focus on accounting-based earnings quality measures that have several advantages for investigating agency-related earnings management behavior compared to market-based measures (e.g. value relevance studies). Fair value measurements are not restricted to specific industries, periods, circumstances, or items in our sample. Based on the applied earnings quality measure, the reviewed articles are structured into five categories: 1) earnings persistence and predictive ability, 2) discretionary accruals, 3) target beating and properties of analysts’ forecasts, 4) earnings variability, and 5) other earnings quality measures. We indicate three key findings: First, fair value measurements show mixed earnings quality; second, lower-level fair value measurements decrease earnings quality; and third, corporate governance measures enhance earnings quality. After that, we deduce 6 research questions for future research. We show possible extensions to previous research designs in methodology and settings. Future research should also focus on corporate governance variables to a greater extent, especially compensation and board structures. Thereby, we suggest extending the neoclassical view with behavioral aspects.

This research introduces organization and personal dimensions to the study of ethics amid the adverse reactions of the users of the financial statements to a business fiasco. Using survey research design, a sample of one hundred and thirty-eight audit firms was taken while Probit analysis was used in testing the propositions made. Findings indicate that knowledge of the client industry and government policy are vital in shaping ethical decision making. It was concluded that environmental uncertainties and personal orientation of the auditor offers explanations to the dilemma and decision making of the auditor. Thus, it is suggested that a critical review of audit personnel characteristics and the technological environment would be a step in the right direction if the ethical dilemma is to be minimized.

Going concern is about the survival of business entities, as well as a assumptions in financial statements of a business. When business entities experience conditions that are not supposed to be, the business entity is said to be in trouble. This research which aims to analyze the acceptance of going concern audit opinion using audit tenure, disclosure, financial distress, and previous year’s audit opinion with case study on mining sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in period 2013-2017.. This research used quantitative methods, and the samples were taken by using purposing sampling technique. To analyze the effect of independent variables to dependent variable was using logistic regressions analysis by using IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions Statistics version 23. The results of this research, financial distress and the previous year audit opinion variables have a positive direction towards the acceptance of going concern audit opinion. While the audit tenure and disclosure variables have no significant influence on the acceptance of going concern audit opinion.

This study investigated the effect of auditor's independence on the financial reporting quality of Parastatals in Lagos State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted to gather data on auditor's independence and a content analysis procedure was adopted to extract secondary data from the audited financial statement of the parastatals. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The findings show that when an auditor alienates his personal interest from audit and his ability to issue a qualified audit opinion where necessary, have a statistically significant effect on improving both the fundamental and enhanced qualitative characteristics of financial reporting (FQC and EQC). Hence, the more an auditor allows his personal interests to becloud his judgement, the lower both the FQC and EQC of financial reporting. The outcome of reliance on the work of the internal auditors and auditor's rotation gave an inconclusive result. Therefore, rotation of auditors and the reliance on the findings of internal auditors promote the relevance and how faithfully represented the financial reporting are, while the EQC has no effect on auditor's independence. The study recommended that parastatals must place a premium on promoting auditors' independence in order to minimize audit failure and the credibility attached to the financial reports.

The aim of this study is to verify whether Beneish M‑Score model can be useful in detecting Polish companies involved in earning management practices that lead to adverse or disclaimer of auditors’ opinion. The sample covers 24 pairs of firms listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange or New Connect (alternative market). The findings generally indicate that with –2.22 point cut‑off the model was able to identify 67% of manipulators and 75% non‑manipulators correctly. The accuracy of the model improved from 71% to 75% after shifting the cut‑off point to –1.98. Another observation was that high changes in M‑Score values turned out to be better indicator of manipulation and the classification based on 35% change in year‑to‑year values reached 85% accuracy. Celem artykułu jest ocena, czy model Beneisha może stanowić użyteczne narzędzie do wykrywania manipulacji wynikami finansowymi, które prowadziły do wydania negatywnej opinii biegłego rewidenta lub odmowy jej wydania w polskich spółkach kapitałowych. Badaniem objęto 24 pary przedsiębiorstw z głównego rynku Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie oraz z rynku alternatywnego New Connect. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że przy punkcie granicznym –2,22 model poprawnie identyfikował 67% manipulatorów i 75% niemanipulatorów. Dokładność modelu wzrastała z 71% do 75% wraz z przesuwaniem punktu odcięcia do –1,98. Kolejną obserwacją był fakt, że duże zmiany w wartościach M‑Score okazały się lepszym kryterium oceny. Klasyfikacja podmiotów na podstawie 35% zmiany wskaźnika rok do roku pozwoliła zwiększyć dokładność grupowania do 85%.

In this study, we examine whether education, as an important component of the human capital of auditors, is related to the occurrence of financial misstatement, and investigate the moderating effect of professional experience. Using a sample of 16,651 firm-year observations from the Chinese stock market from 2003 to 2014, we find that the education level of signing auditors is significantly negatively associated with the likelihood of financial misstatement, which suggests that higher education can enhance the ethics and independence of auditors and mitigate the risk of financial misstatement. In addition, professional experience attenuates the negative relation between the education level of signing auditors and financial misstatement. Our findings are also robust to a variety of sensitivity tests, and our conclusions still hold after using a two-stage OLS-logistic regression to address the endogeneity problem. Lastly, the negative effect of education level on financial misstatement holds only for 985 Project universities, low individual-level (audit-firm-level) client importance, and state-owned enterprises. Keywords: Auditor human capital, Financial misstatement, Education level, Professional experience, Signing auditors, JEL classification: M42, J41, P36

The aim of the research is to determine if the audit fees are statistically significantly different between the audit companies and vary, depending on the size of client and audit company. We find that for large auditees the average audit fees of the Big 4 Group did not statistically significantly deviate from normative audit fees, even surpass them, but not statistically significant. On average, small audit firms when auditing large auditees do not meet the predicted normative audit fees, and this deviation is statistically significant. Also, we confirm that the Big 4 auditing companies (KPMG, E & Y, Deloitte and PwC) were, statistically, significantly more likely to charge higher audit fees than a small auditing company would charge. The paper contributes to the literature to give users a clear indication about what average audit fees are typical of the Slovenian audit companies and which audit company is at the forefront.

This study examines how the appointment of tax certified individual auditors is associated with reported effective tax rates of corporate clients. The study uses a unique German institutional setting which makes it possible to track individual auditors that are also certified tax consultants and sign the audit opinion. Empirical results indicate that tax certified individual engagement partners are associated with higher effective tax rates. Further tests reveal that this association also exists for individual parent company financial statements and that it is stronger when tax confirmation services are provided to the audit client. My findings enhance the understanding of the role of individual auditors.

US positivistic accounting research is increasingly perceived as having come to be the point of reference for researchers in other countries, including the German-speaking area where formerly normative research was widespread. In this paper, we present the survey results retrieved from 293 doctoral students in accounting in 2009, a period of transition in which old and new approaches to doctoral education co-existed. Specifically, doctoral students were subject to institutional change in the form of more structured doctoral studies and a focus on internationalisation and attempts to publish in academic journals. We find that at that time there was diversity with regard to both the set of accounting journals considered by doctoral students and the methods employed by the latter in their dissertations. With respect to research methods, we show that factors of the institutional setting reflecting a more structured and international approach to doctoral education are in particular linked to empirical quantitative, and to a lesser extent qualitative, research.

Many European countries have been carried out a modernization projects in public sector financial reporting since the last two decades. Consequence of a stronger demand for complex, reliable and relevant economic information on government is governments' efforts towards better accountability. IPSAS standards, a full accrual national financial reporting standards closed to, or national standards with clear reference to IPSAS, are often considered as the best tool for that. This article aims to identify key challenges and milestones - four key aspects of these public sector financial reporting modernization projects. It offers a comparison amongst several European countries comparing the ways these countries decided to deal with those challenges and milestones.

Purpose – Alternative corporate governance systems (CGSs) have attracted a significant bulk of research recently. While the connection between the adoption of an alternative system (one tier board or two tier board system) and firms’ performances has not been fully analysed yet, the purpose of this paper is to analyse whether companies which have turned into an alternative board system have eventually improved their performance over time. Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of more than 15,000 Italian unlisted joint stock companies, the authors compare performance outcomes in 2009 of firms adopting alternative systems with performances of firms that maintained the system in force before the 2003 Corporate Law Reform (defined as “traditional”). Because of the choice of an alternative system (one tier or two tier board) instead of a traditional one is not random, the authors reduce selection bias implementing matching methods and comparing firms that are close in terms of propensity score measured in 2003 (the year before the new CGSs have been introduced by a corporate law reform). Findings – The authors do not find evidence of a significant improvement of performances in 2009 concerning those firms that have adopted a one tier or two tier board systems with respect to those which maintained a traditional one. Originality/value – The novelty of the study concerns the application of propensity score matching for the evaluation of the impact of the change of the CGS that is possible in presence of two conditions that are all verified in our setting: first, to have a country where corporate law allows for choosing among different systems; in this case Italy is a good laboratory, because it allows for the choice among three different systems; and second, to have the opportunity to evaluate the effect of the change in light of a relatively recent “pre-treatment” condition; this is made possible by the fact that before the 2003 Reform of corporate law all the companies had a traditional system.

The paper examines the extent which risk management committee and corporate governance committee predict audit fees in Nigeria. We employed random panel data (unbalance) regression analysis to establish whether risk management committee and corporate governance committee affect audit fees. We obtained the data used for this study from the annual reports of public listed companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the periods 2008-2013. Our results indicate a positive relationship between establishment of risk management committee and audit fees while the establishment of corporate governance committee has an insignificant relationship with audit fees. The findings provide evidence to inform policy makers and corporation in Nigeria on how their governance structure affects audit fees. Firms with a strong governance structure have the incentive to improve the quality of their financial report. Therefore, such firms will increase the scope of auditor’s work. This result has implication for policy makers because it suggests that corporate governance mechanisms are important in ensuring a quality audit. The paper contributes to literature on audit pricing in the context of the Nigerian audit market that is currently under-researched. The study provides additional theoretical insights by investigating the impact of risk management committee and corporate governance committee on audit fees, which to the best of the researcher’s knowledge, have not been tested in the audit fees model.

The internal audit function is important to minimize the occurrence of fraudulent financial statements and provide assurance and independent consultation for decision-making. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of the quality of internal audit team (internal audit function) on audit fees, audit quality, audit choice, and audit opinion. This study uses 722 observations on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for two periods from 2016 to 2017 and uses Ordinary Least Square Regression analysis techniques to examine the hypotheses. This study found that one of the internal auditors' functions, which is size of the internal audit team, as a corporate oversight mechanism has a positive and significant relationship to the magnitude of external auditor fees, audit quality, and the tendency of companies to choose auditors with big names (Big4). In addition, this study found that internal audit also has a negative and significant influence on the tendency of companies to accept going concern audit opinions. This research provides support on the benefit of having a good quality of internal auditors for the company. The results of this study indicate that companies that have an adequate internal audit function tend to cost higher external auditor fees, and hiring auditors with big names (Big4) to produce high audit quality. In addition, the existence of adequate internal auditors also reducing the probability of the firms on receiving the going concern audit opinions.

The transition to IFRS of the Romanian listed companies enables us to provide a comparison of some accounting data reported in the same period and that have been obtained according to different accounting regulations: RAS vs. IFRS. The aim of our paper is to establish if the listed companies in financial distress report a trend of changes due to the transition to IFRS that is different to the one established for the performant companies. Based on the data corresponding to the 2011 financial year (with available RAS and IFRS information), we have calculated Gray’s comparability index (for a series of financial indicators) in the case of the two groups of companies (one in financial distress and a performant one) and we have statistically tested the existence of significant differences between the values of the index for the two company categories. We have found out that some indicators evolve in the same manner (especially the balance sheet structure indexes), others maintain the same trend, but the significance of the variances are different (ROS, ROA, ROE and OI), and, finally, for another series of indicators, the trend of the change caused by the IFRS transition is different for the two groups of companies (leverage and equity).

This article looks at the complex and judgmental area of auditing income taxes in the environment of financial reporting in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by EU (IFRS) in the Czech Republic. In the first section, the main regulations that apply to entities preparing IFRS financial statements and their influence on income tax base are outlined. The second section summarizes the key steps in addressing risk of income tax misstatements when auditing financial statements. The third section discusses the specifics of auditing income taxes in the Czech environment and the alternative approaches the entities may adopt with respect to determining the profit before tax for tax purposes and challenges it represents for the auditor. This section also briefly notes some other aspects of income tax auditing such as challenges connected with the deferred tax, effective tax rate testing or using the auditor’s expert for the audit procedures. The conclusion suggests more detailed rules to be provided by the tax legislation with respect to ambiguities which current situation brings to both entities and their auditors.

This contribution deals with the problem of business valuation, the issue of forensic engineering and business economics issues. Introductory part of the work deals with the definition of basic concepts such as construction enterprise, equity and enterprise value. The first goal of the submitted contribution is to determine objectified value of the construction enterprises. For a low objectified boundary value is applied Direct Capitalization Method. Afterwards, a very concise description of an income approach valuation technique, just specifically Direct Capitalization Method. The main aim of this contribution is to analyse and compare of equity and the value of construction enterprises in the Czech economy in the years 2007-2014. Research sample (N=35) includes medium and large construction enterprises operating in the Czech Republic. The legal form of construction companies is Public Limited Company and Private Limited Company. These construction enterprises are valued at eight consecutive years. This resulted in a total of 280 values of construction enterprises. Equity is from the same time series, so also in the same number. The data are characterized arithmetic average, minimum and maximum. Statistical methods (the correlation analysis) are used for examining the relation between these indicators. Empirical primary research for data collection is part of the dissertation thesis. In the case of demonstrating statistical correlation data will be the basis for a regression model.

We define higher audit quality as greater assurance of high financial reporting quality. Researchers use many proxies for audit quality, with little guidance on choosing among them. We provide a framework for systematically evaluating their unique strengths and weaknesses. Because it is inextricably intertwined with financial reporting quality, audit quality also depends on firms’ innate characteristics and financial reporting systems. Our review of the models commonly used to disentangle these constructs suggests the need for better conceptual guidance. Finally, we urge more research on the role of auditor and client competency in driving audit quality.

Seit einigen Jahren steigt die Dominanz weniger Vereine im deutschen Fußball. Wiederholte Gewinne der Meisterschaften in der Fußball-Bundesliga und die Beteiligung an Spielen auf europäischer Ebene versetzen diese Vereine finanziell in die Lage, dauerhaft in ihre Spieler-Kader zu investieren. Eine bedeutende Einnahmequelle ist dabei die Vermarktung der Fernsehrechte. Dadurch, dass diese in der Bundesliga zentral durchgeführt wird, soll die finanzielle Ausstattung der Vereine angeglichen werden. Der Autor kommt allerdings zu dem Schluss, dass dies nicht gelingt und die Zentralvermarktung im öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunk sogar sportpolitisch schädlich ist. Zudem liegt eine wettbewerbsverfälschende Subventionierung vor. In order to maintain competitive balance and uncertainty of outcome, professional sports leagues have developed several kinds of distribution mechanisms. For example, in Germany one of these is the collective selling of television rights for football matches by the league organisation, which enables the league to share television revenues. In this article it is argued that central marketing and sharing of television revenues in German football does not enhance competitive balance among members of the Bundesliga but rather leads to a lesser degree of competitive balance and thus less uncertainty of outcome in the league. Because public broadcasting stations pay for television rights from which some clubs profi t more than others, it can be seen as illegal state aid for these clubs.

This paper examines the value relevance of accounting fundamentals in the Mexican Stock Market ([BMV] – Bolsa Mexicana de Valores). The research question that motivated the paper was: Can accounting fundamentals provide relevant information to better understand firm value? More specifically, the paper examines whether the application of an accounting fundamental strategy to select stocks of a portfolio can systematically yield significant and positive excess market buy-and-hold returns after one and two years of portfolio formation. Based on valuation theory, accounting research and the maturity level of the BMV, a set of accounting fundamental signals is proposed that reflects information that influences security prices, but not necessarily in a timely manner. Using quarterly financial and market data from 196 BMV stocks from 1991 to 2011, it is shown that after controlling for earnings, book-to-market ratio and firm size, the fundamental strategy proposed here provides value information relevant to investors. The relationship between the accounting fundamental signals proposed and the buy-and-hold market future return (one-year and two-year returns) is significant and positive considering the 1991-2011 period. Portfolios formed with high scores of these signals show an average of 1.62% market excess annual return between 1991 and 2011, and about 9% between 1997 and 2011. Besides the practical implication of the findings –e.g. the possibility mispriced securities– this paper contributes to the scarce accounting research in Latin American capital markets by furthering understanding of the “post-earnings” drift phenomenon in the BMV.En este documento se examina la relevancia de los fundamentos de contabilidad en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV). La pregunta de investigación que impulsó este documento fue: ¿pueden los fundamentos de contabilidad proporcionar información relevante para entender mejor el valor de empresa? De un modo más específico, en el documento se examina si la aplicación de una estrategia de fundamentos de contabilidad para seleccionar los valores de una cartera puede producir sistemáticamente rendimientos excedentes de mercado significativos y positivos tras uno o dos años desde la formación de la cartera. Basándose en la teoría de valoración, la investigación contable y el nivel de madurez de la BMV, se propone un conjunto de señales de fundamentos de contabilidad que refleja información influyente en los precios de los valores, aunque no necesariamente de un modo inmediato. Utilizando datos trimestrales financieros y de mercado de 196 acciones desde 1991 hasta 2011, se demuestra que tras controlar las ganancias, el cociente book-to-market (valor de libros dividido entre valor de mercado de la empresa) y el tamaño de la empresa, la estrategia fundamental que aquí se propone proporciona información de valor relevante para los inversores. La relación entre las señales de fundamentos de contabilidad propuestas y la rentabilidad futura del mercado de compra y retención (rentabilidades a uno y dos años) de acciones es significativa y positiva teniendo en cuenta el período 1991-2011. Las carteras formadas con altas puntuaciones de estas señales muestran una media de 1,62% del rendimiento anual por arriba del mercado entre 1991 y 2011, y sobre 9% entre 1997 y 2011. Aparte de la implicación práctica de los hallazgos –por ejemplo, los valores fuera del valor intrínseco–, este documento es una aportación a la escasa investigación sobre contabilidad en los mercados de capitales latinoamericanos para entender mejor el fenómeno de deriva «posganancias» de la BMV. En este documento se examina la relevancia de los fundamentos de contabilidad en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV). La pregunta de investigación que impulsó este documento fue: ¿pueden los fundamentos de contabilidad proporcionar información relevante para entender mejor el valor de empresa? De un modo más específico, en el documento se examina si la aplicación de una estrategia de fundamentos de contabilidad para seleccionar los valores de una cartera puede producir sistemáticamente rendimientos excedentes de mercado significativos y positivos tras uno o dos años desde la formación de la cartera. Basándose en la teoría de valoración, la investigación contable y el nivel de madurez de la BMV, se propone un conjunto de señales de fundamentos de contabilidad que refleja información influyente en los precios de los valores, aunque no necesariamente de un modo inmediato. Utilizando datos trimestrales financieros y de mercado de 196 acciones desde 1991 hasta 2011, se demuestra que tras controlar las ganancias, el cociente book-to-market (valor de libros dividido entre valor de mercado de la empresa) y el tamaño de la empresa, la estrategia fundamental que aquí se propone proporciona información de valor relevante para los inversores. La relación entre las señales de fundamentos de contabilidad propuestas y la rentabilidad futura del mercado de compra y retención (rentabilidades a uno y dos años) de acciones es significativa y positiva teniendo en cuenta el período 1991-2011. Las carteras formadas con altas puntuaciones de estas señales muestran una media de 1,62% del rendimiento anual por arriba del mercado entre 1991 y 2011, y sobre 9% entre 1997 y 2011. Aparte de la implicación práctica de los hallazgos –por ejemplo, los valores fuera del valor intrínseco–, este documento es una aportación a la escasa investigación sobre contabilidad en los mercados de capitales latinoamericanos para entender mejor el fenómeno de deriva «posganancias» de la BMV

[ES] Este trabajo explora los valores profesionales de los auditores en ejercicio así como los de los fututos auditores que inician su carrera profesional. Para ello, el estudio se centra en valores fundamentales de la profesión de auditoría, tales como el interés público, la independencia y el comportamiento profesional, y analiza si estos valores difieren entre auditores en ejercicio y estudiantes de un postgrado de auditoría. El estudio se basa en una encuesta realizada entre 122 auditores españoles y 55 estudiantes de un postgrado de auditoría. Los resultados de este estudio tienen implicaciones para las organizaciones profesionales, las firmas de auditoría, los organismos reguladores y las universidades. Analizar el desarrollo de los valores profesionales de los auditores a lo largo de su carrera contribuye a tomar medidas para la mejora de las decisiones éticas en la auditoria. [EN] This paper explores auditors’ professional values from the perspective of both, experienced auditors as well as new recruits that start their auditing career. To this end, the study focuses on core values of the audit profession, such as public interest, independence and professional behaviour, and it analyzes whether these values differ between practitioners and students from a postgraduate auditing course. The study is based on a survey to 122 Spanish auditors and 55 students from a postgraduate course in auditing. The results of this study have implications for professional organizations, audit firms, regulators and universities. Analyzing the development of auditors’ professional values throughout their career helps propose measures that foster ethical decision making in auditing.

Since its foundation, China’s government auditing system has played a very important role in maintaining financial and economic order and improving government accountability and transparency. Though a great deal of research has discussed the role of government auditing in discovering and deterring corruption, there is little empirical evidence on whether government auditing actually helps to reduce corruption. Using China’s provincial panel data from 1999 to 2008, this paper empirically examines the role of government auditing in China’s corruption control initiatives. Our findings indicate that the number of irregularities detected in government auditing is positively related to the corruption level in that province, which means the more severe the corruption is in a province, the more irregularities in government accounts are found by local audit institutions. Also, post-audit rectification effort is negatively related to the corruption level in that province, indicating that greater rectification effort is associated with less corruption. This paper provides empirical evidence on how government auditing can contribute to curbing corruption, which is also helpful for understanding the role of China’s local audit institutions in government governance and can enrich the literature on both government auditing and corruption control.

Using listed companies in China’s A-share market from 1997 to 2009, this paper investigates the relationship between controller changes (including changes in controlling shareholders, directors and CEOs) and auditor changes. The empirical evidence indicates that controller changes are positively related to auditor changes and that auditor changes are more likely if there are extensive controller changes. For companies in which both the controlling shareholder and the auditor change, if the successor controlling shareholder is controlled by an other-province government, the auditor is more likely to be replaced and the successor auditor is more likely to be a smaller auditor from the same province as the new controlling shareholder.

This paper analyzes whether the Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations set by Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) have influenced the auditing fees charged to football clubs. In addition, it explores the determinants of audit fees. We used a two-sample t-test with equal variances to determine whether differences are present. After this, we carried out a panel data regression with the clubs fix effect to estimate the determinants of audit fees in football clubs. Our findings revealed an increase of audit fees after the implementation of FFP regulations. On top of that, audit fees were explained by the presence of foreign investors if the audit firm was one of the Big 4 and if the auditor was a woman. The regulation change has had an impact on the audit fees charged by auditors for their services. However, this increase may be compensated over future years given the improving financial situation of clubs, therefore, the auditors&rsquo, risk diminishes and subsequent audit fees may be reduced. UEFA should monitor audit fees as well as the quality of the audit reports, which have become crucial to obtaining the license to participate in UEFA competitions.

This paper examines whether the work-family conflict (related to both work-interfering-family and family-interfering-work) of auditors affects their performance and if so, whether the effect is mediated by emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. A mail survey is used to deliver a questionnaire to 151 auditors from ten CPA firm in Indonesia. The result shows that emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship of work-family conflict with job performance. The result also demonstrates that Work-Interfering-Family (WIF) has significant effects on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction, but Family-Interfering-Work (FIW) has no significant influence on either emotional exhaustion or job satisfaction. This study suggests that maintaining a regular training program for auditors, having flexible working arrangements, and encouraging a healthy lifestyle may help to reduce the work-family conflict and will increase the job satisfaction and performance of auditors.

We investigate whether Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) inspections affect the quality of internal control audits. Our research design improves on prior studies by exploiting both cross-sectional and time-series variation in the content of PCAOB inspection reports, while also controlling for audit firm and year fixed effects, effectively achieving a difference-in-differences research design. We find that when PCAOB inspectors report higher rates of deficiencies in internal control audits, auditors respond by increasing the issuance of adverse internal control opinions. We also find that auditors issue more adverse internal control opinions to clients with concurrent misstatements, who thus genuinely warrant adverse opinions. We further find that higher inspection deficiency rates lead to higher audit fees, consistent with PCAOB inspections prompting auditors to undertake costly remediation efforts. Taken together, our results are consistent with the PCAOB inspections improving the quality of internal control audits by prompting auditors to remediate deficiencies in their audits of internal controls.

In this paper, we provide empirical evidence for the impact of disciplinary sanctions imposed on Spanish auditing firms and their engagement partners. The disciplinary sanctions resulted from external investigations, which revealed misapplications of auditing standards. In particular, we evaluate (a) the efficacy of the external supervisory board in identifying low-quality auditors and (b) the effectiveness of the disciplinary system in improving the quality of subsequent statutory audits performed by the sanctioned auditors. We employ two earnings management indicators as proxies for audit quality: loss avoidance through extraordinary items and abnormal accruals. And we compare these measures in the financial statements of client companies (auditees) audited by sanctioned and non-sanctioned auditors between 1995 and 2007. Our evidence is mixed. The results show that companies audited by Non-Big 4 sanctioned auditors in the pre-inspection period are less likely to avoid bottom-line losses. Additionally, we conclude that use of this earnings management tool decreases in the post-investigation period for all sanctioned auditors, whether Big 4 or Non-Big 4 firms. Contrary to our expectations, the enhancement performance on this measure of audit quality is observed only for smaller fines. The discretionary accrual approach to earnings management does not offer significant results, however. Therefore, the conclusions are not robust, and further investigation is needed. A feasible explanation for the elusive conclusion may be based on the strong incentives for private firms to avoid bottom-line losses for financing purposes and to manipulate earnings to minimize tax payments.

[ES] El objeto de este trabajo es desarrollar la situación de la mujer auditora en el contexto de la CAV y a nivel español. Para ello utilizaremos datos del Registro Oficial de Auditores de Cuentas gestionado por el lCAC. Por un lado detectamos que hay una diferencia significativa en el número de mujeres auditoras ejercientes respecto de hombres. Nuestros datos revelan que sólo el 10% de auditores en ejercicio con plena responsabilidad son mujeres. Por otro lado, pretendemos analizar las causas que han propiciado esta situación. Entre otros, consideramos que la formación y la cultura, tanto geográfica como de los negocios, han sido aspectos clave. Aún así, las empresas son conscientes de la incorporación de la mujer al mercado laboral, y por tanto hay que buscar el aprovechamiento del talento, implicando y motivando a las personas y buscando nuevas estrategias. [EU] Aurkezten den lan honen helburua Espainia eta Euskal Autonomi Erkidegoan gaur egun bakarka diharduten emakume auditore jardularien egoera aurkeztea da. Horretarako Kontabilitate eta Kontuen Ikuskaritza Institutuak kudeatzen duen Kontuen Auditoreen Errolda Ofiziala erabili da. Batetik azterketa kuantitatiboa beharrezkotzat jotzen dugu auditore lanetan diharduten emakume eta gizonezkoen kopuruetan desberdintasunak dauden sumatzeko. Gure datuen arabera auditore jardularien %10 bakarrik da emakumea. Bigarrenik, ikerketa lanaren arlo kualitatiboa zainduko da eta ikuskaritza jardueran eman den egoeraren zergatiak identifikatuko ditugu. Besteak beste, azpimarratu nahi genuke hezkuntzak eta kulturak, bai herri mailan bai negozio mailan, zeresan handia duela. Hala ere, enpresak oro har konturatu dira emakumeen presentzia geroz eta ugariagoa izanik lan munduan, probetxua ateratzeko bidea jorratu behar dutela; etekina atera pertsonak inplikatuz, motibatuz eta estrategia berriak aplikatuz. Cámara de Gipuzkoa

Durante los últimos años se ha podido observar cómo, con cada vez mayor claridad, ha fraguado en el ámbito empresarial y académico, una nueva cultura, movimiento o paradigma de la calidad, que ha llegado incluso a popularizarse en exceso. Uno de los pilares fundamentales de este moderno paradigma de la calidad lo ha constituido el Total Quality Management. Asimismo, esta nueva cultura de la calidad, se ha venido asociando, muy amenudo, a las siglas de la conocida normativa de Aseguramiento de la Calidad ISO 9000. KUTXA; Vicerrectorado de Campus de Gipuzkoa de la UPV/EHU

Este artículo trata de analizar las circunstancias que concurren en el trabajo del auditor a la hora de comprobar, a través de las pruebas de cumplimiento de auditoria, la validez de algunas cuentas y cifras presentadas en sus estados financieros por la empresa auditada. En concreto, nuestro campo de actuación será el estudio de la valoración de las existencias, al ser el elemento más representativo de la actividad empresarial. Fundación KUTXA;Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

The paper highlights the part of the results of a questionnaire-based research, carried out at the level of associations of liberal professions members of the Liberal Professions Union of Romania (LPUR). It was rated the implementation of the principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) among the 14 member associations of professions and were identified LPUR most important success factors of TQM that can help increase the social responsibility to the public interest associations of members of liberal professions. The research was conducted from April 18 to May 31, 2017 at the headquarters of the professional associations shall LPUR at a representative sample of 100 employees from 130 thereof. They identified 58 strengths confirming a high level of implementation of TQM principles and 28 issues that require improvement. It was identified good results about 'activities and general working conditions' and 'Quality Control'. At the same time were discovered gaps on the 'flexibility of the organization' and in 'Identifying and capitalizing expectations in meetings with members'. On the one hand, based on the results analysed, it was determined that 'Exigency examinations access to employment ' and 'Using professional standards' are the factors with the greatest impact on increasing social responsibility and the public interest and, on the other hand 'the openness of associations - free competition' has the lowest impact.