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In recent decades, the demand for naked barley grain on the market has increased, that is why the breeders of the leading institutions of the Russian Federation resumed breeding research to develop new naked barley varieties. In this regard, the purpose of the current study was to develop a breeding material for naked spring barley, adapted to the conditions of the Rostov region and, on its basis, new varieties. There have been developed the new naked barley variety with high productivity and grain quality, adapted to the conditions of the North Caucasus. The study was carried out in the scientific crop rotation of the department of barley breeding and seed production of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Zernograd) in 2014–2020. Based on the best local spring barley varieties (‘Leon’ and ‘Shchedry’) and naked varieties of the VIR collection (‘Mancuria’ (Sweden), ‘NB-OWA’ (Nepal), ‘CDC-Dawn’ (Canada), ‘K-3780’ (Tajikistan) and ‘Golozerny’ (RF)) there have been developed and studied the new naked barley lines. There was found that according to the trait ‘plant height’ the lines ‘Leon x Golozerny’ and ‘Leon x Mancuria’ belonged to the middle-height group (90.2 cm and 83.4 cm, respectively). The rest of the lines belonged to the tall group, their height varied from 96.5 cm to 100.3 cm. According to the trait ‘earing date’ there has been identified the line ‘Leon x Golozerny’ (24V), which is more early-ripening (5 days less than that of the standard). The same line turned out to be the only one that significantly exceeded the standard (the standard variety ‘Ratnik’ on 4.5 t/ha) according to productivity +0.3 t / ha, and taking into account the absence of hulls, this difference significantly increased to +0.7 t/ha. There was established that according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’, the lines ‘Leon x Mancuria’, ‘Leon x CDC-Dawn’, ‘Leon x K-3780’ and ‘Leon x Golozerny’ significantly exceeded the standard variety. The best indicators of grain quality were identified for the lines ‘Leon x K-3780’ and ‘Leon x Golozerny’. The lines ‘Leon x Mancuria’ and ‘Leon x Golozerny’ were the most resistant to powdery mildew. The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new naked spring barley variety ‘Zernogradsky 1717’, which has a great productivity and a set of positive economically valuable traits.

Relevance. To meet the needs of the population and commodity producers in the south of Russia in tomatoes, it is necessary to develop varieties and hybrids of various directions that have high productivity, increased fruit quality and resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases, that meet modern production technologies and market requirements, as well as have an acceptable price for seeds.Aim of study – creation of new maternal tomato lines with functional male sterility for open ground for various purposes (for fresh consumption, whole-fruit canning,), which will make it possible to create highly productive hybrids that meet the agro-climatic conditions of the south of Russia in the future.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in a breeding film greenhouse and in field conditions on the territory of the experimental plot of FSBSI "Federal Scientific Rice Centre" of the central soil-climatic zone of Krasnodar region. The object of research were mid-ripening tomato varieties included in the competitive testing, sterile tomato lines, new F1 hybrids based on FMS, collection and breeding material. The types of crosses used in the work: analyzing, saturating, top-crosses. To speed up the process of developing new sterile tomato lines in winter, artificial climate chambers were used.Results. As a result of the research, promising new functionally sterile lines of tomato were identified, differing in the length of the vegetation period, weight, color, fruit shape, biochemical parameters, with a number of useful economically valuable traits.

Manifold representations of the dwelling are expressed in the work of artist, poet, writer, editor, and activist Alootook Ipellie in the bi-monthly publication Inuit Today in the 1970s and 1980s, as a cross-section through key moments in Inuit Nunangat history. This essay thus examines Ipellie’s representations of space—not as an attempt to theorize Inuit space but rather to offer reflections on how these representations challenged ways of knowing and interpreting Arctic communities. We first address the Arctic representation in Ipellie’s work, which emphasizes the existing richness of the land according to Inuit perspectives as opposed to Qallunaat (non-Inuit) interpretations. His drawings also offer political comments on land disputes and the exploitation of territory. We then explore the representation of buildings, as Ipellie witnessed the transition from traditional to government housing. Ipellie’s humour-based approach constituted a strong social and political critique of housing issues and settler-colonial building practices. This artist acknowledged Inuit ingenuity when speaking of traditional housing, thus advocating for Inuit knowledge, invention, and built heritage. Lastly, we discuss the representation of multiple voices in the struggles over space, including Inuit communities and non-human agents, such as animals and land. Dwelling on the notion of “lines” and “the in-between”, we consider the thickness of Ipellie’s drawn lines and attend to the multiple entanglements between the artist’s political cartoons and the many lines of settler-colonialism, such as boundaries, frontiers, roads, pipelines, spatial construction, buildings, and planning., Cet essai examine les représentations de l’habitation dans l’oeuvre de l’artiste, poète, écrivain, éditeur et activiste Alootook Ipellie. Analysant tout particulièrement son travail publié entre les années 1970-80 dans le magazine bimensuel Inuit Today, cet essai accorde une attention particulière à la spatialité dans le travail d’Alootook Ipellie. Cet essai n’est pas une tentative de théoriser l’espace inuit mais plutôt une série de réflexions sur la manière dont les illustrations d’Ipellie défient les façons de connaître et interpréter l’Inuit Nunangat. L’essai aborde d’abord le portrait de l’Arctique dans l’oeuvre d’Ipellie qui exprime la richesse existante du territoire plutôt que l’espace en tant que potentiel conteneur d’infrastructures coloniales. Les dessins examinés explorent les conflits territoriaux et l’exploitation de l’environnement. Deuxièmement, la représentation des bâtiments y est étudiée dans la mesure où Ipellie a assisté à la transition du mode de vie nomade à l’intervention de l’état sur l’habitat et les questions sociales. Son approche humoristique constitue une forte critique sociale et politique sur les problèmes de logement et les pratiques de construction. Ipellie célèbre la sagesse de ses ancêtres en abordant l’habitat traditionnel, plaidant ainsi pour les connaissances et l’inventivité inuit. Troisièmement, l’article examine la représentation de multiples voix dans les débats autour du territoire dont celles des communautés Inuit mais également des non-humains, y compris les animaux et la terre. S’appuyant sur la notion de « lignes » et sur « l’entre-deux », l’article explore les enchevêtrements de lignes des caricatures politiques d’Ipellie, mais également des tracés du colonialisme tels que les frontières, routes, oléoducs, bâtiments, infrastructures, relevés et plans.

We reason that it is the gravitation of all ordinary matter, extending from the dense distant past to the sparse present, rather than dark matter, that shows up in galaxy rotation and velocity dispersion. Likewise, we argue that it is this gradient in the gravitational energy due to the expansion, rather than dark energy, that explains Type 1a supernovae brightness vs. redshift data. Our conclusions follow from statistical mechanics, the thermodynamic theory based on the atomistic axiom that everything comprises quanta. In line with the Einstein field equations, the vacuum quanta embodying gravitation, geometrized as spacetime, equate in dynamic balance to the quanta embodying the substance of the stress–energy tensor. In accordance with quantum field theory, the proposed ground-state field of paired light quanta complies with Bose–Einstein statistics and assumes an excited state around a particle.

This study describes the current state of the art related to the assessment of the positional accuracy of spatial databases based on lines. The use of this type of element of spatial databases has increased in recent years because of the current possibilities of acquisition and sharing data of routes, roads, etc. Nowadays, users are also contributors and this supposes that the spatial quality of data acquired and shared by non-experts must be assessed as is the case with data produced by institutions and enterprises. In this context, several methods based on lines have been developed up to this time for several purposes. This study reviews these methods, analyzing their characteristics, measures, etc. In addition, more than 30 applications of these methods are also summarized. These applications include control of generalized and digitized lines, control of spatial databases, analysis of the displacement of lines between dates, etc

Context. During the commissioning of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI) observed NGC 6552 with the MIRI Imager and the Medium-Resolution Spectrograph (MRS). NGC 6552 is an active galactic nucleus (AGN) at a redshift of 0.0266 (DL = 120 Mpc) classified as a Seyfert 2 nucleus in the optical and Compton-thick AGN in the X-ray. Aims. This work exemplifies and demonstrates the MRS capabilities to study the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectra and characterise the physical conditions and kinematics of the ionised and molecular gas in the nuclear regions of nearby galaxies. Methods. MIRI Imager observations covers the full NGC 6552 galaxy at 5.6 μm. MRS observations covers its nuclear region (3.6 × 4.3 kpc at 17.7-27.9 μm) in a wavelength range between 4.9 and 27.9 μm. These observations were obtained with the aim to investigate the persistence of the MIRI detectors (residual signal left from previous bright source observations). However, NGC 6552 observations demonstrate the performance and power of the MIRI instrument even with a non-optimal observational strategy. Results. We obtained the nuclear, circumnuclear, and central mid-IR spectra of NGC 6552. They provide the first clear observational evidence for a nuclear outflow in NGC 6552. The outflow contributes to 67±7% of the total line flux independent of the ionisation potential (27-187 eV) and critical densities (104-4 × 106 cm-3), showing an average blue-shifted peak velocity of -127±45 km s-1 and an outflow maximal velocity of 698±80 km s-1. Since the mid-IR photons penetrate dusty regions as efficiently as X-ray keV photons, we interpret these results as the evidence for a highly ionised, non-stratified, AGN-powered, and fast outflowing gas in a low density environment (few 103 cm-3) located very close (< 0.2 kpc) to the Compton-thick AGN. Nine pure rotational molecular Hydrogen lines are detected and spectrally resolved, and exhibit symmetric Gaussian profiles, consistent with the galactic rotation, and with no evidence of outflowing H2 material. We detect a warm H2 mass of 1.9 ± 1.1 × 107 M⊙ in the central region (1.8 kpc in diameter) of the galaxy, with almost 30% of that mass in the circumnuclear region. Line ratios confirm that NGC 6552 has a Seyfert nucleus with a black hole mass estimated in the range of 0.6-6 million solar masses. Conclusions. This work demonstrates the power of the newly commissioned MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph to reveal new insights in the kinematics and ionisation state of the interstellar medium around the dusty nuclear regions of nearby active galaxies., Astronomy & Astrophysics, 672, ISSN:0004-6361, ISSN:1432-0746

Nowadays a considerable percentage of trains mature delays due to nodes and stations congestion. They are normally a combination of effects of routes conflicts in stations on lines and propagation in stations of delays suffered along the lines. In order to prevent the conflicts and minimize delays, desirable timetables should be robust; accordingly, an accurate estimation during timetable design and implementation is necessary. Goal of the research is to compare analytical and simulation methods for the assessment of railway lines and nodes capacity to pinpoint their mutual effects, analyze stability or variability of the obtained results achieved by traditional and innovative approaches. The work is included in a research framework with the final goal of optimizing the use of railway network capacity. In order to tackle the purpose, the paper introduces synthetically the methods and applies them systematically to a complex network, including single and double track lines and various typologies of stations.

In this article, a novel procedure for the frequency-domain solution of nonuniform transmission lines (NUTLs) is presented. The procedure is based on a recently proposed perturbative technique, which is proven to be computationally more efficient than standard solution approaches, which are based on line subdivision into uniform cascaded sections. With respect to the original perturbation technique, the procedure proposed here offers more flexibility, as it provides a representation of the NUTL under analysis in terms of $S$ and/or $T$ parameters at its ports. Moreover, it retains the same prediction accuracy at the price of a slight increase in computational burden, which can be mitigated anyway through parallel computing. Furthermore, even without ad hoc (parallel) implementations, the proposed procedure outperforms other approaches to solve differential lines with partially or fully repetitive geometries. Namely, it assures accurate prediction of output quantities with reduced simulation time. This is proven by three application examples, namely, two differential trapezoidal tabbed lines (one with interdigital tabs and one with facing tabs), and a differential microstrip line with a varying common-mode (CM) impedance (as such reducing CM noise). Comparison with full-wave simulations allows assessing the prediction accuracy of the proposed procedure. Comparison with the aforementioned transmission-line-based solutions allows appreciating the enhanced computational efficiency.

Development of heterotic hybrids is the most efficient approach to solve the problem of increasing the yield of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.), a leading oilseed crop. The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), widely used in rapeseed hybrid seed production, makes it possible to control hybridization between female and male lines. A review of publications on the nature of CMS systems in rapeseed and their utilization in breeding is presented. In rapeseed there are more than 10 known CMS systems of alloplasmic and homoplasmic origin. The male sterility character proved to be determined by chimeric mitochondrial genes, characterized by the presence of novel transcribed open reading frames ( orf ). Mitochondrial CMS genes associated with nap , pol , ogu and Nsa sterility types as well as nuclear Rf genes for pollen fertility restoration were identified. Molecular marker systems for identification of CMS-inducing and male fertility restoring genes were developed. The ogu , pol , MSL and inap CMS systems are commonly used for producing industrial rapeseed hybrids. The State Register of the Russian Federation for 2019 contains rapeseed hybrids of only foreign origin. Main achievements in domestic rapeseed hybrid production are highlighted. Research and breeding institutions developed new source material for rapeseed hete rotic hybrid breeding in various regions of the country. The sterility and fertility restoration sources were received from Canadian and French institutions as well as from domestic working collections. The yield structure traits did not deteriorate after transferring hybrid maternal lines to the sterile cytoplasm, while the glucosinolate content increased when pollen fertility restoring genes were transferred into paternal lines. Dihaploid (androclinium) lines and in vitro culture of unfertilized ovules were used to accelerate the breeding process. Experimental hybrids were developed using pol and ogu CMS.

This article presents a full-wave method to characterize lossy conductors in an interconnect setting. To this end, a novel and accurate differential surface admittance operator for cuboids based on entire domain basis functions is formulated. By combining this new operator with the augmented electric field integral equation, a comprehensive broadband characterization is obtained. Compared with the state of the art in differential surface admittance operator modeling, we prove the accuracy and improved speed of the novel formulation. Additional examples support these conclusions by comparing the results with commerical software tools and with measurements.

To the best of our knowledge, the most recent light detection and ranging (lidar)-based surveys have been focused only on specific applications such as reconstruction and segmentation, as well as data processing techniques based on a specific platform, e.g., mobile laser. However, in this article, lidar point clouds are understood from a new and universal perspective, i.e., geometric primitives embedded in versatile objects in the physical world. In lidar point clouds, the basic unit is the point coordinate. Geometric primitives that consist of a group of discrete points may be viewed as one kind of abstraction and representation of lidar data at the entity level. We categorize geometric primitives into two classes: shape primitives, e.g., lines, surfaces, and volumetric shapes, and structure primitives, represented by skeletons and edges. In recent years, many efforts from different communities, such as photogrammetry, computer vision, and computer graphics, have been made to finalize geometric primitive detection, regularization, and in-depth applications. Interpretations of geometric primitives from multiple disciplines try to convey the significance of geometric primitives, the latest processing techniques regarding geometric primitives, and their potential possibilities in the context of lidar point clouds. To this end, primitive-based applications are reviewed with an emphasis on object extraction and reconstruction to clearly show the significances of this article. Next, we survey and compare methods for geometric primitive extraction and then review primitive regularization methods that add real-world constrains to initial primitives. Finally, we summarize the challenges, expected applications, and describe possible future for primitive extraction methods that can achieve globally optimal results efficiently, even with disorganized, uneven, noisy, incomplete, and large-scale lidar point clouds.

Growth arrest at the secondary growth plate, also known as the acrophysis, is a rare phenomenon with only very few known published case reports. We report on a case of formation of ghost secondary ossification centers at the acrophyses of the knee joint in a 14-year-old female, who survived early childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient suffered from severe side effects from both disease and subsequent treatment strategies with a 10-month immobilization period as a consequence at the age of 3 years. The ghost secondary ossification centers were encountered on radiographs and MRI 10 years later, when she presented for evaluation of chronic pain in her left knee related to sports activities, due to a meniscal cyst. Awareness of this phenomenon is nevertheless important, because it seems that endochondral bone growth recovery at the acrophyses might be different from recovery in physes, because we found no concomitant sequelae of growth arrest in the metaphyses. ispartof: SKELETAL RADIOLOGY vol:49 issue:12 pages:2095-2099 ispartof: location:Germany status: published

The relevance of epigenetics is increasingly recognized in haematopoietic diseases such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Variants of histones, such as macroH2As, and chromatin remodellers, such as the CHRAC complex, are key players in these epigenetic regulations. On the other hand, non-coding DNA regions, including long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), also show increasing relevance, notably in cancer. Here, we studied the relationship between LINEs and macroH2As in a hepatocarcinoma cell line. Computational analysis and experimental work led to conflicting results regarding a potential repressive role of macroH2As on LINEs. In addition, we studied the role of macroH2As as well as other chromatin regulators in the response to the epigenetic treatments Azacitidine and Decitabine in MDS/AML cell lines and a cohort of patient's samples. We were able to show that reduced expression of macroH2A1 and CHRAC complex component, BAZ1A, sensitized MDS/AML cell lines to epigenetic treatments. Furthermore, in patient sample, CHRAC complex components were less expressed in ten-eleven translocase 2 (TET2) mutants and in non-responders to Azacitidine. Cada vez se reconoce más la importancia de la epigenética en enfermedades hematopoyéticas como los síndromes mielodisplásicos (SMD) y la leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA). Las variantes de histonas, como las macroH2A, y los remodeladores de la cromatina, como el complejo CHRAC, son actores claves en estas regulaciones epigenéticas. Por otra parte, las regiones de ADN no codificante, incluidos los elementos nucleares intercalados largos (LINEs), también muestran una relevancia creciente, especialmente en el cáncer. Aquí estudiamos la relación entre los LINEs y las macroH2As en una línea celular de hepatocarcinoma. El análisis computacional y el trabajo experimental condujeron a resultados contradictorios respecto a un potencial papel represivo de las macroH2As sobre los LINEs. Además, estudiamos el papel de las macroH2As, así como de otros reguladores de la cromatina, en la respuesta a los tratamientos epigenéticos Azacitidina y Decitabina en líneas celulares de SMD/LMA y en una cohorte de muestras de pacientes. Pudimos demostrar que la reducción de la expresión de macroH2A1 y del componente del complejo CHRAC, BAZ1A, sensibilizó a las líneas celulares de SMD/LMA a los tratamientos epigenéticos. Además, en la muestra de pacientes, los componentes del complejo CHRAC se expresaban menos en los mutantes de la \textit{ten-eleven} translocasa 2 (TET2) y en los que no respondían a la Azacitidina.

В Нахичеванской Автономной Республике Азербайджана среди зерновых культур особая роль принадлежит ячменю. Он используется в качестве продовольственной и кормовой культуры. Важнейшее значение при возделывании ячменя на богаре имеет сорт и его сортовые особенности, позволяющие в условиях недостаточного увлажнения формировать высокий урожай зерна. Создание засухоустойчивых и высокопродуктивных сортов ячменя для богарного земледелия Автономной Республики является важнейшей задачей селекции, успешное решение которой невозможно без привлечения обширного генофонда мировой коллекции и правильного подбора родительских форм для скрещивания. Исследования по селекционной оценке сортов, гибридных форм и линий и пригодности использования их в качестве родительских форм при скрещивании и выведении новых сортов проводили в Институте Биоресурсов. Целью исследований было изучение и выявление образцов ячменя по комплексу хозяйственно-ценных признаков и выделение наиболее ценных из них в качестве исходного материала для селекции сортов на засухоустойчивость. В задачи исследований входило установить характер наследования важнейших селекционных признаков и получить новый исходный материал для дальнейшей работы по ячменю. Проводилась оценка по фенологическим признакам растения и урожая зерна, засухоустойчивости, устойчивости к полеганию, биохимическим показателям качества зерна. Проведённые исследования позволили выделить ряд гибридных форм и линий ячменя, рекомендуемых для использования в селекции при выведении новых урожайных и засухоустойчивых сортов ячменя., In the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, barley is of particular importance among grain crops. It is used as a food and fodder crop. The variety and its varietal features are of great importance in the cultivation of barley on the bogar, they make it possible to form a high grain yield in conditions of insufficient moisture. The creation of drought-resistant and highly productive barley varieties for rain-fed agriculture of the Autonomous Republic is the most important task of breeding, the successful solution of which is impossible without the involvement of an extensive gene pool of the world collection and the correct selection of parental forms for crossing. Studies on the selection evaluation of varieties, hybrid forms and lines and the suitability of using them as parent forms when crossing and breeding new varieties were carried out at the Institute of Bioresources. The purpose of the research was to study and identify samples of barley according to a complex of economically valuable traits and select the most valuable of them as a starting material for breeding drought resistant varieties. The research objectives were to establish the inheritance nature of the most important breeding traits and to obtain new source material for further work on barley. The assessment was carried out according to the phenological characteristics of the plant and grain harvest, drought resistance, lodging resistance, biochemical indicators of grain quality. The conducted research allowed us to identify a number of hybrid forms and lines of barley recommended for use in selection when breeding new high-yielding and drought-resistant varieties of barley.

Background Central venous line insertion in neonates is an important and lifesaving procedure. It can carry significant risks and complications, including death, at the time of insertion or later. We aimed to retrospectively assess the modified Seldinger technique for open placement of a central venous catheter in neonates, regarding its safety, feasibility, operative time, and preservation of the patency of the internal jugular vein. This study was conducted on 120 neonates from March 2018 to March 2020. We closely monitored the pulse for the detection of arrhythmia or bradycardia, which might be caused during the insertion of the guide wire or the tip of the catheter. Post-operative X-ray was done immediately after the end of the procedure for all cases, to determine the site of the central venous catheter and to detect the presence of pneumothorax. Results Arrhythmia was observed in 9 cases (7.5%), and blood oozing in 5 cases (4.1%). There were 3 cases of pneumothorax (2.5%), 2 cases of neck hematoma in two cases (1.6%), 6 cases of internal jugular vein thrombosis (5%), and dislodging of the catheter in 3 cases (2.5%). There were no cases of arterial puncture, failure of cannulation, or haemothorax in our study. Conclusions The modified Seldinger technique insertion for open central venous line in neonates is a safe, accessible, and feasible method, especially in centers that lack the experience of ultrasound-guided insertion in neonates.

Mesenchymal cells of diverse origins differ in gene and protein expression besides producing varying effects on their organ-matched epithelial cells’ maintenance and differentiation capacity. Co-culture with rodent’s tissue-specific pancreatic mesenchyme accelerates proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation of pancreatic epithelial progenitors. Therefore, in our study, the impact of three-dimensional (3D) co-culture of human fetal pancreatic-derived mesenchymal cells (hFP-MCs) with human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors (hESC-PPs) development towards endocrine and beta cells was assessed. Besides, the ability to maintain scalable cultures combining hFP-MCs and hESC-PPs was investigated. hFP-MCs expressed many markers in common with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, they showed higher expression of DESMIN compared to BM-MSCs. After co-culture of hESC-PPs with hFP-MCs, the pancreatic progenitor (PP) spheroids generated in Matrigel had higher expression of NGN3 and INSULIN than BM-MSCs co-culture group, which shows an inductive impact of pancreatic mesenchyme on hESC-PPs beta-cells maturation. Pancreatic aggregates generated by forced aggregation through scalable AggreWell system showed similar features compared to the spheroids. These aggregates, a combination of hFP-MCs and hESC-PPs can be applied as an appropriate tool for assessing endocrine-niche interactions and developmental processes by mimicking the pancreatic tissue.

Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder affecting the performance of various daily tasks, including drawing. While spiral-drawing task characteristics have been described among patients with ET, research about the significance of the drawing direction of both spiral and lines tasks on the performance process is scarce. This study mapped inter-group differences between people with ET and controls related to drawing directions and the intra-effect of the drawing directions on the tremor level among people with ET. Twenty participants with ET and eighteen without ET drew spirals and vertical and horizontal lines on a digitizer with an inking pen. Time-based outcome measures were gathered to address the effect of the drawing directions on tremor by analyzing various spiral sections and comparing vertical and horizontal lines. Significant group differences were found in deviation of the spiral radius from a filtered radius curve and in deviation of the distance curve from a filtered curve for both line types. Significant differences were found between defined horizontal and vertical spiral sections within each group and between both line types within the ET group. A significant correlation was found between spiral and vertical line deviations from filtered curve outcome measures. Achieving objective measures about the significance of drawing directions on actual performance may support the clinical evaluation of people with ET toward developing future intervention methods for improving their functional abilities.

Seeds of maize hybrids in the Russian Federation are obtained using CMS, therefore it is necessary to transfer the developed hybrids to a sterile basis to introduce them into production. The purpose of the work is to study the reaction of self-pollinated maize lines to various types of CMS. There was estimated the response of 26 self-pollinated maize lines to the “M” type of CMS and the response of 23 lines to the “C” type of CMS. The simple sterile hybrids “Milena M”, “Madonna M”, “Krucha M”, “Istok C”, “Nimfa C”, “Malvina C”, which are the mother forms of the new three-linear maize hybrids have been used as the testers of the sources of sterility. The self-pollinated lines have been classified according to the response to the “M” type of CMS as sterility fixers (11), incomplete sterility fixers (7), fertility reducing agents (6), non-uniform in reconstructing ability (2). In relation to the “C” type of CMS there were identified 10 sterility fixers, 3 incomplete sterility fixers, 7 fertility reducing agents, 3 non-uniform in reconstructing ability. The reducing agents of Moldavian type of CMS “FC 18 A”, “T 22 A”, “DS 768/83-3”, “DS 768/85-4”, “DS 768/85”, “DS 768/85-5” are of the greatest practical interest as they can be used as natural reducing agents (paternal forms) in the developed hybrid combinations. The constant natural reducing agents of the “C” type of CMS (“T 22 A”, “PLS 61”, “DK 22/325”, as paternal forms of hybrids grown on sterile cytoplasm of the “C” type) are of practical value. The use of sterile testers in hybridization allows simultaneously with the development of new hybrids to start the first stage of their transfer to a sterile basis, namely to evaluate the response of the lines to the sterile cytoplasm.

Responses of an individual to food deprivation, such as a 16-h fast, are complex, and are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Domestication is an ongoing process during which adaptations to changing environments occur over generations. Food deprivation by their caretakers is less for domestic chickens than for their junglefowl ancestors. Unlike domestic chicken, the junglefowl adapted over generations to periods of food deprivation, which may be reflected in differences in metabolic responses to brief periods without food. Here, we compared the blood glucose and plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) among four populations when deprived of feed for 16 h. The four populations included a domestic White Rock experimental line (LWS) maintained for generations under ad libitum feeding, adult red junglefowl (RJF), and a reciprocal cross of the lines. Although there were significant differences in adult (31-week) body weight between the RJF (683 g) and LWS (1282 g), with the weight of F1 crosses being intermediate, the amount of abdominal fat relative to body weight was similar for all populations. Patterns for blood glucose responses to a glucose bolus after a 16-h fast were similar for the initial and final points in the parental and cross populations. However, RJF reached their peak faster than LWS, with the reciprocal cross intermediate to the parental populations. Plasma NEFA concentrations were higher after the 16-h fast than in fed states, with no population differences for the fasting state. However, in the fed state, NEFA levels were lesser for LWS than for others, which was reflected further in percentage change from fed to fasted. This larger change in LWS suggests differences in mobilization of energy substrates and implies that during domestication or development of the LWS line, thresholds for responses to acute stressors may have increased. Published version

Soil salinity is one of the most serious environmental factors affecting crop productivity around the world. We used a morpho-physiological approach to investigate the salt responses of four Tunisian natural populations of Medicago ciliaris. Forty-six lines of M. ciliaris were grown under a control treatment and 100 mM NaCl. We measured 11 quantitative traits of shoot and root growth during harvest. An analysis of variance showed that the variations in salt response can be explained by the effects of the population, line, treatment, and interactions between the population and treatment and the line and treatment. Most of the measured traits showed significant differences between the studied populations under the control treatment and salt stress. High to moderate broad-sense heritabilities (H2) were noted for most of the parameters under the control treatment and salt stress, implying that salt tolerance is highly heritable. Most correlations between the measured traits under the two treatments were positive, of which the strongest correlations were recorded between characteristics related to development. The 46 studied lines formed three groups in both conditions, while their genetic structure was dependent on the treatment factor. The results from this study can provide a basis for identifying and breeding salt-tolerant lines of M. ciliaris.

Clubroot disease (causative organism Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) is among the most economically important and harmful diseases of the cole crops, and the damage due to this disease may reach up to 50-75% of the yield and even 100% in epiphytotics years. Even resistant varieties become susceptible over the years, because of appearance of the new pathogen races and change of climatic conditions in the main growing areas of the crop. In this context the Laboratory of Plant Immunity and Protection, of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” implements continuous phytoimmunological evaluation of collection and selection specimens and also directional material rather than just annual monitoring of causative organism dissemination in order to find new resistance sources. For this purpose an artificial infection background is used: compost obtained from decomposed nodules on the cabbage roots affected by clubroot disease (infection load 105-106 spores/cm3). The resistance of white cabbage varieties was evaluated during the harvesting period using five-point score of the root system damage, which formed the basis for categorization into resistance groups. For the analysis of artificial background intensity and specimen ranking the individual plants of the white cabbage variety Slava 1305, which is a susceptibility standard, were randomly planted in the entire area of the infection background. The impact of atmospheric conditions in the study year on the results of phytopathological evaluation of cabbage selection specimens against the infection background is demonstrated. Under unfavorable conditions for pathogen development (2014) the most specimens (74%) were categorized as relatively resistant, while in favourable for pathogen year 2015 relatively resistant specimens comprised only 5% of the total number of studied specimens. Since the same specimen may show different level of resistance depending on the year conditions, the stability of character manifestation is the important criterion for identification of the resistance resources. Phytopathological evaluation aimed on selection of clubroot-resistant forms in the Moscow region should last for at least three years even with the use of infection background. Long-lasting evaluation showed that the strains No 234/15,140/14,216/17 exhibiting high resistance to clubroot against artificial infection background regardless of the year conditions are the most valuable for selection. The resistance of white cabbage selection varieties to clubroot disease was studied against the infection background.

Mutant genotypes of biomass sorghum for low lignin - bmr (brown midrib) and sensitive to photoperiod are interesting for the production of second-generation ethanol. This research aimed to estimate the combining ability between lines A and R of biomass sorghum, both carrying the bmr-6 allele, for bioenergy potential. Three male-sterile lines (A) and ten fertility restorative lines (R) were used, generating 30 hybrids bmr and sensitive to photoperiod. The 30 hybrids, their parents, and six controls were evaluated in a triple lattice design (7 × 7), in two experimental areas of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, in Sete Lagoas and Nova Porteirinha (Minas Gerais). These lines were crossed in a partial diallel design, based on the Griffing IV model (1956) adapted for partial diallel by Miranda Filho and Geraldi (1984). The evaluated traits were: days to flowering (DTF, days after sowing), plant height (PH, m), fresh biomass yield (FBY, ton.ha−1), dry matter (DM, %), and dry matter yield (DMY, t. ha−1). In addition, the FAI-BLUP selection Index was used to assist the selection of hybrids that simultaneously meet favorable traits. Results revealed that treatments x environment interaction had a significant effect (p

Мазкур мақолада халқаро кузги буғдойни ривожлантириш дастури асосида республикамизга интродукция қилинган кузги ва дуварак юмшоқ буғдой намуналарининг сариқ занг касаллиги (P. striiformis f. sp tritici) билан касалланиш даражаси ҳамда юқори дон сифатига эга намуналар устида олиб борилган тадқиқотлар натижалари келтирилган. Тадқиқот натижалари асосида юмшоқ буғдойнинг сариқ занг касаллигига чидамли ва дон сифат кўрсаткичлари юқори бўлган нав намуналар назорат нав синовида ўрганиш учун тавсия этилган, The article presents the results of studies of the incidence of yellow rust (P. striiformis f. sp tritici) resistance of winter and facultative bread wheat lines introduced to the country on the basis of the International Winter Wheat Improvement Program, as well as high grain quality. Based on the results of the study, yellow rust resistant and high grain quality bread wheat lines were recommended for further testing in yield trials

Onion (A. cepa L.) is an outcrossing biennial species with a very large genome. Development of genetically uniform (inbred) lines highly desired by onion breeders is a difficult process due to high level of heterozygosity. Inbred onion development may take up to five generations (similar to 10 years) by classical selfing technique. Onion shows severe inbreeding depression, which further complicates production of lines with stabilized important agronomic traits. When applied successfully, haploidization technology can be useful in the development of fully homozygous onion lines in 2 years. Although production of haploid and doubled haploid (DH) onions via gynogenesis was reported more than three decades ago, successful production and utilization of DHs in onion breeding is still far behind of expectations of breeders. The main obstacles in front of the success include high variation in the response of donor materials to gynogenesis induction and difficulties faced in the process of obtaining DHs from haploid plants. We use a DH production procedure enabling us to develop DH plants from a wide range of onion donor materials. This procedure is based on production of haploid plants via single step culture of unopened flower buds, detection of haploid plants among gynogenic regenerants, and converting these plants to fecund DHs using a combination of ploidy manipulation techniques. The bulbs of DHs are produced in about 1 year after the initiation of induction cultures and selfed seeds are produced from fecund DH plants when they flower in the second year.

International audience; Congestion, related to pressures and/or fluid overload, plays a central role in the pathophysiology, presentation and prognosis of heart failure and is an important therapeutic target. While symptoms and physical signs of fluid overload are required to make a clinical diagnosis of heart failure, they lack both sensitivity and specificity, which might lead to diagnostic delay and uncertainty. Over the last decades, new ultrasound methods for the detection of elevated intracardiac pressures and/or fluid overload have been developed that are more sensitive and specific, thereby enabling earlier and more accurate diagnosis and facilitating treatment strategies. Accordingly, we considered that a state-of-the-art review of ultrasound methods for the detection and quantification of congestion was timely, including imaging of the heart, lungs (B-lines), kidneys (intrarenal venous flow), and venous system (inferior vena cava and internal jugular vein diameter). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

This article provides an overview of some problems of the breeding and reproduction of laboratory minipigs. The most obvious of these are the lack of centralized accounting of breeding groups, uniform selection standards for reproduction and evaluation of breeding animals, as well as minimizing the accumulation of fitness-reducing mutations and maintaining genetic diversity. According to the latest estimates, there are at least 30 breeding groups of mini-pigs systematically used as laboratory animals in the world. Among them, there are both breed formations represented by several colonies, and breeding groups consisting of a single herd. It was shown that the main selection strategy is selection for the live weight of adults of 50-80 kg and the adaptation of animals to a specific type of biomedical experiments. For its implementation in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, selection by live weight is practiced at 140- and 154-day-old age. It was indicated that different herds of mini-pigs have their own breeding methods to counteract inbred depression and maintain genetic diversity. Examples are the maximization of coat color phenotypes, the cyclical system of matching parent pairs, and the structuring of herds into subpopulations. In addition, in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, molecular genetic methods are used to monitor heterozygosity. Every effort is made to keep the number of inbred crosses in the breeding of laboratory mini-pigs to a minimum, which is not always possible due to their small number. It is estimated that to avoid close inbreeding, the number of breeding groups should be at least 28 individuals, including boars of at least 4 genealogical lines and at least 4 families of sows. The accumulation of genetic cargo in herds of mini-pigs takes place, but the harmful effect is rather the result of erroneous decisions of breeders. Despite the fact that when breeding a number of mini-pigs, the goal was to complete the herds with exclusively white animals, in most breeding groups there is a polymorphism in the phenotype of the coat color.В статье представлен обзор проблем разведения и селекции лабораторных мини-свиней. Наиболее очевидные из них – отсутствие централизованного учета селекционных групп, единых стандартов отбора для воспроизводства и оценки племенных животных, а также минимизация накопления снижающих приспособленность мутаций и поддержание генетического разнообразия. По последним данным, в мире насчитывают не менее 30 селекционных групп мини-свиней, систематически используемых в качестве лабораторных животных. Среди них существуют как породные образования, представленные несколькими колониями, так и селекционные группы, состоящие из одного стада. Показано, что основная стратегия отбора включает селекцию на живую массу взрослых особей 50–80 кг и приспособленность животных к конкретному типу биомедицинских экспериментов. Для ее реализации в разведении зарубежных мини-свиней практикуют отбор по живой массе в 140- и 154-дневном возрасте. Указано, что в стадах мини-свиней представлены разные селекционные методы противодействия инбредной депрессии и поддержания генетического разнообразия. Примерами служат максимизация фенотипов масти, цикличная система подбора родительских пар и структурирование стад на субпопуляции. Кроме того, в разведении зарубежных мини-свиней для мониторинга гетерозиготности используют молекулярно-генетические методы. Количество инбредных скрещиваний в разведении лабораторных мини-свиней стараются минимизировать, что не всегда возможно из-за их малочисленности. Подсчитано, что во избежание тесного инбридинга численность селекционной группы должна быть не менее 28 особей, включающих хряков как минимум четырех генеалогических линий и свиноматок из не менее четырех семейств. Накопление генетического груза в стадах мини-свиней возможно, но вредоносный эффект является скорее следствием ошибочных решений селекционеров. Несмотря на то что при выведении ряда мини-свиней стояла цель укомплектовать стада исключительно белыми животными, в большинстве селекционных групп наблюдается полиморфизм по фенотипу масти.

Funder: Tampereen Yliopisto (University of Tampere); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004371, Funder: Tekes (Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003406, Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neurons provide exciting opportunities for in vitro modeling of neurological diseases and for advancing drug development and neurotoxicological studies. However, generating electrophysiologically mature neuronal networks from hPSCs has been challenging. Here, we report the differentiation of functionally active hPSC-derived cortical networks on defined laminin-521 substrate. We apply microelectrode array (MEA) measurements to assess network events and compare the activity development of hPSC-derived networks to that of widely used rat embryonic cortical cultures. In both of these networks, activity developed through a similar sequence of stages and time frames; however, the hPSC-derived networks showed unique patterns of bursting activity. The hPSC-derived networks developed synchronous activity, which involved glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs, recapitulating the classical cortical activity also observed in rodent counterparts. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on spike rates, network synchronization and burst features revealed the segregation of hPSC-derived and rat network recordings into different clusters, reflecting the species-specific and maturation state differences between the two networks. Overall, hPSC-derived neural cultures produced with a defined protocol generate cortical type network activity, which validates their applicability as a human-specific model for pharmacological studies and modeling network dysfunctions.

Let $W\subset \mathbb {P}^n$, $n\ge 3$, be a degree $k$ hypersurface. Consider a "general" reducible, but connected, curve $Y\subset \mathbb {P}^n$, for instance a sufficiently general connected and nodal union of lines with $p_a(Y)=0$, i.e. a tree of lines. We study the Hilbert function of the set $Y\cap W$ with cardinality $k\deg (Y)$ and prove when it is the expected one. We give complete classification of the exceptions for $k=2$ and for $n=k=3$. We apply these results and tools to the case in which $Y$ is a smooth curve with $\mathcal {O}_Y(1)$ non-special., Comment: corrected a big typo in the first two lines of the introduction, no other modification

We present the multi-wavelength analysis of the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT~2018hyz (ASASSN-18zj). From follow-up optical spectroscopy, we detect the first unambiguous case of resolved double-peaked Balmer emission in a TDE. The distinct line profile can be well-modelled by a low eccentricity ($e\approx0.1$) accretion disk extending out to $\sim$100 $R_{p}$ and a Gaussian component originating from non-disk clouds, though a bipolar outflow origin cannot be completely ruled out. Our analysis indicates that in AT~2018hyz, disk formation took place promptly after the most-bound debris returned to pericenter, which we estimate to be roughly tens of days before the first detection. Redistribution of angular momentum and mass transport, possibly through shocks, must occur on the observed timescale of about a month to create the large \Ha-emitting disk that comprises $\lesssim$5\% of the initial stellar mass. With these new insights from AT~2018hyz, we infer that circularization is efficient in at least some, if not all optically-bright, X-ray faint TDEs. In these efficiently circularized TDEs, the detection of double-peaked emission depends on the disk inclination angle and the relative strength of the disk contribution to the non-disk component, possibly explaining the diversity seen in the current sample., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

We discovered Bowen emission arising from a strongly lensed (i.e., with magnification factor $��$>20) source hosted in the Sunburst arc at z=2.37. We claim this source is plausibly a transient stellar object and study the unique ultraviolet lines emerging from it. In particular, narrow ($��$_v ~ 40 km/s) ionisation lines of Fe fluoresce after being exposed to Lya radiation that pumps selectively their atomic levels. Data from VLT/MUSE, X-Shooter and ESPRESSO observations (the latter placed at the focus of the four UTs) at increasing spectral resolution of R=2500, 11400 and R=70000, respectively, confirm such fluorescent lines are present since at least 3.3 years (~ 1 year rest-frame). Additional Fe forbidden lines have been detected, while C and Si doublets probe an electron density n_e >~ $10^6$ cm$^{-3}$. Similarities with the spectral features observed in the circum-stellar Weigelt blobs of Eta-Carinae probing the circum-stellar dense gas condensations in radiation-rich conditions are observed. We discuss the physical origin of the transient event, which remains unclear. We expect such transient events (including also supernova or impostors) will be easily recognised with ELTs thanks to high angular resolution provided by adaptive optics and large collecting area, especially in modest ($��< 3$) magnification regime., 5 pages, 4 figures. MNRAS accepted

We consider a random Gaussian ensemble of Laplace eigenfunctions on the 3D torus, and investigate the 1-dimensional Hausdorff measure (‘length’) of nodal intersections against a smooth 2-dimensional toral sub-manifold (‘surface’). A prior result of ours prescribed the expected length, universally proportional to the area of the reference surface, times the wavenumber, independent of the geometry. ¶ In this paper, for surfaces contained in a plane, we give an upper bound for the nodal intersection length variance, depending on the arithmetic properties of the plane. The bound is established via estimates on the number of lattice points in specific regions of the sphere.

Целью исследований являлась оценка перспективных селекционных линий чечевицы по основным хозяйственно-ценным признакам в резко континентальных условиях Северного Казахстана. Исследования селекционного материала крупносеменной и мелкосеменной чечевицы проведены по стерневому предшественнику (ячмень) на черноземе южном легкосуглинистом в период 2018-2019 гг. Материалом служили селекционные линии: 9 образцов мелкосеменной и 11 образцов крупносеменной чечевицы. Для крупносеменной чечевицы сорт стандарт Шырайлы, мелкосеменной – Крапинка. В среднем вегетационный период всех изучаемых образцов составил 80,5 дней. Вариация между образцами по этому признаку была незначительная. По высоте растений выделились крупносеменные линий: E-134 (41 см) и к-2720 (39 см) и мелкосеменные: 2030 (40 см), E-114 (42 см), 1962 (43 см), д.32 (44 см) и K-1460 (43 см). По высоте прикреплений нижних бобов выделились линии к-2720 (27 см), E-134 (28 см) и д.32 (28 см), K-1460 (29 см). По числу бобов лучшие линии – 2030 (29 шт.), Е-114 (25 шт.), 1962 и Д 32 (30 шт.), К-1460 (32 шт.). Эти же линии превзошли контроль (0,73 г) по массе семян с растения. В сравнении со стандартом Шырайлы – 50,32 г. крупносеменная линия K-2706 (51,71 г) показала более высокую массу 1000 семян. Весь испытуемый селекционный материал превзошел по урожайности сорта стандарты. Наибольшую урожайность показали крупносеменная линия К1286 (10,11 ц/га) и сорт Сакура (10,20 ц/га). У мелкосеменных выделились линии 2030 (10,88 ц/га), 1962 (10,72 ц/га), Д 32 (11,29 ц/га) и К-1460 (11,09 ц/га). Перспективные линии по ряду хозяйственно – ценных признаков требуют дальнейшего изучения и внедрения в производство., Research aims to assess promising lentils lines on the main agronomic characters in the extreme continental climate of Northern Kazakhstan. The study of large-seeded and small-seeded lentils are based on stubble forecrop (barley) on black earth southern light loamysoil in 2018-2019. Research focuses on these selection lines: 9 samples of small-seeded and 11 samples of large-seeded lentils. Shyraily is the standard for large-seeded varieties, Krapinka for small-seeded ones. On average the growth season of all samples under study is 80.5 days. Difference between samples on this characteristic is insignificant. When it comes to a plant height, large-seeded lined stand out: E-134 (41 cm) and k-2720 (39 cm) as well as small-seeded: 2030 (40cm), E-114 (42 cm), 1962 (43 cm), d.32 (44 cm) and K-1460 (43 cm). The height of lower beans is marked by k-2720 (27 cm), E-134 (28 cm) and d.32 (28 cm), K-1460 (29 cm). According to the number of beans, the best lines are 2030 (29 pcs), Е-114 (25 pcs), 1962 and D 32 (30 pcs), K-1460 (32 pcs). These lines exceed the control (0.73 g) on a seed weight from the plant. Compared to the standard Shyraily 50.32 g, the large-seeded line K-2706 (51/71 g) has a higher thousand kernel weight. The material under study exceeds the standard varieties on yield. The greatest yielding capacity has the large-seeded line K1286 (10.11 dt/ha) and Sakura (10.20 dt/ha). Among the small-seeded lines are noted 030 (10.88 dt/ha), 1962 (10.72 dt/ha), D 32 (11.29 dt/ha) and К-1460 (11.09 dt/ha). Promising lines on several agronomic characters require further study and manufacturing application.

Immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare disease caused by clonal plasma cell secretion of misfolded light chains that assemble as toxic amyloid fibrils, depositing in vital organs including the heart and kidneys, causing organ dysfunction. Plasma cell–directed therapeutics are expected to reduce production of toxic light chain by eliminating amyloidogenic cells in bone marrow, thereby diminishing amyloid fibril deposition and providing the potential for organ recovery. Melphalan flufenamide (melflufen) is a first-in-class peptide–drug conjugate that targets aminopeptidases and rapidly releases alkylating agents inside tumor cells. Melflufen is highly lipophilic, permitting rapid uptake by cells, where it is enzymatically hydrolyzed by aminopeptidases, resulting in intracellular accumulation of the alkylating agents, including melphalan. Previous data demonstrating sensitivity of myeloma cells to melflufen suggest that the drug might be useful in AL amyloidosis. We describe the effects of melflufen on amyloidogenic plasma cells in vitro and ex vivo, demonstrating enhanced cytotoxic effects in comparison to melphalan, as well as novel mechanisms of action through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. These findings provide evidence that melflufen-mediated cytotoxicity extends to amyloidogenic plasma cells, and support the rationale for the evaluation of melflufen in patients with AL amyloidosis.

نفذت تجربة حقلية في المحطة الارشادية في المهناوية سدة الهندية/ بابل في الموسم الربيعي لعام 2015والخريفي2015 بهدف زراعة (6) سلالات نقية من الذرة الصفراء (OH40،ZP707،ZP670،IK8،R153 وDK) في الموسم الربيعي وتهجينها وفي الموسم الخريفي تقييم السلالات والهجن التبادلية الناتجة منها وذلك بزراعتها بمسافات مختلفة 30,25,20)) سم بين النباتات لدراسة تأثير المسافات بين النباتات في نمو وحاصل السلالات المذكورة وهجنها التبادلية وفق تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة RCBD)) اشارت النتائج الى وجود فروق معنوية بين التراكيب الوراثية والمسافات ببن النباتات والتداخل بينهما أذ تميزت السلالةR153) ) بإعطائها اعلى القيم للصفات التالية : المساحة الورقية, عدد العرانيص, عدد الحبوب بالعرنوص ,حاصل النبات الواحد،الحاصل الكلي (طن.ه-1) اذ اعطت القيم (3466 سم2،1.10 عرنوص. نبات-1،393.36 حبة. عرنوص غم. نبات-1، 6.3 طن.هـ-1) بالتتابع ، عند المسافة 30سم متفوقتا على المسافتين الاخريتين 25.20) ) سم الصفات المدروسة كافة . اما الهجن فقد تفوق الهجين R153)× IK8) لجميع الصفات المذكورة معطيا اعلى المعدلات وقدرها (5639سم2 (1.25 عرنوص.نبات-1, 635.30 حبة. عرنوص-1 ,185.39 غم. نبات-1 10.6 طن .هكتار-1. واعطت السلالة (R153) والهجن R153)× IK8) عند المسافة (25) سم افضل تداخل بينهما.

Leek very ancient culture which was widely applied in cookery and as remedy still by ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Now the leek is widespread in countries of Western Europe and North Africa, in the USA, Canada, Australia. On chemical composition it is one of the most valuable onions representing in fact "the alive table of Mendeleyev". In such countries as Belgium, Holland and France it is one of the main vegetable cultures, and annual production it per capita makes from 4 to 10 kg. In Russia, unfortunately, it is still rare culture though falls into to the most valuable types of an onion on biochemical structure, productivity, resistance to wreckers and diseases. Widespread introduction of a leek in production restrains a number of factors among which lack of early ripening varieties with the increased resistance to extreme environmental conditions, and in this regard – difficulty of receiving high-quality seeds of leek in a midland of Russia to the north of Rostov-on-Don. Therefore, a vital necessity is on the basis of study under various conditions of cooperation a "genotype is an environment" and selection from world collection of sources of economic-valuable signs, creation of productive sorts and hybrids with good resistance to cold, possessing in the conditions of Moscow Suburbs, along with the high productivity and quality of products, by a high adaptivity to the different terms of height winter spending. Results of long-term researches of laboratory of selection of onions cultures (VNIISSOK) on studying, assessment and selection of exemplars of grades of leek from the VIR world collection are presented in article, receiving hybrid combinations and lines, development of methods of selection and creation on this basis of grades and hybrids of leek for not seedling culture in a midland of Russia, possessing high rates of vegetable and seed efficiency, quality of production and winter hardiness.

Pellucid punctuations and lines in the leaf blade are common in Casearia, but for some of its species these structures are mentioned as inconspicuous, not visible or obscure. Cavities and ducts have been anatomically described and correlated with pellucid punctuations and lines, respectively, in only six species from the genus; however, the distinction between these types of secretory structures remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to anatomically describe the pellucid punctuations and lines in leaves of 47 species of Casearia. Leaf blade samples were obtained from herbarium and field collected material and processed according to standard methods for light microscopy analysis. Cavities and ducts were absent in only four of the 47 species (C. commersoniana, C. javitensis and C. spruceana of section Piparea, and C. eicheleriana of section Casearia). In the remaining species, cavities corresponded to pellucid punctuations, while ducts corresponded with lines. The majority of species have both structures randomly distributed throughout the leaf blade, however, in C. bahiensis, these structures are concentrated along the leaf margin, while in C. aquifolia and C. crassinervis they were predominant along the midrib. Our data show that anatomical analyses are essential for distinguishing between cavities and ducts. We also demonstrate that the distribution of cavities and ducts provides useful information for the taxonomy of Casearia at both the species and section levels.

Maize genotypes have varied reactions in different localities, years, treatments or the combination of these factors, due to genotype x year interaction. The objective of this study was to estimate genotype by locality, by year, by treatments (G×L×Y×T) interaction using AMMI model, to identify maize genotypes with stable and high yield performance in different growing seasons. The trials with seven maize lines/genotypes were conducted during two years (2010-2011) at the four treatments and two locations: Panĉevo and Zemun Polje. The results showed that the influence of: genotype (G), locality (L), treatment (T) and G×L, G×T, Y×L, Y×T, L×T, G×Y×T, G×L×T, Y×L×T, G×Y×L×T interaction, on maize yield were significant (p

A total of 300 eggs from 45 female quails from three different lines (Dark brown, light brown and white) aged 10 weeks old were equally divided into three experimental groups having 15 birds of each and caged separately, to estimate the external and internal egg quality traits. Half eggs were measured 24 hrs. post lay and others were measured after one week of storage at room temperature. The results showed that there were significant differences among lines for egg length, yolk height, yolk index, albumen diameter, albumen index and Haugh unit. The light brown line resulted in the best quality. All internal egg quality characters and egg length were differed significantly between fresh and storage eggs. The fresh eggs resulted in better quality than stored eggs. Phenotypic correlation appeared that there were significant correlation coefficients between some egg quality characteristics in dark brown line more than light brown and white lines.

The aim of this study is to verify the conditions under which a series of visual stimuli (line segments) will be subjectively perceived as visual lines or surfaces employing four experiments. Two experiments were conducted with the method of subjective evaluation of the line segments, and the other two with the Osgood semantic differential. We analysed five variables (thickness, type, orientation, and colour) potentially responsible for the lines’ categorisation. The four experiments gave similar results: higher importance of the variables thickness and type; general lower significance of the variable colour; and general insignificance of the variable orientation. Interestingly, for the variable type, straight lines are evaluated as surfaces more frequently than curved lines and perceived as geometrical, flat, hard, static, rough, sharp, bound, sour, frigid, masculine, cold and passive. Curved lines are prevalently evaluated as lines, and categorised as organic, rounded, soft, dynamic, fluffy, blunt, free, sweet, sensual, feminine, warm and active. These results highlight the specificity of perceptual characteristics for the considered variables and confirm the relevance of the characteristics of variables such as thickness and type.

IF 5.992; International audience; The inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a promising strategy to increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. However, Hsp90 inhibition induces the expression of Hsp70 which is a prominent cytoprotective protein. Therefore, dual targeting of Hsp70 and Hsp90 might be beneficial to increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Hsp70 inhibiting peptide aptamers have been shown to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to apoptosis induced by different anticancer drugs. Herein, we studied the radiosensitizing activity of the Hsp70 inhibiting peptide aptamer A17 in combination with the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922. Whereas A17 significantly increased apoptosis induction by NVP-AUY922 it did not significantly affect the radiosensitivity of human lung and breast cancer cells. However, Hsp70 inhibition by the aptamer A17 potentiated the radiosensitizing effects of the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922. Mechanistically we speculate that an increased number of DNA double strand breaks and an enhanced G(2)/M arrest might be responsible for the increased radiosensitization in A17 expressing tumor cells. Therefore, the simultaneous inhibition of Hsp90 and Hsp70 combined with radiotherapy might provide a promising anti-cancer strategy. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Results of estimation of general and specific combining ability of male and female parental tomato forms were given for complex of traits. The estimation was carried out according to incomplete diallel crosses 15x15. Such varities as ‘Trapeza’, Rosovaya kapelka’, ‘Seniorita’, ‘Ocharovanie’, ‘Tigris’ ‘Vishnya Zheltaya’ (Gavrish), ‘Denezhnoye Derevo’ (national breeding), and lines: ‘46/06’, ‘49/09’, ‘295/09’, ‘336/11’, ‘354/11’, ‘357/11’, ‘388/09’ (nor), ‘498’ (selection of TARI) were used as intial breeding accessions, differing in bush type (determinate and indeterminate), duration of vegetative phase (ultraearly, early, medium early, middle-ripening), fruit shape (rounded, oval), fruit color (red, pink, black, orange, tiger and with the gene nor), fruit weight (10 g. and more), brush structure (dense, friable). As a results, ‘Trapeza’, ‘Vishnya Zheltaya’, ‘Ocharovaniye’, ‘Seniorita’, and lines: ‘295/10’, ‘49/09’, ‘498’, ‘357/11’, ‘354/11’, ‘388/09’ (nor) were selected and recommended to be used in breeding program for development of heterotic hybrids with high fruit setting and generative bush type. The promising hybrids F 1 with high constants of specific combining ability for a complex of economically valuable traits have been observed. Because of different lines and accessions were used in crossings, these hybrids varied in internode length of cluster type, classical or shorten; rounded or oval fruit shape; fruit color, red (F 1 combinations ‘354/11’ х ‘Seniorita’, ‘Trapeza’ х ‘L.49/09’, L. ‘49/09’ х L.354/11), pink (F 1 combination ‘Rosovaya Kapelka’ х ‘L.354/11’), yellow (F 1 combination ‘Ocharovaniye’ х ‘Vishiya Zheltaya’), deep brown (F 1 combination ‘L.357/11’ х ‘L.354/11’).

Recent progress has enabled the conversion of primed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to the naive state of pluripotency, resembling the well-characterized naive mouse ESCs (mESCs). However, a thorough histone epigenetic characterization of this conversion process is currently lacking, while its likeness to the mouse model has not been clearly established. Here, we profile the histone epigenome of hESCs during conversion in a time-resolved experimental design, using an untargeted mass spectrometry-based approach. In total, 23 histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) changed significantly over time. H3K27Me3 was the most prominently increasing marker hPTM in naive hESCs. This is in line with previous reports in mouse, prompting us to compare all the shared hPTM fold changes between mouse and human, revealing a set of conserved hPTM markers for the naive state. Principally, we present the first roadmap of the changing human histone epigenome during the conversion of hESCs from the primed to the naive state. This further revealed similarities with mouse, which hint at a conserved mammalian epigenetic signature of the ground state of pluripotency.

Tumor-associated cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) are found to play some important roles at different stages of tumor progression; they are involved in the transformation of normal cells and contribute to tumor migration and invasion. DNase I is considered a promising cancer cure, due to its ability to degrade cfDNAs. Previous studies using murine tumor models have proved the high anti-metastatic potential of DNase I. Later circulating cfDNAs, especially tandem repeats associated with short-interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and long-interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), have been found to be the enzyme's main molecular targets. Here, using Lewis lung carcinoma, melanoma B16, and lymphosarcoma RLS40 murine tumor models, we reveal that tumor progression is accompanied by an increase in the level of SINE and LINEs in the pool of circulating cfDNAs. Treatment with DNase I decreased in the number and area of metastases by factor 3-10, and the size of the primary tumor node by factor 1.5-2, which correlated with 5- to 10-fold decreasing SINEs and LINEs. We demonstrated that SINEs and LINEs from cfDNA of tumor-bearing mice are able to penetrate human cells. The results show that SINEs and LINEs could be important players in metastasis, and this allows them to be considered as attractive new targets for anticancer therapy.

Цель исследования – расчет племенной ценности быков-производителей, оценка линий и их сочетаемости способом «разница надоя дочерей», разработанным сотрудниками Северо-Западного научно-исследовательского института молочного и лугопастбищного хозяйства. Работу проводили на стаде из 1097 голов крупного рогатого скота айрширской породы племзавода «Майский» Вологодской области по данным племенного и зоотехнического учета на 01.01.2017. Материалом служили сведения о происхождении и надое 493 коров. Для сравнения использовали результаты оценки быков-производителей по качеству потомства за 2012–2017 гг. методом «дочери-сверстницы». Оценку племенной ценности быков-производителей, линий и их сочетаемости проводили способом «разницы надоя дочерей» в целом по стаду за последнюю законченную лактацию, так как численность поголовья коров по первой лактации не позволяла провести достоверную оценку этим методом. Этим способом можно проводить корректировку данных по любым систематическим средовым факторам – хозяйство, отделение хозяйства, возраст коров в лактациях и др. Данные обрабатывали методом однофакторного дисперсионного анализа в программе Microsoft Excel. Выявлены лучшие линии: Дика 768 – +333 кг молока, Командора 174233 – +327 кг, Урхо Ерранта 13093 – +265 кг молока, лучшие быки-производители: Хялю 233, Кентавр 522, Зингер 418 , Компас 10217 (+932; +894; +529; +427 кг молока соответственно). На основе сравнения оценки быков-производителей методом «разница надоя дочерей» с результатами официальной оценки установлено соответствие животных с высоким рейтингом (от 1 до 9). По результатам оценки рекомендуется проводить плановое закрепление быков-производителей за маточным поголовьем для получения достоверного улучшающего эффекта в следующем поколении., The aim of the study was to calculate the breeding value of stud bulls, to assess the lines and their compatibility by the method “difference in milk yield of daughters”, developed by scientists of the Northwest Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming. The work was carried out with a herd of 1097 heads of Ayrshire cattle in stud farm “Majsky”, Vologda region, according to the data of breeding and zootechnical accounting on 01.01.2017. The information on the origin and yield of 493 cows was the material for the study. For comparison, we used the results of the evaluation of stud bulls on the quality of offspring for 2012–2017 by the method of “daughters-contemporaries”. The evaluation of the breeding value of stud bulls, lines and their compatibility was carried out by the method of “difference of milk yield of daughters” in the whole herd for the last finished lactation, as the number of cows in the first lactation did not allow to conduct a reliable assessment by this method. This method allowed to carry out the correction of data on any systematic environmental factors: a farm, a department of a farm, the age of cows in lactations, etc. The data was processed using onefactor analysis of variance in Microsoft Excel. The results of the breeding value of stud bulls and the combination of lines were presented in the form of a graph on the rating of milk yield of daughters, which clearly reflected the difference in the evaluation of genealogical structural units. The best lines were revealed: Dik 768 (+333 kg of milk), Komandora 174233 (+327 kg), Urkho Erranta 13093 (+265 kg); the best stud bulls were Hyalyu 233, Kentavr 522, Zinger 418, Kompas 10217 (+932 kg; +894 kg; +529 kg; +427 kg, respectively). For stud bulls with a high rating (from 1 to 9) the estimation by the method “difference of milk yield of daughters” corresponded to the official evaluation. According to the results of the evaluation, it is recommended to carry out a planned assignment of bulls for breeding livestock to obtain a reliable improving effect in the next generation.

Анализ полученных результатов показал, что предел изменчивости изученных хозяйственно-ценных признаков не имел существенных различий в зависимости от комбинации скрещиваний и поколения гибридов. В зависимости от комбинации скрещиваний 24,3-56,7% растений у гибридов Ғ3 имели массу хлопка-сырца одной коробочки более 4,0 г, выход волокна выше 38,0%, а длину волокна более 40,0 мм. Растения с такими показателями изученных хозяйственно-ценных признаков имеют большую ценность для практической селекции. Отобраны семьи гибридов F3, отличающиеся высокими показателями массы хлопка-сырца одной коробочки, выхода и длины волокна, которые используются в качестве доноров и селекционного материала при создании сортов тонковолокнистого хлопчатника., The analysis of the received results has shown that the limit of variability of agronomic valuable traits had no essential distinctions depending on a combination of crossings and generation of hybrids. Studying the conjugacy of the main of agronomic valuable traits, a raw cotton weight of one boll with of fiber output and fiber length showed that, depending on the combination of crossings 24,356,7 % plants of F3 hybrids had a raw cotton weight of one boll more than 4,0 g with of fiber output more than 38% and a fiber length above 40,0 mm. The families of the F3 hybrids are distinguished by a high a raw cotton weight of one boll, fiber output and fiber length, which are used as donors and a breeding material for creating varieties of long staple cotton.

Более 140 лет назад был изобретен телефон – событие, которое не только ознаменовало начало новой эры в области электросвязи, но и коренным образом изменило жизнь всего человечества. Общепринято считать "отцом телефонии" А. Г. Белла. Однако мало кто знает имена многих ученых, и особенно отечественных, работы которых предшествовали этому изобретению, а также тех, кто довел телефонную технику до совершенства. Русские специалисты совершили немало важных открытий в телефонном деле. Приведенные в статье факты позволяют по-новому взглянуть на историю развития телефонии в России, правильно оценить роль личности и коллектива в техническом прогрессе, соотнести их с историей страны и мирового сообщества., More than 140 years ago, the telephone was invented an event that not only marked the beginning of a new era in telecommunications, but also radically changed the life of all mankind. It is generally accepted to be considered the “father of telephony” by A. G. Bell. However, few people know the names of many scientists, especially domestic, whose work preceded this invention, as well as those who brought telephone technology to perfection. Russian specialists have made many important discoveries in telephony. The facts cited in the article make it possible to take a new look at the history of telephony development in Russia, correctly assess the role of a person and team in technical progress and relate them to the history of the country and the world community.

The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph(IRIS) with its high spatial and temporal resolution brings exceptional plasma diagnostics of solar chromospheric and coronal activity during magnetic reconnection. The aim of this work is to study the fine structure and dynamics of the plasma at a jet base forming a mini flare between two emerging magnetic fluxes (EMFs) observed with IRIS and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) instruments. We proceed to a spatio-temporal analysis of IRIS spectra observed in the spectral ranges of Mg II, C II, and Si IV ions. Doppler velocities from Mg II lines are computed by using a cloud model technique. Strong asymmetric Mg II and C II line profiles with extended blue wings observed at the reconnection site (jet base) are interpreted by the presence of two chromospheric temperature clouds, one explosive cloud with blueshifts at 290 km/s and one cloud with smaller Dopplershift (around 36 km/s). Simultaneously at the same location (jet base), strong emission of several transition region lines (e.g. O IV and Si IV), emission of the Mg II triplet lines of the Balmer-continuum and absorption of identified chromospheric lines in Si IV broad profiles have been observed and analysed. Such observations of IRIS line and continuum emissions allow us to propose a stratification model for the white-light mini flare atmosphere with multiple layers of different temperatures along the line of sight, in a reconnection current sheet. It is the first time that we could quantify the fast speed (possibly Alfv\'enic flows) of cool clouds ejected perpendicularly to the jet direction by using the cloud model technique. We conjecture that the ejected clouds come from plasma which was trapped between the two EMFs before reconnection or be caused by chromospheric-temperature (cool) upflow material like in a surge, during reconnection, Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Summary Reports on the retention of somatic cell memory in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have complicated the selection of the optimal cell type for the generation of iPSC biobanks. To address this issue we compared transcriptomic, epigenetic, and differentiation propensities of genetically matched human iPSCs derived from fibroblasts and blood, two tissues of the most practical relevance for biobanking. Our results show that iPSC lines derived from the same donor are highly similar to each other. However, genetic variation imparts a donor-specific expression and methylation profile in reprogrammed cells that leads to variable functional capacities of iPSC lines. Our results suggest that integration-free, bona fide iPSC lines from fibroblasts and blood can be combined in repositories to form biobanks. Due to the impact of genetic variation on iPSC differentiation, biobanks should contain cells from large numbers of donors., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Isogenic iPSC from fibroblasts and blood have similar differentiation propensities • Donor-dependent variability affects molecular and differentiation propensities of iPSCs • Impact of donor variability exceeds source-cell-specific differences in iPSC lines • Bona fide iPSC lines from different tissues can be combined in the repositories, Trokovic and colleagues include epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional analyses in the same study, and show that the individual donor-dependent differences largely determine variability between iPSC lines. They show that fibroblast- and blood-derived iPSCs from a given donor are highly similar for their differentiation propensities while differences are most dramatic across donors. Thus bona fide iPSC lines from different tissues can be combined in biobanks.

The amount of cold, molecular gas in high-redshift galaxies is typically inferred from proxies of molecular hydrogen (H$_2$), such as carbon monoxide (CO) or neutral atomic carbon ([CI]) and molecular gas mass conversion factors. The use of these proxies, however, relies on modeling and observations that have not been directly measured outside the local universe. Here, we use recent samples of high-redshift gamma-ray burst (GRB) and quasar molecular gas absorbers to determine this conversion factor $\alpha_{\rm [CI]}$ from the column density of H$_2$, which gives us the mass per unit column, and the [CI]($J=1$) column density, which provides the luminosity per unit column. This technique allows us to make direct measurements of the relative abundances in high-redshift absorption-selected galaxies. Our sample spans redshifts of z=1.9-3.4 and covers two orders of magnitude in gas-phase metallicity. We find that $\alpha_{\rm [CI]}$ scales linearly with the metallicity: $\log \alpha_{\rm [CI]} = -1.13\times \log(Z/Z_{\odot}) + 1.33$, with a scatter of $\sigma_{\alpha_{\rm [CI]}} = 0.2$ dex. Using a sample of emission-selected galaxies at z~0-5, with both [CI] and CO line detections, we apply the $\alpha_{\rm [CI]}$ conversion to derive independent estimates of the molecular gas mass and $\alpha_{\rm CO}$. We find a remarkable agreement between the molecular gas masses inferred from the absorption-derived $\alpha_{\rm [CI]}$ compared to typical $\alpha_{\rm CO}$-based estimates, and an inferred metallicity evolution of $\alpha_{\rm CO}$ that is consistent with $\alpha_{\rm [CI]}$ and previous estimates from the literature. These results thus support the use of the absorption-derived $\alpha_{\rm [CI]}$ conversion factor for emission-selected star-forming galaxies and demonstrate that both methods probe the same universal properties of molecular gas in the local and high-redshift universe., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Abstract abridged. Accepted for publication in ApJL

Ao modo introdução, este artigo desdobra um aspecto do método cartográfico proposto por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Trata-se da teoria das linhas, uma quase teoria que se faz no arranjo de conceitos extraídos da obra desses dois filósofos e que orienta uma pesquisa e/ou uma metodologia cartográfica pelo viés da filosofia da diferença. A cartografia, nesse sentido, tem se mostrado uma metodologia bastante recorrente nas pesquisas referentes ao campo da educação e das demais ciências humanas e da saúde, motivo pelo qual se empreende o estudo neste ensaio. As linhas — duras, flexíveis e de fuga — operam em coexistência, agindo no território a ser cartografado (e no próprio pesquisador). Cada linha tem sua funcionalidade e seus riscos, devendo o cartógrafo mapeá-las e trabalhar a favor da liberação da vida onde ela parece estar mais aprisionada. In a manner of introduction, this article unfolds an aspect of the cartographic method proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. It is the theory of lines, an almost-theory that is made in the arrangement of concepts that are extracted from the work of these two philosophers and guide a research and / or a cartographic methodology in a philosophy of difference way. The lines — hard, flexible and of flight — operate in coexistence, acting in the territory to be mapped (as in the researcher himself). Each line has its functionality and its risks, and the cartographer must map them working for life's liberation exactly where it seems to be more imprisoned. Como una introducción, este artículo despliega un aspecto del método cartográfico propuesto por Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari que corresponde a la teoría de las líneas. Esa que es una casi teoría hecha con el montaje de los conceptos extraídos de la obra de los dos filósofos, en la cual orientan una investigación y/o metodología cartográfica a través de la filosofía de la diferencia. En este sentido, la cartografía se muestra una metodología bastante recurrente en las investigaciones referentes al campo de la educación y las demás ciencias humanas y de salud, motivo por lo cual se emprende el estudio en este ensayo.Las líneas – de solidez, de segmentaridad y de vuelo – trabajan en coexistencia, actuando en el territorio a ser cartografiado (y en el propio investigador). Cada línea tiene su funcionalidad y sus riesgos, así que debe el cartógrafo mapearlas y trabajar en favor de la liberación de la vida que allí parezca estar encarcelada. Palabras clave: Cartografía. Líneas. Investigación