Search

Introduction: Generally, interspinal distractor fixation devices are used for severe low back pain associated with neurogenic claudication, and radiculopathy with central or lateral recess stenosis and/or foraminal narrowing. In this paper, the authors result in cases of severe low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy in whom this device was used with excellent results. Method: This is a retrospective study. Patients were contacted via phone call and their pain score and other data were recorded at different timelines. The final data presented in this paper are the data collected at the final follow-up that ranges from 14 months to 24 months. Surgeries were performed in the outpatient setting and although no identifiable patient information is included in this paper, yet, patients were asked for their verbal consent. The patient data are only included if verbal consent was obtained. Results: Over the past 24 months, 13 patients with disc protrusion and/or central and/or foraminal spinal stenosis were treated with this procedure. Follow-up ranges from 14 months to 24 months with a median of 19 months, male/female ratio of 6/7, and a median age of 68 years. There were no complications or reoperation. Statistical analysis showed significant improvement in the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for back and radicular leg pain (p-value = 0.000552 for back pain and p-value = 0.000291 for radicular leg pain). Conclusion: The system reported in this paper is a solid fixation system that works both as a distractor and internal decompressor of the spinal canal. It is simple to use and safe. Though the number of patients is small, statistically significant improvement was reported at a median follow-up of 19 months.

Latency is one of the key parameters of Internet services. However, it is difficult to correctly assess a service by its latency. Many latency measurements are blocked en route by routers and firewalls. For this reason, the service latency is not fully known. This work proposes a method to assess Internet services including the blocked latency measurements. Survival theory is applied to process latency values. The results show that the omission of blocked latencies from statistical processing severely underestimates the service latency. Two Internet service providers were compared as an example. Their latency difference was 9 ms using the traditional approach. The survival latency resulted in a difference of 17 ms. The method of survival latency can be used to increase revenues in e-commerce and to improve the experience of online gaming.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a deadly illness caused by Leishmania donovani that provokes liver and spleen inflammation and tissue destruction. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, the protein of L. major, named inhibitor of serine peptidases (ISP) 2, inactivates neutrophil elastase (NE) present at the macrophage surface, resulting in blockade of TLR4 activation, prevention of TNF-α and IFN-β production, and parasite survival. We report poor intracellular growth of L. donovani in macrophages from knockout mice for NE (ela−/−), TLR4, or TLR2. NE and TLR4 colocalized with the parasite in the parasitophorous vacuole. Parasite load in the liver and spleen of ela−/− mice were reduced and accompanied by increased NO and decreased TGF-β production. Expression of ISP2 was not detected in L. donovani, and a transgenic line constitutively expressing ISP2, displayed poor intracellular growth in macrophages and decreased burden in mice. Infected ela−/− macrophages displayed significantly lower IFN-β mRNA than background mice macrophages, and the intracellular growth was fully restored by exogenous IFN-β. We propose that L. donovani utilizes the host NE-TLR machinery to induce IFN-β necessary for parasite survival and growth during early infection. Low or absent expression of parasite ISP2 in L. donovani is necessary to preserve the activation of the NE-TLR pathway.—Dias, B. T., Dias-Teixeira, K. L., Godinho, J. P., Faria, M. S., Calegari-Silva, T., Mukhtar, M. M., Lopes, U. G., Mottram, J. C., Lima, A. P. C. A. Neutrophil elastase promotes Leishmania donovani infection via interferon-β.

Internet development in Indonesia is not always results in positive effect to the Indonesian people, especially to the learners. By the effect comes from internet application, then, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology conducts blocking activity to the sites suspected to change people’s mind. Based on Database of Trust Positive, between 2014-2017, type of pornography content has the first place than other contents. The increase of access towards pornography content in Indonesia supported by the availability of reachable internet access. One of contents provides pornography content said that in 2017, the largest user accesses their platform comes from mobile device. It is supported by the price of internet package for mobile device in Indonesia is one of the cheapest than other Southeast Asia countries. Therefore, the government, since 2002 till present, continually conducts blocking activity towards negative sites together with ISP in Indonesia. The ISP (Internet Service Provider) must obey the government by conducting blocking activity towards negative sites through DNS Nawala or other filtering program. The aim of this paper is to analyze pornography access through many types of provider and the differences from each provider in conducting sensor towards sites with pornography content.

A systematic literature review was conducted on studies comparing interspinous process (ISP) devices to traditional methods of posterior spinal instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct), in terms of indications of use, complications, pain assessment, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, reoperation rates, and return to work. The objective was to analyze, evaluate and summarize the current published literature on the proposed efficacy and clinical and surgical long-term outcomes of the ISP device in comparison to the traditional posterior spinal instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct). The ISP device is a minimally invasive and less disruptive alternative to traditional methods of posterior spinal instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct). However, very few published literature studies to date have reported the comparison of ISPs in terms of efficacy and clinical and surgical outcomes, to traditional posterior spinal instrumentation. A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar to evaluate the results of published research that meet the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and to analyze clinical indications and surgical outcomes of the ISP device compared to traditional methods of posterior spinal instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct). Inclusion criteria included keywords such as “ISP device, ISP, posterior spinal instrumentation, pedicle screw fixation, bilateral pedicle screws, interbody fusion with posterior spinal instrumentation, lumbar spinal stenosis, and posterior lumbar stability.” No exclusion criteria keywords were included in this literature review. ISPs provide a high degree of spinal stability in multiple planes, including a decreased range of motion restriction in flexion-extension, and comparable results to bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) in axial rotation. The use of the ISP device in adjunct with an interbody fusion, ensures less estimated operative blood loss (EBL), shorter operative time, less bony exposure without the need for extensive soft tissue or muscle retraction, a decrease in the rate of pseudoarthrosis, and a shorter length of hospital stay (LOHS) when compared to the traditional posterior instrumentation (pedicle screw-rod construct). Based on the various published literature reviews noted throughout this research paper, it is safe to conclude, that an ISP device that is accompanied by interbody fusion, including posterior approaches posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF); anterior approaches such as anterior interbody fusion (ALIF), and lateral approaches including direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF), is considered a credible and an effective minimally invasive option for the treatment of mild to moderate lumbar stenosis and stable low-grade spondylolisthesis (less than two) when compared to the traditional posterior spinal instrumentation of a pedicle screw-rod construct. Surgeons that are relatively new to the ISP technologies for spinal instrumentation would likely benefit from more clinical and surgical evidence of safety and efficacy in published peer-reviewed medical literature. Further clinical trials are needed to manifest the efficacy of ISPs regarding postoperative outcomes when compared to traditional posterior instrumentation techniques (pedicle screw-rod construct) with adjunct interbody fusions.

Internet Service Providers technical support needs personal data to predict potential anomalies. In this paper, we performed a comparative study of forecasting performance using raw data and anonymized data, in order to assess how much performance may vary, when plain personal data are replaced by anonymized personal data.

In lately published video coding standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC/ H.266), the intra sub-partitions (ISP) coding mode is proposed. It is efficient for frames with rich texture, but less efficient for frames that are very flat or constant. In this paper, by comparing and analyzing the rate distortion cost (RD-cost) of coding unit (CU) with different texture features for using and not using ISP(No-ISP) coding mode, it is found that CUs with simple texture can get better coding performance in No-ISP coding mode. Based on this observations, a fast ISP coding mode optimization algorithm based on CU texture complexity is proposed, which aims to determine whether CU needs to use ISP coding mode in advance by calculating CU texture complexity, so as to reduce the computation complexity of ISP. The experimental results show that under All Intra (AI) configuration, the coding time can be reduced by 7%, while the BD-rate only increase by 0.09%.

© 2020 IEEE. Accurate costing provides insightful information to any Internet Service Provider (ISP) for better network planning, profits, and decision making. Developing accurate cost models for communication network services has always been a challenge for ISPs / cloud operators due to the complex nature of today's advanced shared cloud and network infrastructure. Currently, developing and maintaining such cost models require significant effort and time by the network planners in an ISP. The proposed novel methodology reduces the cycle time for the development of the cost model significantly, which leads to the ISP's operational cost savings. We have considered an Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network (IPVPN) service for the study. IPVPN creates a logical virtual network by providing an encrypted and dedicated data connection. We conducted simulations to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model. We have compared our proposed method with the existing approach and compute the performance improvement cost gap for different network sizes. To prove the operational savings, we evaluated a quantitative example concerning both methods investigated. We also experimented with a machine learning technique for the study, which provided complementary results.

Simple Summary LmPrx6 of the insulin signaling pathway is significantly associated with diapause induction in Locusta migratoria L. as per our pervious transcriptome data. In the current study, we first cloned and sequenced the gene and demonstrated its similarity to other Prxs using phylogenetic analyses. Later on, we knocked down Prx6 using RNAi and showed that phosphorylation of proteins associated with the insulin signaling pathway and responses to oxidative stress were altered. Knockdown of Prx6 also resulted in a reduced ability to enter diapause, and hence, we are of the opinion that this gene could serve as an effective target for RNAi-based control of L. migratoria L. The study has provided some helpful insights into the diversified roles of Prx6 in locusts and will be of interest to other insect pests for examining the relatively unexplored group of proteins as well. Abstract Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), are cysteine-dependent peroxide reductases that group into six structurally discernable classes: AhpC-Prx1, BCP-PrxQ, Prx5, Prx6, Tpx, and AhpE. A previous study showed that forkhead box protein O (FOXO) in the insulin signaling pathway (ISP) plays a vital role in regulating locust diapause by phosphorylation, which can be promoted by the high level of ROS. Furthermore, the analysis of transcriptome between diapause and non-diapause phenotypes showed that one of the Prxs, LmPrx6, which belongs to the Prx6 class, was involved. We presumed that LmPrx6 might play a critical role in diapause induction of Locusta migratoria and LmPrx6 may therefore provide a useful target of control methods based on RNA interference (RNAi). To verify our hypothesis, LmPrx6 was initially cloned from L. migratoria to make dsLmPrx6 and four important targets were tested, including protein-tyrosine phosphorylase 1B (LmPTP1B), insulin receptor (LmIR), RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (LmAKT), and LmFOXO in ISP. When LmPrx6 was knocked down, the diapause rate was significantly reduced. The phosphorylation level of LmPTP1B significantly decreased while the phosphorylation levels of LmIR, LmAKT, and LmFOXO were significantly increased. Moreover, we identified the effect on two categories of genes downstream of LmFOXO, including stress tolerance and storage of energy reserves. Results showed that the mRNA levels of catalase and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), which enhanced stress tolerance, were significantly downregulated after silencing of LmPrx6. The mRNA levels of glycogen synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) that influence energy storage were also downregulated after knocking down of LmPrx6. The silencing of LmPrx6 indicates that this regulatory protein may probably be an ideal target for RNAi-based diapause control of L. migratoria.

El siguiente proyecto, como trabajo de fin de grado pretende unificar y asentar la mayor parte de los conocimientos adquiridos todos estos años cursando el Grado de Ingeniería Informática. Dentro del ámbito de las redes abiertas, consiste en la implementación de un sistema Carrier-Grade NAT como paso previo a una futura transición a IPv6 que podrá aplicarse en redes multioperador como Guifi.Net. En este documento estudiamos los conceptos y teorías indispensables para diseñar y dimensionar de forma correcta el despliegue de los dispositivos necesarios para implementar esta tecnología, y que extiende enormemente la vida y uso de IPv4 dentro de los proveedores servicio. Para la realización y validación de los conceptos expuestos, se ha construido un laboratorio que, en su escala, permite comprobar que las tecnologías descritas en este documento funcionan como se pretende y pueden ofrecer un servicio confiable, de forma que la adopción de CG-NAT solamente suponga una mejora en la calidad del servicio ofrecido por esos operadores. This memory, as an end-of-degree project, aims to unify and settle most of the knowledge acquired all this years studying the Computer Engineering Degree. Within the scope of open networks, it consists on the implementation of a Carrier-Grade NAT solution, prior to a future transition to IPv6 that can be applied in multi-operator networks such as Guifi.Net. In this document we study the essential technologies and foundational concepts to correctly design and size the deployment of the necessary devices to implement this technology, which greatly extends the life and use of IPv4 within service providers. In order to test and validate the exposed concepts, a virtual test-bed has been built from scratch, that allows verifying how the described technologies shown in this document work as intended and can offer a reliable service in such a way that the CGNAT adoption will only entail an improvement in the quality of service offered by these operators. El següent projecte, com a treball de fi de grau pretén unificar i assentar la major part dels coneixements adquirits tots aquests anys cursant el Grau d'Enginyeria Informàtica. Dins de l'àmbit de les xarxes obertes, consisteix en la implementació d'un sistema Carrier-Grade NAT com a pas previ a una futura transició a IPv6 que podrà aplicar-se en xarxes multioperador com Guifi.net. En aquest document estudiem els conceptes i teories indispensables per a dissenyar i dimensionar de manera correcta el desplegament dels dispositius necessaris per a implementar aquesta tecnologia, i que estén enormement la vida i ús de IPv4 dins dels proveïdors servei. Per a la realització i validació dels conceptes exposats, s'ha construït un laboratori que, en la seva escala, permet comprovar que les tecnologies descrites en aquest document funcionen com es pretén i poden oferir un servei de confiança, de manera que l'adopció de CG-NAT solament suposi una millora en la qualitat del servei ofert per aquests operadors.

El objetivo general del trabajo es investigar y describir la situación sociolaboral y formativa de los intérpretes hospitalarios de Mallorca. Los objetivos específicos enfocan en sus funciones, modelos laborales, perfil formativo y lenguas de trabajo. Será la base para crear una red socio-profesional de esos intérpretes en la isla. El trabajo se desarrolla en dos ejes paralelos: el de la investigación documental y el estudio de campo. El primero sitúa la interpretación hospitalaria en el marco legal y el contexto de la Interpretación en los Servicios Públicos (ISP) en España, muestra la realidad demográfica y presenta los hospitales públicos y privados. El segundo eje, mediante encuestas en línea, recopila los datos de los intérpretes y de sus responsables de servicio. Se ha usado una metodología mixta: de investigación documental, para la revisión bibliográfica y recopilación de los datos públicos; y de trabajo de campo, en forma de las dos encuestas. La crisis sanitaria del COVID-19 dificultó el estudio de campo, por lo que los resultados son orientativos. Apuntan a una creciente demanda de servicios de interpretación en el ámbito hospitalario y a la necesidad de desarrollar y consolidar la profesión. Hospital interpreting in Majorca. Working and training conditions. In this paper we seek to describe the work and training of hospital interpreters in Majorca. We focus on their tasks, employment models, training profile and work languages. Our study could serve as the basis for setting up a professional network of interpreters on the island. There are two strands to this project: documentary research and a field study. First, we have contextualised hospital interpreting in its legal framework as a kind of Public Service Interpreting (PSI), with details of demographics and public and private hospitals. Secondly, by means of two online surveys, we have collected data from interpreters and their line managers. We used a methodology combining documentary research, for a bibliographic review and collection of public data, and a field study, consisting of two surveys. Research was hampered by the Covid-19 epidemic. Provisional results point to an increasing demand for interpreting services in healthcare and the need for professional development and consolidation. L'objectiu general del treball és investigar i descriure la situació sociolaboral i formativa dels intèrprets hospitalaris de Mallorca. Els objectius específics enfoquen en les seves funcions, models laborals, perfil formatiu i llengües de treball. Serà la base per a crear una xarxa soci-professional d'aquests intèrprets a l'illa. El treball es desenvolupa en dos eixos paral·lels: el de la recerca documental i l'estudi de camp. El primer situa la interpretació hospitalària en el marc legal i el context de la Interpretació en els Serveis Públics (ISP) a Espanya, mostra la realitat demogràfica i presenta els hospitals públics i privats. El segon eix, mitjançant enquestes en línia, recopila les dades dels intèrprets i dels seus responsables de servei. S'ha usat una metodologia mixta: de recerca documental, per a la revisió bibliogràfica i recopilació de les dades públiques; i de treball de camp, en forma de les dues enquestes. La crisi sanitària del COVID-19 va dificultar l'estudi de camp, per la qual cosa els resultats són orientatius. Apunten a una creixent demanda de serveis d'interpretació en l'àmbit hospitalari i a la necessitat de desenvolupar i consolidar la professió.

Actualmente, la interpretación en los servicios públicos está en auge y su importancia es cada vez mayor debido a las sociedades multiculturales en las que vivimos, surgidas como consecuencia de la desigualdad entre los países del mundo que obliga a muchas personas que viven en países en desarrollo a abandonar los lugares donde han crecido en busca de una vida mejor. Estas personas tienen derecho a utilizar los servicios ofrecidos por las instituciones de los países en los que ahora residen, independientemente de su lengua, por lo que la figura del intérprete en los servicios públicos es imprescindible para crear puentes de comunicación lingüística y cultural entre ambas partes. Uno de los servicios esenciales para el desarrollo de la vida de estas personas es la sanidad, y por lo tanto la figura del intérprete sanitario es imprescindible. Dentro del estudio de la ISP médica, cada vez se desarrollan investigaciones más específicas centradas en los diferentes ámbitos de la medicina. Uno de los campos en los que la labor del intérprete sanitario resulta más necesaria es el de la salud mental. Esto se debe a que las personas migrantes, refugiadas o solicitantes de asilo suelen haber experimentado situaciones traumáticas y dolorosas en sus países de origen, durante su viaje o tras la llegada a los países de acogida. Por lo tanto, estas personas tienen un alto riesgo de sufrir problemas relacionados con la salud mental. Dado el papel imprescindible del intérprete sanitario y de la investigación en ISP en la mejora de la salud mental y la calidad de vida de estas personas, hemos decidido realizar una revisión sistemática de literatura para identificar y resumir la bibliografía existente disponible sobre la labor del intérprete sanitario en la atención a pacientes extranjeros en salud mental, identificar las características de la labor del intérprete en este ámbito y proporcionar un marco de referencia para futuras investigaciones. Para ello hemos diseñado un método de búsqueda y selección preestablecido, sistematizado, explícito y repetible. Tras recopilar los estudios que coincidan con nuestros criterios de inclusión y exclusión, los sintetizaremos y analizaremos sus resultados a través de las diferentes temáticas extraídas de estos, Nowadays, public service interpreting is receiving more and more recognition due to the fact that we live in multicultural societies. These societies have developed as a consequence of global inequality, which forces people living in developing countries to abandon the places where they have grown up to find better opportunities in other countries, which explains the growing importance of the field of public service interpreting. These people who leave their homelands in search for a better life are entitled to the use of public services offered by the institutions of the countries where they reside and language barriers should not stop them from doing so. Therefore, public service interpreters play a pivotal role in ensuring they get access to the institutions, bridging cultural and linguistic gaps between the parts. One of the most important services individuals who do not speak the dominant language need to get access to is healthcare, so healthcare interpreters are essential. Research concerning medical interpreting is increasing, as there is a growing tendency among researchers to conduct studies which focus on the different fields of medicine. One of the fields where the work of the healthcare interpreter seems to be more necessary is mental health. Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are likely to have experienced traumatic and painful situations in their home countries, during their journey or once established in the host country. For this reason, they are at great risk of suffering from mental health issues. Given the essential role of the healthcare interpreter and the research on PSI in improving both the quality of life and mental health condition of these individuals, we have decided to conduct a systematic literature review in order to identify and synthesize the available existing literature on the role of interpreters working in mental health contexts, identify the characteristics of the job of the interpreter in this setting and provide a frame of reference for future studies. For this purpose, we have designed a systematic, pre-established, explicit and repeatable method to find and select those studies that best fit our exclusion and inclusion criteria. Then, we will synthesize and analyze their results concerning the different themes identified in them, Máster Universitario en Comunicación Intercultural, Interpretación y Traducción en los Servicios Públicos. Especialidad en Inglés-Español (M045)

Booter services continue to provide popular DDoS-as-a-service platforms and enable anyone irrespective of their technical ability, to execute DDoS attacks with devastating impact. Since booters are a serious threat to Internet operations and can cause significant financial and reputational damage, they also draw the attention of law enforcement agencies and related counter activities. In this paper, we investigate booter-based DDoS attacks in the wild and the impact of an FBI takedown targeting 15 booter websites in December 2018 from the perspective of a major IXP and two ISPs. We study and compare attack properties of multiple booter services by launching Gbps-level attacks against our own infrastructure. To understand spatial and temporal trends of the DDoS traffic originating from booters we scrutinize 5 months, worth of inter-domain traffic. We observe that the takedown only leads to a temporary reduction in attack traffic. Additionally, one booter was found to quickly continue operation by using a new domain for its website.

Background Motor recovery following a multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse depends on mechanisms of tissue repair but also on the capacity of the central nervous system for compensating of permanent damage. Objectives We aimed to investigate changes in corticospinal plasticity and interhemispheric connections after a relapse of MS using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Methods Twenty healthy and 13 relapsing–remitting MS subjects with a first motor relapse were included. TMS mapping and ipsilateral silent period (iSP) were performed after relapse and at 6-month follow-up. Results Strength and dexterity of the paretic hand were impaired at baseline and improved over time. After relapse, mapamplitude and mapdensity were decreased for the ipsilesional-corticospinal tract (IL-CST) while expanded for the contralesional-CST (CL-CST). At follow-up, map parameters normalized for the CL-CST independently from recovery while the increase of outputs from the IL-CST was associated with straight and dexterity improvement. iSP measurements were impaired in MS irrespective of the phase of the disease. Prolonged iSPduration at baseline was associated with less dexterity recovery. Conclusions After a motor relapse, TMS mapping shows acute changes in corticospinal excitability and rearrangements of motor outputs. iSP is less influenced by the phase of disease but may better predict recovery, possibly reflecting the integrity of interhemispheric motor networks.

Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas jaringan bagi penyedia Internet Service Provider (ISP),turunnya nilai throughput dan menaikkan nilai delay , banyaknya ISP, besarnya delay jaringan, banyaknya bangunan/pemukiman tempat mengakses layanan internet dapat menyebabkan adanya paket data yang hilang (packet loss ) pada saat pentransmisian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis spasial jaringan internet dan penyedia Internet Service Provider (ISP) dengan data spasial; Titik lokasi pengukuran, Waktu pengukuran, Besar nilai paket data, dan Operator seluler (ISP) dengan sampel objek pada Kecamatan Sungai Pinang, Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur. Metode penelitian menggunakan Analisis Spasial Exploratory dan analisis Spasial Confirmatory. Metode pengumpulan data dengan studi lapangan pengukuran langsung dan studi literatur dengan mengacu standard TIPHON (Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks). Hasil analisis data pengukuran bahwa besarnya nilai jitter, delay, throughput pada provider yang ada di objek penelitian masih sangat tinggi. Indeks pengukuran berdasarkan standar dari TIPHON terhadap parameter-parameter QoS, bahwa kualitas pelayanan jaringan internet berbasis seluler di Kecamatan Sungai Pinang Kota Samarinda dalam kategori jelek, sedang dan sangat bagus.

International audience; This paper studies a non-neutral network where internet service providers (ISPs) charge content providers (CPs) for content delivery. We investigate the mutual interaction among ISP and CP in two cases: 1) competitive case, where the ISP charge CP for delivering content to end-users; 2) cooperative case, where the two providers (CP, ISP) jointly optimise their strategies, to maximise their aggregate profits. We formulate the interactions between multiple ISPs (multiple CPs) as a non-cooperative game. We utilise bargaining games to analyse how the side payment between CP and ISP is determined. Also, the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium are proven. Based on the best response dynamics method, we propose a distributed iterative algorithm, starting from any initial strategies vector and converge to that Nash equilibrium. Finally, through extensive simulations, it has been verified that cooperation is the best choice for three entities, i.e., ISP, CP, and end-users.

This work reports on the properties of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) grown epitaxially on a patterned silicon substrate composed of squared inverted silicon pyramids (ISP). This compliant substrate prevents stacking faults, usually found at the SiC/Si interface, from reaching the surface. We investigated the effect of the size of the inverted pyramid on the epilayer quality. We noted that anti-phase boundaries (APBs) develop between adjacent faces of the pyramid and that the SiC/Si interfaces have the same polarity on both pyramid faces. The structure of the heterointerface was investigated. Moreover, due to the emergence of APB at the vertex of the pyramid, voids buried on the epilayer form. We demonstrated that careful control of the growth parameters allows modification of the height of the void and the density of APBs, improving SiC epitaxy quality.

Intracellular subtilisin proteases (ISPs) have important roles in protein processing during the stationary phase in bacteria. Their unregulated protein degrading activity may have adverse effects inside a cell, but little is known about their regulatory mechanism. Until now, ISPs have mostly been described from Bacillus species, with structural data from a single homolog. Here, we study a marine ISP originating from a phylogenetically distinct genus, Planococcus sp. The enzyme was successfully overexpressed in E. coli, and is active in presence of calcium, which is thought to have a role in minor, but essential, structural rearrangements needed for catalytic activity. The ISP operates at alkaline pH and at moderate temperatures, and has a corresponding melting temperature around 60 °C. The high‐resolution 3‐dimensional structure reported here, represents an ISP with an intact catalytic triad albeit in a configuration with an inhibitory pro‐peptide bound. The pro‐peptide is removed in other homologs, but the removal of the pro‐peptide from the Planococcus sp. AW02J18 ISP appears to be different, and possibly involves several steps. A first processing step is described here as the removal of 2 immediate N‐terminal residues. Furthermore, the pro‐peptide contains a conserved LIPY/F‐motif, which was found to be involved in inhibition of the catalytic activity.

Прогнозируется отток клиентов на основе данных российского интернет-провайдера. Определены основные этапы и подходы к предварительной обработке текстов комментариев операторов. Предложено использовать для сравнения алгоритмы классификации, такие как логистическая регрессия, метод k-ближайших соседей, градиентный бустинг, наивный байесовский алгоритм. В качестве выборки сформирован массив входных данных из 23 признаков 380 тысяч абонентов. Проведены исправление опечаток с помощью расстояния Дамерау Левенштейна и лемматизация текстовой информации с последующим преобразованием в вектор признаков с помощью метода TF-IDF и добавлением в модель. Определены основные подходы кодирования категориальных признаков. Построены прогнозные модели. Проведено сравнение результатов исследования на разных классификаторах и сделаны выводы., The possibility of forecasting the churn of customers based on the data of the Russian ISP are considered. The basic stages and approaches to the preliminary processing of the texts of operators' comments have been determined. It's offered to use classification algorithms such as the logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors method, the gradient boosting, the naive Bayesian algorithm. As a sample, an array of input data from 23 features of 380 000 subscribers was formed. Typos are correcting with using the Dahmerau Levenshtein distance and lemmatizing of the textual information, and then they are converted into a feature vector using the TF-IDF method and are added to the model. The main approaches of categorical features coding are determined. The forecast models are constructed. Comparison of the results of the study with different classifiers is made and conclusions are drawn.

Piotr Wasilewski - doktor nauk prawnych, Katedra Prawa Wlasności Intelektualnej Wydzialu Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego; adwokat.

The chapter deals with the Italian regulation of ISPs, with particular reference to the secondary liability regime. First, it analyses civil liability as regulated by the Italian Civil Code and then the new regime introduced by Legislative Decree 70/2003 which implements EU Directive 2000/31 on E-Commerce. The chapter focuses on the most critical issues, such as the relevance of actual knowledge and the system of notice and takedown. It offers an overview of the most prominent Italian case law on ISPs secondary liability in order to better examine the complexity and peculiarity of the Italian jurisprudence. Finally, it examines the regulation issued by the Communication Authority in 2013 (in force since March 2014) addressing the protection of copyright. The Authority aimed to establish a regime that balances the fundamental freedoms that should be granted on the Internet with economic rights such as copyright. However, the regulation has been challenged before the Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lazio, mainly for violating freedom of expression, economic freedom and the principle of proportionality, and the Tribunal has referred questions regarding its constitutionality to the Constitutional Court.

Este trabajo busca dar solución a la generación de subproductos procedentes de la industria cárnica investigando la extracción de proteínas funcionales de pulmones bovinos y porcinos, sus propiedades tecnológicas y su aplicación como ingredientes alimentarios. Se ha querido comprobar el efecto de los ultrasonidos (aplicados como baño o como sonda) en el rendimiento de la extracción de proteínas mediante la técnica de solubilización y precipitación isoeléctrica y se han observado ligeros aumentos en el rendimiento de extracción. También se ha escalado el proceso optimizado de 2 L a 40L en planta piloto, manteniendo el rendimiento de extracción esperado. Por último, se ha estudiado las propiedades de las proteínas extraídas, que presentan una gran capacidad emulsionante. Finalmente, se ha realizado una substitución de carne por proteínas extraídas de pulmón en hamburguesas, observando que este cambio no produce grandes diferencias en el producto final.

KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) has been operating an integral effect test facility, the Advanced Thermal–Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation (ATLAS), for transient and accident simulations of advanced Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). Using ATLAS, a high-quality Integral Effect Test (IET) database has been established for the major design basis accidents of the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400MWe) plant. Several standard problem exercises using the ATLAS database were performed to transfer the database to domestic and international nuclear industries and contribute to improving a safety analysis methodology for advanced PWRs. The ATLAS Standard Problem (ASP) exercises, e.g., two domestic standard problem (DSP) exercises and one International Standard Problem (ISP) exercise, aim at an effective utilization of the integral effect database obtained from ATLAS, the establishment of a cooperation framework among domestic and international nuclear industries, a better understanding of the thermal hydraulic phenomena, and an investigation into the possible limitation of the existing best-estimate safety analysis codes. Three kinds of Small Break Loss of Coolant Accidents (SBLOCAs) were determined as target scenarios by considering their technical importance and incorporating interests from participants. An overview of the ASP exercises is described in this paper.

The juice sacs of pummelo fruit is susceptible to softening during storage at 25 &deg, C, which causes quality deterioration and flavor loss during postharvest pummelo storage. This study investigated the changes in metabolisms of antioxidant and cell wall in juice sacs of three pummelo cultivars&mdash, Hongroumiyou (HR), Bairoumiyou (BR) and Huangroumiyou (HuR)&mdash, during postharvest storage. The results revealed that, with the extension of storage, the juice sacs of three pummelo cultivars exhibited a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, a decline in total phenols (TP) content and an increase firstly then a decrease in total ascorbic acid (TAA) content, and a decrease in lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and a rise initially, but a decline in activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Additionally, increased water-soluble pectin (WSP), but declined propectin, ionic-soluble pectin (ISP) and chelator-soluble pectin (CSP), as well as an increase from 0 d to 60 d then followed by a decline in activities of pectinesterase (PE), polygalacturonase (PG) and pectate lyase (PL) were observed. These results suggested that the metabolisms of antioxidant and cell wall could result in softening and senescence of pummelo fruit.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of WSP (wheat sprout powder) and ISP (isolated soy protein) on the quality of breakfast sausage. Treatments were formulated as follows: Control, T1 (2.0% ISP), T2 (1.5% ISP + 0.5% WSP), T3 (1.0% ISP + 1.0% WSP), T4 (0.5% ISP + 1.5% WSP) and T5 (2.0% WSP). The treatments were analyzed for color, pH, cooking loss, emulsion stability, protein solubility, viscosity, texture properties and sensory evaluation. Lightness and redness were reduced and yellowness was increased as increased level of WSP, due to the dark green color of WSP (p

At common law, contributory infringement for copyright infringement requires "knowledge" of the infringing activity by a direct infringer before secondary liability can attach. In the USA, the "safe harbor" provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, that shield Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from secondary copyright liability, are concomitantly available only to ISPs that lack the common law knowledge prerequisites for such liability. But this leads to the question of when a juridical corporate entity can be said to have "knowledge" under the statute. Legal institutions have well-established processes for inferring the knowledge state of natural persons, but corporations are complex sociotechnical networks of human and non-human elements whose information state does not map well onto such inferential methods. This question is of course not unique to copyright liability; corporate entities may be responsible for "knowing" actions under a variety of applicable legal provisions, and the question of corporate knowledge is generally under theorized. But consideration of ISP "knowledge" in this context points the way to consideration of corporate epistemology that must be foundational to determining corporate responsibility in copyright protection. © The Author(s) 2011.

Research in the field of information security economics has clarified how attacker and defender incentives affect cybersecurity. It has also highlighted the role of intermediaries in strengthening cybersecurity. Intermediaries are organizations and firms that provide the Internet’s infrastructure and platforms. This dissertation looks at how intermediary behavior and incentives can be understood from measurements—such as incident data and network logs. The question is answered through a literature review, four empirical studies, and two reflection chapters. The studies researched the role of ISPs in mitigating botnets, the success of anti-botnet initiatives in Conficker cleanup, vulnerabilities in the certificate authority ecosystem, and ISP incentives to deploy deep packet inspection, all using cross-country and longitudinal measurements. The dissertation concludes by reflecting on both the methodology and the broader implications for cybersecurity policy.

This article introduces innovatory changes and background to inspections of WFD for transport category aircraft which have resulted in the amendment 25-132 of limit of validity (LOV), also indicates a proactive approach which should be taken to address WFD before WFD occurs. With regard to the amendment to regulations on WFD issued by FAA, this article analyzes and interprets the actions of the design approval holder(DAH) and the related compliance methods, focusing on the applicability of the new regulations to WFD and on the methodologies and processes for performing aircraft WFD evaluations which include the determination of inspection start points(ISP) and structural modification points(SMP), the establishment of limits of validity (initial limits and extended limits), the establishment and revision of airworthiness limitations and Airworthiness Limitations section(ALS), the compliance for part 121 and 129 operators under new regulations, etc. Then a number of new research directions are presented in this article for domestic civil aircraft structure damage tolerance design and analysis for the present and the future.

The analysis of the interconnection status-quo between content providers and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) is essential to understand the evolution of the Internet ecosystem. In the last years we have witnessed a spectacular increase of Internet traffic, especially multimedia content, which has driven both content providers and operators to rethink their interconnection models. This thesis performs an extensive traffic analysis from two perspectives to understand the rationale behind the Internet players. First, we analyse the traffic from the perspective of the evolution of the Internet protocols. Analyzing the protocols we pretend to observe whether the traffic pattern has changed while new applications have emerged and the demand have exploded. Second, we collect a dataset of Internet traces to evaluate the connectivity between access ISPs and the most popular content providers. Analyzing the Internet traces we want to identify the correlations in the interconnection models that different Internet players use., El análisis de las interconexiones entre proveedores de contenidos y operadores de Internet es esencial para entender la evolución del ecosistema de Internet. En los últimos años hemos sido testigos de un espectacular crecimiento del tráfico multimedia que ha llevado tanto a los proveedores de contenidos como a los operadores a replantearse sus modelos de interconexión. En esta tesis se realiza un análisis del tráfico de Internet des de dos perspectivas. Primero, se analiza el tráfico desde una perspectiva de los protocolos. Gracias al análisis de los protocolos se observa cómo ha cambiado el tráfico debido a la irrupción de nuevas aplicaciones y al incremento de la demanda de Internet. Segundo, se han realizado medidas que nos permite evaluar la conectividad entre diferentes operadores y proveedores de contenidos. El análisis de estos datos nos permite identificar correlaciones entre los diferentes modelos de interconexión que utilizan los operadores.

Central features of today's electronic communications markets are complementarities between the different layers of the value chain, substitutability between some applications, network effects in the provision of content and services, two?sided business models that partly involve indirect revenue generation (such as advertising and data profiling), and a patchwork of regulated and unregulated segments of the market. This complexity requires a fresh look at the market forces shaping the industry and a rethinking of market definitions and of the assessment of market power. This article presents the state of play in European electronic communication markets, with a particular emphasis on the recent development of 'over the tops'. We also use a stylised model of an electronic communications market to draw some central lessons from economic theory and to elaborate on market definition and market power. Today's electronic communications markets are complex.They are characterised by complementarities along the value chain and two-sided platforms at infrastructure and content level.This complexity requires a fresh look at the market forces shaping the industry.It also requires a rethinking of market definitions and of the assessment of market power.This article addresses these issues with a particular emphasis on the recent development of 'over the tops'.

Ipsilateral shoulder pain (ISP) is a common complication of mixed etiology after thoracic surgery (its prevalence is estimated in the literature at between 42% and 97%). It is severe and resistant to treatment (patients complain of pain despite effective epidural analgesia at the surgical site).The aim of this retrospective, observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of ISP in patients operated on in our facility and to determine the risk factors for ISP development.68 patients after thoracotomy or videothoracoscopy (video-assisted thoracic surgery - VATS) conducted under general and regional anesthesia were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: group I without ISP and group II with postoperative ISP. We recorded age, sex, BMI, duration of surgery, type of surgery, type of regional anesthesia, and, in patients with epidural anesthesia, level of catheter placement.Statistically significant differences between the groups were obtained for BMI (24.67 and 27.68, respectively; p = 0.049), type of surgery (24% for thoracotomy and 0% for VATS, p = 0.026), and level of epidural catheter placement (4.35% for catheters placed at the level of Th5 or higher and 40.47% for catheters placed below Th5; p = 0.003).The prevalence of ISP in our medical center amounts to 24% of thoracotomy patients. The fact that the difference in ISP prevalence was significantly related to the level of epidural catheter placement is consistent with the theory that ISP is related to phrenic nerve innervation. Moreover, epidural catheter placement is a modifiable factor, which can be used to reduce the prevalence of post-thoracotomy ISP.Tożstronny ból barku (Celem pracy była ocena częstości występowania ISP u pacjentów operowanych w naszym ośrodku oraz poszukiwanie ewentualnych czynników ryzyka jego powstawania.Przeprowadzono badanie retrospektywne obserwacyjne populacji 68 pacjentów poddanych zabiegom torakotomii lub wideotorakoskopii przezopłucnowej (Znamienne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy grupami I a II obserwowano dla współczynnika BMI (odpowiednio 24,67Częstość występowania ISP u pacjentów poddanych torakotomii w naszym ośrodku wynosi 24%. Wysokość wprowadzenia cewnika zewnątrzoponowego jako znamienny czynnik powstawania ISP potwierdza teorię bólów rzutowanych z obszaru unerwienia nerwu przeponowego. Jednocześnie jest to czynnik modyfikowalny, mogący stanowić o zmniejszeniu częstości występowania ISP po operacjach torakochirurgicznych.

In this paper, we provide a formal description of modem malware life cycle. It is included a description of the modem malware evolution (history). We propose a set of techniques to perform detailed analysis of infected modem. We report on modem malware network activities in campus network and we propose NetFlow based detection method to reveal the modem malware spreading. V článku je uveden formální popis životního cyklu malwaru pro modemy. Je popsán evoluční vývoj malwaru pro modemy. Jsou navrženy techniky, které umožňují provádět detailní analýzu infikovaného modemu. Dále uvádíme informace o síťových aktivitách nakažených modemů v univerzitní síti a je navržena metoda využívající NetFlow data pro detekci šíření malwaru pro modemy.

This Report analyses the copyright law framework needed to ensure open access to outputs of the Australian academic and research sector such as datasets, articles and theses. It is written in the context of an increasing recognition, in Australia and internationally, that access to knowledge is a key driver of social, cultural and economic development and that publicly funded research should be openly accessible. With the objective of enabling access to knowledge, this Report proposes the development of clear protocols for copyright management (designed as practical and effective tools) for implementation in the Australian academic and research sector The Report explains that with the rise of networked digital technologies our knowledge landscape and innovation system is more and more reliant on best practice copyright management strategies. Furthermore in the 21st century these strategies need to accommodate both the demands for open sharing of knowledge and traditional commercialisation models. To this end, this Report examines the way in which practices for managing copyright, interact with the new web based frameworks that have developed for knowledge creation and dissemination. It focuses on specific areas that are central to the promotion of innovation and creativity in Australia, with emphasis on various types of repositories. More specifically, this Report provides an overview of the principles of copyright law, the concept of open access to knowledge, the recently developed open content models of copyright licensing and proposes a framework for enhancing the management of copyright interests in research and academic output (including electronic theses and dissertations (ETD)). The Report describes a forward work program which, upon implementation, will provide the platform for the development of systems and practices designed to effectively promote open access to knowledge within the Australian academic and research sector. The Report calls upon Australian research and funding institutions to consider their commitment to open access and articulate this in clear polices and copyright management frameworks. It proposes a survey of researchers about their understanding of, attitudes towards and experience with publishing agreements and the provision of model agreements that can facilitate open access and commercialisation objectives. The Report details a methodology for cataloguing and better understanding publishers’ attitudes towards open access. This list aims to be interoperable with the existing SHERPA list based in the UK and accessible through a web interface known as the OAK List. Finally the Report looks at copyright management of open access to ETD and makes proposals for better managing this process. In all of these endeavours the OAK Law Project aims to undertake work that will be of relevance to and can be utilised by key stakeholders.

This work is designed to be a working paper and undertakes an analysis of the legal application of the rules set forth in the Law on Information Society and e-Commerce Services as regards the liability of intermediary service providers. In the five years since the law came into force, few decisions have been issued, although various types of conflicts have been considered. One of the most conflictive points when interpreting these rules is the sense that must be given to the requisite of lacking actual knowledge to be able to enjoy exclusion from liability in cases of data storage and link providing. The interpretation of this point has clearly been divergent in the judicial decisions of which we are aware. The work pays special attention to this issue, as well as analysing others, such as that relating to the admissibility of injunctions and the more basic problem of the pure and simple non-application of the law. Este trabajo está concebido como working paper y lleva a cabo un análisis de la aplicación judicial de las reglas de la Ley de Servicios de la Sociedad de la Información y de Comercio Electrónico en materia de responsabilidad de los prestadores de servicios de intermediación. En los cinco años de vigencia de la ley, las resoluciones dictadas son todavía pocas, pero se han planteado ya conflictos de variada tipología. Uno de los puntos más conflictivos en la interpretación de estas normas es el sentido que deba darse al requisito de carecer de conocimiento efectivo para poder gozar de la exclusión de responsabilidad en los casos de alojamiento de datos y en los supuestos de provisión de enlaces. La interpretación de este punto ha sido claramente divergente en las resoluciones judiciales que conocemos. El trabajo presta especial atención a este problema, y analiza también otros, como son el relativo a la admisibilidad de acciones de cesación y el problema más elemental de la inaplicación pura y simple de la ley.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi penggunaan frekuensi 2.4 GHz dalam keperluan internet wireless di daerah Yogyakarta, mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi penyelenggara internet wireless (ISP) dalam memanfaatkan frekuensi 2.4 GHz dan mengetahui tanggapan pengguna internet wireless agar frekuensi 2.4 GHz dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan melakukan in-depth interview kepada Balai monitoring frekuensi dan penyelenggara internet wireless yang menggunakan frekuensi 2.4 GHz. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kondisi penggunaan frekuensi 2.4 GHz pada daerah Yogyakarta masih belum sesuai dengan peraturan yang ditetapkan dalam KM No.2 tahun 2005. Kendala yang dihadapi ISP dalam menggunakan frekuensi 2.4 GHz yaitu banyaknya interferensi yang terjadi. Agar frekuensi 2.4 GHz dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal maka peralatan yang digunakan harus disertifikasi terlebih dahulu, dilakukan pengawasan terhadap daya pancar dan penggunaannya mempunyai skill di bidang jaringan internet wireless.

This Report analyses the copyright law framework needed to ensure open access to outputs of the Australian academic and research sector such as datasets, articles and theses. It is written in the context of an increasing recognition, in Australia and internationally, that access to knowledge is a key driver of social, cultural and economic development and that publicly funded research should be openly accessible. With the objective of enabling access to knowledge, this Report proposes the development of clear protocols for copyright management (designed as practical and effective tools) for implementation in the Australian academic and research sector The Report explains that with the rise of networked digital technologies our knowledge landscape and innovation system is more and more reliant on best practice copyright management strategies. Furthermore in the 21st century these strategies need to accommodate both the demands for open sharing of knowledge and traditional commercialisation models. To this end, this Report examines the way in which practices for managing copyright, interact with the new web based frameworks that have developed for knowledge creation and dissemination. It focuses on specific areas that are central to the promotion of innovation and creativity in Australia, with emphasis on various types of repositories. More specifically, this Report provides an overview of the principles of copyright law, the concept of open access to knowledge, the recently developed open content models of copyright licensing and proposes a framework for enhancing the management of copyright interests in research and academic output (including electronic theses and dissertations (ETD)). The Report describes a forward work program which, upon implementation, will provide the platform for the development of systems and practices designed to effectively promote open access to knowledge within the Australian academic and research sector. The Report calls upon Australian research and funding institutions to consider their commitment to open access and articulate this in clear polices and copyright management frameworks. It proposes a survey of researchers about their understanding of, attitudes towards and experience with publishing agreements and the provision of model agreements that can facilitate open access and commercialisation objectives. The Report details a methodology for cataloguing and better understanding publishers’ attitudes towards open access. This list aims to be interoperable with the existing SHERPA list based in the UK and accessible through a web interface known as the OAK List. Finally the Report looks at copyright management of open access to ETD and makes proposals for better managing this process. In all of these endeavours the OAK Law Project aims to undertake work that will be of relevance to and can be utilised by key stakeholders.

This paper discusses a longitudinal study which surveys a targeted selection of Australian ISPs to determine both initial and subsequent effects of and attitudes towards the legislation. The paper observes that, initially, ISPs were generally opposed to the legislation, offering stiff opposition to its introduction. The initial results suggested dissatisfaction with the legislation on the part of ISPs, and foreshadowed adverse effects on the online industry. Concerns were also raised that the legislation would not be effective. Two years later, however, ISPs had generally observed little change in operations, arguing that the legislation had had little overall effect. The study also raises a number of interesting issues that are outside the scope of this paper. These issues merit further research.

The ISP market in Ireland is relatively immature. Although Ireland’s first Service Provider IEUnet was established in 1991, it is only in the last two or three years that a choice of provider and access price points has emerged under the regulatory regime of the Office of the Director of Telecommunications Regulation (OTDR). This has been achieved through the introduction of a telecommunications licensing regime by the ODTR, the specifics of which are available from the ODTR website.2 From a position where there was only one telecommunications operator, the former PTO3 namely Eircom, there are currently 77 other licensed operators (OLOs) in the State. The regulation imposes on ISPs that provide the initial connection to the Internet the need to obtain a licence. ISPs that provide portal sites and search engines but not the telecommunication access to the user - like international companies Yahoo and Alta Vista, or Irish companies like Ireland.com - are not required to obtain a telecommunications licence. This form of ISP provides services after the initial connection to the Internet is made. The ISPs under investigation here are those that supply the initial physical connection to the Internet as well as access to the World Wide Web. This level of Internet connectivity constitutes a telecommunications service and thus an operator requires a telecommunications licence.4 We further focus on the market specifically for residential Internet service provision.

In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of the exergetic performance of a solar pond integrated with solar collectors (with a surface area of 2096 m2 and a depth of 2 m, and four flat-plate collectors with dimensions of 1.90 m × 0.90 m). A data acquisition device is used to measure and record the temperatures hourly at various locations in the pond. An exergy model is developed to study the dynamic exergetic performance of the solar pond integrated with solar collectors in terms of exergy efficiencies which are then compared with the corresponding energy efficiencies. Thus, the energy efficiencies are found to be 21.33%, 23.59%, 24.28% and 26.52%; the exergy efficiencies are found to be 20.02%, 21.66%, 22.24% and 23.84% for using 1, 2, 3 and 4 collectors, respectively. The energy efficiencies are compared with the corresponding exergy efficiencies. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Since its adoption in the early 90's, several privacy concerns have emerged about the Domain Name System (DNS). By collecting the DNS queries performed by each user, it is possible to characterize habits, interests and other sensitive data of the users. Usually, users resolve their {\em url} requests by querying the DSN server belonging to their Internet Service Provider (ISP) and therefore they assume they can trust it. However, different DNS servers can be used, by revealing sensitive data to a partially untrusted entity that can collect and sell this data for several purposes (target advertising, user profiling, etc.). In this paper we address the possibility to integrate tools in the current DNS architecture to enhance users privacy when they decide to use a DNS server different from the one made available by their ISP, while allowing the DNS servers to collect statistics about queries in order to optimize their operations. The mean feature of the proposed architecture is to guarantee {\em Sender Anonymity} from the DNS point of view, without obfuscating the actual queries. This is possible by applying a {\em Secret Sharing} scheme on {\em urls} to be resolved in an overlay network consisting of clients using the same DNS, and by disseminating the shares of each query to multiple nodes, randomly selected from this network, which in turn act as proxies to reach the DNS.

Pocas son las veces en que los estudios en interpretación en los servicios públicos se han centrado en la gestión de las emociones del intérprete durante la sesión. De este modo, con este proyecto se pretende ver por qué los intérpretes pueden llegar a sentir tanta carga emocional y cuáles son las patologías que pueden sufrir, además de recopilar consejos y recomendaciones que puedan serles útiles para este tipo de sesiones. Las entrevistas realizadas demuestran que es fundamental formar a los intérpretes en gestión de emociones, ya que el impacto emocional que pueden sufrir puede considerarse un riesgo laboral. Poques són les vegades en què els estudis en interpretació als serveis públics s'han centrat en la gestió de les emocions de l'intèrpret durant la sessió. Així, amb aquest projecte es pretén veure per què els intèrprets poden acabar sentint tanta càrrega emocional i quines són les patologies que poden patir, a més de recopilar consells i recomanacions que puguin ser-los útils per a aquest tipus de sessions. Les entrevistes realitzades demostren que és fonamental formar als intèrprets en gestió d'emocions, ja que l'impacte emocional que poden patir pot considerar-se un risc laboral.

Botnets are a serious threat on the Internet and require huge resources to be thwarted. ISPs are in the best position to fight botnets and there are a number of recently proposed initiatives that focus on how ISPs should detect and remediate bots. However, it is very expensive for ISPs to do it alone and they would probably welcome some external funding. Among others, botnets severely affect ad networks (ANs), as botnets are increasingly used for ad fraud. Thus, ANs have an economic incentive, but they are not in the best position to fight botnet ad fraud. Consequently, ANs might be willing to subsidize the ISPs to do so. We provide a game-theoretic model to study the strategic behavior of ISPs and ANs and we identify the conditions under which ANs are likely to solve the problem of botnet ad fraud by themselves and those under which the AN will subsidize the ISP to achieve this goal. Our analytical and numerical results show that the optimal strategy depends on the ad revenue loss of the ANs due to ad fraud and the number of bots participating in ad fraud.

The paper gives an overview of the impact of significant changes within the ICT sector and the ability to deploy new services in intelligent transport systems (ITS). The emphasis of research on the analysis of features of new innovative services Traffic Information System Provider (TISP) in Croatia, based on XaaS paradigm, the function of implementing the necessary e- communications infrastructure and services of ITS.