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Designing a Sustainable NextGen Concept for Euroversities by blended Emerging Trends, Disruptive Innovations, New Technologies, Weak Signals and Unusual Fundraising Strategies (DISRUPT5)

Globally the developed countries economies exist in conditions of ever-increasing competition. In recent decades, the states whose economy is based on modern technologies, the introduction of innovations and the creation of a favorable environment for their emergence has gained some advantage. Venture investment is an important component of the innovation economy, without which it is difficult to imagine the rapid development of new technologies. Under these conditions, the task of the legal systems of developed countries has become to create a legal framework for venture investment: convenient, transparent and understandable for national and international investors.In Russia, an important stage in the creation of a legal infrastructure for investment was the adoption of the Federal Law “On Investment Partnership” in 2011, designed to provide the investment community with contractual organizational and legal forms of collective investment activity, taking into account the specifics of the implementation of venture (especially risky) business projects. The Russian investment partnership is a direct analogue of the American limited partnership (limited partnership).The paper considers the main advantages of an investment partnership over other forms of collective investment activity, as well as analyzes some aspects of the regulation of investment partnerships in Russia and limited partnerships in the United States. The author concludes that an investment partnership is the optimal form of collective investment activity provided for by Russian legislation. There is no doubt that the general proximity of the construction of an investment partnership and a limited partnership, common in the United States (and other common law countries), makes an investment partnership the most attractive form of attracting foreign investment to the Russian market.

The article examines the specifics of digital literacy in the context of an innovative economy. A brief historical overview of the emergence of the concept of “digital literacy” and its spread over the past 20–25 years is given. Digital literacy is defined as a set of technical and cognitive skills necessary for navigating in a digital environment, equally essential for both the modern economy and scientific and technological development. The important role of digital literacy in an economy based on innovation is outlined. The article offers a concise comparative analysis of the situation with the development of digital literacy in three countries (USA, India, and Australia) and a comparison of foreign experience with Russian. A general analysis of the challenges in the field of digital literacy for Russia in the context of the problems of higher education and science policies is carried out.

Currently, with the expansion of technological innovations, the economy of the Russian Federation is being transformed. For this reason, it becomes necessary to assess its innovation potential and compare it with the level of innovation potential of other countries. The economies of the BRICS countries were selected for the study, and the United States was also considered as an example of a developed innovation economy. To assess the innovation potential of these countries, groups of indicators were identified that determine the degree of innovation development. The study used data from the Science and Technology section of the World Bank site and applied the methods of correlation and regression analysis. The results of the analysis make it possible to identify and compare the key factors in the development of innovation potential in the countries under consideration.

This paper analyzed the role of the digitalization approach in innovating business operating models in Indonesia. We chose a review research approach on the findings of economic and business journals that we searched electronically based on Google application data. We focus on findings from international journals that discuss how digitalization plays a role in innovation models of profitable and sustainable business operations. We reviewed papers published in the last ten years (2010 to 2020) using data analysis, critical evaluation, and in-depth interpretation methods to find valid and reliable data. Our analysis focuses on business innovation models operating with digital services; production, distribution, and sales. We found that the role, implementation, and activities of digital applications in business are proven to overcome obstacles to business operations in the current multi-crisis and pandemic era. In other words, the digitalization trend has proven to be very helpful for operational business processes that follow an adaptation approach to the demands of technological convenience by companies and consumers. Furthermore, we believe that business innovation with a digitalization approach is an effort to improve services in all operational lines to achieve profitable and sustainable business goals.

The paper discusses the concept of innovation-driven development of a regional industrial complex in the transition to an innovation economy, based on the criterion of alignment between production operations and innovation activities. The methods of concept formulation are determined, as well as their relation to the methods of innovation-driven development of socioeconomic systems. Major elements of the concept and its relation to the development strategy of the analysed complex are outlined. The objectives and principles are described in detail, as well as the performance indicators of innovation-driven development of the industrial complex in their interrelation with the functions of the modern innovation market development.

In the context of the transition of the national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to an innovative type of development, the issues of the formation and development of human capital are becoming increasingly important. Increasing labor productivity, developing high-tech production, creating innovative products in the republic is impossible without providing the branches of the national economy with personnel who have the necessary professional and personal competencies. In turn, social and economic factors affect the formation and quality of human capital, while there is an uneven spatial distribution of human resources. Accordingly, the priorities of the socio-economic development of the territories require coordination with the tasks of increasing human capital. The basis of this study is the analysis of the reproduction processes of human capital in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the socio-economic component. The object of the research is the human capital of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the subject of the research is the socio-economic aspect of the development of human capital. The method of the integral index for assessing human capital was taken as the main model for calculating human capital. We identified not only socio-economic factors affecting the effective use of human capital in the regions, but also demographic, environmental components and calculated indices based on these factors. The analysis showed that one of the key factors affecting the differentiation of the level of accumulated human capital is socio-economic. According to the results, the regions were identified as leaders and outsiders in terms of the level of accumulated human capital, regions with a post-industrial warehouse of the economy have high indicators of the human capital index, regions with agricultural specialization are low.

This paper examines the problem of development of the term “state security” in Ukraine, legal context of implementation, adequate definitions for state authorities` competence in sphere of security. Based on traditional theoretical legal definition of state as organization of political power, security of state depends on the components of security such as politics, economy, scientific and technological policy as the foundation of innovation policy. In today's world economics is driven by knowledge. Therefore, structure of innovation economy may be described as conditional pattern “common economy = economy of science + economy of technics + economy of production (real economy)”. The economy in this context may be described as “economy of science (information => information resources => innovations => qualitatively new knowledge => intellectual resources), economy of technics and economy of production”. In this sense state security depends on political component of economic security. Systematization of competence of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (national parliament), President of Ukraine, National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, local authorities in the sphere of security is far from perfect. The authors argue that the state security is not only within the competence of Security Service of Ukraine according to prescriptions of the law. These objectives are subjects for other state authorities. However, the problems of separation of competence for state powers and state authorities are complex and need following studies.

Aim. The presented study aims to examine the development of intellectual property in the context of the innovation process.Tasks. The authors define the major prerequisites for the transformation of the institution of intellectual property; monitor the dynamics of trademark applications filed in the Russian Federation in 2016–2020; briefly describe factors influencing the commercialization of intellectual innovative developments.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods (the monographic method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) and methods of structural, systems, and comparative economic analysis.Results. The analyzed trends in the development of intellectual property shows that the use of the ecosystem approach in technology transfer and constructive interaction between individual subjects of technology transfer will facilitate active development of the research potential of certain organizations and implementation of developments in production, while also strengthening the position of the Russian Federation in the global high-tech market. Comparative analysis of the global intellectual property market shows that international technology licensing grows by approximately 18% annually, while domestic technology licensing increases by only 10 % each year. Therefore, it can be concluded that intellectual exchange is one of the drivers of globalization. However, the recent trend towards increased regionalization raises the urgent issue of intensifying the creation of a national technology transfer ecosystem in Russia – one that would be closely linked to the national industrial ecosystem – in order to enhance the competitiveness of goods and services produced by Russian companies. There is an obvious global trend towards the transformation of traditional business models and the emergence of unified corporate, industrial, or national environments of cooperation chains aimed at developing new technologies.Conclusions. It can be argued that the development of intellectual property is one of the factors that determine the sustainable and progressive development of the innovation economy as a whole. This potential is realized through the commercialization of innovative developments and the protection of intellectual property. In view of the high importance of protecting national developments, it is advisable to support them within the framework of the national economic policy.

The article contains analyze of the legal regulation of the protection of intellectual property rights and practice of competitive strategies for the protection of intellectual property using best legal practices of EU countries and Eurasian Economic Union. Legal confirmation of intellectual property right, in fact, means that the state realizes the importance of culture and progress for the preservation and development of society. Protection of the results of creativity, intellectual activity is associated with the protection of individual freedom, human rights. The features of the competitive environment and competitive mechanism in the innovation economy has been analyzed as well as influence of competition on the behavior of economic agents in the innovative economic system. The paper includes analyzes the logic and economics of non-competitive behavior of companies and states in the EU single market and examines the functions of the Directorate of the European Commission for Competition. The EU competition policy tools are flexible and that they take into account the most diverse interests of the single market. The policy of the Eurasian Union as a whole is aimed at the implementation by the member states of measures in competitive policy and contributes to the launch of joint research and industrial projects, allows to increase the competitiveness of products, reduce production costs, ensure joint access to the external market.

Purpose: The paper aimed to check the activities of local governments contributing to the development of the innovation economy in Poland as well as to find the answer to the questions if local governments both support innovations, as well as implement innovations themselves. Moreover, the purpose of the paper was to find out if activities of local governments depend on their type (rural, urban, urban-rural) or not? Approach/Methodology/Design: In order to achieve that the method of desk research, quantitative and qualitative research were used. The first part of the research was based on a literature review and the second concerned the development of the survey questionnaire based on the literature review. The questionnaire survey was developed and the whole population (2479) of local governments in Poland, was investigated, in early - using the CAWI method. Findings: We have got the answers from 453 local governments. The conducted analysis showed what kind of innovation is undertaken by Polish local governments frequently, we also find out what kind of activities they undertake to increase the innovation economy. Practical Implications: LGUs should continue implementing the innovations resulting from ICT infrastructure and e-government at local level development. Both the world trends as well as last pandemic time confirmed the need of boosting innovations in this area. Secondly, the LG authorities should cooperate with business actors, coming from the other public sector, academia, and civil society. Originality/Value: The research has enabled to develop a conceptual understanding of the relationship between local government and innovative activities., peer-reviewed

With the global economy increasingly dependent on innovation, urban discourse has shifted to consider what kinds of spatial designs may best nurture innovation. We examined the relationship between the built environment and the spatial heterogeneity of regional innovation productivity (RIP) using the example of China’s Pearl River Delta (PRD). Based on a spatial database of 522 546 patent data from 2017, this study proposed an innovation-based built environment framework with the following five aspects: healthy environment, daily interaction, mixed land use, commuting convenience, and technology atmosphere. Combining negative binomial regression and Geodetector to examine the impact of the built environment on RIP, the results show that the spatial distribution of innovation productivity in the PRD region is extremely uneven. The negative binomial regression results show that the built environment has a significant impact on the spatial differentiation of RIP, and, specifically, that healthy environment, mixed land use, commuting convenience, and technology atmosphere all demonstrate significant positive impacts. Meanwhile, the Geodetector results show that the built environment factor impacts the spatial heterogeneity of RIP to varying degrees, with technology atmosphere demonstrating the greatest impact intensity. We conclude that as regional development discourse shifts focus to the knowledge and innovation economy, the innovation-oriented design and updating of built environments will become extremely important to policymakers.

This paper quantitatively analyzes how technology has evolved within the technological field of computer graphic processing systems. A path-dependent technological development path is called a ‘technological trajectory’ in the field of Innovation Economics. The technological trajectory of a technological field can be mapped as the main paths of patent citation networks. Using a method called main path analysis, main paths are calculated from the whole patent citation network data of the technological field. This paper examines how technology has evolved within the technological field of computer graphic processing systems using main path analysis. In addition, the change of the main paths over time is analyzed. According to this analysis, the appearances and disappearances of nodes on the main paths show certain patterns. First, all nodes observed on the main paths three times consecutively at 5-year intervals did not drop out from the main paths in the long term. Second, most of the appearances and disappearances of the nodes occur toward the end of the main paths. These observations are consistent with the technological lock-in process. The result of this research suggests that it takes less than 10 years to determine which technologies are locked-in. In addition, various patterns of the appearances and disappearances of companies owning patents on the main paths are also observed. Three companies are taken as examples to illustrate these patterns. These observations provide insight into how knowledge networks are formed.

In the modern economy of Russia, an important role is played by technologies, which are given a significant place in the concept of innovative development. The fundamental direction of this development is research and development in the field of technologies, production of products, provision of services, which is the basis for the growth of the standard of living of the population. In view of the increasing role of territorial differentiation, the analysis of regional development in the catching-up innovative economy of Russia becomes relevant, since technological lag cannot but affect the efficiency of production. This is clearly demonstrated by the integrated ratings of socio-economic and scientific-technological development of the regions of the Russian Federation. The existing models of innovative development are based on the concepts of advanced and catch-up development. The Strategy of innovative development of Russia indicates that the country is focused on the re-equipment of the economy, based on imported technologies, which corresponds to the catch-up type of development. For Russia, the option of leadership in those segments of the economy where competitive advantages are created is possible, while advanced development should take place not only in the economic sphere, but also in the social sphere. The problem of catching up with innovative economic development is a new one that requires detailed study, both in theoretical and analytical aspects. In addition, special attention should be paid to the analysis of the possibilities of implementing the strategy of advanced and catch-up innovative development in the regions of Russia, as well as the creation of territories of advanced socio-economic development and special economic zones. In many regions of the Russian Federation, there are enterprises that produce world-class products that will allow them to be leaders. One of the most common areas of innovation activity in the regions is the introduction of new technologies in the housing and utilities system and transport infrastructure.

The article deals with the topic of technology management in innovative environments, especially in the field of technological acquisition as a process. Some concepts and practical elements of technological acquisition and their significance for innovative companies are described. Some theories, methods and strategies for ensuring an effective process are evaluated, as well as factors that influence the processes of technology acquisition in companies. It is about the general aspects of the relationship between technology management and innovation management as a reference for describing the technological procurement process.

This paper explores the characteristics of intellectual capital, competitiveness and industrial policies of innovation-intensive sectors in Serbia. It consists of four parts. The first part presents the characteristics of intellectual capital as the basis of economic growth and competitiveness. The second part analyses the characteristics of national intellectual capital and competitiveness of individual countries in the global economy, while the third part of the paper discusses the competitiveness of the Serbian economy and gives recommendations for a new growth model. The fourth part of the paper is concerned with analysis of the characteristics of intellectual capital and industrial policies of innovation-intensive companies in Serbia, presenting also the results of the research study. The paper proposes that the new growth model of the domestic economy should be based on advanced industrial production and services with a high degree of added value, as well as the application of new economic policies, which should be based on a heterodox approach. It is also concluded that the level of development of intellectual capital of the analyzed companies is at a relatively high level, their structural capital is relatively developed, and the surveyed companies have an excellent reputation. Finally, it is concluded that further development of innovation-intensive sectors implies the application of appropriate industrial policies specific for containing the elements of both vertical and horizontal policies which should focus on encouraging development and innovation.

Currently the "green" economy is an important part of positioning in the international arena as an environmental component of sustainable development. Russia, as an active party in the international arena, supports resolutions on the "green" economy development and "green" financing tools for resolving issues of climate-resistant economic growth. Factors and trends in the Russian "green" economy development are radically different from most developed countries. At the same time, Russia has undeniable advantages in terms of preserving natural landscapes and the ecosystem services’ potential. Russia also has huge and almost unused opportunities for "green" growth. Our article is devoted to these problematic economic issues related to the "green" investment development. It is a basis for environmentally sustainable evolution. We discuss the latest trends and facts in the the"green" economy development of Russia. In addition, we describe possible promising directions for its growth in the future. Our results can be interesting and useful for researchers and experts working in the field of strategic management, spatial development and innovation economics. It is attractive for stakeholders and politicians involved in the economics and environment issues.

The rise of China's tech companies in the global economy raises an urgent need to understand how China incubates its tech startups. China's tech startup ecosystem presents two puzzling legal arrangements for human capital in light of Silicon Valley's experience, the co-existence of enforceable non-compete agreements and the high-velocity labour market, and the common use of stock options with a buyback norm. This article delves into the peculiarities of China's legal and political institutions to resolve these legal puzzles. This article also speaks to a global policy debate about the replicability of Silicon Valley and the necessity of such replication. The Chinese experience offers opposite examples showing the replication complexity: replication yet with deformed practices, and non-replication yet with similar outcomes. The findings suggest that there is unlikely to be a one-size-fits-all model for creating an innovation economy.

В статье показано, что институциональные барьеры препятствуют развитию инновационного предпринимательства и инновационной экономики в целом. В ходе анализа институциональных барьеров, сдерживающих развитие инновационной деятельности, выявлено, что инновационная разработка выходит на рынок, который в силу своей монополизации не заинтересован в ее внедрении. Это является одной из главных институциональных ловушек развития инновационного предпринимательства. В работе обосновано, что институциональным барьером является низкий уровень предпринимательской активности в высокотехнологичном секторе, а значит, институт инновационного предпринимательства до конца не сформирован. Показано, что в настоящее время в стране сложились благоприятные обстоятельства и возможности выхода из институциональных ловушек. Процессы цифровизации позволят преодолеть сформировавшиеся проблемы развития российской экономики и уйти от модели догоняющего развития. The article shows that institutional barriers hinder the development of innovative entrepreneurship and the innovative economy as a whole. During the analysis of institutional barriers that hinder the development of innovation, it is revealed that innovative development enters the market, which, due to its monopolization, is not interested in its implementation. This is one of the main institutional pitfalls of developing innovative entrepreneurship. The paper substantiates that the institutional barrier is a low level of entrepreneurial activity in the high-tech sector, which means that the Institute of innovative entrepreneurship is not fully formed. It is shown that currently the country has favorable circumstances and opportunities to get out of institutional traps. Digitalization processes will help to overcome the existing problems of development of the Russian economy and move away from the model of catch-up development.

Taking into account the global trends in the space goods and services market, as well as the strategic importance of the space industry as a multiplier for the development of high-tech innovation economy, it is important to review and optimize the role of space agencies in shaping and prioritizing state space policy.The global space industry is changing rapidly, moving to the fourth stage of development – the construction of the ecosystem of the «New Space», which is characterized by rapid commercialization of the space sector, expanding the range of industry participants and increasing innovation.Today, the domestic space industry needs quick and effective solutions to reform the national space policy, balanced approaches to state regulation and management of the industry, taking into account global trends in the global space sector.

This article explores the differences between major and regional universities from the perspective of human resource training for innovation production. The hypothesis is advanced that these differences are caused first and foremost by concentration of resources in major regions, and therefore, by the advantage of major universities and limited opportunities of regional universities to involve students and postgraduates in innovation activities. The theoretical and methodological framework is comprised by the provisions that reveal complex and contradictory nature of relationship between the economy and higher education, imbalance between the level of production modernization and the level of educational potential characteristic to multiple regions. The novelty of this works consists in articulation of the problem, methodology and utilization of the original empirical base, which represents the results of a survey that involves 90 experts from 15 Russian regions and was conducted in 2017-2019. It is demonstrated that the best regional universities can be competitive in relation to major universities, and reduce the so-called “centrism of the capital” due to more efficient usage of resources and closer ties with local production. An important condition is the competitiveness of human resource training programs, which relies not as much on compliance with formal indexes and positions in different ratings, as by particular results acquired in collaboration with manufacturing companies.

PurposeVariables affecting the innovation performance (IP) in regional innovation systems (RIS) have been widely studied in developed countries, while little information exists for the case of developing countries. Based on the innovation economics theory, this study aims to examine determinants of IP of organizations within the RIS of Medellin/Antioquia, Colombia (South America).Design/methodology/approachBy using nonparametric statistical analyses, this study tests six research hypotheses through a randomly applied questionnaire, responded by 1,005 organizations belonging to the RIS of Medellin/Antioquia.FindingsResults indicate that the economic sector, firm size, level of interaction with different parties and level of interaction with academic partners have a significant impact on IP in the RIS. Nevertheless, the number of employees in research and development and the adoption of new technologies have no significant effect.Practical implicationsBased on the results, this study identifies innovation determinants that managers and policymakers should consider when formulating strategies to improve organizations’ IP. The result of this paper may provide valuable insights for the study of RIS’ determinants and support further research in similar contexts.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the limited body of knowledge regarding the variables that impact the IP of organizations in a RIS from a developing country. This paper also examines possible explanations for those hypotheses that were not supported, showing differences between developing and developed countries.

The article considers the prospect of the establishment of world-class scientific and educational centers as new drivers for the development of Russia's innovative economy. The primary role of the innovation accelerator goes to the regions that provide a synergistic effect for the economic breakthrough and achieve the strategic objectives of the country's development. The concept of the scientific and educational centers is based on the idea of creating a unique environment that promotes the smooth conduct of scientific and innovative activities.

We advocate that innovation carriers proactively grow their own intellectual property, including venture capital investment funds, local governments, industrial clusters, science and technology parks, and peculiarly to China, the High-speed Rail sector. We believe that the timing is right for this novel approach because China's innovation economy is fast becoming world's largest by some measure, and this economy increasingly puts IP at the core, which bridges innovation to value. Via a string of 2019 events and initiatives in China, the public was made much aware of the fact that IP is worth a lot of value: the July opening of the Sci-Tech innovAtion Board (STAR 科创板) of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, which has the explicit purpose of registering companies that are considered high-tech, thus regards highly a listed company's innovation capacity and intellectual property; the July estimate of 24 billion RMB value for the more than 53,000 invention patents granted in the year of 2018 to applicants from Guangdong Province; and the September sale of China's first-of-the-kind securitization of patent license fees. These initiatives show that IP manifests its value in different ways for different innovation carriers, which leads to our proposal that all innovation carriers grow their own IP serving their own purposes, and we consider our proposal an application of Paul Romer's endogenous growth model which encourages the production of knowledge and patents.

On a global scale, Russia’s competitive advantages remain linked with extractive and low value-added industries despite numerous attempts of the government to make the national economy more innovative. The paper focuses on the problem of the Russian economy’s transi tion to innovative development and overcoming its resource dependency. Methodologically, the paper relies on the concepts of an enclave dual economy and fragmented (dual) innovation sys tems. The object of the study is coal mining regions, which are clustered based on the analysis of investment and innovation activity. Statistical methods of data analysis (calculation of descrip tive statistics) as well as cluster analysis methods (hierarchical method and k-means method) are used for processing the initial information. The researchers form the indicators characteris ing investment and innovative activity in the selected regions. Investment indicators include the ones reflecting the total share of investment in fixed capital by economic activities related to extractive and manufacturing industries. To assess innovation activity the authors calculated the total share of expenses of the organisations of extractive and manufacturing industries on technological innovations. The results of hierarchical analysis in a group of investment activity indicators allow identifying four clusters of regions. Based on the innovation activity indica tors, regions form three clusters. The research findings demonstrate that most of coal mining regions feature low or medium level of investment activity in the extractive and manufacturing industries; medium level of innovation activity in extractive industries and medium or low level of innovation activity in manufacturing industries. The results of the study can be one of the foundations for the regional policy targeting the transition to innovation economy.

The paper aims to identify the main innovation activity factors in the Russian regions using econometric analysis. Assessment of the current state of the innovation environment in the Russian Federation reveals that there is a number of problems impeding innovation growth, which affects the country’s position in international rankings. The methodological basis of the research includes the theoretical principles of innovation economics, innovation management and regional development. There is a plethora of approaches to modeling the factors of innovative development of countries and regions, as well as to measuring innovation. In the article, we analyze patent activity in Russia’s regions and stimulating factors. The information base includes Rosstat panel data for 1999–2015 in 77 subjects of the Russian Federation. To optimize the set of variables of the econometric model, the authors apply a genetic algorithm. We find that factors reflecting human capital, financial performance of enterprises, market competition, ownership and general macroeconomic indicators of regions affect the indicators of patent activity. The research results can be used to formulate recommendations for improving regional innovation policy. In particular, it is reasonable to encourage the management and research staff of organizations to design and introduce innovations, develop venture business, promote active interaction of business with universities and research institutes, as well as strengthen international cooperation.

Analysis of the innovative development of the regional economy is a relevant problem due to its role in ensuring the economic security of the country and achieving priority goals. The subject of the research are the regions of one of Russia’s most dynamically developing macro-regions – the Volga Federal District. It features innovation clusters, a network of modern manufacturing companies, research organizations. At the same time, it developed a significant territorial heterogeneity of the regional space. Therefore, in the course of the study, a typology of the regions was drafted according to a number of indicators, which made it possible to assess the level of their innovative development and identify zones of relative stability, medium and critical state. A forecast of the main indicators of the innovation component was made showing the ability of the regions to overcome the factors preventing the development of the innovation economy. The research results showed that most of the regions have a medium level of economic security in the field of innovation. The Nizhny Novgorod Region and the Republic of Tatarstan are at a high level. The economy of these regions is characterized by a high level of diversification, resilience to instability in the domestic market and external challenges. The Saratov region, the Republic of Mari El and the Orenburg Region are in a low-level zone. A short-term forecast indicates that in general the situation will not change – the regions will increase or decrease the values of the indices within the achieved levels of economic security. A qualitative transition to a new level is possible provided that the problems that hinder the innovative economy in the regions are eliminated.

The article presents an analysis of the role of digitalization of the system of economic relations as a factor in the development of small innovative enterprises. Particular attention is paid to issues of participation in digitalization of ineffective Russian participants in the system of economic relations at the level of municipalities. The foreign experience of the participation of municipalities in digitalization programs is examined, and a study is made of the correspondence of domestic experience to foreign advanced solutions. The reserves of growth of the Russian economy due to the institutionalization of municipalities as drivers of its growth are identified. The directions of using the digital environment for the integration of self-government bodies into processes and relations occurring within the framework of the innovation economy model are determined. Based on the results of the study, an IT toolkit was proposed to increase the economic efficiency of interaction between local authorities and other institutional participants in economic relations in Russia.

The present paper aims to develop an understanding of interconnections between the entrepreneurial ecosystem and entrepreneurial opportunity. The first step of this research was to disclose the development of the ecosystem within two higher (efficiency- and innovation-driven) stages of economic development and the transition between them according to the World Economic Forum, based on the model by Dutch researcher Erik Stam. The Estonian entrepreneurial ecosystem was analyzed as an example. Secondary data on Estonian entrepreneurial ecosystems were collected and analyzed.In its second step, this research follows a case-study design. The start-up period of the studied Estonian companies represents different degrees of the maturity of the ecosystem: Regio and Mobi Solutions - efficiency-driven, GrabCAD - the transition from efficiency to innovation-driven, and Bolt (Taxify) - an innovation-driven economy.The example of the Estonian ICT sector proves that the most important contributors to the talent growth, the knowledge base, and framework conditions of the entrepreneurial ecosystem are the state through its infrastructure decisions and educational programs along with successful entrepreneurs who shape the role models known in Estonia today as the Skype-effect. Decisions on digital telecom infrastructure and e-society in the early stage of the transition in tandem with enterprise encouragement created a subsequent boom in ICT-based ventures in Estonia 10-15 years later. The processes resulted in achieving an innovation-driven society and the highest level of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship in Europe in 2017. With that, new venture funding has replaced the former development engine - foreign direct investment (FDI).Examples of ICT-based new ventures have demonstrated that the growing maturity of the ecosystem increased venture investment from “bootstrapping” to millions of euros of seed-funding and shortened new product development cycles from 5-7 to 1-3 years. The study shows that maturing ecosystems shorten business development processes, thereby increasing the integration of different ecosystems. The start-up success stories enhance trust in the particular business environment, and they both increase investments and accelerate the entry of new ventures, making better use of the emerging windows of opportunities.

Russia's long-term dependence on the development model of the resource economy can achieve the construction of the "oil curse", and the innovative economy has become an inevitable choice for its economic development. Measures to optimize the environment and mechanisms for innovation. In order to travel the actual situation of Russia's innovative economic development, this article uses the Solow model to formulate time data from 2000 to 2018, constructs an economic development model of Russian economic innovation, and constructs an economic development model of technological innovation. The results show that Russia's technological innovation has a negative growth effect, and there are still upcoming events in the development of Russia's innovation economy.

The innovation economy policy as a state instrument is used to enhance Russia’s political and strategic presence in Eurasia and beyond. This chapter attempts to explore Russian innovation cooperation in Greater Eurasia through the framework of the innovation system based on the work of both Diesen and Sokolov et al. The federal laws and their amendments as regards economic policies are also referred to in this chapter. The objectives driving Russia’s economic statecraft towards the region aim to resolve territorial disputes with Japan, establish peace on the Korean peninsula, increase Russia’s presence in the Asia-Pacific region and forge broader Eurasian integration and East Asian connectivity. The Russian Federation has gone for a long-term strategic commitment with China as seen from a US $400 billion gas pipeline deal signed in 2014, whereby Russia agreed to supply gas for a period of 30 years and also to build pipeline infrastructure to transport the gas.

Two trends will have more influence than anything else on the world’s future political and economic situation: the development of artificial intelligence and the emergence of China as a competitor to the United States on the international stage. This book is about the emerging innovation economy. It uses systems theory and evolutionary economics as a theoretical point of departure and explains why the focal point of the geopolitical stage is moving away from the alliance between the United States and Europe, and towards an alliance between China, the 14 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership countries, the countries along the new silk road, and Europe. The book argues that the globalization strategy of neoliberalism laid the foundation for the Chinese economic engine. Whereas the old globalization was driven by cost differences generally, and wage costs specifically, the new globalization is driven by divergence in competence in general, and technological competence in particular, and China’s primary goal is to develop artificial intelligence and intelligent robots. Further, the book posits that the interactions between the climate crisis and the new technology will change production, distribution and the creation of profits, both in China and more widely in the global innovation economy. The book develops a structure to describe, analyze and explain the Chinese innovation economy and contributes to the discussion regarding technological developments in China. The book is written for readers who are oriented towards the new globalization that is emerging in the innovation economy and the factors driving China's economic growth.

Successful transitions to a sustainable bioeconomy require novel technologies, processes, and practices as well as a general agreement about the overarching normative direction of innovation. Both requirements necessarily involve collective action by those individuals who purchase, use, and co-produce novelties: the consumers. Based on theoretical considerations borrowed from evolutionary innovation economics and consumer social responsibility, we explore to what extent consumers’ scope of action is addressed in the scientific bioeconomy literature. We do so by systematically reviewing bioeconomy-related publications according to (i) the extent to which consumers are regarded as passive vs. active, and (ii) different domains of consumer responsibility (depending on their power to influence economic processes). We find all aspects of active consumption considered to varying degrees but observe little interconnection between domains. In sum, our paper contributes to the bioeconomy literature by developing a novel coding scheme that allows us to pinpoint different aspects of consumer activity, which have been considered in a rather isolated and undifferentiated manner. Combined with our theoretical considerations, the results of our review reveal a central research gap which should be taken up in future empirical and conceptual bioeconomy research. The system-spanning nature of a sustainable bioeconomy demands an equally holistic exploration of the consumers’ prospective and shared responsibility for contributing to its coming of age, ranging from the procurement of information on bio-based products and services to their disposal.

China is facing the "ecological deficit" caused by environmental pollution and shortage of energy resources. Ecological innovation, as the integration point of innovation-driven development strategy and sustainable development strategy, provides a feasible path for achieving a win-win situation for the economy, society and the environment. Based on the knowledge graph research method, this article reviews and visualizes 949 SSCI-sourced ecological innovation literature from 1998 to 2019. The results of the study found: The knowledge base of ecological innovation research is composed of different research fields such as innovation economics, environmental economics, strategic management, and industrial organization. The research focus has shifted from focusing solely on environmental pollution to focusing on energy conservation, emission reduction and climate change, from initially focusing on the importance of technological innovation in ecological innovation, to focusing on the impact of institutional pressure on ecological innovation. Climate change, low-carbon development and typological research are frontier issues in the field of ecological innovation.

The purpose of the study is to provide effective direction and ideas for urban modernization and promote the development of the city innovation economy and the stability of the employment rate. First, the main contents and influencing factors of urban culture construction are introduced. Second, the construction of city cultural images and the social capital of new entrepreneurs are discussed, and the relationship between the two is analyzed. Then, Interpretative Structural Modeling Method (ISM) is put forward, and five influencing factors of city entrepreneurial environments are expounded. A questionnaire survey is designed based on the ISM model, and a nationwide survey of new entrepreneurs is carried out. The survey results show that entrepreneurs of different genders, ages, and educational levels have different degrees of concern for the city image. Among them, the entrepreneurs with different educational levels have the most obvious difference in their attention to the cultural image of the city (p < 0.05). In addition, public transportation, educational conditions, tourism resources, air quality, and image orientation are the most obvious factors affecting the construction of city brand images (p < 0.05). The influence of the educational level of residents and investment environment on new entrepreneurs is more prominent. This shows that in the process of shaping the city brand image, the improvement of city culture is helpful for new enterprises. The more perfect the city culture is, the more attractive it will be for highly educated entrepreneurs. The study can help relevant decision-makers to plan the future development direction of the city more accurately and realize the stable development of city brand images.

In modern conditions, the issue of transition to an innovative model for the development of the national economy becomes increasingly important, since the development of innovations becomes the determining factor in increasing the country's competitiveness and in solving social and economic problems. In accordance with the Global Innovation Index, the weak points of the Russian Federation in the field of innovative development are, first of all, the institutional environment and the investment climate. The statistical indicators of investment activity considered in this article are of considerable interest to investors, as they allow to see the current structure and dynamics of investments. Steady growth demonstrates the stability of the country's economy, while sharp fluctuations reflect the presence of problems and worsen the investment climate. Analyzed indicators demonstrate the presence of certain problems that limit the development of investment potential for the development of the innovation economy, which necessitates the search and classification of these problems. Keywords: investments, investment potential, innovations, financing, national economy, competitiveness, internal costs, budget financing, modernization, social and economic goals, science financing.

Voloshchuk V.R. MECHANISMS OF ACTIVATION OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT Purpose. The aim of the article is determined on the basis of a systematic approach and generalization of theoretical and scientific-practical approaches of discovering conceptual bases of formation of mechanisms and determination of economic interpretation of the process and stages of innovative development for the transition from low- to high-tech innovation economy. Methodology of research. Historical, systemic and logical-dialectical approaches have been applied to achieve this goal; the following methods are used: abstract and logical – in setting the goals and objectives of the study; analytical and monographic – when studying literary sources, legislative or other normative legal acts and practices of mechanisms of innovative development; by means of the comparative method the differences in the mechanisms of realization of the state innovation policy of Ukraine and the countries with developed market economy are determined; systematization – at systematization of mechanisms of innovative development of enterprises; statistical and economic – when collecting and processing statistical data; analysis and synthesis – to develop directions for improving the innovative development of enterprises. Findings. Conceptual bases of formation of mechanisms of innovative development of the enterprises are revealed and theoretical and scientific-practical approaches to economic interpretation of the process of innovative development are determined. The essence of innovation development as a systematic management of innovation activity, aimed at shaping and ensuring achievement of economic growth through rational use, increasing and distribution of innovative and economic and technological potential at different stages, namely: in the process of creation and transfer of innovations, development of mass production and financial mechanisms and commercialization of development, legal protection and use of intellectual property objects and establishment of Ukrainian relations Certain innovators with partners, creating favorable conditions for retaining specialists. Originality. It is determined that one of the main tasks of innovative development is to increase the level of innovation activity, which to a certain extent depends on the structural elements of the national innovation ecosystem and stages of innovation development. The scientific and methodological approaches of formation of mechanisms of innovative development are improved, on the basis of consideration of functional connections, ensuring rational use of resources, obtaining synergistic effect of contractual relationships and aggregate investments. Practical value. Formed mechanisms to ensure the activation of innovative development as an orderly set of institutional settings include defining the goals, objectives, increasing the ability to solve problems and attracting investment to ensure the effectiveness of innovation, which allows economic entities to achieve strategic development goals, solve problems of ensuring effective interaction of the state science and business to innovate, and as a systematic process that implements a competitor no benefits, ensuring sustainable growth, improve the quality and standard of living by harmonizing the interests of its members. Key words: conceptual foundations; innovative development; mechanisms; enterprises; potential; stages; strategy; transfer; activation.

The article studies the acute issues of Russia movement towards digital innovation economy. The author discusses specific features of the digitalization process in our country leaning on fundamental state documents in the field, i. e. the Strategy of innovation development of the Russian Federation up to 2020 and the Program 'Digital Economy of the Russian Federation'. It was shown that problems highlighted in these documents, such as insufficient financing and underdeveloped normative-legal support were confirmed by latest statistic data. According to the author, these problems have system nature and caused not by occasional circumstances but by deeper reasons. The author analyzes examples of concrete innovation developments in different fields of economy, such as construction, agro-technology, powder metallurgy and bio-technology and showed difficulties facing today's Russian production and service sector in their urge towards digital future. Special attention is paid to the leader of the present day innovation economy -computer technologies. The author came to the conclusion that though serious innovation developments are available, possibility of their introduction is dubious. Referring to the earlier fundamental analysis of liberal reforms of the 1990-s prepared by prominent Russian scientists the author puts forward certain ideas aimed at resolving these problems and contradictions.

In the article the performance & the formation of the innovation economy of Sweden are considered. The main peculiarities of the Swedish economy and also some stages of it’s performance and development are highlighted. The main achievements of the innovation system of Sweden and also the reasons for the success of the innovative economy in Sweden are analyzed. The strong & weak points of the innovation system of this country are determined.

We analyze the effects of children’s health on human capital accumulation and on long-run economic growth. For this purpose, we design an R&D-based growth model in which the stock of human capital of the next generation is determined by parental education and health investments. We show that (i) there is a complementarity between education and health: if parents want to have better educated children, they also raise health investments and vice versa; (ii) parental health investments exert an unambiguously positive effect on long-run economic growth, (iii) faster population growth reduces long-run economic growth. These results are consistent with the empirical evidence for modern economies in the twentieth century.

Innovation has become a key driver of economic growth, benefitting from knowledge production and technological advancements. Existing literature on the geography of innovation examines agglomeration economies, density, and the diversity of knowledge intensive firms, yet often overlooks the role of urban form. Generally, compact urban form, as opposed to sprawling regions, offers rich amenities, accessibility to public transit and a higher quality of places. Since such features attract educated millennial, the driving force behind knowledge-based and innovation economy, compact regions could be conducive to the innovation capacity. This study builds on Metropolitan Compactness Index (MCI) and examines the relationship between regional compactness and Regional Innovation Capacity (RIC) in the US. Findings indicate that all three indicators of RIC – the average number of patents, firm innovations, and the number of innovative small firms – are positively associated with MCI, while their relationships were significant in two models. Policy implications suggest that sprawling regions could hinder the innovation capacity, while compact regions could remove the physical barriers to innovation generation through offering high quality places and accessibility to urban amenities. This could facilitate social interactions and enhance social capital, while minimizing poverty and segregation. Investment in compact urban forms, thus, deserves greater attention.