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Simple Summary For the proper management of grazing wild ungulates, it is very important to know the botanical composition and quality of their selected diets. In the case of the vicuña, a wild camelid that lives in the Chilean highlands, there is little information related to these aspects. Therefore, in this work, the variations in the botanical composition and quality of their diets throughout the year were studied, which were estimated by analyzing the plant fragments found in the feces and the concentration of nitrogen within them. The vicuña mainly selects grasses from dry and wet grassland but is also capable of selecting other species, such as graminoids and dicotyledonous herbs. These plants contribute to obtaining a diverse and high-quality diet, this being an efficient foraging strategy to be able to consume a good quality diet, mainly in the months of high nutritional demand, which coincides with the summer rainy season. Abstract Understanding the botanical composition of herbivores’ diets and their nutritional quality is an important question in the development of sustainable strategies for the management of natural resources. In Chilean highland vicuña-grazed grasslands, there is little information in this regard and, therefore, this study aimed to determine the year-round profile of the diet’s botanical composition and quality. In highland grasslands, on an area of 21.9 ha, continuously grazed for 3.06 VU/ha/year (18°03′ S, 69°13′ W; 4425 m.o.s.l), twelve feces piles were sampled monthly and were analyzed through microhistology, and the nitrogen concentration [NF, OM basis] was determined. The botanical composition, diversity (J) and selectivity index (Ei) of the main species were estimated. Diets were composed of dry–grassland grasses (37.7%), wet–grassland grasses (36.6%), graminoids (14.3%) and forbs (10.2%). The diet diversity ranged from 0.79 (dry–winter) to 0.87 (wet–summer). The main dominant grassland species obtained negative Ei values. The annual mean value of [NF] was estimated as 1.82%, with a higher value in summer months (2.21%), which coincides with the physiological states of higher nutritional demand. The vicuñas behave like generalist ungulates, having a high degree of selectivity towards grass species, which mostly fulfill a nutritional role in subsistence and a functional role in survival, applying foraging strategies that allow them to obtain a better quality diet during the season of greatest nutritional demand.

Presentamos el primer registro de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infectando poblaciones amenazadas del sapito de panza roja de Tandil (Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis). Obtuvimos muestras de hisopados de piel de 32 individuos cuyos resultados indicaron una prevalencia del 35.5% y niveles de infección que variaron entre 0.34-915 equivalentes genómicos de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Este hallazgo representa una nueva amenaza que, conjuntamente con la alta fragmentación del hábitat, podría estar afectando la viabilidad de las poblaciones estudiadas. We present the first record of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infecting endangered populations of the Tandilean Red-belly toad (Melanophryniscus aff. montevidensis). We obtained skin swab samples of 32 individuals. The prevalence was 35.5% and the infection levels varied between 0.34 and 915 Bd-genomic equivalents. This finding represents a new threat that could be affecting, in conjunction with the high habitat fragmentation, the viability of the studied populations. Fil: Agostini, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Cortelezzi, Agustina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Berkunsky, Igor. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Soler, Gabriela. Instituto Superior de Formación Docente y Técnica Nº 10 “Dr. Osvaldo Zarini”; Argentina Fil: Burrowes, Patricia. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto Rico

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T13:51:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-19T14:08:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-69842003000400010.pdf: 1463760 bytes, checksum: 9ab3d85dbeec4c05d7ab32bb08b2ab33 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Doze segmentos de riachos foram amostrados quatro vezes em 1998-1999 (uma amostragem em cada estação) na bacia de drenagem do alto rio São Francisco (19o45’-21o25’S, 49o05’-51o30’W), situado no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, em altitudes de 1.175 a 1.400 m. O levantamento das macroalgas resultou em 30 espécies, com predominância de Cyanophyta (12 espécies = 40%) e Chlorophyta (11 espécies = 36,5%) e menor proporção de Rhodophyta (sete espécies = 23,5%). Duas espécies, Klebsormidium rivulare (Chlorophyta) e Kyliniella latvica (Rhodophyta), constituem novos registros para o Brasil. Capsosira sp. e Stigonema sp. (Cyanophyta) e o estágio “Chantransia” de Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta) foram as macroalgas mais amplamente distribuídas, ocorrendo em 6 pontos de amostragem, enquanto 11 espécies foram encontradas em apenas um ponto. As proporções de tipos morfológicos de macroalgas foram as seguintes: emaranhado de filamentos (33%), filamentos livres (27%), filamentos gelatinosos (7%), crostas (7%) e tufos e colônias gelatinosas (3%). A flora teve poucas espécies em comum (4%-8%) com macroalgas lóticas de outras regiões brasileiras. As comunidades de macroalgas mostraram-se ricas, com valores de riqueza de espécies próximos aos mais altos anteriormente reportados. Os padrões típicos para comunidades de macroalgas lóticas de distribuição em mosaico e dominância de poucas espécies também foram encontrados nessa bacia. Entretanto, as variáveis ambientais mais influentes sobre a distribuição de macroalgas neste estudo (substrato rochoso, baixos valores de pH e altos de DQO, cor da água e velocidade da correnteza) foram essencialmente as mesmas que melhor descreveram as características limnológicas desse ecossistema lótico. Além disso, essa combinação de variáveis foi nitidamente diferente dos resultados de estudos anteriores em outros ecossistemas lóticos brasileiros. Twelve stream segments were sampled four times in 1998-1999 (one sampling per season) in the drainage basin of the upper São Francisco River (19 masculine 45'-21 masculine 25'S, 49 masculine 05'-51 masculine 30'W), situated in Serra da Canastra National Park, at altitudes ranging from 1,175 to 1,400 m. The macroalgae survey resulted in 30 species, with a predominance of Cyanophyta (12 species = 40%) and Chlorophyta (11 species = 36.5%) and a lower proportion of Rhodophyta (seven species = 23.5%). Two species, Klebsormidium rivulare (Chlorophyta) and Kyliniella latvica (Rhodophyta), were new records for Brazil. Capsosira sp. and Stigonema sp. (Cyanophyta) and the Chantransia stage of Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta) were the most widespread macroalgae, occurring in six sampling sites, whereas 11 species were found at only one site. The proportion of macroalgal morphological types were as follows: mats (33%), free filaments (27%), gelatinous filaments (27%), crusts (7%), tufts (3%), and gelatinous colonies (3%). The flora revealed few species in common (4%-8%) with stream macroalgae from other Brazilian regions. The macroalgal communities proved to have species richness values close to the highest values reported in previous studies. The patterns typical for stream macroalgal communities (patchy distribution and dominance of few species) were also found in this basin. However, the stream variables most influential in macroalgal distribution in this study (rocky substratum, low pH, high COD, water color, and current velocity) were essentially the same that best describe the limnological characteristics of this lotic ecosystem. In addition, this combination of variables differed sharply from results of previous studies in other Brazilian stream ecosystems. Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO) Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas de São José do Rio Preto FAPESP: 1998/01108-8 CNPq: 520551/96-6 CNPq: 300128/97-5 CNPq: 520257/01-4

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:52:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:52:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) S0100-84042008000100012.pdf.txt: 45326 bytes, checksum: 6093c4d129316c136dc53deb562ca3ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:03:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) S0100-84042008000100012.pdf.txt: 45326 bytes, checksum: 6093c4d129316c136dc53deb562ca3ae (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042008000100012.pdf: 146752 bytes, checksum: b4176644793ea0826a83cb28a77a42f6 (MD5) S0100-84042008000100012.pdf.txt: 45326 bytes, checksum: 6093c4d129316c136dc53deb562ca3ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (PNI) inclui duas formações vegetais brasileiras em seus limites: floresta pluvial tropical atlântica (MA) e campos de altitude (CA). Foram amostrados 14 pontos, sete em cada formação vegetal, em duas estações do ano (verão e inverno). Foram encontradas 29 espécies de macroalgas, sendo 15 espécies em MA e 19 espécies em CA, com apenas cinco espécies em comum. A riqueza de espécies por ponto de amostragem variou de 1 a 7 (2,9 ± 2,0), o índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H') de 0 a 0,94 (0,24 ± 0,26) e a cobertura percentual de 0 a 35% (14,0 ± 12,5%). Estes valores situaram-se dentro da amplitude reportada em trabalhos prévios sobre macroalgas lóticas. A análise de regressão múltipla revelou que as variações de temperatura explicaram 39,2% da variação da abundância e 35,5% da riqueza de espécies a ainda que 54,8% da variação da diversidade foi explicada por Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e pH. Análise de grupamento das comunidades de macroalgas do PNI não agrupou pontos das mesmas regiões (MA e CA). Análise de Componentes Principais separou claramente os pontos amostrados das regiões de MA e CA, bem como das estações do ano estudadas (inverno e verão), influenciados mais fortemente pela temperatura, sombreamento, pH, altitude, potássio e DQO. Os padrões gerais de distribuição em mosaico e dominância por poucas espécies descritos para comunidades de macroalgas lóticas foram corroborados pelos dados do PNI, sugerindo que parecem ser universais para tais comunidades. Itatiaia National Park (INP) includes two kinds of Brazilian vegetation within its limits: Atlantic tropical rainforest (AF) and highland grassland (HG). Fourteen sites were sampled, seven in each region (AF and HG), in two seasons (summer and winter). Twenty nine species of macroalgae were surveyed, from which 15 in AF and 19 in HG, with only five species in common. Species richness per sampling site ranged from 1 to 7 (2.9 ± 2.0), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') from 0 to 0.94 (0.24 ± 0.26) and percent cover from 0 to 35% (14.0 ± 12.5%). These values fitted within the range reported in previous studies on lotic macroalgae. Multiple regression analysis revealed that temperature variations accounted for 39.2% of abundance and 35.5% of species richness variations and also that 54.8% of diversity variations were explained by variations of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and pH. Cluster analysis of macroalgal communities of INP did not group sites from the same regions (AF and HG). Principal Component Analysis clearly separated the sampling sites of the two regions, as well as of the two seasons (summer and winter), mostly influenced by temperature, shading, pH, altitude, potassium and COD. The general patterns of patchy distribution and dominance by few species described for lotic macroalgal communities were corroborated by data from INP, suggesting that they seem to be universal for such communities. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica