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Accurate prediction of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on symptoms can be a cost-efficient tool for remote screening in healthcare settings with limited SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity. We used a machine learning approach to determine self-reported symptoms that best predict a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result in physician trainees from a large healthcare system in New York. We used survey data on symptoms history and SARS-CoV-2 testing results collected retrospectively from 328 physician trainees in the Mount Sinai Health System, over the period 1 February 2020 to 31 July 2020. Prospective data on symptoms reported prior to SARS-CoV-2 test results were available from the employee health service COVID-19 registry for 186 trainees and analyzed to confirm absence of recall bias. We estimated the associations between symptoms and IgG antibody and/or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test results using Bayesian generalized linear mixed effect regression models adjusted for confounders. We identified symptoms predicting a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Cough, chills, fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, loss of smell, loss of taste, malaise and runny nose were associated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. Loss of taste, myalgia, loss of smell, cough and fever were identified as key predictors for a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result in the XGBoost model. Inclusion of sociodemographic and occupational risk factors in the model improved prediction only slightly (from AUC = 0.822 to AUC = 0.838). Loss of taste, myalgia, loss of smell, cough and fever are key predictors for symptom-based screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare settings with remote screening and/or limited testing capacity.

International audience; Introduction: With recent higher awareness of the necessity of improving healthcare workers' well-being, we aimed to overview systematic reviews dealing with interventions on well-being, occupa-tional health, and aging of healthcare workers. Methods: From three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science), a scoping review of systematic reviews was carried out to determine current knowledge on interventions focused on the well-being or aging of healthcare workers. Only systematic reviews were considered, with appropriate extraction and quality evaluation. Results: Of the total of 445 references identified, 10 systematic reviews were included, mostly published since 2019. Nurses were the most frequent targets of interventions, and mental health was the main outcome described. The overall level of quality was also heterogenous, with high to low-quality reviews. Conclusions: Workers' mental health well-being was the major outcome targeted by intervention, with varying level of evidence. Further studies are needed with integrative approaches on global health and life course perspectives, with a focus on the plurality of settings, worker types, and women. (c) 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Amaç: Bu çalışma COVID-19 salgını sürecinde çalışan sağlık personelinin beslenme alışkanlıklarındaki değişiklikleri değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ankara ilinde çalışan, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden, soruları eksiksiz yanıtlayan 200 sağlık personeli dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada bireylerin sosyo demografik özellikleri, genel sağlık durumları, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve antropometrik ölçümleri sorgulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS adlı paket program kullanılarak yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Bireylerin %84,5’i kadın, %15,5’i erkektir. Çalışmaya katılan erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 29,68±6,75 yıl, kadınların ise 31,31±8,95 yıldır. Erkeklerde Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ kg/m2) ortalaması 25,60±3,00kg/m2; kadınlarda 23,03±3,40’kg/m2’dir. Bireylerin %56,5’inin günlük ana öğün tüketimi üç öğündür. Stres durumunda, erkeklerin %54,8’inin, kadınların %61,5’inin yemek tüketiminin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin %19,5’i bitkisel ürün kullanmaktadır. En sık kullanılan ürünlerin, D vitamini (%40,4) ile C vitamini (%26,6) olduğu belirlenmiştir. COVID-19 pandemisinde bireylerin gece yeme ve dışarıdan yemek yeme alışkanlığının sırasıyla %51,0 ve %56,5 oranında arttığı saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Pandemi döneminde bireylerin yeterli ve dengeli beslenmelerinin sağlanması ve bağışıklık sistemi normal fonksiyonlarını sürdürebilmesi için sağlıklı beslenme farkındalığının artırılması gerekmektedir. Pandemi döneminin beslenme alışkanlıklarındaki etkileri hakkında daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır., Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in the nutritional habits of health personnel working during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In this study 200 health personnel working in the province of Ankara, who agreed to participate in the study and answered the questions completely, were included. Socio-demographic characteristics, general health status, nutritional habits and anthropometric measurements of the individuals were questioned. Statistical analyzes were made using a package program called SPSS.Results: When gender distribution was examined. 84,5% of the individuals were female and 15,5% were male. The mean age of the men participating in the study was 29,68±6,75 years, while the women were 31,31±8,95 years. Average BMI (kg/m2) in men was 25,60±3,00kg/m2; it is 23,03±3,40kg/m2 in women. The daily main meal consumption of 56,5% of the individuals is three meals. It was determined that the food consumption of 54,8% of men and 61,5% of women decreased in case of stress. 19,5% of individuals use herbal products, It was determined that the most frequently used products were vitamin D (40,4%) and vitamin C (26,6%). In the COVID-19 pandemic, it was determined that individuals' night eating and eating out habits increased by 51,0% and 56,5%, respectively.Conclusion: It is necessary to increase awareness of healthy nutrition in order to ensure adequate and balanced nutrition of individuals and to maintain normal functions of the immune system during the pandemic period. More studies are needed on the effects of the pandemic period on nutritional habits.

In this study, it was aimed to examine the attitudes of health professionals in the operating room towards patient safety. The descriptive study was conducted with 201 healthcare professionals working in the operating room between 15 August 2020 and 15 March 2021. 73.6% of the participants were women, 53.2% were undergraduate graduates, 65.7% were operating room nurses. The total mean score of the Scale of Safety Attitudes in the Operating Room was 58.67 ± 13.62. While our participants scored above the average in most of the sub-dimensions of the scale, they got low scores in the dimension of determining the stress level. It was determined that the safety attitudes of the operating room technicians, health vocational high school/associate degree graduates, and the participants whose daily number of surgical interventions was 0-9 in their institution were higher. It was determined that the safety attitudes of the participants, who thought that they could rest enough outside of working hours and whose needs were taken into account in determining the in-service training programs, had higher scores. The concept of patient safety, which forms the basis of safe surgery and is one of the quality indicators, is very important for healthcare professionals in the operating room. It has been determined that the safety attitudes of health professionals in the operating room should be improved., Çalışmadaameliyathanedeki sağlık profesyonellerinin hasta güvenliğine ilişkin tutumlarının incelenmesi amaçlandı. Tanımlayıcı tipte olan çalışma 15 Ağustos 2020– 15 Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında ameliyathanede çalışan 201 sağlık profesyoneli ile gerçekleştirildi. Katılımcıların %73,6’sı kadın, %53,2’si lisans mezunu, %65,7’si ameliyathane hemşiresiydi. Ameliyathanede Güvenlik Tutumları Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 58,67 ± 13,62’dir. Katılımcılarımız ölçeğin alt boyutlarının çoğunluğunda ortalamanın üzerinde puanlar alırken, stres düzeyinin belirlenmesi boyutunda düşük puan aldılar. Ameliyathane teknikerlerinin, sağlık meslek lisesi/ön lisans mezunlarının ve kurumunda günlük gerçekleştirilen cerrahi girişim sayısı 0-9 olan katılımcıların güvenlik tutumlarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Çalışma saatleri dışında yeterince dinlenebildiğini düşünen ve hizmet içi eğitim programlarının belirlenmesinde gereksinimleri dikkate alınan katılımcıların güvenlik tutumları puanının daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Güvenli cerrahinin temelini oluşturan ve kalite göstergelerinden birisi olan hasta güvenliği kavramı ameliyathanedeki sağlık profesyonelleri için oldukça önemlidir. Ameliyathanedeki sağlık profesyonellerinin güvenlik tutumlarının geliştirilmesi gerektiği saptanmıştır.

Background: Healthcare workers perform an emotionally exhausting daily work activity, making them prone to occupational hazards, namely psychosocial ones. This study aims to assess the impact of psychosocial risk factors on healthcare workers' mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed between May and June of 2021 with 479 healthcare workers from Portuguese hospitals. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale was used to assess mental health, and psychosocial risks were assessed through the Health and Work Survey – INSAT. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the psychosocial risk factors related to anxiety, depression, and stress. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression was performed to identify the models that better explained psychosocial risk factors' relationship with anxiety, depression, and stress. Results: Data showed a strong exposure to psychosocial risks. Work pace and intensity, work relationships, and emotional demands stood out with higher global average percentages for yes answers to “exposure and discomfort.” The analysis of the β values and p-values from the multiple linear regression shows that some cross-sectional psychosocial risks are predictors of anxiety and stress dimensions, and other psychosocial risks differ in the two mental health dimensions. However, it is important to highlight that healthcare workers still showed great joy and pleasure in performing their work activities. Conclusion: Support network development in the work environment is needed to prevent healthcare workers' emotional stress and promote their psychological well-being. Therefore, new research is essential to understand the psychosocial risks that affect healthcare workers and assess the less visible effects of work–health relationships., (undefined)

Tuberculosis, which is an infectious airborne disease remained the main leading cause of death in South Africa for three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018. In 2020 alone, the country had an estimated 328,000 people who suffered from TB, with 61,000 dying from it. Collins Chabane Municipality had 129 and 192 new TB cases recorded in 2017 and 2018, respectively, which is far from reaching the END TB STRATEGY targets. WHO scientific evidence demonstrates that TB control measures are effective in reducing the spread and development of new cases. Though scientific evidence revealed negative attitudes towards the recommended TB control measures in public hospitals of the Vhembe district, a deeper understanding of these attitudes is needed to remedy the situation. This study aimed to describe healthcare workers’ perceptions of TB control measures at Collins Chabane Municipality in South Africa. A qualitative, exploratory case study design was adopted. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select both the healthcare facilities and the participants. Only 24 healthcare workers trained on tuberculosis management were voluntarily recruited. However, data were saturated at the twelfth (12) participant purposively selected from six healthcare facilities of Collins Chabane Municipality. Data collected through unstructured in-depth individual interviews were analyzed thematically. The proposal for this study was ethically cleared by the University of Venda Ethics Committee (SHS/20/PDC/35/1111). Results indicate that TB administrative, environmental and respiratory control measures are well understood by health workers even though there are challenges with implementation concerning some, such as closing windows during winter, UVGI lights that are non-functional and taking too long to be fixed, no specimen collection during weekends and holidays thereby delaying TB diagnosis and lack of skills concerning how to use respirators and cough etiquette. The Vhembe district TB control programme should intensify infection control training and continue monitoring giving the needed support.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of vaccination on age, mortality, and healthcare workers among patients followed in the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit. Methods: We examined age, gender, occupation, demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases, hemogram, biochemistry parameters, coagulation tests, morbidity–mortality characteristics of 548 patients in Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital COVID-19 intensive care unit admitted between March and October 2021. In addition, the vaccination status of the patients and the type of vaccination were recorded via the Ministry of Health Vaccine Tracking System (VTS). Within the vaccine follow-up system, patients who received at least 2 doses of vaccine 4 weeks prior to study were considered vaccinated. Results: The data of 548 patients in the COVID-19 intensive care unit between March 2021 and October 2021 were analyzed. The mortality rate was 50.7% (n = 278). It was determined that 428 (78.1%) of the patients followed in the COVID-19 intensive care unit were not vaccinated. In terms of age distribution, the number of patients under the age of 65 was 357 (65.1%), while the number of patients aged 65 and over was 191 (34.9%). When mortality rates were compared based on vaccination status, the mortality rate in the unvaccinated group was found to be statistically significantly higher than in the vaccinated group (p < 0.05). Mortality rate in the vaccinated group was 12.5% whereas it was 61.4% in the unvaccinated group. Conclusions: Vaccination to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces intensive care unit admission and reduces mortality rates. Being unvaccinated increases hospitalization and mortality in intensive care units in addition to carrying risks for all age groups.

International audience; Study objective: Assess the changes in anxiety, depression, and stress levels over time and identify risk factors among healthcare workers in French emergency departments (EDs) during the first COVID-19 outbreak.Method: A prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 4 EDs and an emergency medical service (SAMU). During 3 months, participants completed fortnightly questionnaires to assess anxiety, depression, and stress using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression and the Chamoux-Simard scale. The changes in anxiety, depression, and stress levels over time were modelled by a linear mixed model including a period effect and a continuous time effect within periods.Results: A total of 211 respondents (43.5 %) completed the survey at inclusion. There was a decrease in mean anxiety (from 7.33 to 5.05, p < 0.001), mean depression (from 4.16 to 3.05, p = 0.009), mean stress at work (from 41.2 to 30.2, p = 0.008), and mean stress at home (from 33.0 to 26.0, p = 0.031) at the beginning of each period. The mean anxiety level was higher for administrative staff (+0.53) and lower for paramedics (-0.61, p = 0.047) compared to physicians. The anxiety level increased with the number of day and night shifts (0.13/day, p < 0.001, 0.12/night, p = 0.025) as did stress at work (1.6/day, p < 0.001, 1.1/night, p = 0.007). Reassigned healthcare workers were at higher risk of stress particularly compared to SAMU workers (stress at work: p = 0.015, at home: p = 0.021, in life in general: p = 0.018).Conclusion: Although anxiety, depression, and stress decreased over time, anxiety was higher among physicians and administrative staff. Reassignment and working hours were identified as potential risk factors for mental health distress in EDs.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04383886.

Aim: To identify the causes of violence in the emergency department and suggest ways to reduce the violence experienced. Material and Method: The population of this cross-sectional survey study consisted of all emergency medicine physicians who participated in the symposium on frequent emergencies held in Cyprus on May 6, 2022. The survey consisted of a total of 20 items comprising 16 multiple-choice and four fill-in-the-blank questions related to demographic characteristics and violence. It was administered to 230 physicians who volunteered to participate in the study. Results: A total of 230 physicians, 65.2% (n=150) male and 34.8% (n=80) female, participated in the study. It was determined that 28.7% of the participants had been exposed to physical violence, 89.2% to verbal violence, and 1.3% to sexual violence within the last year. The factors causing violence were identified as the low educational level of patients’ and their family members, patient requests for unnecessary medical practices, aggressive nature of family members, and patients’ desire to be examined before their turn. As the number of shifts worked by the physicians and number of treated patients increased, the frequency of exposure to violence also increased. Women were exposed to more violence. As the title and age of the physicians increased, the frequency of exposure to violence decreased. Conclusion: We consider that violence against physicians can be reduced by informing patients and patient’s relatives and improving the working conditions of physicians.

Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in administration and patient management during COVID-19 pandemic are at high risk of developing psychological problems related to fear and stress of contacting COVID infection. This is augmented by the stigma faced at home and society, owing to the nature of their job. Aim To assess the mental health issues and stigma amongst health care workers involved in COVID care. Methodology We conducted a hospital based cross sectional study where 150 health care workers involved in the care of COVID-19 patients, directly and indirectly, were selected using systematic random sampling. They were assessed using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) Hindi Version, The Impact of Event Scale - Revised scale and a Modified Stigma scale. Results Significant psychological stress, anxiety, depression and high risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder was found in more than half of the healthcare workers, albeit more in those having direct contact with COVID patients (p

Nous avons comparé les résultats cliniques de l'infection à la Covid-19 parmi les personnels de la santé masculins et féminins, suivis pendant les trois premiers mois après l'épidémie de COVID-19 en Italie. La population étudiée était composée de 64 des 3585 travailleurs de la santé qui ont développé une infection au COVID-19. Les sujets qui ont signalé une dyspnée et/ou qui ont dû être hospitalisés ont été classés dans le groupe « maladie grave ». Les travailleurs de la santé qui ont signalé la présence de symptômes mineurs (comme fièvre, toux sèche, etc.) sans avoir besoin d’une hospitalisation ont été inclus dans le groupe « maladie bénigne ». Les personnels asymptomatiques à la COVID-19 étaient respectivement de 19 % et 25,6 % dans les groupes d'hommes et de femmes. Les hommes présentaient un taux plus élevé de symptômes graves (47.1%, Vs 15.6%). Aussi, parmi les travailleurs symptomatiques, les hommes ont eu besoin d'unehospitalisation plus fréquemment que les femmes (52.9% Vs 15.1%). Utilisant une régression logistique binaire, avec la prévalence de « symptômes graves » comme variable dépendante et « sexe » et « âge » comme variable indépendante, l’odds ratio H/F était égal à 4,8 (IC 1.247, 18.482), tandis que « âge » ne semblait pas avoir un rôle. Malgré les limites liées à la petite taille de la population étudiée, nos résultats confirment que les soignants hommes sont plus susceptibles que les femmes d'avoir des pires résultats cliniques.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) transmission significantly affected Healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. As a result, they have paid a heavy toll to the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the literature on its transmission routes and risk factors in HCWs is limited. The aim. The authors seek to characterize and know the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 infection in the HCWs of our hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by the authors. Staff records and virology testing results were used to identify SARS-CoV-2 positive HCWs and study the demographic characteristics and transmission dynamics over one and a half years. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: A total of 169 healthcare workers were positive for SARS-CoV-2. 6 doctors were positive from non-clinical branches, and 17 were positive from clinical branches. One health worker also died of cardio-pulmonary compromise. 88.2 % of healthcare workers got infected while managing patient’s positive for COVID-19. The most frequent clinical manifestation was myalgias in 90.53 % of health workers, followed by arthralgia in 86.98 %. The least common symptoms were loss of taste/smell followed by radiographic changes, and only 19 (11.24 %) presented with shortness of breath. 79.88 % have taken self-medication to relieve COVID symptoms. Maximum number of health workers got infected from July to September. Conclusions: Universal masking, reinforcement of hand hygiene, PPE kits with medical masks, appropriate infection control measures and testing of both clinical and non-clinical staff were essential measures for reducing transmission amongst HCWs

Introducción: el estado epiléptico es una emergencia con serias implicaciones a nivel social y económico, cuando no se maneja de manera adecuada puede llevar a la muerte. Debe abordarse por el primer especialista que tenga contacto con el paciente. En Colombia no hay estudios acerca de la adherencia a guías de práctica clínica. Objetivo: evaluar cuál es el conocimiento acerca del estado epiléptico en residentes de especialidades médico quirúrgicas en Colombia. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta por medio de formulario google, diseñada con base en las guías de práctica clínica rutinaria para el manejo de esta patología. Resultados: respondieron la encuesta 76 residentes de neurología, medicina interna, medicina de urgencias y cuidado crítico, la edad más frecuente fue 26 a 31 años, con una relación hombre mujer de 46/54%. Discusión: las preguntas concernientes a las definiciones operativas y a los tiempos de acción fueron las que tuvieron una mejor consistencia al responderse, hay una importante falencia en la selección y uso de medicamentos anticrisis en el contexto del estado epiléptico, por lo que es importante fortalecer la educación médica en éstos aspectos académicos.

Background: The study aims to investigate the willingness of physicians for the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, factors contributing to their attitude, and the effects of vaccination on their mental health. It is conducted online with physicians between February 17 and March 17, 2021, corresponding to a period of at least 1 month after the first dosage. Methods: Sociodemographic and professional characteristics are investigated along with coronavirus disease 2019 experiences. The Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale, Attitudes Toward the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale are given to evaluate the effects on mental health. Results: Among 578 participants, the total vaccination rate was 91.5\% and the main reason for non-vaccination is being already infected by coronavirus disease 2019. Vaccination affected mental health positively in more than half of the participants (59.2\% in the vaccinated group). Advanced age (odds ratio= 0.985, P < .05), positive attitude toward vaccination (odds ratio=0.918, P < .001), and high fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (odds ratio=0.937, P= .001) were among the predictors of being positively affected by the vaccination. Fear of coronavirus disease 2019 was positively correlated with hopelessness (r = .239, P < .001), depression (r = 0.387, P < .001), and anxiety (r = 0.531, P < .001). The negative thoughts about the vaccination were found to be correlated with hopelessness levels (r=-0.093, P < .05). Conclusions: Physicians have positive attitudes toward vaccination and vaccination has positive effects on their mental health. As vaccination is a key point during the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, studies on vaccination and its effects on mental health gained importance. The role of physicians in this regard is inevitable.

Background Clinical guidelines on infection control strategies in healthcare workers (HCWs) play an important role in protecting them during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Poorly constructed guidelines that are incomprehensive and/or ambiguous may compromise HCWs’ safety. Objective The objective of this study was to develop and validate a tool to appraise guidelines on infection control strategies in HCWs based on the guidelines published early in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Design, setting, and outcomes A three-stage, web-based, Delphi consensus-building process among a panel of diverse HCWs and healthcare managers was performed. The tool was validated by appraising 40 international, specialty-specific, and procedure-specific guidelines along with national guidelines from countries with a wide range of gross national income. Results Overall consensus (≥75%) was reached at the end of three rounds for all six domains included in the tool. The Delphi panel recommended an ideal infection control guideline should encompass six domains: general characteristics (domain 1), engineering recommendations (domain 2), personal protective equipment (PPE) use (domain 3), and administrative aspects (domain 4-6) of infection control. The appraisal tool performed well across the six domains, and the inter-rater agreement was excellent for the 40 guidelines. All included guidelines performed relatively better in domains 1–3 than in domains 4–6, and this was more evident in guidelines originating from lower income countries. Conclusion The guideline appraisal tool was robust and easy to use. Engineering recommendations aspects of infection control, administrative measures that promote optimal PPE use, and HCW wellbeing were generally lacking in assessed guidelines. This tool may enable health systems to adopt high-quality HCW infection control guidelines during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic and may also provide a framework for future guideline development.

Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) compared with no treatment in healthcare workers with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Prospective, non-randomized study. All health professionals with confirmed COVID-19 between April 7 and May 6, 2020, non-requiring initial hospitalization were asked to participate. Patients who accepted treatment were given HCQ for five days (loading dose of 400 mg q12 h the first day followed by200 mg q12 h). Control group included patients with contraindications for HCQ or who rejected treatment. Study outcomes were negative conversion and viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, symptoms duration and disease progression. Result Overall, 142 patients were enrolled: 87 in treatment group and 55 in control group. The median age was 37 years and 75% were female, with few comorbidities. There were no significant differences in time to negative conversion of PCR between both groups. The only significant difference in the probability of negative conversion of PCR was observed at day 21 (18.7%, 95%CI 2.0–35.4). The decrease of SARS-CoV-2 viral load during follow-up was similar in both groups. A non significant reduction in duration of some symptoms in HCQ group was observed. Two patients with HCQ and 4 without treatment developed pneumonia. No patients required admission to the Intensive Care Unit or died. About 50% of patients presented mild side effects of HCQ, mainly diarrhea. Conclusions Our study failed to show a substantial benefit of HCQ in viral dynamics and in resolution of clinical symptoms in health care workers with mild COVID-19.

Few studies have investigated the effects of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 on health professionals, especially nurses, from the point of view of the protective factors of mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the level of resilience in healthcare workers, to determine whether there were differences between two moments of the pandemic. Applying a longitudinal study, participants (N = 590) from healthcare workers completed surveys in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the second wave. Socio-demographic and psychosocial variables such as resilience, emotional intelligence, optimism, self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression are used. There were differences between the two waves in all protective and risk variables except anxiety. In the first wave, there were three socio-demographic and psychosocial variables that explained 67.1% of the variance in resilience. In the first wave, three sociodemographic and psychosocial variables explained 67.1% of the variance in resilience in healthcare professionals. The enhancement of specific protective variables in healthcare professionals exposed to situations of high emotional stress can minimise the negative impact of the situation and promote more resilient responses in this professional group as a result.

Background While others have reported severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence studies in health care workers (HCWs), we leverage the use of a highly sensitive coronavirus antigen microarray to identify a group of seropositive health care workers who were missed by daily symptom screening that was instituted prior to any epidemiologically significant local outbreak. Given that most health care facilities rely on daily symptom screening as the primary method to identify SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers, here, we aim to determine how demographic, occupational, and clinical variables influence SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among health care workers. Methods We designed a cross-sectional survey of HCWs for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity conducted from May 15th to June 30th 2020 at a 418-bed academic hospital in Orange County, California. From an eligible population of 5,349 HCWs, study participants were recruited in two ways: an open cohort, and a targeted cohort. The open cohort was open to anyone, whereas the targeted cohort that recruited HCWs previously screened for COVID-19 or work in high-risk units. A total of 1,557 HCWs completed the survey and provided specimens, including 1,044 in the open cohort and 513 in the targeted cohort. Demographic, occupational, and clinical variables were surveyed electronically. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was assessed using a coronavirus antigen microarray (CoVAM), which measures antibodies against eleven viral antigens to identify prior infection with 98% specificity and 93% sensitivity. Results Among tested HCWs (n = 1,557), SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 10.8%, and risk factors included male gender (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05–2.06), exposure to COVID-19 outside of work (2.29, 1.14–4.29), working in food or environmental services (4.85, 1.51–14.85), and working in COVID-19 units (ICU: 2.28, 1.29–3.96; ward: 1.59, 1.01–2.48). Amongst 1,103 HCWs not previously screened, seropositivity was 8.0%, and additional risk factors included younger age (1.57, 1.00-2.45) and working in administration (2.69, 1.10–7.10). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity is significantly higher than reported case counts even among HCWs who are meticulously screened. Seropositive HCWs missed by screening were more likely to be younger, work outside direct patient care, or have exposure outside of work.

The coronavirus pandemic imposed significant changes in the care of patients in psychiatric residential facilities, especially during lockdown periods. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on patients and staff of psychiatric residential facilities (RFs). This cross-sectional survey was conducted between 30 June and 30 July 2021 and involved 31 RFs located in the province of Verona (Italy). In total, 170 staff members and 272 residents participated in this study. Staff showing clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, depression and burnout were, respectively, 7.7%, 14.2% and 6%. Staff were concerned about the risk that COVID-19 infection might spread among residents (67.6%) and that residents could not receive an acceptable service due to service reconfiguration because of the pandemic (50.3%). Residents found it very unpleasant not to be permitted to attend family members (85.3%), and not to be allowed to engage in outdoor activities due to the restrictions (84%). Both staff and residents agree that the main problematic areas for the residents was the interdiction to meet family members or friends and the interdiction to outdoor activities, whereas problems related to the COVID-19 infection were considered by the staff members as more frequently problematic than reported by residents. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the rehabilitation care and recovery journeys of the residents of psychiatric RFs. Therefore, sustained, and careful attention is needed to ensure that the rehabilitation needs of people with severe mental disorders are not neglected in time of pandemics.

This study was examined the attitude of COVID-19 vaccination among health care workers in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State. A cross sectional design was adopted to explain the attitude and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine with the 830 health care workers. The sample size was 515 health care workers which was 62% of the population of the study. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted for the study which were in three stages. The instrument for data collection was self-structured questionnaire designed by the researcher titled Attitude towards COVID19 Vaccine Questionnaire (ACOVID-19VQ). Person Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was used to test the reliability co-efficient of 0.84 was obtained used for the study. Data collected from this study were coded and analysed using Statistical Products Service Solution version 25.0. The result showed that the grand mean = 1.97 is greater than the criterion mean of 1.50 indicating that respondents had positive attitude towards Covid-19 vaccination. The finding of the study showed that there is significant difference between gender (p

Background Healthcare workers play an important part in the delivery of health insurance benefits, and their role in ensuring service quality and availability, access, and good management practice for insured clients is crucial. Tanzania started a government-based health insurance scheme in the 1990s. However, no studies have specifically looked at the experience of healthcare professionals in the delivery of health insurance services in the country. This study aimed to explore healthcare workers’ experiences and perceptions of the provision of health insurance benefits for the elderly in rural Tanzania. Methods An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in the rural districts of Igunga and Nzega, western-central Tanzania. Eight interviews were carried out with healthcare workers who had at least three years of working experience and were involved in the provision of healthcare services to the elderly or had a certain responsibility with the administration of health insurance. The interviews were guided by a set of questions related to their experiences and perceptions of health insurance and its usefulness, benefit packages, payment mechanisms, utilisation, and availability of services. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results Three categories were developed that describe healthcare workers´ experiences and perceptions of delivering the benefits of health insurance for the elderly living in rural Tanzania. Healthcare workers perceived health insurance as an important mechanism to increase healthcare access for elderly people. However, alongside the provision of insurance benefits, several challenges coexisted, such as a shortage of human resources and medical supplies as well as operational issues related to delays in funding reimbursement. Conclusion While health insurance was considered an important mechanism to facilitate access to care among rural elderly, several challenges that impede its purpose were mentioned by the participants. Based on these, an increase in the healthcare workforce and availability of medical supplies at the health-centre level together with expansion of services coverage of the Community Health Fund and improvement of reimbursement procedures are recommended to achieve a well-functioning health insurance scheme.

Background Smell and taste loss are highly prevalent symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although few studies have employed objective measures to quantify these symptoms, especially dysgeusia. Reports of unrecognized anosmia in COVID-19 patients suggests that self-reported measures are insufficient for capturing patients with chemosensory dysfunction. Objectives The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of recent COVID-19 infection on chemosensory function and demonstrate the use of at-home objective smell and taste testing in an at-risk population of healthcare workers. Methods Two hundred and fifty healthcare workers were screened for possible loss of smell and taste using online surveys. Self-administered smell and taste tests were mailed to respondents meeting criteria for elevated risk of infection, and one-month follow-up surveys were completed. Results Among subjects with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, 73% reported symptoms of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. Self-reported smell and taste loss were both strong predictors of COVID-19 positivity. Subjects with evidence of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (

International audience; OBJECTIVES: Healthcare workers (HCWs), at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were among the primary targets for vaccination, which became mandatory for them on September 15th, 2021 in France. In November they were confronted to the fifth COVID-19 wave despite excellent vaccine coverage. We aimed to estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection after complete vaccination among HCWs with different vaccination schemes, and its determinants. METHODS: We enrolled all HCWs in the university hospital of Rennes, France who had received complete vaccination (two doses of COVID-19 vaccine). The delay from last vaccination dose to SARS-CoV-2 infection was computed.Fitted mixed Cox survival model with a random effect applied to exposure risk periods to account for epidemic variation was used to estimate the determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection after complete vaccination. RESULTS: Of the 6674 (82%) HCWs who received complete vaccination (36% BNT162b2, 29% mRNA-1273, and 34% mixed with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) and were prospectively followed-up for a median of 7.0 [6.3-8.0] months, 160 (2.4%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Incidence density of SARS-CoV-2 infection after complete vaccination was 3.39 [2.89-3.96] infections per 1000 person-month. Median time from vaccine completion to SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.5 [3.2-6.6] months. Using fitted mixed Cox regression with the delay as a time-dependent variable and random effect applied to exposure risk periods, age (P

Amaç: Yoğun bakımda çalışan ve çalışmayan sağlık personellerinin COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde tükenmişlik düzeylerinin karşılaştırılmasını amaçladık. Yöntem: Ankete COVID-19 yoğun bakımda çalışan 50, yoğun bakım dışında çalışan 50 sağlık çalışanı katıldı. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde aktif çalışmakta ve araştırmaya gönüllü olan tüm sağlık çalışanları çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışmaya katılan öğretim üyesi, uzman doktor, asistan doktor ve hemşirelerden oluşan toplam 100 sağlık çalışanına 22 sorudan oluşan Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğini içeren bir anket uygulandı. Bulgular: COVID-19 yoğun bakım çalışanlarında Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği puanları daha yüksek olmasına rağmen istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı. Ancak, Maslach ölçeğinin ‘Duyarsızlaşma’ alt ölçek puanları COVID-19 yoğun bakım çalışanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksekti (p=0,039). Yine ankete katılan erkeklerde ‘Duyarsızlaşma’ puanı ortalaması anlamlı yüksekti (p=0,008). Sonuç: Hastanemiz sağlık çalışanları üzerinde yaptığımız bu çalışma, COVID-19’un yoğun bakımda görev yapanlarda orta düzeyde tükenmişlik sendromuna yol açtığını göstermiştir. Objective: We aimed to compare the burnout levels of health professionals working and not working in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Methods: 50 healthcare workers working in COVID-19 intensive care units and 50 healthcare workers working outside of intensive care units were participated in the survey. All healthcare professionals working actively during the COVID-19 pandemic process and volunteering for the research were included in the study. A survey consisting of 22 questions on the Maslach Burnout Scale was applied to a total of 100 healthcare professionals, including faculty members, specialist doctors, assistant doctors and nurses. Results: Although the Maslach Burnout Scale scores were higher in COVID-19 intensive care workers, it was not statistically significant.However, the ‘Depersonalization’ subscale scores of the Maslach scale were found to be statistically significantly higher in COVID-19 intensive care workers (p=0.039). Also, the mean scores of ‘Depersonalization’ were found to be significantly higher in males who participated in the survey (p=0.008). Conclusion: This study, which we conducted on the healthcare professionals of our hospital, showed that COVID-19 causes moderate burnout syndrome in those working in the intensive care unit.

We performed a prospective longitudinal cohort study in two healthcare settings. In total, 909 HCWs out of 3982 (23.35%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 before the vaccination era. Eighty-five per cent of COVID-19 positive HCWs (n = 774) were asymptomatic or mild, and 15% were moderate or severe. The mean age of the infected HCWs in the moderate or severe group was higher than the mild or asymptomatic group (35.4 vs. 31.3 years, p < 0.001). Thirty-two per cent of HCWs were male and the rate of male gender was more frequent in the moderate/severe group (p = 0.009). The rate of those who have cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.003) and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.044) were significantly higher among the HCWs with moderate or severe COVID-19. In multivariate analysis, male gender (OR:1.65, CI:1.11-2.46, p = 0.013), BMI > 30 (OR: 1.9, CI: 1.09-3.51, p = 0.024), and being physician (OR: 2.56, CI:1.45-4.52, p = 0.001) were found to be associated with moderate or severe COVID-19., NA

Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) face a significant risk of exposure to the new SARS-CoV-2 virus due to its high infectivity. This study aimed to determine the mental health consequences of quarantine and the coping strategies used by quarantined healthcare workers (HCW) at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 32 HCWs quarantined due to exposure to confirmed case of COVID-19. The primary outcome variables were the frequency of depression, anxiety, and anxiety-depression. Data was collected with the use of a self-administered questionnaire adapted from the patient health questionnaire-9 and the general anxiety disorder-7 questionnaires respetively. Results: There were 32 quarantined health workers with a mean ± SD age of 32.4 ± 8.4 years, and 59.4% were female. Twenty-three (71.9%) had spent Conclusion: There was a low frequency of anxiety, depression, and anxiety-depression in HCWs who were quarantined as a result of exposure to COVID-19. Health-care managers need to support the establish formal workplace mental health programs to support the psychological well-being of all staff.

Following the availability of new vaccines against COVID-19, in 2021, some countries introduced mandatory vaccination for healthcare professionals caring for patients and frail people. This work highlights the principles of public ethics which, reinforced by some fundamental ethical precepts, make mandatory vaccination legally acceptable. However, there are also problems, linked to the presence of the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy among health professionals, in low percentages but with high incidence. In the context of the care relationship, the ethical tension between the autonomy claimed by the healthcare provider and the patient’s right to safety emerges. Vaccination does not provide absolute protection, but it makes an important contribution to the safety of the care environment. We believe that mandatory vaccination of healthcare professionals is compatible with the ethical precept of protecting the health of the community and the patients entrusted to their care. Individual freedom cannot increase the risk of patients. The ethical perspective suggests that public decision-makers should encourage spontaneous adherence to vaccines as much as possible and adopt the strategy of progressive intervention, inspired by the principle of proportionality.

Background Little is known about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Africa. We sought to understand Malawian healthcare workers’ (HCWs’) COVID-19 vaccination and its hypothesized determinants. Methods In March 2021, as the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out commenced in Malawi, we surveyed clinical and lay cadre HCWs (n=400) about their uptake of the vaccine and potential correlates (informed by the WHO Behavioral and Social Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination framework). We analyzed uptake and used adjusted multivariable logistic regression models to explore how ‘what people think and feel’ constructs were associated with HCWs' motivation to be vaccinated. Results Of the surveyed HCWs, 82.5% had received the first COVID-19 vaccine dose. Motivation (eagerness to be vaccinated) was strongly associated with confidence in vaccine benefits (adjusted OR [aOR] 9.85, 95% CI 5.50 to 17.61) and with vaccine safety (aOR 4.60, 95% CI 2.92 to 7.23), but not with perceived COVID-19 infection risk (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 0.88 to 2.16). Of all the information sources about COVID-19 vaccination, 37.5% were reportedly negative in tone. Conclusions HCWs in Malawi have a high motivation to be vaccinated and a high COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Disseminating vaccine benefits and safety messages via social media and social networks may be persuasive for individuals who are unmotivated to be vaccinated and less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among Healthcare Workers (HCWs). Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study among 3644 HCWs at King Saud Medical City (KSMC) during the last two weeks of December 2020. A Google form survey was used to collect data on demographics, underlying health conditions, job duties, infection control competencies, COVID-19 exposure history, symptoms, and confirmed infections. Findings: 26.5% demonstrated seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 10-fold higher than the national seroprevalence (2.36) conducted in May 2020. Seropositivity was significantly higher among non-Saudi HCWs and participants who lived outside the hospital dormitory p

The Covid-19 outbreak has taken a substantial toll on the mental and physical wellbeing of healthcare workers (HCWs), impacting healthcare systems at a global scale. One year into the pandemic, the need to establish the prevalence of sleep dysfunction and psychological distress in the face of COVID-19, identify risk and protective factors and explore effective countermeasures remains of critical importance. Despite implicit limitations relating to the quality of available studies, a plethora of evidence to-date suggests that a considerable proportion of HCWs experience significant sleep disturbances (estimated to afflict every two in five HCWs) as well as mood symptoms (with more than one in five reporting high levels of depression or anxiety). Younger age, female gender, frontline status, fear or risk of infection, occupation, current or past mental health concerns, and a lower level of social support were all associated with a greater risk of disturbed sleep and adverse psychological outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss the link between sleep deprivation, susceptibility to viral infections and psychosocial wellbeing, in relevance to COVID-19 and summarize the existing evidence regarding the presence and predictors of traumatic stress/PTSD and burnout in HCWs. Finally, we highlight the role of resilience and tailored interventions in order to mitigate vulnerability and prevent long-term physical and psychological implications. Indeed, promoting psychological resilience through an enhanced social support network has proven crucial for HCWs in coping under these strenuous circumstances. Future research should aim to provide high quality information on the long-term consequences and the effectiveness of applied interventions.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO)’s multimodal strategy for improving hand hygiene (HH) compliance was endorsed in 2009 and was implemented by every hospital in Oman. There was variation in adherence to the practice even within the same facility and in sustaining improvement after the intervention. Objectives: Evaluate the impact of national HH role model project on health care worker's immediate and long term compliance with HH practices. Material and methods: A pretest–posttest quasi-experimental observational study was conducted in four hospitals, including 16 (medical/surgical/psychiatry) departments. The study consisted of four phases: Baseline assessment, intervention, three-month post-intervention assessment, and follow-up assessment after 15 months for sustainability. The intervention (role model in hand hygiene) consisted of four components: Leadership involvement as a role model for HH, posting HH messages with photos of role model leaders, a weekly selection of staff as HH role models, and conducting HH education and training from the focal point of each ward/department. Results: There were 5796 observations recorded during the study for Moments 1 and 4 of HH. HCWs’ overall compliance rate significantly increased from a baseline of 52.6% before the intervention to 74.1% after three months from the intervention, and 70.0% on follow-up after more than one year (p 60%) after 15 months from the start of the intervention. The likelihood of improvement in HH compliance with the intervention remained low for the moment before patient contact (AOR, 0.34; 95% CI = 0.27–0.44) during the weekend (AOR, 0.44; 95% CI = 0.32–0.59) in the psychiatry wards (AOR, 0.22; 95% CI = 0.15–0.34) and by the non-medical and nursing professions (AOR, 0.99; 95% CI = 0.61–1.66). Conclusions: Implementation of a role model as a behavioral intervention, in addition to the WHO’s multimodal strategy, successfully improved and sustained HCWs’ HH compliance rates. Understanding healthcare culture in the context of the driving factors of behavioral changes and regular follow-ups are essential to sustain adherence to safe HH practices.

Supplemental digital content is available in the text., Introduction Avoiding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) work-related infection in frontline healthcare workers is a major challenge. A massive training program was launched in our university hospital for anesthesia/intensive care unit and operating room staff, aiming at upskilling 2249 healthcare workers for COVID-19 patients' management. We hypothesized that such a massive training was feasible in a 2-week time frame and efficient in avoiding sick leaves. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study. Training focused on personal protective equipment donning/doffing and airway management in a COVID-19 simulated patient. The educational models used were in situ procedural and immersive simulation, peer-teaching, and rapid cycle deliberate practice. Self-learning organization principles were used for trainers' management. Ordinary disease quantity in full-time equivalent in March and April 2020 were compared with the same period in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Results A total of 1668 healthcare workers were trained (74.2% of the target population) in 99 training sessions over 11 days. The median number of learners per session was 16 (interquartile range = 9–25). In the first 5 days, the median number of people trained per weekday was 311 (interquartile range = 124–385). Sick leaves did not increase in March to April 2020 compared with the same period in the 3 preceding years. Conclusions Massive training for COVID-19 patient management in frontline healthcare workers is feasible in a very short time and efficient in limiting the rate of sick leave. This experience could be used in the anticipation of new COVID-19 waves or for rapidly preparing hospital staff for an unexpected major health crisis.

IntroductionThe psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers has been impacted by the high levels of stress many have experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a brief online course focused on introducing skills that could increase resilience and decreases emotional distress in healthcare workers during the pandemic.Materials and MethodsEmployees of a large healthcare system completed a survey at baseline, one month, and two months later. The online course, called Resilience Training for Healthcare Workers, consists of three 12-20 minute videos focused on evidence-based skills that support aspects of emotional resilience: mindfulness, mentalization, and self-compassion.ResultsA total of 554 participants completed the baseline survey, endorsing moderate to high levels of emotional distress. Of those who completed all three assessments and participated in the course (n = 38), significant improvements in resilience and reductions in emotional distress were found across two months, in comparison to those who did not participate in the course.DiscussionThese findings suggest that a brief, online intervention can improve the mental health of healthcare workers during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives We sought to describe the course and correlates of psychological distress in frontline healthcare workers (FHCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City (NYC). Methods A prospective cohort study of FHCWs at the Mount Sinai Hospital was conducted during the initial 2020 surge (T1) and 7 months later (T2). Psychological distress [i.e., positive screen for pandemic-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and/or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)], occupational and personal exposures to COVID-19, coping strategies, and psychosocial characteristics were assessed. Four courses of psychological distress response were identified: no/minimal, remitted, persistent, and new-onset. Multinomial logistic regression and relative importance analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with courses of distress. Results Of 786 FHCWs, 126 (16.0%) FHCWs had persistent distress; 150 (19.1%) remitted distress; 35 (4.5%) new-onset distress; and 475 (60.4%) no/minimal distress. Relative to FHCWs with no/minimal distress, those with persistent distress reported greater relationship worries [19.8% relative variance explained (RVE)], pre-pandemic burnout (18.7% RVE), lower dispositional optimism (9.8% RVE), less emotional support (8.6% RVE), and feeling less valued by hospital leadership (8.4% RVE). Relative to FHCWs with remitted symptoms, those with persistent distress reported less emotional support (29.7% RVE), fewer years in practice (28.3% RVE), and psychiatric history (23.6% RVE). Conclusions One-fifth of FHCWs in our study experienced psychological distress 7 months following the COVID-19 surge in NYC. Pandemic-related worries, pre-pandemic burnout, emotional support, and feeling valued by leaders were linked to persistent distress. Implications for prevention, treatment, and organizational efforts to mitigate distress in FHCWs are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-022-01832-0.

Recently, Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness has decreased especially against mild disease due to emergence of the Delta variant and waning protection. In this register-based study among healthcare workers in Finland, the vaccine effectiveness of two-dose mRNA vaccine series against SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased from 82% (95% CI 79-85%) 14-90 days after vaccination to 53% (43-62%) after 6 months. Similar trend was observed for other series. Waning was not observed against Covid-19 hospitalization. These results facilitate decision-making of booster doses for healthcare workers.

Introduction/Aim: Burnout syndrome can be defined as a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors associated with the workplace. It is usually manifested as emotional exhaustion, a feeling of reduced personal accomplishment and depersonalization. It most often occurs in people who work intensively with people, especially doctors, teachers, where even 20-30% of employees show some of the symptoms of burnout syndrome at work. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among healthcare workers (doctors and nurses/technicians) in the general hospital of the Health Center Brcko and to identify the predictors of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a feeling of reduced personal accomplishment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during June and July 2018, in the general hospital of the Health Center Brcko. The research included doctors (61) and nurses/technicians (155), aged 18 and older, who were employed full time. All respondents voluntarily agreed to participate anonymously in the research. The data were obtained from the respondents with the help of questionnaires. In addition to the general questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to assess burnout syndrome at work. In the statistical analysis of data, the following methods of descriptive statistics were applied: mean value, standard deviation. T-test for independent samples, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to compare the two groups of respondents. Variables that had p

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are very effective, but some mutations could reduce protection. Here we report a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a P.1.1 variant lacking the Y501 mutation in a vaccinated individual in Italy. Carefully monitoring breakthrough infections is important for assessing viral spreading of potential vaccine-resistant variants.

Burnout is a syndrome that is more common in healthcare professionals. People who have burnout syndrome tend to spend inordinate and unhealthy amounts of time on smartphones. While smartphones offer many conveniences in life, they can turn into an addiction if overused. This study aimed to investigate burnout syndrome and smartphone addiction in healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, medical secretaries, security guards, and cleaning staff, who have been actively working since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The target population included 1190 healthcare workers, from which a total of 183 agreed to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria for participation. A sociodemographic data form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version were used as the data collection tools. Significant differences in burnout syndrome were found in doctors and nurses. A relationship was observed between emotional burnout (EB), desensitization, and smartphone addiction, as well as between higher education levels, doctors and nurses groups, and smartphone addiction. According to the linear regression analysis, it was determined that 17% of the change in the smartphone addiction score was related to age and 16% to education status. Doctors and nurses experience the highest rate of burnout syndrome and smartphone addiction. The healthcare workers who suffered EB and desensitization were more likely to have a smartphone addiction. A correlation may exist between healthcare professionals with higher education levels and the rate of EB, desensitization, and smartphone addiction. Age affects the addiction score.

Background Since the declaration of the novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) and staff in the Emergency Departments (ED) started experiencing feelings of anxiety and fear from the projected exponential spread and the potential burden on the healthcare system and infrastructure. In Lebanon, major local factors contributing to this fear were the rapid escalation of COVID-19 cases across the country, the lack of preparedness, and the shortage of personal protective equipment, in addition to the evolving economic crisis and financial restrictions. This study aims to investigate the immediate psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on ED staff working in a hospital environment in relation to their household income. Methods Self-reported cross-sectional survey was delivered to the frontline staff working at the Department of Emergency Medicine of AUBMC in Beirut, Lebanon. General demographic characteristics, scores of Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), scores of Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and scores of Burnout Measure-Short (BMS) version were collected. Results 74 HCWs (49.6%) participated in the study. The mean age for participants was (31.78 ± 9.49). More than half of the participants were nurses and more than 70% reported a monthly salary of less than 2000 USD. The household income was negatively associated with the participant's scores on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9, but not the BMS. Previous mental health diagnosis was positively associated with the PHQ-9 and BMS scores, while seeking mental health care was negatively associated with the PHQ-9 and BMS scores. Conclusion At our tertiary care center in a low-income, low resource country amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the HCWs reported marked psychological disturbances on different scales. In particular, the financial burden was associated with increased anxiety and clinical depression, but was not associated with burnout.

Our work will systematically map current evidence addressing healthcare-related needs associated with COVID-19 of adult patients, their family members, and the professionals involved in their care, and identify knowledge clusters and research gaps.

Veselības psiholoģija Psiholoģija Health psychology Psychology Veselības aprūpes iestāžu darbinieki (turpmāk - VAD) ir Covid-19 pandēmijas apkarošanas un novēršanas priekšgalā, un ir prioritāra grupa vakcinācijai pret Covid-19. Maģistra darba mērķis ir izpētīt vakcinēšanās pret Covid-19 attieksmi prognozējošos faktorus vakcinētiem VAD Latvijā. Pamatojoties uz iepriekš veiktajiem pētījumiem, Veselības pārliecības modeli un Plānotās uzvedības teoriju tika izstrādāts integratīvais modelis, kuram tika pievienoti tādi mainīgie kā riska uztvere un uzticēšanās farmācijas uzņēmumiem, valdībai un speciālistiem, kā arī demogrāfiski faktori – vecums un izglītība. Darba ietvaros tika izmantots kvantitatīvs pētījuma dizains, neeksperimentāls šķērsgriezuma sakarību pētījums, sekundāri iegūtu datu analīze. Izlasi veidoja 1089 respondenti no Latvijas veselības aprūpes iestādēs strādājošajiem darbiniekiem, kuri bija vakcinēti pret Covid-19 no projekta “Aptauja par veselības aprūpes iestāžu darbinieku attieksmi vakcinēties pret Covid-19” (Lielšvagere-Endele et al., 2021). Respondenti bija vecumā no 18-88 gadiem M=43,05, SD=13,2 no kuriem 173 (15,9%) bija vīrieši un 916 (84,1%) sievietes. Lai izpētītu vakcinēšanās attieksmes prognozējošos faktorus tika izmantota strukturālā vienādojumu modelēšana. Rezultāti uzrādīja, ka vakcinācijas pret Covid-19 attieksmes prognozējošie faktori ir uztvertie ieguvumi, sociālās normas, riska uztvere un uzticēšanās farmācijas uzņēmumiem, valdībai un speciālistiem, kā arī pastarpināti izglītības līmenis un vecums. Secinājumi: Ir noskaidrots, ka pastāv nozīmīgas saistības starp attieksmi pret Covid-19 vakcinēšanos un citiem faktoriem VAD Latvijā. Strukturālā vienādojuma modelēšanas rezultāti uzrāda, ka uztvertie ieguvumi, sociālās normas, riska uztvere un uzticēšanās farmācijas uzņēmumiem, valdībai un speciālistiem, kā arī pastarpināti izglītības līmenis un vecums nozīmīgi prognozē attieksmi pret vakcinēšanos VAD Latvijā. Turpmākos pētījumos vēlams padziļināti pētīt vakcinēšanās attieksmes prognozējošos faktorus VAD Latvijā. Vakcinācijas attieksmes faktoru izpratne, palīdzētu veiksmīgu vakcinācijas stratēģiju izstrādē, lai palielinot vakcinācijas rādītājus varētu palīdzētu aizsargāt iedzīvotājus no Covid-19 izplatības. Healthcare workers are at the forefront of combating and preventing the Covid-19 pandemic and are a priority group for vaccination against Covid-19. The aim of the master's thesis is to study the factors predicting the attitude of vaccination against Covid-19 among vaccinated health care workers in Latvia. Based on previous research, the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior, an integrative model was developed to which variables such as risk perception and trust in pharmaceutical companies, government, and specialists, as well as demographic factors such as age and education were added. Quantitative research design, non-experimental study of cross-sectional relationships, secondary data analysis was used in the work. The sample consisted of 1089 respondents from employees working in health care institutions in Latvia who were vaccinated against Covid-19 from the project "Survey on the attitude of employees of health care institutions to be vaccinated against Covid-19" (Lielšvagere-Endele et al., 2021). The respondents were aged 18-88 years M=43.05, SD=13.2, of which 173 (15.9%) were men and 916 (84.1%) were women. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate predictors of vaccination attitudes. The results showed that perceived benefits, social norms, risk perception, and trust in pharmaceutical companies, government, and professionals, as well as mediated by education level and age, were predictors of attitudes toward vaccination against Covid-19. Conclusions: It has been established that there are significant relationships between the attitude towards the Covid-19 vaccination and other factors of SAD in Latvia. The results of structural equation modeling show that perceived benefits, social norms, risk perception and trust in pharmaceutical companies, the government and specialists, as well as mediated by education level and age significantly predict attitudes towards healthcare workers vaccination in Latvia. In future studies, it is desirable to study in-depth the predictive factors of vaccination attitudes in heatlthcare workers in Latvia. Understanding the factors of vaccination attitudes would help in the development of successful vaccination strategies, so that increasing vaccination rates could help protect the population from the spread of Covid-19.

Māszinības Veselības aprūpe Nursing Studies Health Care Ārstniecības personāla apmierinātība ar darba vidi ir viens no svarīgākajiem faktoriem, kas ietekmē personāla tiešo darba pienākumu veikšanas kvalitāti. No apmierinātības ar darba vidi lielā mērā ir atkarīga arī personāla fiziskā un psihoemocionālā veselība. Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot kāda ir ārstniecības personāla apmierinātība ar darba vidi reģionālajā slimnīcā. Tika izmantota kvantitatīvā pētījuma metode, veikta 210 reģionālajā slimnīcā strādājošu respondentu anketēšana gan tiešsaistē, gan papīra formātā. Pētījuma rezultāti apstiprina izvirzīto hipotēzi- ārstniecības personāla- māsu, māsu palīgu un ārstu apmierinātība ar darba vidi reģionālajā slimnīcā ir atšķirīga. Atšķirības atbildēs vērojamas īpaši salīdzinot ārstus ar māsām un māsu palīgus ar ārstiem. Māsu un māsu palīgu salīdzinājumā netiek novērotas statistiski nozīmīgas atšķirības sniegtajās atbildēs. Darbs sastāv no 38 lappusēm,29 lapaspusēm līdz pielikumiem, septiņām tabulām, 23 izmantotajiem literatūras avotiem, trīs pielikumiem. Satisfaction with work environment is one of most important factors affecting the quality of personal performance of their work duties. Personal physical and psihoemotional health is also depends of the satisfaction with their work environment. The aim of this study is find out the satisfaction with work environment of healthcare workers- nurses, nurses assistant and doctors. The reaserch method is quantitative ,where 210 respondents who works in regional hospital completed questionnaires in online and paper format. The study results confirms the hypothesis- personal satisfaction with work environment in regional hospital is different. Differences in answers are seen especially when comparing nurses with doctors and nurses assistants with doctors. Comparing nurses and nurses asisstants, in they answers are not statistically significant differences. This work contain 38 pages, without appendices 29 pages, seven tables, 23 sources of information and three annexes.

Background: 13 000 cases of skin cancer are diagnosed annually in Ireland, with ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure the strongest risk factor. Public health primary prevention campaigns focus on encouraging safe sun protective measures and skin cancer awareness. We designed a novel, digitally‐animated hospital‐based campaign targeting all aspects of sun‐ protective behaviour. Objectives: To explore the sun‐protective attitudes and behaviours of healthcare workers, and the effect of a digital hospital‐based campaign on these findings. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional prospective observational study involving hospital staff across the six hospitals that form the University of Limerick Hospital Group (ULHG). A two‐phase online survey, the first taking place before campaign launch, and the second upon campaign completion. The digital campaign was displayed across all hospital sites from June to September 2021. Surveys comprised questions on sun‐related attitudes and behaviours, including the internationally validated Sun Exposure Pro?tection Index (SEPI) questionnaire. Results: Eight hundred fifty‐seven staff members completed survey 1 and 704 completed survey 2; 90% in each were female; 79% were aged 25–54; 71% reported skin types I–III. Best sun‐protective habits pre‐campaign included sunscreen use and avoiding sunburn, while wearing hats, pro?tective clothing and seeking shade were least adopted. For 177 matched participants, there were small improvements in SEPI scores. SEPI Part 1 scores, reflecting improved risk behaviour, pre‐campaign had a median of 11 (IQR 7), and 11 (IQR 6) post campaign. SEPI Part 2 scores, reflecting readiness to adopt sun‐protective behaviours, improved from median 7 (IQR 8) to 6 (IQR 6). Post‐campaign, small improvements were seen across some individual sun‐protective behaviours and attitudes, particularly reducing time spent in the midday sun and on sun‐seeking holidays, and improved readiness to seek shade and reduce sunbathing; 79% of all respondents post‐campaign (n = 556) reported raised skin cancer awareness, and 65% (n = 458) said it influenced them to discuss sun protection with others. Conclusions: Positive improvements in attitudes and behaviours related to sun protection were seen following the digital campaign in this population of healthcare workers. These improvements along with increased willingness to discuss sun protection with others, including patients, has the potential to further benefit wider society, and supports future digital health promotion initiatives.

The aim of this review is to provide the scope of the problem, map and compile lessons learnt from the literature regarding the needs of, as well as psychological interventions for healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic of COVID-19. The review objectives are: a) to examine the challenges, experiences and needs of HCWs, and b) to investigate the psychological interventions and techniques utilized for HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The present study aims to replicate a multiple mediation model that was tested by Grass et al. (2018) in a sample of teacher students, and replicated by Zerna et al. (2022) in a sample of working teachers. In contrast, the present study investigates the mediation model in a sample of healthcare workers. NFC will function as the predictor and the burnout subscales emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal efficacy as dependent variables. Further, self-control, emotion regulation strategies, and coping strategies will be tested as mediators.

Введение. Синдром эмоционального выгорания, проявляющийся не только состоянием эмоционального и физического истощения, но и снижением эффективности труда, является серьезным вызовом для систем здравоохранения большинства стран мира. Показано, что молодой возраст медицинских работников является фактором, ассоциированным с развитием эмоционального выгорания, при этом данный синдром может развиться еще во время учебы в университете или прохождении ординатуры, поэтому охрана ментального здоровья обучающихся должна стать приоритетом системы высшего медицинского образования. Цель. Определение распространенности синдрома эмоционального выгорания и факторов его определяющих среди обучающихся по программам высшего образования в ординатуре по различным клиническим специальностям. Материалы и методы. Исследование было проведено в два этапа: пилотное исследование (n=250) и исследование на выборочной совокупности (n=315). Для оценки выраженности синдрома эмоционального выгорания была использована методика MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory), для диагностики тревоги и депрессии Больничная шкала тревоги и депрессии (HADS). Анкеты размещались в электронном виде. Статистическая обработка результатов проводилась в программах IBM SPSS Statistics 26 версии и StatTech v. 3.1.1 (разработчик ООО "Статтех", Россия). Результаты. Всего за период проведения опроса было получено 315 заполненных анкет, доля отклика на анкеты составила 12%. У 65,4% (95% ДИ 59,9-70,6) респондентов диагностирован выраженный синдром эмоционального выгорания. Факторами, повышающими шансы наличия синдрома эмоционального выгорания, являлись плохое состояние здоровья aOR 2,263 (95% ДИ 1,11 – 4,60), отсутствие приверженности профессии aOR 6,649 (95% ДИ 2,97 – 14,87) и выраженность депрессии aOR 1,20 (95% ДИ 1,06 – 1,35). Заключение. Синдром эмоционального выгорания среди ординаторов является комплексной проблемой, которой подвержены более половины всех обучающихся, что требует разработки и внедрения мер по охране ментального здоровья ординаторов во время обучения в ординатуре., Introduction. Burnout syndrome, manifested not only by emotional and physical exhaustion but also by a decrease in work efficiency, is a serious challenge for healthcare. Studies suggest that young age of healthcare workers is a factor associated with the development of burnout. This syndrome can develop during university education or residency training. Therefore, protecting the medical students and residences mental health should become a priority for the medical education system. Objective. To determine the burnout prevalence and associated factors among trainee physicians. Materials and Methods. We conducted the study in two stages: a pilot study (n=250) and a study on a sample population (n=315). The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess the severity of emotional burnout. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used for the diagnosis of anxiety and depression. The questionnaires were carried out in online form. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and StatTech v. 3.1.1. Results. We obtained 315 completed questionnaires during the survey period, with a response rate of 12%. Burnout syndrome was diagnosed in 65.4% (95% CI 59.9-70.6) of respondents. Factors that increase the odds of burnout syndrome were determined to be poor health status aOR 2.263 (95% CI 1.11-4.60), lack of commitment to the profession aOR 6.649 (95% CI 2.97-14.87), and severity of depression aOR 1.20 (95% CI 1.06-1.35). Conclusion. Burnout syndrome among clinical center residents is a serious problem that affects more than half of physicians in training, which requires the development and implementation of measures to protect the mental health of clinical residents during residency period.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unpredictable health crisis with a high psychological impact on healthcare workers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of burnout and the associated demographics and occupational factors in intensive care unit healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in a single clinical hospital in Chile.

Background: This study aimed to assess the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response rate in emergency department (ED) healthcare workers (HCWs) and potential adverse effects after CoronaVac vaccination. Methods: All included HCWs were grouped based on the previous history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the number of vaccinations. Furthermore, the IgG antibody response was evaluated based on the sex and smoking status of HCWs. Those with a cut-off index of ≥1.00 after vaccination with CoronaVac were considered to have had COVID-19 and had an adequate humoral response. Results: Among 224 ED HCWs, 18% experienced the adverse effects of CoronaVac vaccine, the most prevalent being pain in the injection site. The IgG antibody response rate was 20% after the first dose of vaccine, while the response rate increased to 90% after the second dose. Female HCWs had higher IgG response rates compared with male HCWs (53.8 [15.9-147.0] vs 31.2 [4.5-124.0]). Non-smokers had higher IgG response rate compared with smokers (49.0 [11.5-160.5] vs 23.1 [7.4-98.5]). Conclusion: A single dose of CoronaVac does not produce a sufficient antibody response; hence, two doses are recommended. Men have a lower IgG response compared with women. Smokers had a lower IgG response rate compared with non-smokers. Therefore, it may be necessary to carefully assess the humoral responses of men and smokers when implementing a community vaccination program.

A scoping review of peer-reviewed studies will be performed with the intention of summarising the evidence available regarding how long COVID in healthcare workers worldwide has affected their job performance.

The massive upsurge of hospitalizations and deaths in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented strain on the psychological well-being of the healthcare workers (HCW) worldwide. The concern about being viewed as unfit for duty by employers or “mentally weak” was the primary reason given. In addition, a majority of HCWs insisted that improvements on the administrative front would have a better impact. An extensive literature review for this paper has been done through databases like Pubmed (Medline) and Google scholar to compile information from various sources. A study of the causative and exacerbating factors, corrective and preventative measures applied, and direct feedback from HCW reveals that much work is yet to be done to develop a satisfactory approach towards ensuring the mental wellbeing of one of the greatest assets in the fight against the pandemic. (*The paper was presented at the 2nd Conference on Business Data Analytics: Innovation in emerging trends in management data analytics. Apeejay School of Management, Dwarka, Delhi, India. November 2021)