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The problem under investigation is determined by the fact that enterprises consist of separate economic agents that play an increasingly important role in production processes and their management. The channels of such management provide the transfer of positive experience of the totality of economic agents to the global environment. Due to the permanent process of transformations in the world caused by this influence, the probability of being on the sidelines is a problem for most business entities. Their competitiveness and integration into the world economic networks depend on high-quality management and wide application of innovative technologies, including nanotechnologies. The conducted study revealed that: –nano-economy consists of baby economy, human economy, and the economy of nanotechnologies; –the human economy is the central link and the main leader of the impact of nano-economy on global markets. The main components of its management are self-management, self-marketing, and innovative management of the organization personnel; –nanotechnologies, the economics of nanotechnologies, and transfer of nano-knowledge are at the initial stage of their development; –the impact of nano-economy on the development of the global environment is carried out through the functions of nanomanagement; –the management channels of the nano-economy do not affect the entry of countries with transition economies into the global environment due to the fact that they lack the system of nano-economy. This is proved by multifactor analysis of the impact of nano-economy on exports. The obtained indicators, such as exports of USD 57 billion (by the exchange rate of 2021), 281 universities, 1,941,701 business entities, and 135 thousand scientific and technical institutions, do not correlate and determine low direct and inverse indicators of dependence. The results of the study can be used: –at separate enterprises – by using innovative personnel management, including motivating and training of personnel in self-management and self-marketing; –at the state and regional levels – by creating favorable conditions for the development of baby economy in countries with transition economies and by promoting optimal solutions of separate economic agents

Цифровая экономика основана на интенсивном использовании информационно-коммуникационных технологий в экономике и управлении. Аппаратная база таких технологий – компьютеры, сети и т.п. Научно-методическая база разрабатывалась с 1940-х годов. К настоящему времени количество новшеств перешло в качество. Накопленные научные и практические результаты привели к взрыву инноваций в менеджменте. Прежние технологии управления уходят в прошлое. Базовой экономической теорией становится солидарная информационная экономика (первоначальное название – неформальная информационная экономика будущего). Вслед за Аристотелем полагаем, что экономика – это наука о том, как управлять хозяйством. Развиваем идеи В.М. Глушкова (проект ОГАС), Ст. Бира (система Киберсин), В. Пол Кокшотта и Аллина Ф. Коттрелла (продемонстрировали возможность организации производства с целью непосредственного удовлетворения потребностей в масштабах страны или человечества в целом). Солидарная информационная экономика предназначена для замены рыночной экономики в качестве базовой экономической теории., The digital economy is based on the intensive use of information and communication technologies in economics and management. The hardware base of such technologies is computers, networks, etc. The scientific and methodological base has been developed since the 1940s. To date, the quantity turned into quality. Accumulated scientific and practical results led to an explosion of innovations in management. Former management technologies are a thing of the past. The basic economic theory is the solidary information economy (the original name is the informal information economy of the future). Following Aristotle, we believe that economics is the science of how to manage an economy. We develop ideas of V.M. Glushkov (Project of the National Automated System), A. St. Beer (Cybersin system), W. Paul Cockshott and Allin F. Cottrell (demonstrated the possibility of organizing production in order to directly meet the needs of the country or humanity as a whole). The solidary information economy is intended to replace the market economy as a basic economic theory.

The article deals with the historical background, current issues and future challenges of educational reform in the countries of the European Union. It has been shown that the educational policy of the last century was aimed at increasing the length of compulsory secondary education to 18 years, early engagement of children in primary education and increasing its duration. The issue of decentralization as an educational trend in all European countries since the 1920s has been raised. The author analyses educational policy of the EU at the present stage, which is aimed at forming in European schools the necessary skills for their successful self-realization in society, including digital skills for future jobs, and the overcoming of gender differences in mathematics and sciences starting from school level. In the EU's current educational policy the following priority areas can be identified: all pupils should gain the competences they need; every pupil should benefit from high-quality learning, including migrant children; early childhood education and care should be more widely available, support for learners with special needs must be improved within mainstream schooling and reduction of early school leaving; teachers, school leaders, and educators should receive more support, including career-long professional learning opportunities; quality assurance should be further developed to ensure a more effective, equitable and efficient governance of school education and to facilitate learner mobility. The issue concerning creating a European education area by 2025 is revealed. The European vector of Ukraine’s development has been analysed, which has been considered as a priority since the proclamation of independence and confirmation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union.

The reciprocity between form and force diagrams in 2D graphic statics makes it possible to manipulate the form diagram while directly evaluating the redistribution of the forces within the force diagram. Conversely, after modifying the force diagram, the consequent transformation of the form diagram can be assessed at once. In the case of vector-based 3D graphic statics, the reciprocity between the diagrams is generally not achieved. This paper describes a series of transformations that can be applied to a vector-based 3D force diagram while allowing the corresponding 3D form diagram to adjust accordingly. Two categories of manipulations of the force diagram are described: global transformations that affect simultaneously all the elements of the diagram and local transformations, which permit the manipulation of individual elements of the diagram. Thanks to these transformations, the adjustment of the magnitude and the direction of the forces in vector-based 3D force diagrams can be used as an active operation in the structural design process.