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One of the key features of the contemporary world is the project of massive global education expansion, driven by high expectations related to the role of education as the most powerful instrument available to humanity to meet the challenges of the contemporary era. However, three quarters of a century after the beginning of this global education expansion project, it is still far from proper completion, facing immense challenges in terms of quality, inclusiveness and equality. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic aggravated and accentuated the deficiencies of this project. The present position paper claims that the experience of the BRICS education systems during the COVID-19 pandemic presents a valuable lesson for the rest of the world. The BRICS countries were able to provide equitable quality education for all, and also ensure that education contributed to their economic development and economic development of the Global South at large. This paper argues that the pandemic presents an opportunity and a compelling need to restructure education globally, developing education models suitable for the Global South. The constellation of BRICS countries, as the vanguard of the Global South, has a crucial role to play.

Este trabajo analiza las desigualdades de acceso al agua en ciudades del Sur Global desde el prisma de la Ecología Política Urbana (EPU). Si bien las ciudades del Sur Global se caracterizan, entre otros aspectos, por las desiguales formas de acceso al suministro hídrico, estas desigualdades pueden ser aún mayores si se consideran otras dimensiones de accesibilidad (asequibilidad, calidad, equidad y prestación de servicio). Desde el prisma de la EPU se puede afirmar que estas desigualdades son efectos de las relaciones de poder. El artículo enfatiza el papel de las políticas estructurales en la producción de una serie de condiciones de acceso al suministro de agua urbana, que son a menudo más complejas en áreas periurbanas con menores ingresos. En este último contexto, las políticas de distribución hídrica a escala de vecindario moldean las prácticas cotidianas de acceso al agua, situación que aumenta las inequidades sociales en torno al agua urbana. En este sentido, el artículo subraya la necesidad de realizar más estudios desde el enfoque de la EPU que analicen el papel de las políticas hídricas a escala de vecindario en la producción de inequidades cotidianas de acceso al agua. Aquest treball analitza les desigualtats d'accés a l'aigua a ciutats del Sud Global des del prisma de l'Ecologia Política Urbana (EPU). Si bé les ciutats del Sud Global es caracteritzen, entre altres aspectes, per les formes desiguals d'accedir al subministrament hídric, aquestes desigualtats poden ser encara més grans si es consideren unes altres dimensions d'accessibilitat (assequibilitat, qualitat, equitat i prestació de servei). Des del prisma de l'EPU es pot afirmar que aquestes desigualtats són efectes de les relacions de poder. L'article emfatitza el paper de les polítiques estructurals en la producció d'una sèrie de condicions d'accés al subministrament d'aigua urbana, que són sovint més complexes en àrees periurbanes amb ingressos més baixos. En aquest darrer context, les polítiques de distribució hídrica a escala de veïnat modelen les pràctiques quotidianes d'accés a l'aigua, situació que augmenta les iniquitats socials al voltant de l'aigua urbana. En aquest sentit, l'article subratlla la necessitat de realitzar més estudis des de l'enfocament de l'EPU que analitzin el paper de les polítiques hídriques a escala de veïnat en la producció de desigualtats quotidianes d'accés a l'aigua. This paper analyzes inequalities in access to water in cities of the Global South from the perspective of Urban Political Ecology (UPE). Although these cities are characterized, among other aspects, by unequal access to water supply, these inequalities can be even greater if other dimensions of accessibility are considered (affordability, quality, equity, and provision of service). From the perspective of UPE, it can be affirmed that these inequalities are the effects of power relations. The article emphasizes the role of structural policies in producing a series of conditions for access to urban water supply, which are often more complex in lower-income peri-urban areas, where water distribution policies at the neighborhood level shape the daily practices of access to water, a situation that increases social inequities with regard to urban water. This paper calls for more studies from an UPE approach that analyze the role of water policies at the neighborhood scale in the production of daily inequities in access to water.

Objetivo/contexto: el ascenso de China ha generado un profundo debate sobre el impacto que genera en el escenario internacional su creciente presencia. Existe una amplia discusión en torno a si China se transformará en un nuevo hegemon o si establecerá un escenario poshegemónico. Sin embargo, estas aproximaciones asumen que la hegemonía es un concepto objetivo y universal. Este artículo presenta una crítica al concepto de hegemonía que ha pretendido explicar el ascenso de China. Considera las limitaciones paradigmáticas de este concepto y destaca la importancia de abandonar nuestros modelos mentales para buscar nuevas formas de conceptualizar el cambiante papel de China en el sur global. Basado en un enfoque teórico posestructuralista, el artículo analiza las serias limitaciones conceptuales para comprender el ascenso de China debido a que los conceptos dominantes para entender este proceso se encuentran en una visión eurocéntrica de la disciplina de las relaciones internacionales. Metodología: se contrastan distintas aproximaciones al concepto de hegemonía desde una perspectiva crítica. Conclusiones: se enfatiza cómo la experiencia histórica de Occidente ha moldeado modelos mentales claves de la disciplina, como sucede con la manera como tradicionalmente se entiende el concepto de hegemonía. Originalidad: este artículo contribuye a la comprensión del ascenso de China al ampliar el abanico paradigmático desde el cual este fenómeno puede ser entendido. Objective/Context: China’s rise has generated a profound debate on the impact of its growing presence on the international scene. There is a broad discussion on whether China will become a new hegemon or whether it will establish a post-hegemonic scenario. However, these approaches assume that hegemony is an objective and universal concept. This article presents a critique of the concept of hegemony that has sought to explain China’s rise. It considers the paradigmatic limitations of this concept and highlights the importance of abandoning our mental models to seek new ways of conceptualizing China’s changing role in the Global South. Based on a post-structuralist theoretical approach, the article analyzes the severe conceptual limitations in understanding China’s rise because the dominant concepts for understanding this process come from a Eurocentric view of the discipline of international relations. Methodology: Different approaches to the concept of hegemony are contrasted from a critical perspective. Conclusions: The article emphasizes how the historical experience of the West has shaped key mental models of the discipline, as is the case with how the concept of hegemony is traditionally understood. Originality: This study contributes to a better understanding of China’s rise by broadening the paradigmatic range from which to approach this phenomenon. Objetivo/contexto: a ascensão da China gerou um debate profundo sobre o impacto de sua presença crescente no cenário internacional. Existe um amplo debate sobre se a China se tornará uma nova hegemonia ou se estabelecerá um cenário pós-hegemônico. Entretanto, essas abordagens assumem que a hegemonia é um conceito objetivo e universal. Este artigo apresenta uma crítica ao conceito de hegemonia que tem procurado explicar a ascensão da China, considera as limitações paradigmáticas desse conceito e destaca a importância de abandonarmos nossos modelos mentais para buscar novas formas de conceituar a mudança do papel da China no Sul global. Baseado em uma abordagem teórica pós-estruturalista, o artigo analisa as sérias limitações conceituais na compreensão da ascensão da China, pois os conceitos dominantes para a compreensão desse processo são encontrados em uma visão eurocêntrica do campo das relações internacionais. Metodologia: contrastam-se diferentes abordagens ao conceito de hegemonia a partir de uma perspectiva crítica. Conclusões: ressalta como a experiência histórica do Ocidente moldou padrões mentais-chave da disciplina, como o conceito de hegemonia é tradicionalmente entendido. Originalidade: este artigo contribui para a compreensão da ascensão da China, ampliando a gama paradigmática a partir da qual esse fenômeno pode ser compreendido.

RESUMO O texto faz uma análise da vida social da Ciclovia Tim Maia, situada na zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro. Inaugurado em 2016, o equipamento foi saudado por oferecer, além de novas alternativas de mobilidade urbana, novos enquadramentos para a paisagem da orla oceânica. Tal combinação fazia da ciclovia um elemento central de um projeto mais amplo de cidade, que tinha da relação harmoniosa entre homem e natureza um de seus eixos principais. Ao acompanhar o processo de idealização, construção e inauguração do equipamento, bem como seus sucessivos colapsos, o texto visa discutir como esse caso peculiar permite refletir sobre aspectos importantes das infraestruturas urbanas a partir do olhar da Antropologia: suas múltiplas temporalidades, a relação inextricável entre técnica e política e os diferentes projetos de cidade que elas acumulam. ABSTRACT The paper analyzes the social life of the Bike Path Tim Maia, in the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Inaugurated in 2016, the equipment was hailed for offering not only new urban mobility alternatives, but also new framings for the oceanfront landscape. Such combination made the bike path a central element of a broader city project, with the harmonious relationship between humans and nature as one of its main axes. By following the process of ideation, construction, and inauguration of the equipment, as well as its successive collapses, the paper shows how this particular case allows us to reflect on important aspects of urban infrastructures from an anthropological point of view: their multiple timelines, the inextricable relationship between technique and politics, and the different cumulative city projects.

This exploratory study presents Greenland as a case of a peripheral destination that complicates and contradicts global definitions of sustainable tourism. Using empirical data that consists of 39 semi-structured interviews, the author employs an inductive approach to discuss the conceptualisation of sustainable tourism according to local stakeholders in Greenland. The key points of conflict surrounding sustainable tourism in Greenland are identified and discussed, with a focus on how local stakeholders contradict each other, and on how the debates prevalent at the local scale can inform tourism development in other peripheral places. The paper contributes to academic literature by offering a deeper understanding of how core-periphery dynamics can influence perceptions of and priorities for sustainable tourism in peripheral places. It benefits the industry by exposing the main debates around the issue of sustainable tourism in Greenland, which can be used to inform the nation’s tourism development

In the years following the physical end to the civil war in Sri Lanka, the island was beset with a series of infrastructure projects. One of these was the ‘Port City’, a project funded by the Government of China. The project has raised significant environmental concerns, from the detrimental impact of rock extraction on biodiversity and marine life, to the effect on the livelihoods of the fishing community due to the depletion of fish as a result of the mining of sand from the sea bottom. Visibly present in the protest action against this are religious actors, especially habited Roman Catholic nuns. This article, as part of an ongoing project that looks at environmentalism in faith-based communities, examines the impetus that drives such visibly religious persons to take part in direct action. The article does this to note how theologies that are ‘on and of the ground’, that is anti-colonial theological framings are central to the political theologies driving concerns regarding environmental justice. In doing this, the article is also arguing for a more central place for International Relations and Politics to be studying and engaging with anti-colonial theological voices, what I call theologies of ‘rage’. Publisher PDF

Transdisciplinary research (TDR) has been developed to generate knowledge that effectively fosters the capabilities of various societal actors to realize sustainability transformations. The development of TDR theories, principles, and methods has been largely governed by researchers from the global North and has reflected their contextual conditions. To enable more context-sensitive TDR framing, we sought to identify which contextual characteristics affect the design and implementation of TDR in six case studies in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, and what this means for TDR as a scientific approach. To this end, we distinguished four TDR process elements and identified several associated context dimensions that appeared to influence them. Our analysis showed that contextual characteristics prevalent in many Southern research sites—such as highly volatile socio-political situations and relatively weak support infrastructure—can make TDR a challenging endeavour. However, we also observed a high degree of variation in the contextual characteristics of our sites in the global South, including regarding group deliberation, research freedom, and dominant perceptions of the appropriate relationship between science, society, and policy. We argue that TDR in these contexts requires pragmatic adaptations as well as more fundamental reflection on underlying epistemological concepts around what it means to conduct “good science”, as certain contextual characteristics may influence core epistemological values of TDR., Sustainability Science, 17 (6), ISSN:1862-4065, ISSN:1862-4057

It has since been eleven years since the rise of the “Arab Spring”: a series of anti-government uprisings that spread across the Arab world, ultimately leading to regime changes in several countries including Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Using social media and other digital platforms to communicate and strategize, pro-democracy activists demanded increased transparency and freedom from their long-serving leaders. This special issue has sought to probe ways through which journalism is evolving in non-Western societies over a decade since the protests began. Articles accepted in this issue adopted several methodological and theoretical approaches to appraise the current state of journalism in the “developing” world questioning what influences, if any, the protests had. We sought to contribute to knowledge on ways through which the “Arab Spring” was impacting journalism practices in the Arab world and beyond. It’s our hope that findings presented in this issue will enlighten new insights and inspire new research endeavors on the transformation of journalism in the Arab World and indeed other “Southern” nations particularly as it relates to digital realms.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 inspired some within the tourism industry to react rapidly to support Ukrainians in the crisis. This presents an opportunity to address solidarity through tourism as we confront change in the global order and cascading crises. While some tourism analysts hailed the response in support of Ukraine, others raised critical questions about the absence of care when similar injustices were perpetrated on Global South peoples. This article interrogates these developments as a concern for tourism politics and policy. It examines the expansiveness of solidarity bonds in a world characterised by structural injustices and ongoing imperialism. It suggests a transformation of the World Tourism Organization to focus on harnessing tourism as a tool for equitable solidarity in an era characterised by climate change and multiple crises. It also recommends political astuteness in future tourism analyses, including paying due attention to issues of ongoing structural injustices. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Una mirada hacia lo cotidiano, hacia lo típico, situado en dos contextos diferentes. Superponer las miradas. Encontrar las similitudes y las diferencias. Estas acciones marcan el punto de partida de la oficina tailandesa-japonesa Bangkok Tokyo Architecture (BTA), quienes basan su práctica en encontrar lo genérico que se esconde en aquello que es profundamente local. Conversamos con BTA sobre las condiciones en las que opera la arquitectura en contextos del sur global, acostumbrados a las restricciones, apuntando a una arquitectura cuya familiaridad difumine la figura del autor y posibilite que sus habitantes la puedan reproducir, adaptar y transformar. Una oficina que escapa de lo especial, poniendo en valor detalles comunes y corrientes mediante el ensamblaje de esa variedad de elementos, definiendo una arquitectura lo suficientemente abierta para que se pueda completar a lo largo del tiempo. = A look at the everyday, at the typical, situated in two different contexts. Overlapping views. Finding similarities and differences. These actions mark the starting point of the Thai-Japanese office Bangkok Tokyo Architecture (BTA), who base their practice on finding the generic that is hidden in the profoundly local. We talked with BTA about the conditions in which architecture operates in contexts of the global south, used to restrictions, aiming for an architecture whose familiarity blurs the figure of the author and makes it possible for its inhabitants to reproduce, adapt and transform it. An office that escapes from the special, placing value on common and ordinary details by assembling this variety of elements, defining an architecture that is open enough to be completed over time.

This article investigates the risk of epistemic injustice in conducting sociolegal research in Global South contexts. Diving into the ethical imperatives of honouring knowledge, agency, and voice, we challenge extractive research practices and reframe participants as active, legitimate bearers of knowledge. Covert research is a highly controversial research practice which bypasses the right to informed consent of participants. Marieke Hopman’s article titled ‘Covert Qualitative Research as a Method to Study Human Rights Under Authoritarian Regimes’ advocates for covert research in the field of human rights, provided this covert research passes her proposed ‘ethical test’. We argue that this test permits and requires practices of knowledge-making which unjustly silence, undervalue, and exclude the capacity of systematically marginalised communities to produce knowledge claims. Hopman’s ethical test requires researchers to translate participants’ testimonies and situated knowledge into a doctrinal human rights framework, which comes with certain onto-epistemological assumptions which may not be shared by participants. Her approach frustrates research participants’ agency in choosing their own epistemic projects. Finally, her test exacerbates structural inequalities between the Global North and Global South by reinforcing unequal power relations. We advocate for a situated ethics approach to mitigate epistemic injustice in socio-legal research in the Global South. Cross-cultural ethical dialogue between western and non-hegemonic ethics on a non-hierarchical and equal basis can contribute to building ‘intercultural ethics’. Reflexivity – where researchers critically examine their worldviews and social position throughout the research process – can ensure greater accountability and integrity. Reciprocity – building mutual research relationships and producing research useful to the researched – can help shift the power imbalance between the researcher and researched.

El presente artículo es una apuesta por resolver la pregunta: ¿cómo interpretar las particularidades de la seguridad en el Sur global desde América Latina cuando la tendencia es a que sean zonas pacíficas, pero altamente violentas? Una de las respuestas tentativas al cuestionamiento tiene que ver con el hecho de que, si se trabajan aproximaciones desenclavadas de las clásicas visiones militaristas de la seguridad, es mucho más fácil acercarse a la realidad territorial. Entonces, la intersección entre las dimensiones de Little security nothings o pequeñas cotidianidades de seguridad, las gobernanzas criminales y la ontología de la inseguridad produce una lectura interpretativa más real, que permite una mayor proximidad entre tomadores de decisiones, academia y ciudadanía en general. De tal manera, el aporte original del texto está en la aproximación integral desde las tres dimensiones como lentes complementaros para comprender las dinámicas y lógicas de las realidades de la seguridad. This article is a bid to resolve the question of how to interpret the particularities of security in the Global South from Latin America, when the trend is for those countries to be peaceful but highly violent areas? One of the tentative answers to the question has to do with the fact that if we work unlocked approaches to the classic militaristic views of security, it is much easier to get closer to the territorial reality. In such a manner, the intersection between the dimensions of “little security nothings”, criminal governance and the ontological insecurity, produces a more real interpretive reading that allows for a greater proximity between decision makers, the academy and citizens. In this way, the original contribution of the article is in the integral approach from the three dimensions as complementary lenses to understand the dynamics and logics of the realities of security.

Global value chain/global production network studies have extensively documented the role of lead firms from the Global North in economic development in the Global South, including as ‘manufacturers without factories’ (MWFs). However, the role of local firms in sourcing from suppliers has been overlooked. In this article, we report the findings of a qualitative study and demonstrate that the local MWFs helped establish India as the leading supplier of pharmaceuticals worldwide and in the Global South. We show how the different types of local MWFs (‘propagandists’, ‘pioneers’, ‘connectors’ and ‘adaptors’) impact the strategic coupling, industrial upgrading and governance in South–South value chains and contribute to regional economic development.

Conversations on how to assess, innovate, and develop policies for carbon removal are for now largely confined to the Global North – reflecting a concentration of academic interest (and concern), innovation capacity, early funding initiatives, and policy path-dependence in climate, energy, and land-use. However, future population growth, emissions trajectories, and even concentrations of economic (and technological power) are shifting to the Global South. Here, after explaining the positionality of the author, this paper summarizes the perspectives and concerns of 90 key academics, technologists, and policy entrepreneurs on expanding carbon removal assessment, innovation, and policy beyond early foci within (northern) Europe, the US, Japan, and Australia. It explores how concerns about systems (coupling and infrastructure deployment), justice (equity and inclusion), and governance (including pledges, funding, and offsets) markedly differ across Global North and Global South dynamics. It discusses how such issues intersect with each other, and concludes with insights for research and policy.

Historically, educators in higher education (HE) were expected to educate, generate knowledge, and do community service. With some commentators arguing that an academic must ‘publish or perish’, the expectation to create knowledge through research became overemphasized. The concept is widespread in HE institutions around the world. It aids to keep staff, particularly those in universities, constantly engaged with relevant knowledge works in their fields of expertise. According to this viewpoint, research publications are the most important factor in determining whether an academic or an administrator gets employed, promoted, acknowledged, retained, or not hired. The idea of ‘publish or perish’, on the other hand, is based on the dominant Western knowledge creation realities, which largely misrepresent or ignore African realities. To avoid perpetuating inequalities in academia, it is critical to re-examine how this idea informs knowledge creation in Africa. For example, the enormous number of publications required for one to advance up the academic ladder comes at a hefty cost that is not always feasible to low-paid academics in Africa’s resource-poor countries. This limits promotion of some individuals. Basically, for many Africans, what matters is the information gained, not how many times one’s work is acknowledged in scholarly publications. We need to establish knowledge-creation processes that are tailored to African realities. To that goal, we must strike a balance between having numerous publications with the potential to have an impact on society, given that developing solutions to development concerns appears to be more vital for Africa right now. This paper problematizes the ‘publish or perish’ concept for African academics, especially those intending to make an impact in their society with a purpose of eliminating inequalities in academia.

At the start of the pandemic in early 2020, many cities went to complete or partial lockdown to minimize the mass transmission of COVID-19. Consequently, personal travel patterns have changed throughout the world. This study explores the transport mode preferences and associated dilemmas that commuters face in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in the post-lockdown period. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews of 20 young commuters residing in Dhaka. We followed a deductive reasoning approach, and the transcriptions were analyzed following thematic analysis. Findings suggest that despite the perceived high risk of COVID-19 transmission in certain modes, all commuters don’t have the ease and flexibility to switch to their preferred safer mode, with commuters trading-off between health risk, affordability and availability of suitable modes, along with other challenges. However, the country’s sustainable goals can still be achieved if proper actions, such as removing the challenges commuters face while switching to a sustainable and safe mode during COVID -19 are taken.

Markets not only enable wide technology diffusion but also shape sustainability transitions. From this perspective, it is critical to investigate the shaping effects of markets and market formation processes for human wellbeing and the environment. Through a systematic literature review, this study explores the limitations of the dominant corporate-led market development model. This constitutes the global compass for present-day energy access programs and international development policy, framed around the potential of foreign-affiliated corporate enterprises for the market-based diffusion of solar products in the Global South. Findings suggest that due to tradeoffs between people, planet, and profit-directed goals, the companies cannot enable sustainability transitions and equal and sustainable access to the energy poor. Instead, the corporate-led market development route reproduces structural injustices. A more pluralistic route with greater roles for local, non-affiliated entrepreneurs, non-profits, and the public sector is proposed for negotiating the tradeoffs to the extent possible.

International Relations (IR) are an interdisciplinary field of study; however, mainstream IR possesses a Western and North-centric focus that neglects or unequivocally reflects Global South perspectives and realities. Global events, including those related to transboundary water relations, are told from a Western and North perspective. That does not provide enough knowledge to understand developments occurring in the Global South, understood here as less economically developed countries, comprising a variety of states with diverse levels of economic, cultural, and political influence in the international order. In this sense, the article exposes some Latin American IR thinking, to offer new contributions to the process of theorizing transboundary water relations and broaden the field of view within IR and transboundary water. Following a qualitative methodology, based on the bibliographic revision of authors from the Global South in IR and hydropolitics, the paper argues that it is necessary to incorporate non-Western and non-Northern actors and thinking to explore how different actors challenge, support, and shape global and regional hydropolitics. The paper calls for more attention to how the analytical framework on transboundary water interactions can include Global South perspectives. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research and policy discussions., As Relações Internacionais (RI) são um campo de estudo interdisciplinar, mas as principais vertentes possuem um foco centrado no Ocidente e no Norte que negligenciam ou refletem inequivocamente as perspectivas e realidades do Sul Global. Os eventos globais, incluindo aqueles relacionados às relações hídricas transfronteiriças, são contados a partir de uma perspectiva ocidental e nortista. Isso não fornece conhecimento suficiente para compreender os desenvolvimentos ocorridos no Sul Global, entendidos aqui como países menos desenvolvidos economicamente, abrangendo uma variedade de Estados com diversos níveis de influência econômica, cultural e política na ordem internacional. Nesse sentido, o artigo expõe algumas reflexões sobre as RI da América Latina, para oferecer novas contribuições ao processo de teorização das relações hídricas transfronteiriças e ampliar o campo de estudo em RI e águas transfronteiriças. Seguindo uma metodologia qualitativa, baseada na revisão bibliográfica de autores do Sul Global em RI e hidropolítica, este artigo argumenta que é necessário incorporar distintos atores e pensamentos para explorar como eles desafiam, apoiam e moldam a hidropolítica regional e global. O artigo enfatiza como estruturas analíticas sobre as interações hídricas transfronteiriças podem incluir as perspectivas do Sul Global. O artigo conclui com algumas sugestões para pesquisas futuras e discussões sobre políticas.

Internal displacement has become one of the most pressing humanitarian crises today, with the Global South being especially affected. Despite this, internally dis- placed persons (IDPs) remain underrepresented in humanitarian policy and academia. While attention for IDPs is increasing, the extent to whether the label actually embraces all circumstances of internal displacement can be questioned. We argue for a revision of contextualisation and conceptualisation of IDPs. Hence, drawing on a survey of literature and concrete examples from Ethiopia, the article revisits the concept of IDPs with the central aim of broadening its understanding. By tracing its emergence, evolution, and underlying assumptions, the findings show that the IDP label dominantly refers to displaced people in refugee-like situations. As a result, a large number of IDPs, such as those who are forcedly resettled and left unintegrated, are rendered invisible. Concretising processes of displacement within the Ethiopian case further illustrates the impacts of narrow conceptualisations and consequently, advances insights into possible drivers and types of IDPs. This illustrates the need for the scholarship to go beyond policy labels and adopt a contextualised understanding of IDPs while also contributing towards improving research and governance on the subject of IDPs. This article deals with the concept of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) who have been displaced due to due to different factors but remain within their country. It revisits the label, IDPs, and the extent to which it represents people on the move in light of the Ethiopian context, one of the countries with the largest number of displaced persons in the world.

Invasive alien species continue to spread and proliferate in waterways worldwide, but environmental drivers of invasion dynamics lack assessment. Knowledge gaps are pervasive in the Global South, where the frequent heavy human‐modification of rivers provides high opportunity for invasion. In southern Africa, the spatio‐temporal ecology of a widespread and high‐impact invasive alien snail, Tarebia granifera, and its management status is understudied. Here, an ecological assessment was conducted at seven sites around Nandoni Reservoir on the Luvuvhu River in South Africa. The distribution and densities of T. granifera were mapped and the potential drivers of population structure were explored. T. granifera was widespread at sites impacted to varying extents due to anthropogenic activity, with densities exceeding 500 individuals per square meter at the most impacted areas. T. granifera predominantly preferred shallow and sandy environments, being significantly associated with sediment (i.e., chlorophyll‐a, Mn, SOC, SOM) and water (i.e., pH, conductivity, TDS) variables. T. granifera seemed to exhibit two recruitment peaks in November and March, identified via size‐based stock assessment. Sediment parameters (i.e., sediment organic matter, sediment organic carbon, manganese) and water chemistry (i.e., pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity) were found to be important in structuring T. granifera populations, with overall snail densities highest during the summer season. We provide important autecological information and insights on the distribution and extent of the spread of T. granifera. This may help in the development of invasive alien snail management action plans within the region, as well as modelling efforts to predict invasion patterns elsewhere based on environmental characteristics., Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156, National Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001321, University of Venda http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008976

This Element addresses questions of division of labor and concentration of authority among intergovernmental organizations by examining multilevel governance in the Global South. It focuses on the policy domains of peace and security and human rights in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and its central finding is that the extent of governance regionalization varies across regions and issue areas. In the domain of peace and security, governance is most regionalized in Africa. In the domain of human rights protection, governance is most regionalized in the LAC region. Given the phenomenon of regional specialization, the Element makes the case for the greater explanatory power of regional drivers of regional institutional development. This Element is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

The do-it-yourself (DIY) media culture on the internet is often attached to the power of ordinary users to produce, reproduce, and disseminate content in a decentralised communication platform. The same ethos of self-sufficiency facilitates the proliferation of new style and interactive documentaries designed by professional-amateurs and distributed mainly for the web. No longer the sole province of highly funded media experiments, the creation of interactive projects has been conceivable with the assistance of open source and off-the-shelf authoring software. The present case study investigates this trend by drawing on a post-textual analysis of the author’s independently produced and DIY interactive documentary (i-doc). Using a practitioner-researcher perspective, I explain the creative decisions involved in producing a political i-doc and interrogate how a website performs as a format of small-scale independent documentary project. I argue that the implication of DIY ethos on i-doc production is twofold: it reminds us to focus on functionality over beauty and prompts us to prioritise the story over interactivity. This article concludes on the potential of DIY ethos to fuel the production of citizen i-docs in the Global South.

This article analyzes Chinese migration policies through historical and comparative lenses in an attempt to cross conceptual divides in existing literature on migration policies. The first part of the article offers an empirically grounded overview of developments in Chinese migration policies in the two decades after the regime changes of 1949 and 1978. A second analytical section brings together literature on the Global North, Global South, and Asian and Chinese migrations and migration policies. The article posits the following three main points. First, literature on the Global South is valuable for theorizing Chinese migration policies in that it highlights emigration and development rather than immigration as in the “migration state” (Hollifield). However, prioritizing economic objectives, it fails to consider Chinese migration policies in relation to identity formation and nation-building under the influence of wars and decolonization processes, what Adamson and Tsourapas have called “nationalizing” policies. Second, the article notes the significance of ethnic return migration in Chinese policies, which is overlooked in literature on the Global South, but examined in literature on Asian migrations. Finally, the article posits that the nexus between internal and external migration in a Chinese context offers critical insights for theorizing migration policies. Ministry of Education (MOE) Nanyang Technological University Accepted version This work was supported by the Agence Française de Développement / French Development Agency (Grant number IRS/ECO/492-2018) and by a Tier 1 Grant, Singapore Ministry of Education / Nanyang Technological University (AcFR Grant number RG 78/16).

The Covid19 pandemic has led to speculation about the place of offices in the future world of work – while working-from-home was initially mandated by employers (and governments), recent research has reported that the practice has gained popularity among employees. However, most such research is based on experiences of workers in the Global North. The article challenges the conflation of the Global North with global and shifts the focus from ‘flexible working’ and ‘work-life balance’ to issues of access to work infrastructures, including space, internet, and care. It draws upon existing scholarship on home-based work and precarious work, especially gig work, to outlines ways to analyse the implications of working-from-home in diverse settings. Illustrated with the story of Prachi, a young e-commerce worker in Delhi, the article offers work-from/at/for-home as a wider framework that accounts for inequalities in labour and life conditions of workers around the world.

This article addresses China’s engagement with the Global South regarding the transnational transfer of knowledge and policy. It argues that China’s active participation in the Bandung Conference constituted historical capital in legitimating its (leadership) role in the Global South and as an alternative modernity. The past decade has witnessed the growing importance of the Global South for China. Apart from a geopolitical motive, China’s expanding economic ties with the developing world serve as an overarching framework facilitating transnational knowledge transfer, with the centrality of development reinforced by an institutionalization drive. The essay concludes that China’s engagement with the Global South in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative has been shaped by the complex logics of domestic political economy and changing global geopolitics, not all of which are within China’s control. A stakeholder-centric approach, therefore, will be beneficial to all countries concerned. Nanyang Technological University Funding for this research is provided by a grant from Nanyang Technological University (04INS000136C430).

This essay reviews the following works: Private Wealth and Public Revenue in Latin America: Business Power and Tax Politics. By Tasha Fairfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. viii + 333. $99.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781107088375. Evo’s Bolivia: Continuity and Change. By Linda C. Farthing and Benjamin H. Kohl. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 227. $24.95 paper. ISBN: 9780292758681. The State and the Private Sector in Latin America: The Shift to Partnership. By Mauricio A. Font. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. vii + 291. $100.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780230111400. Partisan Investment in the Global Economy: Why the Left Loves Foreign Direct Investment and FDI Loves the Left. By Pablo M. Pinto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xi + 288. $34.99 paper. ISBN: 9781107617360. Enduring Reform: Progressive Activism and Private Sector Responses in Latin America’s Democracies. Edited by Jeffrey W. Rubin and Vivienne Bennett. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2015. Pp. xi + 261. $15.95 paper. ISBN: 9780822963165. Reinventing the Left in the Global South: The Politics of the Possible. By Richard Sandbrook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 294. $34.99 paper. ISBN: 9781107421097. Democratic Chile: The Politics and Policies of a Historic Coalition, 1990–2010. Edited by Kirsten Sehnbruch and Peter M. Siavelis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2014. Pp. vii + 375. $69.95 cloth. ISBN: 9781588268730.

The public understanding of climate change, methods, mitigation, adaptation and the reason behind it have been investigated in developed countries. The current knowledge levels in the Global South remains limited, this while countries forming part of the Global South are more vulnerable to resultant effects of global warming. This requires the urgent attention by both citizens, who lack relevant information as well as decision makers lacking environmental literacy to establish long-term sustainable strategies.With just 9 years left, the probability of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) , is unlikely and will require the complete redevelopment of the building sector. Focusing on the built environment, this paper uses contemporary definitions of the Global South to establish the contribution, significance and lack of energy efficiency mechanisms in the face of climate change. A combination of literature, desk research and data gathering from various sources are employed to establish the contribution of the Global South built environment to climate change. Using Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)emissions, 2050 urban population figures and distinctive climatic regions as basis, this study selected the largest role players to establish the status, extent and efficacy of building energy codes. The review point towards a built environment lacking the necessary building energy codes, with approximately 47% of selected Global South countries not implementing any form of building energy efficiency regulations or related policies. As part of the recommendations, Global South countries lacking the necessary regulations are encouraged to revise, update or adopt possible best practice standards from relevant countries that implement mandatory building energy codes. This study aims to address the gap in knowledge, establish a way forward and facilitate a larger implementation of building energy codes and strategies in the Global South.

Recent studies on labor migration from socialist Yugoslavia have almost exclusively focused on East–West movements and their economic aspects. This paper aims to fill some of this gap in the literature by examining the migration of highly skilled Yugoslav labor to a country in the Global South, namely Algeria. As opposed to previous work that has focused on Yugoslav workers accompanying engineering investment projects in the Global South, this paper examines those who were directly employed by the receiving country. The case of Algeria as a host country deserves attention because Algeria was one of Yugoslavia’s primary partners with whom it cultivated a close political relationship. Drawing on records from the Croatian State Archives, the article will examine Yugoslav technical cooperation experts who were employed by the Algerian government between the early 1960s and the end of the 1980s. The paper will argue that, in pursuit of its political and economic interests in the Global South, the Yugoslav state encouraged and promoted the mobility of highly skilled experts in Algeria to foster cooperation.

Urbanization can be a challenge and an opportunity for earthquake risk mitigation. However, little is known about the changes in exposure (for example, population and urban land) to earthquakes in the context of global urbanization, and their impacts on fatalities in earthquake-prone areas. We present a global analysis of the changes in population size and urban land area in earthquake-prone areas from 1990 to 2015, and their impacts on earthquake-related fatalities. We found that more than two thirds of population growth (or 70% of total population in 2015) and nearly three quarters of earthquake-related deaths (or 307,918 deaths) in global earthquake-prone areas occurred in developing countries with an urbanization ratio (percentage of urban population to total population) between 20 and 60%. Holding other factors constant, population size was significantly and positively associated with earthquake fatalities, while the area of urban land was negatively related. The results suggest that fatalities increase for areas where the urbanization ratio is low, but after a ratio between 40 and 50% occurs, earthquake fatalities decline. This finding suggests that the resistance of building and infrastructure is greater in countries with higher urbanization ratios and highlights the need for further investigation. Our quantitative analysis is extended into the future using Shared Socioeconomic Pathways to reveal that by 2050, more than 50% of the population increase in global earthquake-prone areas will take place in a few developing countries (Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh) that are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes. To reduce earthquake-induced fatalities, enhanced resilience of buildings and urban infrastructure generally in these few countries should be a priority. Published version The research presented was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Number 2019YFA0607203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 41971225), and the Tang Zhongying Young Scholar Program (Qingxu Huang is a recipient of the program of Beijing Normal University).

In this paper, the authors explore how athletes from the Global South interact with the material environment of an international training camp program in the lead up to a major event. Set within the context of Pasifika nations with colonial and missionary legacies, they examine the material, affective, sensory, and rhythmic forces at work to produce enabling or constraining capacities for emplaced physical capital in athletes. Driven by a desire to improve their performance, athletes resisted, appropriated, and adopted various high-performance practices to develop their emplaced physical capital capacities.

Recent geographical scholarship on the illicit e-waste geographies and e-waste processing hubs in the Global South has shed light on the global mobilities, production/destruction networks, and political economy/ecology of e-waste. However, their views about the reactivation of value in waste and the dialectics between waste and value rest predominantly on networks of material linkages shaped by broader political-economic structures at macro scales, but are relatively reticent about how mobilities and networks are coordinated by specific places, and how economic practices conducted by a broad diversity of local actors, often informal, constitute economic relations, transactions and dependencies, mediated by place-sticky social and cultural fabrics and vernacular institutions. Based on a study of Guiyu town in Guangdong Province, China, an (in)famous hub of global e-waste recycling, this study unpacks its cluster evolution through a perspective that works with the concept of embeddedness but by way of an emphasis on practice. By tracing a multiplicity of territorial, sociocultural, and political dynamics that articulate between the local and the global, this study enriches existing scholarships on e-waste geographies, global production/destruction networks, and the economic geographies of the illicit.

From child prostitutes in Prague to wogs in suburban Melbourne, Christos Tsiolkas's fiction is full of characters defined by the desire for, discrimination against, and addiction to some form of Ot...

The article traces the emergence of reproductive rights principles in the UN during the 1960s–70s. Family planning programmes were the key discursive terrain on which conflicts over fertility, global population, and women's roles in ‘third world development’ were interlinked. The UN’s Commission on the Status of Women was a key actor: in the late 1960s it defined family planning in relation to a broadened definition of human rights, and repositioned it as a women’s rights issue. This shift resulted from competing but in some respects converging concepts of women’s rights among Western-based, communist-aligned and Global South-based women’s organisations at the Commission. While subsequent UN conferences, specifically Bucharest 1974 and Mexico City 1975, revealed enduring global conflicts over ‘population management’ and ‘third world development’, the UN reframed family planning in relation to human rights principles. It hereby responsibilised women in their social roles, potentially enhancing their reproductive autonomy – but failing to fully abandon the population control agenda, against the calls of feminist movements in the Global South. The article contributes to histories of the UN and of the emergence of globally connected feminist movements, and is based on archives and publications of women’s rights NGOs, UN agencies, and family planning organisations.

This paper critically reflects on the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goal on education (SDG4) in the Global South amid apparent donor fatigue. It also highlights international observers’ concerns about a huge funding gap in the implementation of SDG4 in the Global South. With the COVID-19 pandemic currently ravaging the world, this funding gap will only widen. In the face of these challenges, low-income countries with a high dependency on aid remain at risk of defaulting on most SDG4 targets. While reflecting on what the decline in education aid might mean for low-income countries, the paper argues that a truly transformative approach can help these countries achieve SDG4 and its sustainability agenda despite funding challenges.

This paper presents constructions of ‘work’ through a comparative charting of the manner in which young people across rural India, urban India, and the urban UK account for their educational and wo...

As global aging advances, the number of centenarians worldwide is greatly increasing. Most of what is known about centenarians comes the Global North. It is not clear what factors contribute to longevity of centenarians in impoverished, mostly rural areas of Global South nations that still lack basic amenities. Cultural differences in the profile, lifestyles, and needs of centenarians in Africa have yet to be documented. Using a case study design, this descriptive inquiry investigated the profiles of centenarians in Ethiopia including religion, marriage, education, occupation, income, and living arrangement. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with nine centenarians (1 woman, 8 men) and were analyzed using descriptive narrative analysis. Respondents were between 100 and 108 years old. All nine were adherents of Orthodox Christianity, had been married, and were great-grandparents. Their adult lives were marked by both residential and marital stability. The Ethiopian centenarians persevered through many losses and hardships with the help of strong community-based social networks.. Unlike studies of centenarians in the Global North, most respondents were male and had strict religious upbringings. Understanding the unique profiles of centenarians in the Global South will help to inform research and practice with this growing population of the oldest-old.

As the global pandemic accelerates economic problems, divisions over global capitalism have sharpened. This includes those who want to delink the US/China relationship, those who wish to recalibrate but maintain the transnational system, and China’s own more assertive strategy as its economic power increases. These debates affect national and world politics as antagonism grows, even as capital continues to pour into China.

Like in other cities in the global South, rapid urbanization in Malawi continues to pose challenges for local authorities as manifested in un-ending struggles and contestation for urban space such ...

Objectives: Building on the ecological model, multicontextual opportunity theory, and southern criminology, the study developed individual- and country-level indicators of opportunity to understand the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) among married women in the Global South. Opportunity-related indicators considered the impact of globalization and variability across nations categorized as part of the Global South. Methods: Relying on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and open-source country indicators, mixed effects logistic regression examined opportunity-related indicators on a sample of married women ( N = 239,554) from the Global South ( N = 41). Results: Exposure to motivated offenders was associated with higher odds of IPV. Individual-level vulnerability was associated with higher odds of IPV. Isolation and interviews that were interrupted, indicators of guardianship, were associated with higher odds of IPV while the number of people in the household was associated with lower odds. More Parliamentary seats held by women was associated with higher odds of IPV. Nine cross-level interactions were significant. Conclusions: National-level factors moderated the influence of individual-level opportunity, reinforcing the Global South is not monolithic. The traveling of IPV programing from the Global North to the Global South is likely ineffective. Programs must consider how context shapes individual experiences.

During the 1960s, the Cuban government attempted to play a leadership role within the Latin American Left. In the process Cuban leaders departed from Marxist−Leninist orthodoxy, garnering harsh criticism from their Soviet and Chinese allies. Yet Cuba found a steadfast supporter of its controversial positions in North Korea. This support can in large part be explained by the parallels between Cuban and North Korean ideas about revolution in the developing nations of the Global South. Most significantly, both parties embraced a radical reconceptualisation of the role of the Marxist−Leninist vanguard party. This new doctrine appealed primarily to younger Latin American militants frustrated with the established leftist parties and party politics in general. The Cuban/North Korean theory of the party had a tangible influence in Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Mexico, Bolivia and Nicaragua, as revolutionary groups in these societies took up arms in the 1960s and 1970s.

Annual global satellite-based estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are widely relied upon for air-quality assessment. Here, we develop and apply a methodology for monthly estimates and uncertainties during the period 1998-2019, which combines satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth, chemical transport modeling, and ground-based measurements to allow for the characterization of seasonal and episodic exposure, as well as aid air-quality management. Many densely populated regions have their highest PM2.5 concentrations in winter, exceeding summertime concentrations by factors of 1.5-3.0 over Eastern Europe, Western Europe, South Asia, and East Asia. In South Asia, in January, regional population-weighted monthly mean PM2.5 concentrations exceed 90 μg/m3, with local concentrations of approximately 200 μg/m3 for parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. In East Asia, monthly mean PM2.5 concentrations have decreased over the period 2010-2019 by 1.6-2.6 μg/m3/year, with decreases beginning 2-3 years earlier in summer than in winter. We find evidence that global-monitored locations tend to be in cleaner regions than global mean PM2.5 exposure, with large measurement gaps in the Global South. Uncertainty estimates exhibit regional consistency with observed differences between ground-based and satellite-derived PM2.5. The evaluation of uncertainty for agglomerated values indicates that hybrid PM2.5 estimates provide precise regional-scale representation, with residual uncertainty inversely proportional to the sample size.

Доказывается, что динамику и характер структурных трансформаций в современной мировой экономике во многом определяет столкновение процессов индустриализации 2.0 Глобального Юга и попыток запустить новую волну индустриализации Глобального Севера. Для подтверждения на материалах Всемирного банка впервые составлены и проанализированы 3 рейтинга 50 ведущих промышленных держав на 2004-2020-2021 гг. Показано удвоение вклада стран Глобального Юга в мировое промышленное производство за 2004-2021 гг. и их доминирование в производстве и запасах базовых энергоносителей и ключевых минералов для энергоперехода. Разобраны основные направления сдерживания промышленного развития Глобального Юга и его обоюдоострые последствия., The paper proves that the dynamics and nature of structural transformations in the modern world economy are largely determined by the collision of industrialization 2.0 in the Global South and attempts to launch new industrialization in the Global North. To confirm this suggestion, basing on the World Bank data 3 ratings of the 50 largest industrial economies in the world for 2004-2020-2021 were compiled and examined for the first time. The research findings show the doubling of the Global South’s contribution to global industrial production for 2004-2021 and its dominance in the production and reserves of basic energy resources and key minerals for energy transition. The main constraints to industrial development in the Global South and its doubleedged consequences for the Global North are considered.

Southern Africa is understood to be a climate change hotspot, with youth and children most likely to be affected. The region has already suffered climate variability, with increased occurrence of floods and droughts, which are expected to escalate in the future. Despite the fact that young people in the region are central to ecological and social justice debates, they are often depicted as uninterested and excluded from policy and decision- making spaces – especially those living in global and urban peripheries. In this article, I speak to the nexus of youth, social and environmental justice, and climate politics. I do so by unpacking the everyday concerns and negotiations of youth activists in the urban periphery of Lephalale in Limpopo, South Africa – not typically seen as an urban centre or a site of youth politics. Lephalale is viewed as a future hub of power generation in South Africa, the rapid growth of the town being based on the expansion of coal extractivism. The complexities and paradoxes around how youth are navigating their futures in this site of mega coal projects are explored through two case studies: the Lephalale Unemployment Forum and the Waterberg Environmental Justice Forum. With climate and environmental catastrophe producing both shrinking futures and horizons of possibility, I argue that youth contestation and negotiation of their futures hold out possibilities, even with their contradictions, for collective reimagining of urban space and development. Through the methodology I employed to explore these negotiations and contestations, I aimed to be cognisant of how research is embedded in context-specific power-laden social relations. While it was not explicitly collaborative research, what emerged from the process was the importance of slow, informal relationship-building before, during and after the research, which would be the basis for a collaborative research project years later. This way of conducting slow research is particularly necessary for engagement across racial, cultural and class divisions, as well as for research that traverses the boundary between academia and social movements in this time of crisis.

The global automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation to combat the climate crisis and embrace a greener future. The popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide is quickly surpassing that of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles, driven by stringent emissions laws and government incentives. However, EV production emits pollutants and relies on electricity often generated by fossil fuels, raising environmental concerns. Additionally, labor issues and geopolitical tensions arise from resource extraction practices.To ensure a sustainable transition, critical improvements in the procurement supply chain, manufacturing processes (especially battery technology), and labor practices are necessary. Accompanying climate control initiatives outlined in the Paris Agreement are essential for the proliferation of EVs globally.

Discourses on open science in the global North have tended to focus on technical requirements and policy compliance while emphasizing productivity and “accelerating discovery” as the goal. Such framings have favoured the replication and consolidation of existing inequities in the global knowledge production system, excluding scholars in the margins, particularly early career researchers (ECR), who are the most precarious in the current system. Responsible research should go beyond normative practices of doing science and be more intentional about the conditions of its production. This requires expanding thinking about openness to include epistemic diversity, communities and excluded knowledges, and citational justice while moving from the extractive modes of knowledge production to generative and re-generative forms of knowledge making and sharing. Above all, responsible research is not possible when the working conditions of scientists, particularly for ECR, are irresponsible and highly precarious., This talk was presented as a keynote on the 1st of December at a virtual symposium, which explored "Global Dynamics in Responsible Research". The symposium is hosted by The Einstein Foundation and organised by eLife Community Ambassadors.

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552 Digital object identifier for the 'European Research Council' (http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781), Digital object identifier for 'Horizon 2020' (http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007601). This paper contributes to global perspectives on gentrification by interrogating the experiences of urban redevelopment and transformation in the global South. Through unpacking the contradictions of public space revitalization and upgrading in two favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we critically examine changes to the socio-spatial fabric of informal settlements over time. Our analysis reveals that upgrading projects, when combined with stateled favela pacification, create socio-spatial legibility through three inter-related pathways ofphysical, symbolic, and economic discipline. In the outset, favela upgrading increases property prices and produces an urban scenario molded for outsiders while simultaneously invisibilizing traditional cultural and social uses. For favela residents, however, upgrading is experienced as iterative processes of securitization and restriction, which involve strategies such as environmental clean-up, property enclosure, police violence, and new exclusionary forms of investments. As a result, the most socially vulnerable residents are controlled, coercively driven away, and slowly erased. Over time, the apparent integration of the formal and informal city, of the rich and the poor, of the 'asphalt' and the 'hill' in Rio de Janeiro produces new forms of separation, segregation, and fragmentation.

[p.1]: "Much research regarding sign language-medium education for deaf learners has taken place in the global North, which has often been regarded as a source of expert knowledge about deaf education and sign languages (Branson & Miller, 2004; Moriarty Harrelson, 2019). This special issue focuses on education for deaf learners in the global South as a site of knowledge production. This issue highlights contributions from researchers and practitioners from the global South who study the need for, implementation, and progress of programmes for deaf learners that utilise a national sign language as a medium of instruction. The term “national sign language” is used by the World Federation of the Deaf to refer to one or several sign languages that are part of the linguistic ecology of a country (J. J. Murray, personal communication, December 3, 2020). While the global South is not a static category (Friedner, 2017), this term refers to histories of exclusion (Pennycook & Makoni, 2020). In the context of deaf education, the term also refers to sites that have been subject to certain “prescriptivist modernization programs focused on introducing global North models of deaf education” and global North sign languages and sign systems (Moriarty, 2020, p. 198). In these contexts for intervention, certain historical figures, such as Frances Parsons, loom large. Parsons, a deaf professor of art history from Gallaudet University who became a US Peace Corps consultant, was a proponent of Total Communication as a system of sign-supported speech. In the 1970s and 1980s, she visited countries in South America, the AsiaPacific region, and Africa to promote the use of Total Communication as a sign system related to ASL (Moriarty, 2020; Scott & Henner, 2021). The ongoing impact of Parson’s efforts in these contexts, where an ASL-based sign system sometimes displaces the use of Indigenous national sign languages in classrooms with deaf children, is illustrative of the risks inherent to intervening in signing communities outside of the global North (Braithwaite, 2020). As well, regarding the global South as a locus for intervention by global North researchers risks positioning sign-language medium (or bilingual) education for deaf children as an invention of white people (Bell, 2006)."