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A variety of products have been used on seeds to maintain or increase their grain yield potential. In this study, we evaluated the effect of different seed treatment products, such as micronutrients, polymer, fungicide, and insecticide on the yield components and grain yield of wheat. Wheat seeds of the cultivar “Tec Vigore” were subjected to 12 treatments, in different combinations, using the following protective seed products: micronutrient 1 (1% Mn, 0.1% Mo, 10% Zn), micronutrient 2 (0.3% B, 0.3% Co, 3% Zn), polymer (ColorSeed HE®), fungicide (Vitavax®-Thiram 200 SC), and insecticide (Cruiser® 350 FS). At the point of physiological maturity, we proceeded with the following evaluations of the wheat crop: the number of tillers per plant, the number of fertile tillers per plant, grains per ear, the mass of grains per ear, and grain yield. Seed treatment did not affect the number of grains per ear or the mass of grains per ear. The number of tillers per plant and the number of fertile tillers per plant were higher in seeds treated with fungicide + insecticide; however, seed treatment did not significantly affect wheat grain yield. Uma variedade de produtos vem sendo utilizada no tratamento de sementes para manter ou aumentar o potencial produtivo de grãos. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes produtos aplicados no tratamento de sementes, como micronutrientes, polímero, fungicida e inseticida sobre os componentes do rendimento e a produtividade do trigo. Sementes de trigo da cultivar Tec Vigore foram submetidas a doze tratamentos, em diferentes combinações, utilizando os seguintes produtos protetores de sementes: micronutriente 1 (1% Mn, 0,1% Mo, 10% Zn), micronutriente 2 (0,3% B, 0,3% Co; 3 % Zn), polímero (ColorSeed HE®), fungicida (Vitavax®-Thiram 200 SC) e inseticida (Cruiser® 350 FS). Na maturação fisiológica do trigo, procedemos as seguintes avaliações: número de perfilhos por planta, número de perfilhos férteis por planta, grãos por espiga, massa de grãos por espiga e produtividade de grãos. O tratamento de sementes não afetou o número de grãos por espiga nem a massa de grãos por espiga. O número de perfilhos por planta e o número de perfilhos férteis por planta foram superiores em sementes tratadas com fungicida + inseticida, entretanto o tratamento de sementes não afetou significativamente a produtividade de grãos de trigo.

This article deals with the two arrival ways of the worship of the goddesses Demeter and Core at Sicily (Gela-Siracuse and Selinous). The author considers them to be at the same time the arrival ways of their worship and their iconography at Carthago. It is argued also about some hypothesis which are thought good nowadays. Finally, the author goes into the evidences of their worship in the Punic mother country. Special attention is turned to thymiatheria shaped like a woman's head and to some pieces of statues with a pig in their bosom.

El presente trabajo pretende esbozar una hipóte - sis preliminar sobre cómo debieron de ser las técnicas y los rasgos arquitectónicos principales de los barcos de la cultura fenicia, a partir de los escasos restos materiales en madera que han llegado hasta la actualidad, analizando su origen y su posible difusión por el Mediterráneo. Desde una visión de conjunto de la arquitectura naval antigua y a través de la in - terpretación de algunos pecios jonio massaliotas y otros en la península ibérica, hemos tratado de esbozar cuáles debie - ron de ser las principales técnicas constructivas de los feni - cios, que por sus superiores prestaciones acabaron desban - cando primero a las tradiciones de herencia griega, para ya posteriormente en época helenística, perpetuarse hasta el fin de la Antigüedad. La técnica constructiva que probablemente difundieron los fenicios por el Mediterráneo es el armado del casco por espigas y mortajas fijadas por clavijas. En el pre - sente trabajo se hace la propuesta arqueológica de que los fe - nicios unieron la carpintería transversal al casco mediante la técnica denominada “clavos a la punta retorcida”. This paper offers an initial hypothesis concerning the techniques and architectural features of Phoenician sail - ing vessels, based on the limited wooden remains that have survived to the present, analyzing their origins and possi - ble diffusion throughout the Mediterranean. We believe that it is possible to highlight the most likely main features of Phoenician ship construction through a contextual analy - sis that incorporates a broader view of ancient naval archi - tecture along with a more detailed analysis of several spe - cific sites, including some Ionians and Iberian shipwrecks. Due to their superior performance characteristics, Phoe - nician shipbuilding techniques initially displaced those of the Greek shipbuilding traditions, and subsequently in the Hellenistic period were adopted by the Romans, persist - ing through Late Antiquity and beyond. It seems clear that pegged mortise-and-tenon joinery was a construction tech - nique of Phoenician origin, and we further argue that the Phoenicians joined frames to the hull by means of so-called “clenched” nails.

Con el objeto de poder determinar en el futuro los cruzamientos más deseables al combinar cuatro tipos de cebada, se estudió en Duitama y en Samacá (Boyacá, Colombia), el efecto diferencial del tipo de espiga y de grano en el rendimiento final y sus componentes, de doce genotipos, en un diseño de parcelas divididas, con cuatro repeticiones. Se efectuó análisis de varianza para cada una de las localidades y características evaluadas, tomando el promedio del grupo de los genotipos involucrados. La comparación de medias de tratamientos, se realizó por el método de Diferencia Mínima Significativa. Los genotipos con espigas de dos carreras produjeron mayor número de macollas efectivas (Samacá) y granos más pesados (Duitama, Samacá), mientras que los de seis carreras tuvieron un mayor número de granos por espiga (Duitama, Samacá). Adicionalmente, en Duitama, los genotipos con granos desnudos produjeron mayor número de granos, pero los de granos cubiertos dieron granos más pesados. La interacción entre el número de carreras y el tipo de grano solo presentó significancia para el número de granos por espiga, en la localidad de Duitama. En cuanto al rendimiento de grano seco en Duitama, ninguna de las fuentes de variación mostró efectos significativos. Respecto al número de carreras, se pudo deber a compensación entre los componentes del rendimiento, algunos mayores y otros menores en uno u otro tipo, entre las cebadas de dos y seis carreras evaluadas. In order to avoid no desired crosses to combine four types of barley, the differential effect of spike type and grain on final yield and its components was studied in twelve genotypes at Duitama and Samacá (Boyacá, Colombia) in a split-plot design with four replications. An analysis of variance was practiced, locally, for each variable taking the mean genotype groups as a treatment and not an individual genotype. Differences among treatments were determined by a Least Significance Difference. Two-rowed barley genotypes gave a higher number of effective tillers (Samacá) and heavier kernels (Duitama, Samacá); while, six-rowed barley genotypes had a greater number of kernels/spike (Duitama, Samacá). Additionally, in Duitama, hull absent kernel barley genotypes produced a greater number of kernels/spike; but, hulled kernel barley genotypes gave heavier kernels. The row number x hull prevalence interaction only affected the kernels/spike number (Duitama). As for the yield of dry grain in Duitama, none of the sources of variation presented significant effects. With regard to the row number, this may be due to compensation between the yield components, some higher than others in one or another type, between the two-rowed and six-rowed barleys evaluated. Incluye referencias bibliográficas