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Head injury (HIT) is a public health problem, post-traumatic pituitary deficits are a rare complication, the etiopathogenic mechanisms of pituitary insufficiency in HIT are variable, the most frequent deficiency in HIT is that of GH and gonadotropins, hypothalamic-pituitary MRI is the key paraclinical examination; and management is multidisciplinary.

Hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumors in the pediatric age group. They originate from embryonic remnants of unipotent angioblastic cells. Although hemangiomas may occur anywhere within the abdomen, including the solid organs, hollow viscera, ligaments, and abdominal wall, the liver is the most common site. Cavernous hemangiomas of the sigmoid colon are uncommon vascular malformations usually found in young adults with a long history of episodic and painless rectal bleeding. Imaging plays an essential role in diagnosis and post-therapeutic follow- up. The diagnosis of certainty remains histological and the treatment is essentially surgical. We report a case of cavernous hemangioma of the sigmoid diagnosed in a 5-year-old boy admitted to our hospital for investigation of repeated episodes of rectal bleeding. The diagnosis was confirmed after a histological examination.

Hirayama disease is a rare non-progressive spinal muscular atrophy related to flexion movements of the neck. It is considered a benign motor neuron disorder with a stationary stage after a progressive course. We report a case of an 18-years old male with a history of asymmetric weakness and amyotrophy of the distal right upper extremity, suggestive of Hirayama disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine was obtained both in flexion and neutral position. MRI showed loss of cervical lordosis with focal areas of lower cervical cord atrophy with increased T2 signal intensity of the spinal cervical cord in a neutral position and anterior displacement of the detached posterior dura from the underlying flexion position.

Lipomas of the small intestine are rare benign tumors, often asymptomatic and rarely complicating intestinal obstruction. Acute manifestations, such as partial or complete obstruction, are uncommon. We report a case of intestinal obstruction due to torsion of a pedunculated parietal lipoma in a 36-year-old woman admitted for acute abdominal pain with an absence of passage of flatus and feces. CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of bowel obstruction and showed a fatty mass. Surgery consisted of a tumerectomy. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a lipocytic lipoma.

Introduction: Holoprosencephaly is a rare cerebral malformation, of multiple etiologies and often associated with other malformations, particularly facial. It results from a defect in the early development of the prosencephalon. The fetal prognosis is extremely poor, especially in the alobar form. Objective: The aim of this work is to illustrate through this observation the contribution of fetal MRI in the antenatal diagnosis of this rare and serious pathology. Case Report: We report the case of a 26-year-old primigravida and primiparous parturient referred for suspected agenesis of the vermis and corpus callosum following a first ultrasound performed in the third trimester of pregnancy. The pregnancy was not followed up and the date of last menstrual period was unknown. A fetal MRI was performed showing: A mono-fetal pregnancy in cephalic presentation with fundial placenta, A single ventricle with posterior cystic expansion and laminated aspect of the cerebral parenchyma at the frontal level, A bilateral pyelo ureteral junction syndrome. Conclusion: Alobar holoprosencephaly is a rare and fatal pathology with a great etiological heterogeneity. It can be part of a polymalformative syndrome. It results from a cleavage anomaly of the prosencephalon into cerebral hemispheres. The antenatal diagnosis is based on obstetrical ultrasound completed by fetal MRI allowing an exhaustive lesion assessment of this pathology with an extremely reserved prognosis.

The present paper deals with convergence issues of Lohmöller’s procedure for the computation of the components in the PLS-PM algorithm. More datasets and proofs are given to highlight the convergence failure of this procedure. Consequently, a new procedure based on the Signless Lapalacien matrix of the indirect graph between constructs is introduced. In several cases that will be specified in this paper, both monotony and error convergence for this new procedure will be established. Several comparisons will be presented between the new procedure and the two conventionally used procedures (Lohmöller’s and Hanafi-Wold’s procedures).

In this paper, we generalize the properties of the correlation matrix implied bya recursive path model using the Finite Iterative Method into the covariance case wherevariables are no more supposed to be standardized. We demonstrate that the implied co-variance matrix computed using the Finite Iterative Method is affine with respect to themodel parameters. Moreover, many other properties derive from this affinity and will be usedto simplify the computation of the first as well as the second derivatives of the UnweightedLeast Square Function used as an objective function in the estimation of the model param-eters. Illustrated and numerical examples are given to show the advantage of the proposedproperties as an alternative to the classical approximation used to compute the aforemen-tioned derivatives.

Retroperitoneal paraganglioma is a rare neoplasm that develops from chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines in the sympathetic ganglia. They are frequently functional and may be benign or malignant depending on the presence of metastasis and/or the occurrence of recurrence. Different imaging modalities play a crucial role in detecting these tumors. The typical CT appearance of PG is that of a well limited isodense mass with an intense contrast enhancement. On MRI, the mass presents an isosignal or hyposignal in T1 and hypersignal in T2 with an early and intense enhancement. The final diagnosis is based on histological and immunohistochemical findings and the surgical excision is the mainstay of the treatment. However, these tumors are often difficult to diagnose and treat. We report a case of a 30-year-old female patient who presented with a 3 months history of constipation, revealing on computed tomography (CT) a retroperitoneal mass lateralized on the right with a close connection to the inferior vena cava. Urine normetadrenaline (metanephrine) was elevated at 451 ug/24h. Neck and chest CT scan and scintigraphy with 123-I labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) were negative. Complete resection of the tumor was performed. The histological examination and immunohistochemical analyses concluded the diagnosis of a paraganglioma.

This article attempts to analyze the development of intercultural communicative competence in Moroccan universities to identify whether the pedagogy administered by teachers and educators caters to the intercultural competence goals and teaching objectives and whether students manage to develop their competencies over their undergraduate program. The researcher conducts questionnaires with 875 university students from three different English departments in three different universities and 40 observation classes. Besides, investigations are implemented on the curriculum content, the materials, and the teaching strategies involved in developing intercultural competence. Findings generated from data demonstrate that most Moroccan university students partly develop their intercultural competence from S2 to S6 on particular intercultural components, including attitudes, skills, and values. Conclusions attest that more efforts are to be considered by policymakers and educators to rethink the factors halting this development and design more advanced strategies and syllabi that contribute to the improvement of all intercultural components central to adequate and appropriate foreign communications.

The issue of teaching in the mother tongue has generated significant and controversial debates among decision-makers and has engendered different policies aiming to enhance the use of mother tongues into educational curricula. Africa is a perfect illustration of a continent where mother tongues have been marginalized over years to let the place to foreign and colonial languages to expand and become official languages.This article reviews the current situation of African languages as means of instruction and provides some anticipation for the use of mother tongues in educational systems designed in future national strategic plans. The study of these plans has been conducted in order to examine whether African countries have been able to achieve the significant resolutions derived from the UNESCO conference in 1953 and whether they apply bilingual approaches properly without ignoring the importance of mother tongues. Results have demonstrated that most African countries have been able to use their own mother tongue as the language of instruction together with a foreign language, and seek to adopt the same strategy in the coming years. Few countries on the other hand plan to change from using the mother tongue into applying one foreign language only.

Formulation of the problem. Ecosystem services are resources and benefits that modern humanity can receive from the nature. It is the material benefit from abiogenic and biogenic components of various natural ecosystems. There were not large-scale studies according of evaluation ecosystem services in the Ukrainian water area of the Black Sea before, it is the actual environmental and socio-economic problem. Review of previous publications. The main approach to evaluating the state of ecosystems in the EU countries based on the choice of load indicators on the ecosystems and their mapping. Multi-level approach implies the next steps: detection and evaluation of services (indicators, borders, quantitative assessment); calculations and a demonstration of value (assessment in physical units and money equivalent); court fixation and solutions (tools - subsidies, taxes, payments for ecosystem services, etc.). Purpose. The man goal of the paper is analysis and estimation of modern state of ecosystem services, methods and perspectives of their using. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the critical analysis of existing approaches to the assessment of ecosystem services of marine and coastal ecosystems. During the preparing of the paper published data had been used, as well as the materials of personal research on various aspects of the evaluation of ecosystem services of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea. Results. Marine and coastal ecosystems play a critical role in providing key services such as food supply, sequestration of anthropogenic carbon, waste management, biological regulation and the provision of habitat for hydrobionts. However, along with other ecosystems, today they are under serious anthropogenic pressure. Some types of anthropogenic activities have a very negative effect to the condition of natural ecosystems and to receive of their services. The ecosystems of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea are the living place of numerous organisms. These ecosystems consist on supporting services. Important regulatory services provide wetlands protected by the Ramsar Convention. The most intense cycle of nutrient substances occurs in the river’s mouth areas. The marine environment absorbs, disinfects and processes all sorts of waste production and consumption. Conclusions. Take into account of the limited information of the of ecosystem services under the Northwestern part of the Black Sea, the first task is to determine the needs of local populations for these services, collection and generalization of information about their condition, coordination of their assessment methods for the region and the evaluation itself.

The Warthin-like variant is a rare and relatively unknown entity of papillary thyroid carcinoma. It is frequently associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The cytologic diagnosis is difficult to evaluate because of the overlap of its findings with the classic variant and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. However, this variant has unique morphologic features that make it easily recognizable on histologic examination. These tumors have a resemblance to Warthin's tumor of salivary gland origin.The few case series reported in the literature have suggested that the mean age, sex distribution, circumstances of discovery, and prognosis are the same as those reported for classic papillary thyroid carcinoma.We report here a case of Warthin like variant papillary thyroid carcinoma in a 42-year-old female patient followed for Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

The purpose of this work is to present an improved energy conservation method for hyperelastodynamic contact problems based on specific normal compliance conditions. In order to determine this Improved Normal Compliance (INC) law, we use a Moreau--Yosida $\alpha$-regularization to approximate the unilateral contact law. Then, based on the work of Hauret--LeTallec \cite{hauret2006energy}, we propose in the discrete framework a specific approach allowing to respect the energy conservation of the system in adequacy with the continuous case. This strategy (INC) is characterized by a conserving behavior for frictionless impacts and admissible dissipation for friction phenomena while limiting penetration. Then, we detail the numerical treatment within the framework of the semi-smooth Newton method and primal-dual active set strategy for the normal compliance conditions with friction. We finally provide some numerical experiments to bring into light the energy conservation and the efficiency of the INC method by comparing with different classical methods from the literature throught representative contact problems., Comment: To appear

The Gulf of Mexico is a large, productive, marine and coastal ecosystem providing the coastal residents and neighbouring regions with goods and services. The Gulf of Mexico's water area plays a significant role in shaping the climate across the coastal zone and the thermal state of the region's water also has a major impact on development of atmospheric processes over the Atlantic and Europe. Long-term climate variability throughout the Gulf of Mexico may affect both the strength of the Gulf Stream and heat transfer patterns within the ocean and the economic activity and environmental stability of the entire Northwest Atlantic Region. This work aims at determining the characteristics of variability of temperature regime and salinity of the Gulf of Mexico over recent decades. The study was conducted based on the Gulf of Mexico Regional Climatology (GOM RC) data, version 2, available at the website of the NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). It analyzes the temperature and salinity values at different depths for the period of 2005-2017. According to the analysis, over 2005-2017 the spatial distribution of the average annual water temperature on the Gulf of Mexico's surface demonstrates its decrease from south to north. Its highest value is observed next to the northwestern coast of Cuba and along the coastal area of the Bay of Campeche, and the lowest temperature is observed at Apalachee Bay located in the northeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Though significant horizontal temperature gradients are observed in winter, during the warm period the temperature field is more homogeneous. The minimum average monthly water temperature on the surface is observed in January, the maximum one – in September. The most distinct seasonal changes in temperature are observed in the water of the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico next to the United States' coast. The distribution of average annual salinity of the most of the Gulf of Mexico is homogeneous with the exception of its northern part, especially in the area where the Mississippi River water flows into it, where salinity decreases sharply. Graphs of water temperature and salinity distribution at different depths across different areas of the gulf were constructed in order to determine the water stratification.

Topicality. Climate change in the Black Sea region in recent decades poses certain risks to the econo-mies of countries of region, and may have a significant negative impact on the state of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The main areas of economic activity in the Black Sea are maritime freight, oil and gas production and transportation, industrial extraction of marine biological resources, recreational and tourist activities in coastal areas, etc. The Black Sea significantly affects the climate of the south-eastern part of the European continent, forming regional climatic features in the area. The development of measures to adapt to climate change requires the collection and analysis of data on the state of the climate system and the current characteristics of their interaction and feedback. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to review and analyze information on regional climate change observed in recent decades to find patterns and possible links with the variability of the hydrological regime of the Black Sea. Results. This paper contains information on the main climatic characteristics of the Black Sea region, such as air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, as well as indicators of cyclonic activity. Conclusions. In recent decades, the Black Sea region has seen an increase in air temperature caused by changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation, in the form of increased recurrence of anticyclonic processes, leading to a decrease in clouds and an increase in shortwave radiation entering the underlying surface. At the same time, since the mid-2000s, the increase in average annual air temperature has increased. The average annual rainfall is maintained in most parts of the region, with the exception of the eastern part of the Black Sea coast of Turkey and the coastal areas of Georgia, where there is an increase in both rainfall and the frequency of extreme rainfall. At the same time, there is some increase in both the intensity and amount of winter precipitation over the Black Sea. Wind speeds in the Black Sea region as a whole show a decrease in their values, with some increase in the western part of the Black Sea, which is also associated with changes in the peculiarities of circulating processes that develop over South-Eastern Europe.

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a relatively rare complication of metastatic lung tumors. In most of the previously reported cases, pulmonary metastases associated with spontaneous pneumothorax tended to originate from osteosarcoma or soft-tissue sarcomas. We hereby report a case of a bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax, in a 45 years-old female revealing lung metastasis of a soft tissue sarcoma.

In this paper, a class of multi-input multi-output nonlinearly perturbed Markovian jump systems with partially unknown transition rates is considered. We assume that this class of systems is characterized only by some structural properties such as the system is strongly minimum phase, with a strict relative degree one set and positive definite high frequency gain matrices. For this class of systems, a universal adaptive high gain controller, which is not based on estimation algorithms or identification of parameters, is designed such that in the presence of certain nonlinear perturbations and external disturbances, the convergence and the boundedness of the closed-loop system signals in the mean square sense are ensured. A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) helicopter example is provided to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the obtained results.

In this paper, we present a complete and efficient solution of guidance, navigation and control for a quadrotor platform to accomplish 3D coverage flight missions in mapped vineyard terrains. Firstly, an occupancy grid map of the terrain is used to generate a safe guiding coverage path using an Iterative Structured Orientation planning algorithm. Secondly, way-points are extracted from the generated path and added to them trajectory’s velocities and accelerations constraints. The constrained way-points are fed into a Linear Quadratic Regulator algorithm so as to generate global minimum snap optimal trajectory while satisfying both the pointing and the corridor constraints. Then, when facing unexpected obstacles, the quadrotor tends to re-plan its path in real-time locally using an Improved Artificial Potential Field algorithm. Finally, a geometric trajectory tracking controller is developed on the Special Euclidean group SE(3). The aim of this controller is to track the generated trajectory while pointing towards predetermined direction using the vector measurements provided by the inertial unit. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through several simulation results. In particular, safe guiding paths are achieved. Obstacle-free optimal trajectories that satisfy the way-point position, the pointing direction, and the corridor constraints, are successfully generated with optimized platform snap. Besides, the implemented geometric controller can achieve higher trajectory tracking accuracy with an absolute value of the maximum error in the order of 10−3 m.

Necrobiosis lipoidica is a rare chronic granulomatous disease, often associated with diabetes mellitus. It is due to collagen degeneration with risk of ulceration. Necrobiosis lipoidica affects 0.3 to 1.2% of diabetic patients, mainly in the leg. Its etiology is not yet well understood. The diagnosis is usually made clinically but a skin biopsy may be necessary in case of atypical lesions. The evolution is chronic with ulceration and degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma as the main complications, which remains exceptional. Several therapies have been proposed: topical corticosteroids in the first instance, but no treatment has proven to have a lasting effective response. Diabetes control does not seem to influence the evolution of the disease. &nbsp

Partial least squares path modeling is a statistical method that allows to analyze complex dependence relationships among several blocks of observed variables, each one represented by a latent variable. The computation of latent variable scores is an essential step of the method, achieved through an iterative procedure named here Hanafi–Wold’s procedure. The present paper generalizes properties already known in the literature for this procedure, from which additional convergence results will be obtained.

The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the spatial distribution of the wind speed in Marrakesh - Safi region in 2021-2050, as well as the distribution of the specific power of the wind flow at various altitudes above the earth’s surface to determine the wind class of the area in the coming decades. Currently, the region has two large wind farms: Essaouira-Amogdoul and Tarfayer. To assess the future state of climate in Marrakesh − Safi region, the results of calculations of regional climate models (RCM) of the CORDEX-Africa project for the period 2021-2050 were used. The RCM modeling was carried out for the region of Africa, in a rectangular coordinate system with a spatial resolution of ~ 44 km. Model calculation was performed taking into account the greenhouse gas concentration trajectory of RCP 4.5. As a result of simulation for the period 2021-2050, mean monthly values of wind speed "sfcWind" (m·s-1) and the daily maximum near-surface wind speed "sfcwindmax" (m·s-1) at 10 m height were obtained. Then, based on the wind speed rows, the values of the wind power density at a height of 50 m and 100 m were calculated. The results of model calculations of wind speed showed that the ensemble mean of wind speed for the period 2021-2050 will be from 3.8 m∙s-1 in Kelaat Sraghna Province to 7.2 m∙s-1 on the stretch of the Atlantic coast between Cap Sim and Cap Tafelny.The distribution over the territory will be influenced by proximity to the ocean, models predict the highest wind speeds on the coast, and when moving deep into the region, the wind speed will decrease.The analysis of simulation results showed that in the coastal areas of the region favorable conditions in terms of wind energy development will remain, and the highest wind speeds of the model are predicted on the Atlantic coast between Cap Sim and Cap Tafelny. By the size of the specific power of the wind flow, significant wind resources will have the territory lying along the coast from Cap Sim to the southern border of the region, and in the area of the power plants Essaouira-Amogdoul and Tarfayer models predict the conditions corresponding to the outstanding wind power class.

In this paper, the problem of universal adaptive stabilization is investigated for a class of multi-input multi-output Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs) with partially unknown transition rates (TRs). The class of systems that we are considering is characterized only by some structural assumptions. Firstly, we show the high-gain stochastic stabilizability, that is, any system belonging to this class can be stabilized by a mode-dependent output feedback controller, provided that the proportional gain for every mode is sufficiently large. Moreover, a universal adaptive high-gain controller, which is not based on identification or any estimation algorithms, is presented. It is shown that this controller ensures the convergence and the boundedness of the closed-loop system signals in the mean square sense. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approaches. MJLSs, high-gain stabilizability, universal adaptive control, output feedback, partially unknown TRs.

The article considers the results of an estimation of the shortwave radiation flux at the surface in Morocco from 2021-2050. Average monthly values of shortwave radiation coming to the underlying surface (Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation, RSDS), calculated using 11 regional climate models of the CORDEX-Africa project, were used as input data. The model calculation was performed assuming a greenhouse gas concentration scenario of RCP4.5. The aim of the work is to determine the characteristics of the distribution of shortwave radiation over the territory of Morocco from 2021-2050 and to identify areas with favourable conditions for developing solar energy in the near future. The results of an analysis of annual RSDS values in the vicinity of the solar power station in Ouarzazate in 2021-2050 are also presented.

Corpus des monnaies almoravides by Daniel Eustache, Abdellatif Jouahri and Ahmed Ettahiri. Collection de Bank al-Maghrib et autres collections mondiales, publiques et privées. Bank al-Maghrib, Rabat, 2017. 381 pp. ISBN-13: 9789981873780.

L’objectif de cet article est de contribuer à comprendre le comportement managérial d’une PME, en l’occurrence un cas d’une école privée à Tanger, à la lumière de la théorie des stakeholders (Freeman, 1984 ; Mitchell et al., 1997) élaborée dans la grande firme. Une approche qui trouve tout son intérêt dans un contexte de crise telle que la Covid-19 ; une crise processuelle qui remet en cause les références des stakeholders et leurs attentes en conséquence (Roux-Dufort, 2003). L’étude de cas permet d’analyser le changement du comportement des acteurs de l’école à l’aune des changements des attentes de ses différents stakeholders et l’efficacité de ce changement. Les sept types de stakeholders du modèle de Mitchell et al déclinés en 03 catégories ; « latents », « en attente » ou « définitifs » reflétant l’exhaustivité des cas de figure possibles des stakeholders ont pu être identifiés dans notre cas d’analyse. L’approche contingente de la PME (Torres, 2003), permet de mieux appréhender la question de l’adaptabilité/la transposition des approches théoriques et des outils de gestion de la grande firme à la PME tout en conservant leurs valeurs aussi bien scientifiques qu’opérationnels.

In Path Analysis, especially in social sciences studies, many researchers usually assume that errors in the model are uncorrelated with all exogenous variables as well as with each other. These assumptions, in most cases, are not valid in reality and were introduced to facilitate the model estimation. This article establishes a new algorithm for the computation of the correlation matrix implied by a recursive path model that overcomes these drawbacks. We compare our algorithm to two other methods used in the literature. The comparison was made mathematically through an illustrated example and numerically with a simulation study. The findings show that, unlike the classical methods, the proposed method gives more accurate results.

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a statistical technique that assesses a hypothesized causal model byshowing whether or not, it fits the available data. One of the major steps in SEM is the computation of the covariance matrix implied by the specified model. This matrix is crucial in estimating the parameters, testing the validity of the model and, make useful interpretations. In the present paper, two methods used for this purpose are presented: the J¨oreskog’s formula and the finite iterative method. These methods are characterized by the manner of the computation and based on some apriori assumptions. To make the computation more simplistic and the assumptions less restrictive, a new algorithm for the computation of the implied covariance matrix is introduced. It consists of a modification of the finite iterative method. An illustrative example of the proposed method is presented. Furthermore, theoretical and numerical comparisons between the exposed methods with the proposed algorithm are discussed and illustrated

The purpose of this paper is to design a reconfigurable antenna that operates in two frequencies bands: 2.4 GHz the frequency allocated to the Wi-Fi application and the 28 GHz frequency Band for 5G applications. The total size of the antenna is 30 × 26.5 mm2, it is printed on a FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. We used the commercially available software CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (electromagnetic simulator) which is based on the FDTD method, to simulate the reconfigurable antenna and to determine the electromagnetic characteristics of this antenna (S11, VSWR and directivity)

L���objectif de cet article est de d��montrer l���int��r��t d���une approche manag��riale de l�����cole au Maroc. Ceci �� travers une des fonctions cl��s du management au sens de Fayol (1924) : le contr��le ; une fonction davantage appr��hend��e et analys��e par la th��orie d���agence d��velopp��e par Jensen et Meckling (1976) ainsi que par l���approche th��orique du stakeholdering (Donaldson et Preston, 1995 ; Blair M., 1995 ; Jones, 1995) qui con��oit l���organisation comme �� un n��ud de contrats ��. La conception d���un rapport d���audit de la qualit�� de l�����cole qui s���inspire des normes de rapport de l���audit financier permettrait de mieux d��finir les responsabilit��s des acteurs et intervenants au sein de l�����cole. Ceci est dict�� par l���impact r��el des rapports de certification des comptes sur les d��cisions des parties concern��es, alors que ceux relatifs au syst��me de l�����ducation n���ont qu���un impact mitig��. C���est le cas des enqu��tes internationales type TIMSS, PIRLS, PISA ou de la Banque Mondiale. Le constat est le m��me pour les enqu��tes nationales telles que le rapport r��cent (novembre 2021) PNEA du Conseil Sup��rieur de l���Education, de la Formation et de la Recherche Scientifique (CSEFRS) sur les acquis des ��l��ves de la 6��me du primaire et de la 3��me ann��e du secondaire coll��gial.

L’objectif de cet article est de démontrer l’intérêt d’une approche managériale de l’école au Maroc. Ceci à travers une des fonctions clés du management au sens de Fayol (1924) : le contrôle ; une fonction davantage appréhendée et analysée par la théorie d’agence développée par Jensen et Meckling (1976) ainsi que par l’approche théorique du stakeholdering (Donaldson et Preston, 1995 ; Blair M., 1995 ; Jones, 1995) qui conçoit l’organisation comme « un nœud de contrats ». La conception d’un rapport d’audit de la qualité de l’école qui s’inspire des normes de rapport de l’audit financier permettrait de mieux définir les responsabilités des acteurs et intervenants au sein de l’école. Ceci est dicté par l’impact réel des rapports de certification des comptes sur les décisions des parties concernées, alors que ceux relatifs au système de l’éducation n’ont qu’un impact mitigé. C’est le cas des enquêtes internationales type TIMSS, PIRLS, PISA ou de la Banque Mondiale. Le constat est le même pour les enquêtes nationales telles que le rapport récent (novembre 2021) PNEA du Conseil Supérieur de l’Education, de la Formation et de la Recherche Scientifique (CSEFRS) sur les acquis des élèves de la 6ème du primaire et de la 3ème année du secondaire collégial.

The $(1+(λ,λ))$ genetic algorithm is a recently proposed single-objective evolutionary algorithm with several interesting properties. We show that its main working principle, mutation with a high rate and crossover as repair mechanism, can be transported also to multi-objective evolutionary computation. We define the $(1+(λ,λ))$ global SEMO algorithm, a variant of the classic global SEMO algorithm, and prove that it optimizes the OneMinMax benchmark asymptotically faster than the global SEMO. Following the single-objective example, we design a one-fifth rule inspired dynamic parameter setting (to the best of our knowledge for the first time in discrete multi-objective optimization) and prove that it further improves the runtime to $O(n^2)$, whereas the best runtime guarantee for the global SEMO is only $O(n^2 \log n)$., Author generated version of a paper at GECCO 2022

Introduction: Morgagni–Stewart–Morel (MSM) syndrome is defined as the presence of hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) associated with metabolic, endocrine, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present an MSM syndrome case involving a woman with symptoms of depression and infertility. Case Report: A 38-year-old woman admitted for inaugural diabetic ketosis and she reported a history of severe frontal headache of which she had suffered for several years associated to depression, obesity, and infertility. Axial cranial computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral thickening of the inner table of the frontal bone. Her endocrine dysfunctions and neuropsychiatric symptoms are interpreted as components of Morgagni–Stewart–Morel syndrome and may correlate with the severity of the frontal hyperostosis and the cortical atrophy. Conclusion: We describe a case of MSM syndrome, presenting many of the clinical features described in the literature. The exact etiology of HFI and MSM syndrome remains unclear; the most interesting theories relate to estrogen dysfunction, obesity and leptin dysfunction, and genetics.

This work presents an alternative sol-gel method to synthesize liebenbergite (Ni2SiO4), a difficult silicate to prepare by the conventional ceramic route. The method consisted in reacting (H2Si2O5)aq with (Ni(C2H3O2)2.4H2O) under the effect of hydrothermal method. Heating of the obtained gel at 1400 °C/3 h resulted in highly pure liebenbergite, which exhibited an intense yellowish green color. Technical behavior of the latter was studied and compared with those of Ni-doped forsterite green pigments in different applications. The results indicated that their behaviors depended on olivine composition, application medium and pigment concentration. Concerning coloring performances, that of liebenbergite was found the most optimal in essentially all cases, followed by olivine with intermediate Ni content, then by olivines with low doping levels. The olivine pigments (powdered and enameled) were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS techniques; FTIR, Raman, UV–vis-NIR spectroscopies; and CIE-L*a*b* color measurements.

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Motivated by recent astrophysical observations, we investigate the shadow behaviors of four-dimensional charged rotating black holes with a cosmological constant. This study is made in terms of a reduced moduli space parameterized by the charge and the rotation parameters. For fixed observers, we analyse in some details the shadow behaviors and the corresponding naked singularities of Kerr–Newman and Kerr–Sen four-dimensional black holes in Anti-de Sitter backgrounds. Then, a comparative discussion is provided by computing the geometrical observables and the energy emission rate.

Structural Equation Models allow assessing the conformity of a theoretical model to some given data. The fundamental hypothesis of the covariance-based approach is that the covariance matrix of the model variables can be generated by the model. This matrix is called the implied covariance matrix. Several methods are used for its computation. However, it depends on many assumptions that may sometimes be unrealistic. In this paper, we assess the assumption of the correlation of the error terms and we proposed a correction to the iterative method for the computation of the implied covariance matrix. Theoretical, as well as numerical illustrations, are given to show the advantage of the corrected method.

Introduction. The Moroccan energy system is highly dependent on external energy markets. This is why the current Moroccan energy strategy is focused on deployment of renewable technologies projects. Morocco has abundant wind resources. The purpose of this publication is identifying the characteristics of wind regime in Tangier in 2021-2050 to assess the wind potential. Results. This particular study used the data of regional climate modelling (RCM) with high spatial resolution of the CORDEX project. The article contains the results of RCM modelling using the RCP 4.5 scenario presented in the rectangular coordinate system with spatial resolution of ≈ 44 km. An ensemble of 11 climatic models was used for the analysis. To verify the RCM retrospective simulations for the period of 2011-2016 were used and to verify the RCM forecasts associated with wind speed we used the observations made at the Tangier meteorological station. The performed analysis allows us to conclude that average ensemble-based series of average monthly values are close to average values of the observed meteorological parameters. The models reflect the climatic parameters with varying degrees of accuracy and their results can be used to analyze future conditions of the climatic system in this region. Average wind speed for the period of 2021-2050 at the Tangier station will be equal to 5.1 m/s which exceeds the current value of 0.6 m/s. According to the forecast the wind speed in the territory of Tanger – Tetouan − Al Hoceima region will exceed 4.5 m/s. Comparison of the RCM-calculated wind speed value with the observational data for the period of 2005-2014 showed its increase. Based on the average annual wind speed values in each of the grid's nodes the linear regression coefficients were calculated. Conclusion. RCM-modelling showed that in 2021-2050 the territory of Tanger – Tetouan − Al Hoceima region will be dominated by the conditions being favourable for operation and further development of wind energy. Comparison of model calculations with observational data of the current climatic period showed that the Strait of Gibraltar area and the adjacent territories will see the wind speed increase in the future. The maximum value of wind speed annual run will be observed during the cold period of the year which coincides with the period of increased demand for electricity by its consumers. Directions of further research. The results of this study will be used as the basis for calculating the wind power in this region in 2021-2050.

International audience; The nanoscale size of plastic debris makes them potential efficient vectors of many pollutants and more especially of metals. In order to evaluate this ability, nanoplastics were produced from microplastics collected on a beach exposed to the North Atlantic Gyre. The nanoplastics were characterized using multi-dimensional methods: asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation and dynamic light scattering coupled to several detectors. Lead (II) adsorption kinetics, isotherm and pH-edge were then carried out. The sorption reached a steady state after around 200 min. The maximum sorption capacity varied between 97% and 78.5% for both tested Pb concentrations. Lead (II) adsorption kinetics is controlled by chemical reactions with the nanoplastics surface and to a lesser extent by intraparticle diffusion. Adsorption isotherm modeling using Freundlich model demonstrated that NPG are strong adsorbents equivalent to hydrous ferric oxides such as ferrihydrite (log against 11.76 for NPG and ferrihydrite, respectively). The adsorption is dependent upon pH, in response to the Pb(II) adsorption by the oxygenated binding sites developed on account of the surface UV oxidation under environmental conditions. They could be able to compete with Fe or humic colloids for Pb binding regards to their amount and specific areas. Nanoplastics could therefore be efficient vectors of Pb and probably of many other metals as well in the environment.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) has been used to remove salt ions with carbon electrodes by the electrical double layer (EDL) mechanism. Other non-carbon materials based on pseudocapacitive mechanism resulting from faradaic reactions with fast electrosorption/desorption properties have emerged as new promising electrode materials. Until now, pseudocapacitive behavior was limited to thin film electrodes with nanometer thickness and was not yet suitable for practical application. In this work, we employed a two-times of hydrothermal synthesis process constructing MnFe2O4/Porous rGO (MFO/PrGO) nanostructure as pseudocapacitive electrodes. In this carefully designed architecture, the dense structure of MFO/rGO prepared by first-time hydrothermal process provided good connections of MFO nanoparticle with rGO framework for efficient redox charge transfer; the chemically-etched porous rGO used in the second-time hydrothermal process offered hierarchical pores for easier access of the electrode materials, both contributed in enhanced pseudocapacitive electrosorption. HRTEM verified the MnFe2O4 spinel structure and measured the inter-planar lattice parameter which functioned for ion intercalating in and out of the electrode. The MFO/PrGO electrode resulted in 237 F/g in electrosorption of ions from aqueous solution which was higher than the MFO only electrode. Finally, in the CDI experiment, the great salt electrosorption capacity of 8.9 mg/g and 100% regeneration in multiple cycles were achieved by the MFO/PrGO nanocomposite electrode. These results paved the way for using spinel compounds and graphene nanocomposite electrodes for efficient electrosorption and desalination.

Spin selectivity in photo-emission from ferromagnetic substrates functionalized with chiral organic films was analyzed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy at room temperature. Using radiation with photon energy greater than the ionization potential of the adsorbed molecules, photoelectrons were collected that originated from both underlying ferromagnetic substrates and the organic films, with kinetic energies in the range of ca. 0-18 eV. We investigated chiral organic films composed of self-assembled monolayers of α-helical peptides and electrostatically adsorbed films of the protein, bovine serum albumin, with different α-helix and β-sheet contents. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectral widths were found to depend on substrate magnetization orientation and polarization, which we attribute to helicity-dependent molecular ionization cross sections arising from photoelectron impact, possibly resulting in spin-polarized holes. These interactions between spin-polarized photoelectrons and chiral molecules are physically manifested as differences in the measured photoionization energies of the chiral molecular films. Substrate magnetization-dependent ionization energies and work function values were deconvoluted using surface charge neutralization techniques, permitting the measurement of relative spin-dependent energy barriers to transmission through chiral organic films.

This paper addresses the attitude estimation problem for rigid bodies moving in 3D-space with not negligible and time varying acceleration. For this case, we propose a simple and efficient globally asymptotic attitude estimation by using measurements from low-cost IMU and GPS. It consists of an observer based on proportional-integral (PI) term with discontinuous switching function to estimate the linear acceleration in the inertial frame for which we obtain global exponential convergence, along with a complementary filter for raw vectors from IMU to remove noise and bias. For this one, we get global asymptotic convergence of the observer taking into account gyro bias. Thereafter the filtered data is processed with an algebraic algorithm (e.g. TRIAD) for the attitude estimation. Note that when no gyro bias is considered, we obtain global exponential convergence for the overall system. To show the importance of filtering these raw vectors and the convergence behaviour of the proposed observers, simulation results are also given.