Search

The article is aimed at studying some features of translation strategies used to convey the expressive potential of a poetic text with elements of mounting techniques, viewed through the prism of the rhythmic-syntactic level of organisation of the poetic text. The subject of analysis is enjambement, or verse (poetic) transference, which is a “dissonance” between the rhythmic division of poetic speech into poetic lines and the syntactic division of verbal material into syntagmas in verse, thereby affecting the rhythmic structure of the text. The poem by H.M. Enzensberger (born in 1929), “verteidigung der wölfe gegen die lämmer”, as well as the translation of the specified poem into Russian (“Protection of wolves from sheep”) made by Lev Ginzburg (1921-1980), are used as the factual material. The original poem is written in free rhythms and includes elements of mounting techniques. To achieve this goal, a complex methodology has been applied, which, in addition to structural-descriptive and comparative analyses, also involves elements of linguopoetic and linguo-stylistic approaches. The relevance of the presented work is primarily due to the translation perspective of the study, which required the involvement of the main provisions of the theory of dynamic equivalence by E. Nida, secondly, – to the fact that translation strategies are considered in terms of intercultural interaction, i.e. taking into account the culturally specific characteristics of the bearers of the source and target languages. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion has been made about the special role of verse transferences in the mounted lyrical poetry of H.M. Enzensberger, which are engaged in the creation of the “defamiliarisation” effect at the appropriate micro-level of the lyrical work. A comparative analysis of the texts in the source language and the target language indicates that the application of the main provisions of the theory of dynamic equivalence, as well as the relevant linguistic aspects of intercultural communication when translating poetic works, contributes to a most accurate preservation of the aesthetic effect and of the expressive potential inherent in the original poetic text with elements of mounting techniques.

Sanmao es una escritora taiwanesa con la exótica experiencia vital de haber vivido en el Sáhara y en las Islas Canarias. Sus obras no se dieron a conocer internacionalmente hasta 2016 cuando se publicó su primera novela traducida en español. Este trabajo estudia Diarios de las Canarias (2017), su segunda novela traducida en español, y El olivo de mis sueños 《夢中的橄欖樹》, la versión original en chino. Nuestro objetivo principal constituye estudiar las estrategias aplicadas para lograr una traducción fluida de equivalencia dinámica. Los objetivos específicos son exponer las repercusiones de la escritora, los factores que contribuyen a la publicación y los diversos aspectos de adaptación que componen una traducción de alta aceptación para los lectores de habla hispana. Para un estudio global de mayor objetividad nos basamos en el marco teórico de Nida (2004), Lefevere (1992) y Toury (2012). Sanmao, a Taiwanese writer, fascinates readers with her exotic experiences living in the Sahara and the Canary Islands. Her works were not known to non-Chinese readers until one of her books was translated into Spanish for the first time in 2016. The subject of this study is the second Spanish translation of her books: Diary of the Years in the Canary Islands (2017) (Diarios de las Canarias), and its original source book: Olive Tree in the Dream. This study discusses the translation strategy of dynamic equivalence employed to achieve fluency in the Spanish translation of Diary of Years in the Canary Islands. It also includes global celebrations of Sanmao’s life and works, and examines the elements contributing to the publication of the Spanish edition. Furthermore, it explores a few different aspects of adaptation, which make the translation highly acceptable to Spanish readers. The study is based on the theoretical frameworks of Nida (2004), Lefevere (1992) and Toury (2012) to produce an objective and comprehensive discussion.

Sanmao, a Taiwanese writer, fascinates readers with her exotic experiences living in the Sahara and the Canary Islands. Her works were not known to non-Chinese readers until one of her books was translated into Spanish for the first time in 2016. The subject of this study is the second Spanish translation of her books: Diary of the Years in the Canary Islands (2017) (Diarios de las Canarias), and its original source book: Olive Tree in the Dream. This study discusses the translation strategy of dynamic equivalence employed to achieve fluency in the Spanish translation of Diary of Years in the Canary Islands. It also includes global celebrations of Sanmao’s life and works, and examines the elements contributing to the publication of the Spanish edition. Furthermore, it explores a few different aspects of adaptation, which make the translation highly acceptable to Spanish readers. The study is based on the theoretical frameworks of Nida (2004), Lefevere (1992) and Toury (2012) to produce an objective and comprehensive discussion. Sanmao es una escritora taiwanesa con la exótica experiencia vital de haber vivido en el Sáhara y en las Islas Canarias. Sus obras no se dieron a conocer internacionalmente hasta 2016 cuando se publicó su primera novela traducida en español. Este trabajo estudia Diarios de las Canarias (2017), su segunda novela traducida en español, y El olivo de mis sueños 《夢中的橄欖樹》, la versión original en chino. Nuestro objetivo principal constituye estudiar las estrategias aplicadas para lograr una traducción fluida de equivalencia dinámica. Los objetivos específicos son exponer las repercusiones de la escritora, los factores que contribuyen a la publicación y los diversos aspectos de adaptación que componen una traducción de alta aceptación para los lectores de habla hispana. Para un estudio global de mayor objetividad nos basamos en el marco teórico de Nida (2004), Lefevere (1992) y Toury (2012).

The aim of this article is to outline some theoretical problems related to the incompatibility of formal use of several Latin expressions present in English, Italian and Polish lexis as well as to propose solutions for facing practical cases of translation troubles based on the experience of the author gathered as academic, court translator and lay judge. The corpus shall be divided into the categories of lexemes utilized respectively in the European Union law such as (1) legal source texts, (2) procedural documents, (3) jurisprudence. The quoted examples aim to meet the initial assumption about the incompatibility as well as partial or non-equivalence of Latin terms among the examined study cases in selected representatives of Germanic, Romance and Slavonic languages. La pubblicazione è stata finanziata con i fondi del preside della Facoltà di Lingue e Lettere dell’Università di Łódź e del direttore dell’Istituto di Romanistica del medesimo ateneo

The present research explores a cutting-edge multidisciplinary field of enquiry, Cultural Linguistics implications for the long-lasting problem of equivalence in translation theory, and focuses on rendering cultural conceptualisations underlying lexical items in translation, for the first time. We undertake this investigation by expanding on the recently-developed analytical framework of Cultural Linguistics that categorises utterances according to their underlying conceptual structures. These conceptual structures are described as comprising either cultural schemas, cultural metaphors or cultural categories. The study starts by stating the aims and objectives of the research, at first. Second, it focuses on a brief literature review. Third, it explains the theoretical background, and then the methodology of the study. Forth, it moves towards an in-depth analysis of underlying cultural conceptualisations in translation and demonstrates a crucial role Cultural Linguistics plays in the core model of equivalence. The analysis of the data indicates that neither the “sense” nor the “form” if translated, can render necessarily the underlying cultural conceptualisations associated with a particular lexical item. The study discusses that this necessitates paying closer attention to the conceptual aspects of translation in the core model of equivalence, especially conceptual dimensions that are culturally constructed. The study moves further and proposes a new model of equivalence namely: ‘Cultural Conceptual Model of Equivalence,’ which is capable of capturing, unpacking, and analysing cultural conceptualisations underlying lexical items in the source text, and deconstructing them into the new linguistic reality of the target text, for the first time, in translation academic history in this particular focus of the cutting-edge field of enquiry, Cultural Linguistics.

The paper focuses upon the problem of trans-cultural transfer in subtitling as a type of audiovisual translation. The methodology of the research involves analysis of the key procedures used for translating culture-specific concepts taking into consideration the principles of dynamic equivalence and the restrictions, applied to the text and the translator in the course of subtitling. The author defines these restrictions and argues their nature. Special attention is payed to the challenges of the audiovisual translation determined by specificity of trans-cultural transfer. As the result, the author brings to light the key strategies of subtitling audiovisual products containing culture-specific concepts and historically marked culture-specific slang Considering that audiovisual content is a polycode text. The results can be used in applied and theoretical translation practice, as a guide in subtitling practice, as a tool for teaching audiovisual translation Статья посвящена проблеме транскультурного переноса в аспекте субтитрирования как разновидности аудиовизуального перевода. Методология исследования заключается в определении основных способов перевода культурно-маркированной лексики с учетом принципов динамической эквивалентности и ограничений, сопровождающих процесс перевода субтитров. В статье подробно рассматриваются основные ограничения, о которых необходимо помнить в процессе субтитрирования, а также раскрываются причины возникновения такого рода ограничений. Также автор обращает отдельное внимание на проблемы аудиовизуального перевода с точки зрения транскультурного переноса. В результате определяются основные стратегии субтитрирования кинопроизведений, содержащих реалии и исторически маркированную стилистически сниженную лексику в аспекте учета свойства поликодовости аудиовизуального контента. Результаты исследования могут применяться в переводческой практике в качестве руководства к действию при переводе субтитров, а также в практике обучения аудиовизуальному переводу

30 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, In this paper, a frequently used representation of mass-action type reaction networks is extended to a more general system class where the reaction rates are in rational function form. An algorithm is given to compute a possible reaction graph from the kinetic differential equations. However, this structure is generally non-unique, as it is illustrated through the phenomenon of dynamical equivalence, when different reaction network structures correspond to exactly the same dynamics. It is shown that under some technical assumptions, the so-called dense realization containing the maximal number of reactions, forms a super-structure in the sense that the reaction graph of any dynamically equivalent reaction network is the sub-graph of the dense realization. Additionally, optimization based methods are given to find dynamically equivalent realizations with preferred properties, such as dense realizations or sparse realizations. The introduced concepts are illustrated by examples.

This research is an annotated translation study. The author conducted an Indonesian-Chinese translation of two chapters of the biography named Tokoh Tionghoa & Identitas Indonesia: Dari Tjoe Bou San Sampai Yap Thiam Hien and gave annotations to important and necessary parts. The specific purposes of this research can be described as follows: (1) find the appropriate method to translate this source text; (2) find out proper translation techniques and provide reasons for choosing equivalence. In translating this biography, the author uses communicative translation (Newmark, 1988) and considers the dynamic equivalence theory of Nida and Taber (1982) as the main principle. Annotations are divided into six groups, namely: culturally charged words, phrases that are translated into Chinese idioms, proper nouns, metaphors, footprints, and sentences. To translate a text successfully, translators need not only a good mastery of languages but also board knowledge.

In this paper, we put the issue of dynamic equivalence of control systems in the context of pullbacks of coframings on infinite jet bundles over the state manifolds. While much attention has been given to differentially flat systems, i.e., systems dynamically equivalent to linear control systems, the advantage of this approach is that it allowed us to consider control affine systems as well. Through this context we are able to classify all control affine systems of three states and two controls under dynamic equivalence of the type $(x,u)\mapsto y(x,u)$.

At present, the common practice in the power system of China is to represent the small and medium hydropower generator group as a negative load. This paper presents a method to build a dynamic equivalent model of the hydropower generator group using a 3rd order generator model and a static characteristic load model. Based on phasor measurements in the tie line which connects to the modeled hydropower generator group, the dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimizer (DMS-PSO) algorithm is used to obtain parameters of the equivalent model. The proposed method is verified in the small and medium hydropower generator group of Sichuan power grid with both simulation and actual data. The results show that the dynamic responses and the transient stability are consistent before and after the equivalence. The proposed method can be used for modeling a group of small and medium hydropower generators whose structures and parameters are unknown.

If two control systems on manifolds of the same dimension are dynamic equivalent, we prove that either they are static equivalent --i.e. equivalent via a classical diffeomorphism-- or they are both ruled; for systems of different dimensions, the one of higher dimension must ruled. A ruled system is one whose equations define at each point in the state manifold, a ruled submanifold of the tangent space. Dynamic equivalence is also known as equivalence by endogenous dynamic feedback, or by a Lie-B\"acklund transformation when control systems are viewed as underdetermined systems of ordinary differential equations; it is very close to absolute equivalence for Pfaffian systems. It was already known that a differentially flat system must be ruled; this is a particular case of the present result, in which one of the systems is assumed to be "trivial" (or linear controllable)., Comment: SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization To appear (2008)