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The objective of this paper is to propose a method for quantitatively estimating the breakdown voltage of double short vacuum gaps in series under the lightning impulse voltage. The study found a quantitative relationship between the breakdown voltage and the maximum electric field strength at the cathode. This relationship is validated by previous experimental works when the total gap distance is less than 20 mm.

Double short-cut sulfur autotrophic denitrification (DSSADN) coupled with Anammox is of great significance in the low-carbon treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater. In order to achieve high salinity autotrophic nitrogen removal, the effects of different salinities on the accumulation characteristics of NO

A new voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) design based on a ring oscillator with a double-short-path loop architecture is presented. The proposed circuit employs the Gilbert cell as a delay component and two short paths in order to expand the oscillation frequency tuning range. We designed and fabricated the six-stage ring VCO with double-short-path architecture in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. It has about 150 % wider tuning range than the conventional one and can oscillate from 0.36 to 1.2 GHz.

Developing suitable alternatives to long fluoroalkyl chain surfactants has drawn considerable attention on account of the concerns over the environmental safety and human health. However, low surface activity, poor water solubility and complex preparation process of most currently reported alternatives restrict their widespread applications. Herein, a series of nonionic urethane fluorinated surfactants (FmEGnFm) were synthesized by one-pot method using poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and short chain fluorinated alcohol as raw materials. The surfactant molecule is composed of two short fluoroalkyl chains connected to a PEG molecule via two IPDI spacers. Benefit from the special molecular structure design, these fluorinated surfactants displayed high surface activities, which could reduce the surface tensions of 17.8–28.7 mN/m and had low critical micelle concentrations of 0.17–0.98 mmol/L. These fluorinated surfactants showed good salt and pH resistance. Furthermore, contact angle and emulsifying experiments demonstrated that these fluorinated surfactants possessed excellent wetting and emulsifying properties at an extremely low concentration of 0.1 wt%. More importantly, the cytotoxicity experiment verified that these fluorinated surfactants had no obvious cytotoxicity. The ideal properties coupled with a simple and green preparation process make this strategy a new avenue to fabricate sustainable alternatives to long fluoroalkyl chain surfactants.

This study was designed to determine the ideal manner (schedule and duration) of intravesical chemotherapy using pirarubicin (THP). At first, T-24 cancer cells were treated with 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/ml THP for 10, 30 and 60 min. Following the first exposure, at various intervals (3, 6, 12, and 24 h), a second exposure to THP was performed under the same condition in vitro. The cell viability was measured by XTT assay. Further, the cells were scanned with a laser scanning cytometer (LSC) and DNA histograms were analyzed to evaluate the cell-cycle components. A single exposure of T-24 cells to THP resulted in significantly higher inhibition of cell growth for 30 min with 100 μg/ml and higher concentrations of THP; for example, the cell viability was reduced to 15, 2, and 0% by incubating cells with 100, 150, and 200 μg/ml of THP, respectively, whereas it was 49% with 50 μg/ml THP. Double exposure of T-24 cells to THP resulted in significantly higher inhibition of cell growth than single treatment at all intervals. LSC assay demonstrated a higher sub-G(1) peak after double treatment with THP when compared with that after a single treatment. Similar cytotoxic effects following double treatment with THP were observed on other bladder cancer cell lines (UMUC3, TCCSUP, 5637, and 253J cells) in vitro. In conclusion, the double short-term exposure to bladder cancer cells by THP has more remarkable cytotoxic effects than the single exposure in vitro.

The partial substitution of the ureter using a pediculated double short segments of the ileum is a technique used to re-establish ureteral transit and preserve the renal unit, following the resection of extensive ureteral lesions. Standard surgical procedure for an ileoureteroplasty consists of isolating an ileal duct of equal or greater length than the ureteral defect and interposing it in the urinary tract in an isoperistaltic direction. Monti described a surgical technique that allows for the creation of catheterizable stomas in continent urinary diversions, using the Mitrofanoff principle. These passageways were created from one or several 2.5 cm long ileal sections by means of their detubulization and transverse retubulization.

To improve the nuclease resistance of siRNA while reducing its induction of an innate immune response and maintaining its biological activity for possible therapeutic application, we designed and synthesized a series of double short hairpin RNAs (dshRNAs). Each dshRNA consisted of two identical short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) linked at their 3' ends by glycerol. The dshRNAs were synthesized on a glycerol-derivatized solid support from amidites with 2-cyanoethoxymethyl (CEM) as the 2'-hydroxyl protecting group. Synthesis was carried out in a single run on a DNA/RNA synthesizer, without the need for enzymatic ligation. The dshRNAs showed structure-dependent gene-silencing activity at the protein level, and dshRNAs in which the 3' end of the two sense regions were linked showed especially high activity. Inclusion of 2'-O-methyluridine residues in the loop region was associated with 1.6- to 2.4-fold lower induction of interferon-α than was siRNA, without loss of gene-silencing activity. dshRNA also showed higher exonuclease resistance than siRNA or canonical shRNA. Our studies provide a new approach to gene silencing based on the concept of linking the 3' end of the sense regions of two shRNA molecules to form a double shRNA.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) allows the recovery of the evoked hemodynamic response to brain activation. In adult human populations, the NIRS signal is strongly contaminated by systemic interference occurring in the superficial layers of the head. An approach to overcome this difficulty is to use additional NIRS measurements with short optode separations to measure the systemic hemodynamic fluctuations occurring in the superficial layers. These measurements can then be used as regressors in the post-experiment analysis to remove the systemic contamination and isolate the brain signal. In our previous work, we showed that the systemic interference measured in NIRS is heterogeneous across the surface of the scalp. As a consequence, the short separation measurement used in the regression procedure must be located close to the standard NIRS channel from which the evoked hemodynamic response of the brain is to be recovered. Here, we demonstrate that using two short separation measurements, one at the source optode and one at the detector optode, further increases the performance of the short separation regression method compared to using a single short separation measurement. While a single short separation channel produces an average reduction in noise of 33% for HbO, using a short separation channel at both source and detector reduces noise by 59% compared to the standard method using a general linear model (GLM) without short separation. For HbR, noise reduction of 3% is achieved using a single short separation and this number goes to 47% when two short separations are used. Our work emphasizes the importance of integrating short separation measurements both at the source and at the detector optode of the standard channels from which the hemodynamic response is to be recovered. While the implementation of short separation sources presents some difficulties experimentally, the improvement in noise reduction is significant enough to justify the practical challenges.

Publisher Summary With the pollution becoming gradually severe, the quality of water deteriorates badly. So, traditional ways of wastewater treatment are being challenged. Recently many researchers paid attention to a way of wastewater treatment by high-voltage discharge in water. Single-pole short pulse and AC high-voltage power supply are most commonly used for generating this kind of discharge. But there are no reported research results of double short pulse high-voltage power supply. The chapter explains a design of a double short pulse high-voltage power supply system, which can output high-peak voltage, short voltage rise time, and high frequency. Mostly importantly, it can be applied on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) wastewater treatment reactor to decrease energy consumption. The power supply system is composed of a positive and a negative DC high-voltage power supply and a rotating spark-gap switch (RSGS). The RSGS is used to control charge and discharge of pulse forming capacitances. The DC high-voltage power supply employs full-bridge inversion techniques and LCC resonant techniques to realize miniaturization. DSP is the controlling core of the whole power supply system, which regulates pulse amplitude and pulse frequency of power supply, based on the feedback information of interior parameter of the load. This power supply system is applied to discharge in water for dye wastewater treatment.

Acidic surfactants, single- and bi-2-methylheptanol polyethenoxy ether phosphate esters, H2PO3(OCH2CH2)nOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2 (u-MHPEPE) and HPO3[(OCH2CH2)nOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2]2 (d-MHPEPE), where n approximately 4, were synthesized. Phase behavior of u- and d-MHPEPE (u- and d-MHPEPE mixtures were abbreviated as MHPEPE) mixtures in aqueous solutions and vesicle formation were determined. Surface tension measurements showed that u-MHPEPE and MHPEPE have low surface tensions at critical micelle concentrations. gamma(cmc)=29.0 mNm(-1) and cmc=16.0 mmolL(-1) for u-MHPEPE, MHPEPE has two transition points suggesting the mixtures of u- and d-MHPEPE with gamma(cmc1)=30.5 mNm(-1) and cmc1=4.0 mmolL(-1), and gamma(cmc2)=27.3 mNm(-1) and cmc2=42.0 mmolL(-1). These values, specific gamma(cmc), are much lower than those of traditionally cationic or anionic surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, gamma(cmc)=37.1 mNm(-1) at cmc=0.92 mmolL(-1)) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, gamma(cmc)=39.0 mNm(-1) at cmc=8.1 mmolL(-1)). Rich phase behavior was observed with increasing MHPEPE concentration, an isotropic L(1)-phase (micelle solution), an unstable emulsion-region (with time, the samples separate into two-phase), a transparently bluish and birefringent Lalpha-phase up to 200 mmol L(-1) with unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles. These unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles were demonstrated by using staining transmission electron microscopy (staining-TEM), which were compared to freeze-fracture TEM (FF-TEM). The vesicle-phase is stable for at least 1 year. Vesicle formation possibly could be explained in harmonization of the hydrophobic force of acidic surfactant tails, the hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) and the electrostatic interaction among polar headgroups of PEO ether phosphate ester. Phase transition from the flow birefringent unilamellar vesicles induced by addition of HCl, NaCl, NaOH, and increasing temperature has been observed. Surprisingly, for u-MHPEPE or d-MHPEPE in water, we just observed L1-phase (micelle solution) with increasing u-MHPEPE or d-MHPEPE concentration.

The presented novel approach for direct range image acquisition is based on a CMOS image sensor with extremely short integration time and a defined flash illumination by fast infrared laser diodes. Determining the light propagation time by the MDSI method on a chip, a single CMOS sensor chip measures simultaneously distances to a net of numerous target points in a few milliseconds with a resolution of typically 5 mm. The exclusive use of semiconductor components assures high robustness, small size and low cost under high volume production. Hence the fields of applications are very versatile, ranging from safety and security to transportation, traffic and industrial automation as well.

Lyric after Pindar should be seen not as declining and petering out, but as developing in ways which radically question or play with the fundamentals of the genre (or “super-genre”). The stanza is a crucial feature of lyric up to Pindar, especially when seen textually; “modernist” expansion into huge astrophic entities (Timotheus, etc.) and “postmodern” reduction into stichic lines (Callimachus, etc.) both involve radical rethinking of the super-genre, and one is a reaction to the other. However, the most innovative postmodernists are the poets somewhat earlier than Callimachus and Theocritus (Simmias, Philicus, etc.); Callimachus and Theocritus continue their ideas with new twists and new point. And the stanza is not really dead: within Timotheus’ and Callimachus’ poems stanza-like structures are built up. The late-classical and Hellenistic development of lyric is as dynamic and thought-provoking as that of sculpture. On ne devrait pas considérer que la lyrique après Pindare décline et s’épuise, mais plutôt qu’elle se développe selon des voies qui questionnent radicalement ou jouent avec les fondements du genre (ou « super-genre »). La strophe est une caractéristique cruciale de la lyrique jusqu’à Pindare, surtout d’un point de vue textuel ; l’expansion « moderniste » en grandes entités astrophiques (Timothée entre autres) et la réduction « postmoderne » à des vers stichiques (Callimaque entre autres) impliquent toutes deux une remise en cause radicale du super-genre, et l’une est une réaction à l’autre. Cependant, les postmodernistes les plus novateurs sont les poètes un peu antérieurs à Callimaque et Théocrite (Simmias, Philicos entre autres) ; Callimaque et Théocrite prolongent leurs idées avec de nouveaux ajustements et de nouveaux objectifs. Mais la strophe n’est pas réellement morte : dans les poèmes de Timothée et de Callimaque se construisent des structures d’apparence strophique. Le développement tardif et hellénistique de la lyrique est aussi dynamique et stimulant que celui de la sculpture. Dopo Pindaro la poesia lirica non declina e non si esaurisce, ma si sviluppa in modi che mettono in discussione o giocano con i fondamenti del genere (o sopra-genere). La stanza è un aspetto cruciale della lirica fino a Pindaro, specialmente se considerata da un punto di vista testuale; un’espansione “modernista” in enormi entità astrofiche (Timoteo, ecc.) e una riduzione “postmoderna” in versi stichici (Callimaco, ecc.) implicano entrambe un totale ripensamento del sopra-genere e l’una è una reazione all’altra. Tuttavia, i postmodernisti più innovativi sono i poeti che collochiamo un po’ prima di Callimaco e Teocrito (Simmia, Filico, ecc.). Callimaco e Teocrico riprendono il loro pensiero con nuovi sviluppi e una nuova prospettiva critica. La stanza non è davvero morta. Con i poemi di Timoteo e Callimaco vengono costruite strutture simili alla stanza. Lo sviluppo tardo-classico e ellenistico della lirica è dinamico e stimolante come quello della scultura.

Wyeomyia felicia (Dyar & Núñez Tovar, 1927) Dendromyia (Decamyia) felicia Dyar & Núñez Tovar, 1927: 3, 4 (Syntypes ♀, ♂ G: Tío Julián, Rancho Grande, Guamitas and Choroní (Aragua State), Venezuela. Dendromyia (Decamyia) felicia of Dyar & Núñez Tovar 1928: 90, 91 (♀, ♂ G; coll., bion.); Dyar 1928: 82, 83, 595 (redescription of ♀, ♂ *; bion.); Stone & Knight 1957: 123 (lectotype design., type info.). Wyeomyia (Dendromyia) felicia of Lane & Cerqueira 1942: 541, 589, 608 (key to subgenera and ♂ G; subg. placement.; bion.); Lane 1945: 148, in part (redescription of ♀ from El Tucuche, Trinidad; Lane 1953: 871, 979, 981, in part (key to ♂ G; redescription of ♀, ♂; rec., type info.); Belkin et al. 1965: 73, 76, 87, 94 (type info., bion.); Navarro et al. 1994: 321 (rec., bion.). Wyeomyia felicia of Mattingly 1971: 16, pl. 10, (key P*); Seifert 1980: 687–688, 690–695 (bion.). Wyeomyia (Decamyia) felicia group of Heinemann et al. 1980: 185, 187–189, 194–198, 201, 204, 218, 222, 225, 227, 229–232, 235, 237, 241, 242, 247, 255, 267, 271–273, 279, 280, 283 (Trinidad, Tobago; coll. rec., bion.). Wyeomyia (Decamyia) felicia of Heinemann & Belkin 1978b: 369, 370, 372–374, 376, 377, 380, 382, 395 (Venezuela; coll. rec., bion.); Navarro et al. 2007: 7, 13 (biogeography); Harbach & Kitching 1998: 340, 369 (phylogeny); Harbach & Peyton 1990: 16 (revalidation of subgenus Decamyia); Motta et al. 2007: 593, 594, 596, 598, 600, 606–609, 619 (phylogeny); Talaga et al. 2017: 9 (phylogeny); Ribeiro et al. 2020: 291, 292, 307, 308 (tax. review); Ribeiro et al. 2021: 534, 550 (tax. review). Female. Small mosquito. Head: Vertex and occiput covered with decumbent dark brown scales with bluish reflections, postgena with white scales; ocular line with some white scales near postgena and brown setae; 2 long, brown interocular setae. Interocular space narrow, without setae and scales. Clypeus and frons without setae and scales, slightly pruinose; clypeus brown, ovate, noticeably tapered apically. Maxillary palpus attached at half-length of clypeus, with 2 palpomeres, short, similar in length to clypeus, dark brown-scaled, brown setae at apex. Proboscis: Length 1. 9 mm, slightly expanded dorsoventrally at apex; dorsal and ventral surfaces dark brown-scaled; 8 brown short and long basal labial setae, labellum with light brown integument, covered with minute pale setae. Antenna: As long as proboscis; pedicel brown, pruinose. Flagellum moderately verticillate, whorls with brown setae. Thorax: Integument light brown. Scutum brown-scaled with predominantly bluish reflections; anterior promontory with few white scales and 9 brown setae of different sizes; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae absent. Supraalar and antealar areas with total of 14 brown setae. Scutellum covered with brown scales with bluish reflections limited to lobes; median lobe with about 6 brown setae of different sizes, lateral lobes with 5,6 brown setae of different sizes. Mesopostnotum brown, slightly pruinose, with a tuft of about 7 light brown setae, without scales. Antepronotum covered with brown scales with weak violaceous reflections except for a few white scales on the ventral apex, distinctively well separated from antepronotum of opposite side; a row of approximately 11 strong dark brown setae dorsally. Postpronotum mainly covered with white scales; brown scales restricted to dorsal area. Thoracic pleura covered with pearly white scales; anterior lateral margin of mesokatepisternum, mesomeron, paratergite, metapleural suture and metapostnotum nude. Pleural chaetotaxy as follows: 2 light brown prespiracular setae, long, extending beyond spiracle; postspiracular setae absent; 6 upper proepisternal setae, yellowish, long; 3 lower mesokatepisternal setae, yellowish, long; 2 yellowish setae above upper margin of mesomeron; upper mesokatepisternal setae absent, prealar area with about 6 yellowish setae; 13 yellowish upper mesepimeral setae, nearly in a row. Halter: Integument yellowish; scabellum and pedicel brown-scaled dorsally, capitellum brown-scaled. Wing: Length approximately 3. 7 mm, scales brown with bluish reflections. Dorsal scales: veins R 1 –R 3, R 4+5, M 1 and M 2 with spatulate scales with rounded ends; M with long, spatulate scales; M 3+4 with decumbent scales; CuA with only decumbent scales; 1A with moderately broad scales. Upper calypter with 3 brown setae. Alula with 9 simple, brown setae. Legs: Coxae and trochanters with pearly white scales and long yellowish setae. Femora, tibiae and tarsi mainly dark-scaled; ventroposterior margins of femora and tibiae white-scaled, fore-, mid- and hindtarsomeres 1–5 entirely dark-scaled. Ungues simple. Abdomen: Terga covered with brown spatulate scales with bluish green reflections. Tergum I with a tuft of yellowish setae forming a row on posterolateral margin. Sterna covered with whitish scales, color on sides separated in nearly a straight line. Genitalia (Fig. 1): Tergum VIII (Fig. 1A) wider than long, covered with minute spicules and spatulate scales; distal margin convex, with approximately 45 setae of different sizes. Sternum VIII (Fig. 1B) wider than long, covered with minute spicules and spatulate scales, lateral margins rounded, distal margin slightly V-shaped, with approximately 49 setae of different sizes distributed on distal portion. Tergum IX (Fig. 1C) narrow and convex, covered with minute spicules, with setae restricted to lobes; lobes weakly defined with a group of 3,4 slender setae in line on each. Insula (Fig. 1D) rounded, covered with small spicules, with 12 strong setae on margin. Postgenital lobe (Fig. 1E, F) almost reaching apices of the cerci, wider than long, dorsal surface with 2 vertical rows of 2 setae, most apical setae longer; ventral surface covered with minute spicules, numerous short setae with conspicuous alveoli distributed from base to apex toward middle to lateral area. Cerci covered (Fig. 1E, F) with minute spicules; apex flat, expanded in inner portion. Spermatheca with 3 spherical capsules of different sizes. Male. Similar to female except for the following characteristics: Head: Vertex and occiput brown-scaled with a vertical line of white scales more widespread on vertex between the eyes, ocular line of distinct white scales. Proboscis: Length 1. 6 mm, slightly expanded dorsoventrally at apex; dorsal surface brown-scaled, ventral surface with a line of white scales extending from base to approximately 0.75 toward apex. Antenna: Slightly more verticillate than in female. Thorax: Anterior promontory with about 17 brown setae of different sizes. Supraalar and antealar areas with 26–36 brown setae. Scutellum with median lobe bearing 4–8 long and 10 short setae, lateral lobes with 5,6 long and 5 short setae. Mesopostnotum with a tuft of 6–8 brown setae.Antepronotum with approximately 12 strong, dark brown setae dorsally. Pleural chaetotaxy as follows: 1–3 yellowish prespiracular setae; postspiracular setae absent; 5–9 yellowish, long upper proepisternal setae; 5,6 lower mesokatepisternal setae, 2 yellowish setae above upper margin of mesomeron; upper mesokatepisternal setae absent, 5,6 yellowish prealar setae; lower mesepimeral setae absent; 9–18 pale yellowish upper mesepimeral setae, nearly in a row. Wing: Length approximately 3.0 mm. Legs: Fore- and hindtarsomeres 1–5 dark-scaled; midtarsomere 1 with white scaling on the ventroposterior surface; midtarsomeres 2–5 entirely dark-scaled. Ungues simple. Genitalia (Figs 2, 3): Tergum VIII (Fig. 2A) wider than long; invaginated in middle distally, nearly forming 2 lobes, covered with small spicules and spatulate scales in median area; 67–106 long setae distributed on distal third, gradually longer from middle and sides. Sternum VIII (Fig. 2B) wider than long; distal third covered with small spicules and spatulate scales; 31–41(31) setae of different lengths mostly distributed on distal margin. Tergum and sternum IX (Fig. 3F, G) fused laterally, forming a complete ring. Tergum IX (Fig. 3F) with lobes slightly defined, almost level; interlobar space very small, bearing an almost continuous line of 14–19(14) weakly chitinized setae shaped like elongate petals, with almost uniform width throughout their lengths. Sternum IX (Fig. 3G) narrow with a medial triangular expansion produced between base of gonocoxites. Proctiger (in lateral view) with basal sclerotization (tergum X) without setae. Paraproct (Fig. 3E) sclerotized dorsoapically, narrow, with flattened fin-like process on sternal margin at base; apex with 1,2(1) teeth close together, apical tooth pronounced and curved like a penguin’s beak; cercal setae absent. Gonocoxite (Fig. 3A) short, rounded. Basal margin rounded; mesal junction with phallosome being far distal. Tergal area spiculate, with 23–28(26) setae of different lengths; tergomesal seta absent; basal mesal lobe narrow, small, with 9–12 fine setae similar in length. Gonostylus (Figs 3A‒C; 4) short, approximately 0.72 length of gonocoxite, enlarged at base, basal third with spicules, narrow in middle, apex almost 2.0 times wider than width of basal part, divided into 2 principal lobes: lobe A digitiform, well differentiated from lobe M along its entire length, much larger at base and tapered towards apex; apex with 1 elongate, strong, sclerotized seta, resembling a curve-tipped claw, 2 single minute setae inserted proximally; lobe E almost indistinguishable, arising between lobes A and M, not detached, distal margin with 2 single short setae; lobe M wide with roughly conical apex bearing approximately 14 strong, well-chitinized setae of different sizes, middle third with a tuft of fine setae distributed along tergal edge, basal third with 12–17 short, thin setae scattered mainly on tergal surface. Aedeagus (Fig. 3H) ovate, wider basally; submedian tergal arms joined at midline; apical tergal arms very close, not fused, slightly serrate at apex; median sternal plate membranous, basally pointed and short, apically prominent in middle. Basal piece (Fig. 3D, H) of phallosome with a distal, prominent, sclerotized columnar process distally fused to gonocoxite, distally rounded and dilated, with 2 distinct apical insertions from which emerge 2 strong, long, slightly curved membranous modified leaf-like setae, expanded apically, usually with end pointing caudally. Pupa (Fig. 5). Position and character of setae as figured; numbers of branches in Table 1. Cephalothorax: Tanned, scutum slightly darker. Seta 1-CT sigmoid, long, double, hooked at apex; seta 2-CT normally double; setae 3,4-CT normally triple; seta 5-CT strongly developed, weakly aciculate, usually triple; seta 6-CT with 2 or 3 branches; seta 7-CT with 2–4 branches; seta 8-CT with 2–4 branches; setae 9,10-CT usually double; seta 11-CT with 1,2 branches; seta 12-CT normally double. Trumpet: Moderately tanned, index 3.2–4.7 (mean 3.9) (width measured at mid-length). Abdomen: Tanned, with darkish pigmentation at base of all terga. Seta 0-I–VIII single, seta 1-I well-developed, dendritic, 1-II with 4–9 branches emerging at different levels, 1-III with 3,4 branches, 1-IV with 2–4 branches, 1-V,VI with 2 or 3 branches, 1-VII usually single; seta 2-I normally double, 2-II,III normally single, 2-IV–VII single, inserted posteriorly; seta 3-I–III single, 3-II,III similar in development, 3-IV,V with 2–4 branches, 3-VI usually double, 3-VII single; seta 4-I with 3–7 branches, 4-II with 3,4 branches, 4-III normally triple, 4-IV,V with 2–4 branches, 4-VI normally double, 4-VII single, 4-VIII usually single; seta 5-I with 2–5 branches, 5-II with 2,3 branches, 5-III with 3–6 branches, 5-IV–VI single, slightly aciculate, longer than combined length of segments V–VII, 5-VII normally double; seta 6-I–II single, 6-III–V normally double, 6-VI with 1,2 branches, 6- VII in dorsal position, usually double; seta 7-I with 2–4 branches, 7-II usually triple, 7-III with 1–3 branches, 7-IV normally double, 7-V with 2–4 branches, 7-VI normally single, 7-VII single; seta 8-III–V,VII normally triple; seta 9-I normally single, 9-II–VI single, 9-VII with 16–20 branches, aciculate, slightly longer than segment VIII, 9-VIII with 14–22 branches, aciculate, slightly shorter than paddle; seta 10-II–VI normally double, 10-VII usually single; seta 11-I normally triple, 11-II with 1,3 branches, 11-III,IV normally single, 11-V with 1–3 branches, 11-VI double, 11-VII with 2,3 branches; seta 14 single. Paddle: Lightly tanned, slightly longer than segment VIII, slender, apex pointed, paddle index 2.2–2.8 (mean 2.3) densely fringed all along margin. Male genital lobe: Tanned, shorter than paddle, about 0.67–0.87 length of paddle, narrow, not extending laterally beyond inner margin of midrib. Male median caudal lobe: Tanned, shorter than genital lobe. Fourth-instar larva (Figs 6, 7). Position and character of setae as figured; numbers of branches in Table 2. Head: Slightly wider than long, lightly tanned. Collar absent, occipital foramen with a slit-like extension on either side. Hypostomal suture complete. Dorsomentum with 1 central tooth slightly larger than lateral teeth on either side (11–13), lateral teeth similar in development, except most lateral tooth sometimes very small. Maxilla (not figured): Rounded; maxillary brush long, similar in length to seta 4-Mx; apical tooth slightly bent mesad, similar in development to teeth of laciniarastrum. Laciniarastrum 1 with a row of 7,10 teeth of similar development; dense group of long setae close to laciniarastrum 1. Maxillary palpus not fused to maxillary body, with 3 short digitiform setae; seta 1-Mx single, stout, forked at apex; seta 2-Mx single, short; seta 4-Mx single, pointed, long, inserted on anterior area. Mandible (not figured): Ventral tooth 0 prominent, larger than ventral teeth 1–3, ventral tooth 4 fine, elongate; mandibular sweeper divided into 2 groups of long setae. Antenna: Short, slender; seta 1-A single, inserted on apical third; seta 2-A tapering toward apex, approximately same length as seta 1A; setae 3–6-A single, stout. Seta 1-C single, elongate, stout; setae 3–6-C single, 4-C slightly longer than seta 1-C, 5-C short, approximately 0.5 length of 4-C, 6-C approximately same length as seta 7-C; seta 7-C double; seta 8-C normally double; setae 9,10-C approximately same length, 9-C usually with 3 branches, 10-C with 2,3 branches; seta 11-C usually with 5 branches; seta 12-C normally triple, approximately same length as seta 13-C; seta 13-C double; seta 14-C normally double, similar in length to 13-C; seta 15-C usually triple, short, approximately 0.5 length of 14-C, inserted almost in line with 14-C, below anterior margin of labiogula. Thorax: Seta 0-P with 6–9 branches, approximately same length as seta 14-P; setae 1,2-P single, approximately same length; seta 3-P with 2–4 branches; setae 4–7-P inserted on plate, 4-P with 10–14 branches, strongly aciculate from mid-length to apex, 5,6-P single, slightly aciculate; seta 7-P usually with 12 branches aciculate at mid-length; seta 8-P usually with 10 branches; setae 9–12-P inserted on same sclerotized plate, 9-P with 4,5 branches, slightly aciculate, 10-P double, slightly aciculate, 11-P filiform, single, 12-P double, slightly aciculate; seta 14-P usually with 4 branches. Seta 1-M with 3 branches; setae 2,3-M single; seta 4-M normally double; setae 5,6-M single, slightly aciculate; seta 7-M double; seta 8-M usually with 6 branches, short, 0.5 length of setae 5,6-M; setae 9–12-M inserted on same sclerotized plate, clustered together, 9-M normally double, aciculate, 10-M single, slightly aciculate, 11-M single, filiform, developed similar to seta 11-P, 12-M single, aciculate; seta 13- M usually with 6,8 branches; seta 14-M usually with 7,8 branches. Seta 1-T with 3,4 branches, short, 0.3 length of seta 2-T; seta 2-T with 1,2 branches; seta 3-T with 2,3 branches; setae 4,5-T triple, approximately same length, both short, 5-T approximately 0.75 length of seta 6-T; seta 6-T double; seta 7-T normally with 14 branches, aciculate, inserted on sclerotized tubercle; seta 8-T with 3,4 branches; setae 9–11-T inserted on same plate, 9-T normally with 10 branches, aciculate, 10-T single, aciculate, 11-T single, short, spiniform, stronger than seta 11-P,M; seta 12-T single, slightly aciculate; seta 13-T inserted on sclerotized plate, usually with 9 branches, aciculate. Abdomen: Seta 0-II–VII single, 0-III–VII short, approximately 0.5 length of seta 2-III–VII; seta 1-I–VIII well-developed, 1-I,II with 4 or 5 branches, 1-III,V with 3–5 branches, 1-VI,VII with 5 or 6 branches; seta 2-I with 1–3 branches, short, approximately 0.5 length of 1-I, inserted mesad and anterior to seta 3-I; seta 2-II–VII single, inserted mesad and anterior to setae 1-II–VII and 4-II–VII; seta 3-I triple, anterior to seta 4, 3-II–VI posterior to seta 4, 3-II double, 3-III,IV normally double, approximately same length as seta 4-III,IV, 3-V single, long, 3.1 length of seta 4-V, 3- VI triple, 3-VII single, long, 3.5 length of seta 1-VII; seta 4-I normally with 5 branches, 4-III–VI inserted mesad to seta 1-III–VI; seta 5-I–VI well developed, with branches emerging at different levels, 5-I,II with 3,4 branches, approximately same length as seta 1-I,II, 5-III,IV with 4,5 branches, approximately same length as seta 1-III,IV, 5- V with 3–6 branches, 5-VI normally with 4,5 branches, 5-VII approximately same length as seta 4-VII; seta 6-I,II long, normally with 6 branches, well developed, aciculate, 6-III–VI well developed, 6-III double, slightly aciculate, 6-IV–VI with 2,3 branches, slightly aciculate, 6-VII single, long, 2.0 length of seta 7-VII; seta 7-I–II branched, well developed, aciculate, 7-IV–VI small, branched, approximately same length as seta 8-IV–VI, inserted anterior to seta 10-III–VI; seta 8-II usually single, long, 2.0 length of seta 3-II and inserted lateral to it, 8-III–V short, branched, lateral in position, 8-III normally single or double, short, 0.42 length of seta 3-III, 8-IV usually double, short, 0.3 length of seta 3-IV, 8-V,VI branched, short, approximately 0.5 length of seta 4-V,VI; seta 9-I,II usually single, approximately same length as seta 10-I,II, 9-III long, 2.0 length of seta 11-III, 9-IV–VI approximately same length as seta 10-IV–VI; seta 10-I branched, inserted posterior to seta 11-I, 10-II–VI inserted lateral to seta 11-II–VI; seta 11-I–V branched, 11-I inserted mesad to seta 10-I; seta 12-II–VI inserted mesally; seta 13-I–VI branched, 13-I long, 1.4 length of seta 10-I, 13-II inserted anterior to seta 12-II, 13-IV–VI aligned and inserted posterior to seta 12-IV– VI. Segment VIII: Comb with 35‒56 elongated scales of different lengths, roughly arranged in 3 or 4 rows, scales with rounded apices regularly bordered with delic, Published as part of Ribeiro, Paulino Siqueira, Motta, Monique Albuquerque, Seiblitz, Giulia Caminha, Pereira, Glauber Rocha, Galvão, Cleber, Pecor, David Brooks & Lourenço-De-Oliveira, Ricardo, 2022, Redescription of Wyeomyia (Decamyia) felicia (Dyar & Núñez Tovar, 1927) and description of a new species of the subgenus from Trinidad (Diptera: Culicidae), pp. 101-125 in Zootaxa 5175 (1) on pages 102-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7003255, {"references":["Dyar, H. G. & Nunez Tovar, M. (1927) Notas sobre nuevos dipteros hematofagos de Venezuela (Culicidae). s. n., Maracay, 8 pp.","Dyar, H. G. & Nunez Tovar, M. (1928) Description of new species of mosquitoes from Venezuela. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8 (1), 89 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. aje. a 120992","Stone, A. & Knight, K. L. (1957) Type specimens of mosquitoes in the United States Nacional Museum: V. The Sabethini (Diptera, Culicidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 47 (4), 117 - 202.","Lane, J. & Cerqueira, N. L. (1942) Os sabetineos da America (Diptera, Culicidae). Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo, 3 (9), 473 - 849.","Lane, J. (1945) Os sabetineos da America. (Addenda e corrigenda). Revista de Entomologia, 16 1 - 2), 132 - 157.","Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp.","Belkin, J. N., Schick, R. X. & Heinemann, S. J. (1965) Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae) V. Mosquitoes originally described from Middle America. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 1 (5), 1 - 95.","Navarro, J. C., Bastidas, R. J. & Zavala, Y. (1994) Fauna de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) del Estado Falcon, Venezuela. I. Nuevos registros y listado general de especies. Acta Cientifica Venezolana, 45 (4), 315 - 324.","Mattingly, P. F. (1971) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. - XII. Illustrated keys to the genera of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 7 (4), 1 - 84.","Seifert, R. P. (1980) Mosquito fauna of Heliconia aurea. Journal of Animal Ecology, 49 (3), 687 - 697. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4221","Heinemann, S. J., Aitken, T. H. G. & Belkin, J. N. (1980) Collection records of the project \" Mosquitoes of Middle America \" 14. Trinidad and Tobago (TR, TRM, TOB). Mosquito Systematics, 12 (2), 179 - 284.","Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1978 b) Collection records of the project \" Mosquitoes of Middle America \" 11. Venezuela (VZ); Guianas: French Guiana (FG, FGC), Guyana (GUY), Surinam (SUR). Mosquito Systematics, 10 (3), 365 - 459.","Navarro, J. - C., Liria, J., Pinango, H. & Barrera, R. (2007) Biogeographic area relationships in Venezuela: A Parsimony analysis of Culicidae - Phytotelmata distribution in National Parks. Zootaxa, 1547 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1547.1.1","Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J. (1998) Phylogeny and classification of the Culicidae (Diptera). Systematic Entomology, 23 (4), 327 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.1998.00072. x","Harbach, R. E. & Peyton, E. L. (1990) A new subgenus in Wyeomyia (Diptera: Culicidae), with the reclassification and redescription of the type species, Sabethes fernandezyepezi. Mosquito Systematics, 22 (1), 15 - 23.","Motta, M. A., Lourenco-de-Oliveira, R. & Sallum, M. A. M. (2007) Phylogeny of genus Wyeomyia (Diptera: Culicidae) inferred from morphological and allozyme data. Canadian Entomologist, 139 (5), 591 - 627. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / n 06 - 088","Talaga, S., Leroy, C., Guidez, A., Dusfour, I., Girod, R., Dejean, A. & Murienne, J. (2017) DNA reference libraries of French Guianese mosquitoes for barcoding and metabarcoding. PLoS One, 12 (6), e 0176993. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0176993","Ribeiro, P. S., Galvao, C., Talaga, S., Carinci, R., Pavan, M. G., Lourenco-de-Oliveira, R. & Motta, M. A. (2020) Redescription and placement of Wyeomyia rorotai Senevet, Chabelard & Abonnenc (Diptera: Culicidae) in the subgenus Decamyia based on morphological and molecular analyses. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 291 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.4","Ribeiro, P. S., Pavan, M. G., da Silva, M. B., Galvao, C., Lourenco-de-Oliveira, R. & Motta, M. A. (2021) A new species of Wyeomyia (Diptera: Culicidae) from Heliconia flower bracts in northern South America. Zootaxa, 4999 (6), 534 - 552. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4999.6.2","Harbach, R. E. (2022) Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory. Available from: https: // mosquito-taxonomic-inventory. myspecies. info / (accessed 30 July 2022)","Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906) Diagnoses of new species of mosquitoes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 19, 133 - 142.","Senevet, G., Chabelard, R. & Abonnenc, E. (1942) Les moustiques de la Guyane. III. - Les sabethines (2). Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 20, 336 - 348.","Theobald, F. V. (1903) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. London British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii, 1 [errata] + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls.","Seifert, R. P. & Seifert, F. H. (1979) A Heliconia insect community in a Venezuelan cloud forest. Ecology, 60 (3), 462 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1936064","Lounibos, L. P. & Machado-Allison, C. E. (1993) Field test of mosquito ovipositional cues from Venezuelan phytotelmata. Florida Entomologist, 76 (4), 593 - 599. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3495791","Seifert, R. P. & Barrera, R. R. (1981) Cohort studies on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae living in the water-filled floral bracts of Heliconia aurea (Zingiberales: Musaceae). Ecological Entomology, 6 (2), 191 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1981. tb 00605. x","Rubio-Palis, Y., Moreno, J. E., Guzman, H., Sanchez, V., Bevilacqua, M. & Cardenas, L. (2019) Mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) de la cuenca del rio Caura, estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Nuevos registros para el pais y el estado. Boletin de Malariologia y Salud Ambiental, 59 (2), 98 - 111.","Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp.","GBIF (2021) The Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Available from: https: // www. gbif. org / pt / dataset / 850 b 5 c 8 c- 3 f 36 - 4403 - a 7 c 6 - a 9 f 156 ef 0 c 29 (accessed September 2021)","Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1977 a) Collection records of the project \" Mosquitoes of Middle America \" 7. Costa Rica (CR). Mosquito Systematics, 9 (2), 237 - 287."]}

Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is one of the widely used asset pricing models in modern securities theory. This mathematical model can help investors understand the relationship between expected returns and investment risk. To help energy commodity investors (especially Deutsche Bank) make the best decisions in investment management, this paper uses the CAPM and some statistical tools (variance, covariance and mean) to study risks on the expected return of investing in four common Deutsche Bank (DB) crude oil assets (DB crude oil double short, SZO-DB crude oil short order, OLO-DB crude oil short position, DBO-Invesco DB Petroleum Fund). The result reveals that DTO-DB Crude oil Double Short has the highest beta risk and highest expected return. And the higher the risk, the higher the expected return, and vice versa, that is, the risk is directly proportional to the expected return. In addition, the results also show that 73% of the investor’s wealth can be spent on a risky asset in DTO-DB Crude oil Double Short, 67% in SZO-DB Crude oil Short, 16% in OLO-DB Crude oil Short. Since the expected returns of DBO-Invesco DB Crude oil fund has a negative risk with negative expected returns, the investment in DBO-Invesco DB Crude oil will result in having a loss from the investment.

We develop a complex technology of fabrication of oil-and-gas pipes with elevated corrosion resistance, including the procedure of controlled forge-rolling of pipe blanks of 06X1-Y steel with regulated contents of chemical elements and the procedure of heat treatment, namely, hardening with double short-term high tempering at temperatures maximally close to the temperature of the α → γ phase transformation of steel. It is shown that pipes made of this steel have a fine-grained ferrite-pearlitic structure with high (up to 23%) contents of special α –α and α –γ low-energy boundaries and elevated corrosion resistance observed in the course of testing of the specimens in chloride and model chloride-acetate solutions. Moreover, these pipes are less susceptible to hydrogenation under the conditions of cathode polarization in 1 N H2SO4 + 1.5 g/liter CS(NH2)2 and exhibit higher resistances both to sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) and to hydrogen-induced cracking than the pipes made of 20 steel. It is shown that the procedure of heat treatment performed according to the developed technology increases the SSCC resistance (σgr ≥ 0.85 σ0.2) and improves the mechanical properties of the pipes up to the strength grade X56 according to the standard of the American Petroleum Institute API 5L.

Nyssorhynchus (Nyssorhynchus) rondoniensis Sant’Ana & Sallum, n. sp. Zoobank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 71ADE649-1005-470A-BE37-094F5272B86D Anopheles arthuri C of Bourke et al. 2013: 1, 3, 6–16 (phylogeny); Foster et al. 2017: 5 (phylogeny), Nyssorhynchus arthuri C of Greni et al. 2018: 1–4, 6–9 (phylogeny, distribution). Female. Integument light to dark brown, pruinose. Head: Vertex posterior to frontal tuft with erect, white spatulate scales and a few long, white setae, remainder of vertex and occiput with dark brown erect forked scales. Proboscis dark-scaled. Maxillary palpomere 1 with erect, dark scales; palpomere 2 with semi-erect, dark scales, pale scales at apex; palpomere 3 with decumbent, mostly dark scales, white scales at apex; palpomere 4 with decumbent, mostly white scales, dark scales at base, sometimes a few dark scales laterally and at apex; palpomere 5 with decumbent, predominantly white scales, dark scales at base. Thorax: Integument pruinose with dark areas between dorsocentral area and lateral margin, at posterior edge of scutal fossa and posteriorly on prescutellar area. Anterior promontory with long, white setiform scales, usually not extending far dorsad onto acrostichal area; acrostichal setae strong; dorsocentral setae long; scutellum with long dark setae on posterior margin and white spatulate scales anteriorly. Antepronotum with dark setae. Prespiracular area bare; upper mesokatepisternum without setae and scales, lower mesokatepisternum with white spatulate scales and brownish setae. Wing (Fig. 1a): Veins covered with dark and pale scales. Dorsal spots as follows: Costa with basal pale and prehumeral pale (BP and PHP), prehumeral dark (PHD), humeral pale (HP), humeral dark (HD), presector pale (PSP), presector dark (PSD), sector pale (SP), sector dark (SD), accessory sector pale (ASP), sector dark (SD), subcostal pale (SCP), preapical dark (PD), preapical pale (PP), apical dark (AD) and apical pale (AP) spots; vein R s mostly dark-scaled; R 2+3,R 4+5 and M predominantly pale-scaled. Legs: Tarsomeres Ta-I 1-3 and Ta-I 5 with white-scaled apices, Ta-I 4 dark-scaled. Tarsomeres Ta-II 1,2 and Ta-II 5 darkscaled with apical white band, Ta-II 3 and Ta-II 4 dark-scaled. Hindleg (Fig. 1b): Tarsomeres Ta-III 1 predominantly dark-scaled, pale-scaled at apex, Ta-III 2 dark-scaled approximately on proximal 0.23, pale-scaled approximately on distal 0.77, Ta-III 3 and Ta-III 4 entirely white-scaled, Ta-III 5 dark-scaled on approximately proximal 0.5, whitescaled on distal 0.5. Abdomen: Integument dark brown; terga II–V with pale scales in sub-triangular pattern, pale scales evenly distributed on terga VI–VIII; dark posterolateral scale-tufts on terga II–VII. Sternum I bare; sterna II–VII with a few sparse pale scales; sternum VIII with pale scales and a few dark scales. Male. Similar to female except for sexual characters. Head: Maxillary palpus mostly dark-scaled, with pale spots; palpomere 2 with erect dark scales and a few pale scales; palpomere 3 with erect dark scales basally, with pale apical band; palpomere 4 dark-scaled, with pale scales basally and apically; palpomere 5 mostly white-scaled on dorsal surface, lateral and ventral surfaces mostly dark-scaled. Genitalia (Fig. 2c): Segment VIII—Tergum and sternum with spatulate scales and long setae. Segment IX—Sternum well developed, sub-rectangular. Dorsal claspette—Pedicel long, rounded basally, with 3 broad, curved apical leaflets. Ventral claspette—Apex wide, irregular, rugose, striated, striae oriented parallel to longitudinal axis of the genitalia, apex moderately expanded laterally into rounded lobes; apicolateral lobes with convex basal and lateral margins, apical margin weakly concave. Apex without spicules on ventral, lateral and dorsal surfaces. Preapical plate moderately developed, poorly sclerotized, approximately circular, moderately defined. Basal lobule large, slightly expanded laterally at base, spicules on basal margin, long, strong, smaller at internal angle, projecting posteriorly. Phallosome—Aedeagus with broadly rounded apex, leaflets absent. Pupa (Fig. 2a, b). Position and development of setae as figured. All measurements, and number and mode of setal branches are based on 5 specimens. Cephalothorax (Fig. 2a): Integument weakly pigmented; trumpet angusticorn with meatal cleft; pinna moderately pigmented. Abdomen (Fig. 2b): Length 2.35–2.53 mm (mean 2.42 ± 0.07 mm) seta 1-I dendritic, number of branches not counted; seta 2-I with 2–6 (4) branches; seta 3-I single, as long as 2-I; seta 4-I 3–5 (4) branched; seta 5-I single or double; setae 6,9-I single, 9-I shorter than seta 7-I; seta 7-I usually double, shorter than 6-I; seta 0- II – VII moderately developed, 0- II – IV with 3–6 (5) branches, 0- V, VII with 2–4 (3) branches, 0- VI 2–5 (4) branched; seta 1- II, III well developed, 3–10 (8) and 4–8 (6) branched, respectively, 1- IV – VII always single, strong, long, extending beyond following segment; seta 2- IV, V normally single, with 1–3 branches, 2- VI with 1–3 (3) branches, 2- VII with 1–3 (2) branches; seta 3- IV, V usually triple, 2–4 (3) and 1–3 (3), respectively, 3- VI with 1,2 (2) branches, 3- VII with 1–3 (2) branches; seta 4- IV – VII with 1,2 (2) branches, 4-VIII double, 2,3 (2); seta 5- III, IV with 4–6 (5) and 3–5 (4) branches, respectively, 5- V – VII single, long; seta 6- II – VII single; seta 7- II with 2,3 (3) branches, 7- III with 1,2 (2) branches, 7- IV, V double, 1–3 (2), 7- VI, VII single, 7- VI, VII moderately developed; seta 8- III, IV with 1–3 (2) branches, 8- V, VI with 1,2 (2) branches, 8- VII double, 2,3 (2); seta 9- II minute, lightly pigmented, 9- III short, stout, 9- IV, V stout, dark, 9- VI – VII stout, dark, longer than 9- IV, V; seta 10- III with 1–4 (2) branches, 10- IV, VII with 1,2 (1) branches, 10- V single, 10- VI absent; seta 11- III – VII frequently single. Genital lobe: Broad at base, with sides sloping toward apex, apex with mammiliform protuberance. Paddle: Length 0.70–0.72 mm (mean 0.71 ± 0.01 mm), width 0.47–0.58 mm (mean 0.51 ± 0.04 mm); obovate, outer margin distad of buttress with very fine, minute spicules, extending around apex and becoming sparse along inner margin; seta 1-Pa single, stronger than seta 2-Pa; seta 2-Pa normally single. Fourth-instar larva (Fig. 3). Position and development of setae as figured. All measurements, and number and mode of setal branches are based on 5 specimens. Head: Length 0.62–0.64 mm (mean 0.63 ± 0.01 mm), width 0.58–0.63 mm (mean 0.61 ± 0.02 mm). Integument weakly pigmented, yellowish to light brown, with dark spots, not forming distinct pattern. Seta 2-C single, with sparse, minute aciculae distally; seta 3-C shorter than 2-C, single, distance between bases of 2-C 0.010 –0.016 mm (mean 0.013 ± 0.005 mm); distance between bases of 2-C and 3-C 0.046 –0.060 mm (mean 0.054 ± 0.005 mm), clypeal index (=ratio between distance between bases of 2-C and 3-C on one side and distance between bases of 2-C) 4.15; seta 4-C double, short, usually not reaching base of 2-C; seta 5-C long, plumose, with 15–23 branches extending beyond base of 2-C; seta 6-C with 15–20 branches; seta 7-C with 17–26 branches; seta 8-C with 2–4 (3) branches; seta 9-C 2–4 (4) branched; seta 10-C with 2,3 (2) branches; setae 12,13-C frequently with 4 branches, 3–6 (4) and 4–6 (4), respectively. Collar dark brown, heavily pigmented. Antenna: Length 0.27–0.29 mm (mean = 0.28 ± 0.01 mm), enlarged toward base, longer than wide; with long, thin spicules on mesal margin, spicules shorter and fewer on dorsal and ventral surfaces; seta 1-A with 4–7 (6) branches, small, inserted 0.06–0.09 mm (mean = 0.07 ± 0.01 mm) distant from base. Thorax: Setae 1,2-P arising separately, 1-P palmate, with 13–16 (13) narrow, lanceolate leaflets, 2-P with 17–22 branches; seta 3-P single; seta 14-P with 8–12 (12) branches, arising distinct distance from base, extending beyond anterior margin of thorax; seta 1-M strongly plumose, with 34–42 branches; seta 2-M normally single, 1,2 (1); setae 3,5-M single; seta 4-M with 2,3 (3) branches; setae 6,7-M with 2,3 (2) and 3,4 (3) branches, respectively; seta 8-M plumose, with 28–36 branches; seta 14-M 8–11 (8) branched; seta 3- T palmate, moderately narrow, with 12–17 (16) semi-transparent leaflets. Abdomen: Seta 0- II – VII moderately long; seta 1-I– VII palmate, 1-I with 12–17 (12) narrow, semi-transparent leaflets, 1- II – VII with narrow, pointed leaflets; seta 2-I 3–6 (4) branched, short, 2- II – VII moderately long, 2- II, VII 4–6 (5) branched, 2- III with 3–5 (4) branches, 2- IV, V single; seta 5-I with 3–5 (4) branches, 5- II, V, VI usually with 7 branches, 7–10 (7), 5–8 (7) and 5–10 (7), respectively, 5- III with 7–10 (8) branches, 5- IV frequently with 6 branches, 5- VII with 7–11 (9) branches; seta 6-I– III plumose, inserted on tubercle, 6- IV – VI simple, single, large, 6- VII with 3,4 (4) branches; seta13- V larger than 13-I– IV; seta 1-VIII single; seta 2-VIII 6,7 (7) branched, seta 3-VIII with 8–10 (10) branches; seta 4-VIII single; seta 5-VIII 4–6 (5) branched. Pecten: With 4 or 5 long and 9–13 short spines; median plate moderately pigmented, darkly pigmented anteriorly, with median, pointed lateral arms; slightly narrowing in portion below the arms. Segment X: Seta 1-X inserted on margin of saddle; anal papillae narrow, longer than saddle. Etymology. The name rondoniensis is derived from the name of Rondônia State, located in the Amazon Region of Brazil, where the species was first recorded. Bionomics. Larvae and pupae of Ny. rondoniensis were taken from partially shaded lake margins, ground pools and flooded areas. The water was stagnant or with moderate movement, fresh, clear, with floating, submerged and emergent vegetation. They were also taken in a habitat without vegetation on a rocky outcrop with a waterfall, fully exposed to the sun. It is unknown whether Ny. rondoniensis is a local vector of malaria; however, it could be involved since females can be misidentified as Ny. oswaldoi s.l. or Ny. konderi s.l., both previously suspected to be local vectors in the States of Acre and Rondônia. Further studies are necessary to verify the potential association of Ny. rondoniensis with malaria transmission. Distribution. Nyssorhynchus rondoniensis occurs in the municipalities of Campo Novo de Rondônia and Monte Negro, Rondônia State, Brazilian Amazon. Material examined. Holotype — Adult male with associated Le and Pe and dissected genitalia mounted on microscope slides, specimen field code RO29-12, FSP-USP nº E-16057, bearing the following collection data: BRAZIL, Rondônia State, municipality of Campo Novo de Rondônia, Fazenda Marechal Rondon, 10º 38′ 15.5″ S, 65º 29′ 59.4″ W, coll. 17-Jun-2008, Bergo et al., larvae were collected from ground-pool habitats and kept alive to obtain males associated with larval and pupal exuviae. Paratypes — 21 specimens with the following information: Rondônia State, municipality of Campo Novo de Rondônia, Fazenda Marechal Rondon, 10º 38′ 15.5″ S, 65º 29′ 59.4″ W, coll. 17-Jun-2008, Bergo et al., RO29-1, FSP-USP no. E-16058 [FLePe]; RO29-5, FSP-USP no. E-16059 [MLePe]; RO29-9, FSP-USP no. E-16060 [LePeG]; RO29-10, FSP-USP no. E-16061 [LePe]; RO29-11, FSP-USP no. E-16062 [MLePeG]; RO29-13, FSP-USP no. E-16063 [FLePe]; RO29-17, FSP-USP no. E-16064 [MLePeG]; RO29-101, FSP-USP no. E-16065 [FPe]; RO29-105, FSP-USP no. E-16066 [FPe]; RO29-107, FSP-USP no. E- 16067 [MPe]; RO31-2, FSP-USP no. E-16068 [MLePeG]; RO31-4, FSP-USP no. E-16069 [LePeG]; RO31-6, FSPUSP no. E-16070 [LePeG]; RO31-10, FSP-USP no. E-16071 [LePeG]. Rondônia State, municipality of Monte Negro, Gleba Amir Lando, 10º 16′ 07.1″ S, 63º 33′ 19.4″ W, coll. 10-Jan-2008, Bergo, RO 08-2, FSP-USP no. E-16072 [Le]; RO08-3, FSP-USP no. E-16073 [FLePe]; RO08-4, FSP-USP no. E-16074 [LePeG]; RO08-105, FSPUSP no. E-16075 [MPe]; RO08-106, FSP-USP no. E-16076 [FPe]; RO08-109, FSP-USP no. E-16077 [MPeG]. Rondônia State, municipality of Monte Negro, Gleba Amir Lando, 10º 17′ 27.3″ S, 63º 34′ 34.9″ W, coll. 10-Jan- 2008, Bergo, RO 07-104, FSP-USP no. E-16078 [PeG]. The holotype and paratypes are deposited in the Coleção Entomológica de Referência (FSP-USP), Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Other specimens examined —Specimens identified as Ny. strodei with the following data: San Ramón, Beni Department, Bolivia, coll. 4-Dec-1991, Conn & Fritz [2G]., Published as part of Sant'Ana, Denise Cristina & Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb, 2022, A new species of the Arthuri Complex of the Strodei Subgroup of Nyssorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), pp. 559-569 in Zootaxa 5175 (5) on pages 560-565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7009562, {"references":["Bourke, B. P., Oliveira, T. P., Suesdek, L., Bergo, E. S. & Sallum, M. A. M. (2013) A multi-locus approach to barcoding in the Anopheles strodei subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites & Vectors, 6, 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1756 - 3305 - 6 - 111","Foster, P. G., Oliveira, T. M. P. de, Bergo, E. S., Conn, J. E., Sant'Ana, D. C., Nagaki, S. S., Nihei, S., Lamas, C. E., Gonzalez, C., Moreira, C. C. & Sallum, M. A. M. (2017) Phylogeny of Anophelinae using mitochondrial protein coding genes. Royal Society Open Scienc e, 4 (11), 170758. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 170758","Greni, S. E., Demari-Silva, B., Oliveira, T. M. P. de, Suesdek, L., Laporta, G. Z. & Sallum, M. A. M. (2018) A multi-gene analysis and potential spatial distribution of species of the Strodei Subgroup of the genus Nyssorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 55 (6), 1486 - 1495. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjy 137"]}

BackgroundThe position and number of cages in minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) are mainly determined by surgeons based on their individual experience. Therefore, it is important to investigate the optimal number and position of cages in MIS-TLIF.MethodsThe lumbar model was created based on a 24-year-old volunteer's computed tomography data and then tested using three different cage implantation methods: single transverse cage implantation (model A), single oblique 45° cage implantation (model B), and double vertical cage implantation (model C). A preload of 500 N and a moment of 10 Nm were applied to the models to simulate lumbar motion, and the models' range of motion (ROM), ROM ratio, peak stress of the internal fixation system, and cage were assessed.ResultsThe ROM ratios of models A, B, and C were significantly reduced by >71% compared with the intact model under all motions. Although there were subtle differences in the ROM ratio for models A, B, and C, the trends were similar. The peak stress of the internal fixation system appeared in model B of 136.05 MPa (right lateral bending), which was 2.07 times that of model A and 1.62 times that of model C under the same condition. Model C had the lowest cage stress, which was superior to that of the single-cage model.ConclusionIn MIS-TLIF, single long-cage transversal implantation is a promising standard implantation method, and double short-cage implantation is recommended for patients with severe osteoporosis.

Use of intraprocedural observation and pharmacologic challenges have been proposed as means to differentiate permanent pulmonary vein (PV)-left atrial conduction block from inadequate ablation lesions.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical impact of spontaneous and adenosine-provoked reconnection using contemporary atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation technologies.The CIRCA-DOSE (Cryoballoon vs. Irrigated Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: Double Short vs. Standard Exposure Duration) study enrolled 346 patients with paroxysmal AF and randomized them to contact force-guided radiofrequency ablation (CF-RF) or cryoballoon ablation. Patients underwent provocative testing with adenosine after a 20-minute observation period. All patients received an implantable cardiac monitor for arrhythmia monitoring.Spontaneous reconnection was observed in 5.4% of PVs (71/1318) during the 20-minute postprocedure observation period, and dormant conduction was elicited in 5.7% of PVs (75/1318). Both spontaneous reconnection and dormant conduction were more common after CF-RF compared to cryoballoon ablation (P = .03 and P.0001, respectively). Acute PV reconnection (spontaneous or adenosine-provoked) was associated with a significantly higher incidence of recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia in the cryoballoon group (hazard ratio [HR] 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-3.96; P = .0007) but not in the CF-RF group (HR 1.47; 95% CI 0.84-2.58; P = .16). In the absence of acute reconnection, the freedom from recurrent arrhythmia did not differ between groups (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.6057-1.495; P = .83).Patients without spontaneous or adenosine-provoked reconnection had better outcomes compared to those with acute PV reconnection, suggesting that efforts should be directed toward ensuring an ideal ablation lesion at the first attempt in order to achieve durable PV isolation.

Watsonopsestis gen. n. (Figs 5–8, 20–21, 31) Type species: Watsonopsestis smithi sp. n., by monotypy. Diagnosis The type species of the new genus is highly reminiscent externally of species of the Oriental genus Horipsestis Matumura, 1933 sharing characters such as the nearly identical wingshape and wingpattern with a conspicuously pale basal area, a darkened inner half of the median area, a similar configuration of the transverse lines and the apical streak. The two genera, however, are clearly distinguished in the genital morphology: in the male genitalia, the new genus has a considerably shorter and broader, medio-ventrally largely dilated valva, and a well-developed, rounded, lobe-like, densely setose protrusion of the transtillae, which is absent in Horipsestis, where the transtillae are fused into a knob-like medial plate. Furthermore, the transtillae of Watsonopsestis are connected to the fultura inferior (juxta) with a narrow, sclerotized band, while in Horipsestis, the transtillae and the juxta are unattached. The two genera have markedly different fultura inferiors: that of Watsonopsestis consists of a pair of unattached, broad-based, short, rounded-triangular lobes, whereas in Horipsestis it is comprised of a pair of basally fused, parallel, long and broad, tongue-shaped plates directed caudad. An additional typical character of Horipsestis is the antero-medially broadly depressed vinculum, which is evenly convex in Watsonopsestis. The short, tubular aedeagus, the shape of the carina and the presence of a spinulose cornuti field are homologous characters in the two genera, the only remarkable difference being the presence of a well-developed medial diverticulum of the vesica in Watsonopsestis. In the female genitalia, the most important distinctive character between the two genera is the considerably smaller, less sclerotized, calyculate ostium bursae and the markedly shorter and broader signum bursae of Watsonopsestis, compared to those of the Oriental genus. Compared to Marplena Lane, 1973, the other monotypic Afrotropical thyatirine genus, Watsonopsestis has a somewhat slimmer body, a slightly longer and terminally less dilated forewing with a gently arcuate costal margin (it is straight in Marplena) and a considerably lighter ground colour with a more brownish shade. The dorsal half of the forewing basal area is whitish with pale brownish suffusion in Watsonopsestis, while it is uniformly grey in Marplena. The new genus has a more strongly undulate antemedial line situated further from the wing base and a smaller orbicular and larger reniform stigma which are adjoined to each other, whereas the orbicular and reniform stigma are nearly identical in size and well separated in Marplena. The postmedial line is markedly more arched medially in Watsonopsestis and the subterminal line is weakly defined and interrupted, while it is sharply contrasting in Marplena. The subapical section of the costa bears a black, more or less semi-circular marking in the new genus which is absent in Marplena, while the apical streak is much shorter and thinner in Watsonopsestis. In the male genitalia, Watsonopsestis has a basally markedly narrower uncus, longer socii, a distally narrower, proximally wider tegumen, and a much shorter, apically more pointed and ventrally more dilated valva compared to Marplena. The transtilla of the new genus bears a rounded-triangular setose lobe which is absent in Marplena. The configuration of the fultura inferior (juxta) is similar in both genera consisting of two small unattached plates, but those of Watsonopsestis are broad-based and rounded-triangular, while they are elongate-quadrangular in Marplena. The aedeagus of the two genera are similar in shape, but it is slightly longer and straight, and the carina process is more pointed in the new genus than in Marplena. Additionally, the vesica of Watsonopsestis has a well-developed diverticulum medially, which is absent in Marplena. In the female genitalia, the main differences between Marplena and Watsonopsestis are expressed in the considerably narrower ostium bursae and the markedly larger, elongate signum bursae compared to the small, round signum of Marplena. Description External morphology of adult (Figs 5–8). Forewing length 16-17 mm. Antenna filiform, laterally flattened, typical of most Thyatirinae, dorsally covered by a thin layer of small white scales, chequered with dark brown in the basal quarter; scapus short but broad, covered in long, off-white scales with a narrow, black subbasal ring. Head relatively large, labial palp medium long and narrow, upcurved, dorso-laterally dark brown, ventrally off-white; medial segment ca. 5 times longer than basal and apical segment. Frons greyish-white with a dark brown band anteriorly, vertex pale ochreous-brown. Compound eye relatively large, globular, anteriorly bordered by a thin crista of long, dark brown hair-like scales. Collar pale ochreous sparsely scattered by dark brown scales; tegula bright white basally, gradually darkening towards tip, apex dark brown; both sides of thorax pale greyish-brown, abdomen greyish-white with a long, prominent dark brown dorsal hair-tuft on 3 rd segment. Forewing. Moderately elongate and narrow, costal and outer margin slightly arched, ventral margin almost straight, apex rounded. Basal and antemedial area greyish-white in dorsal, greyish-brown in ventral half without transverse lines. Antemedial line double, evenly arched, gently wavy. Medial line absent, inner half of median area dark brown, gradually lightened distally. Orbicular stigma contiguous to reniform stigma, former one half as large as latter. Postmedial line double, short costal section straight, then curved outwards in dorsal third, ventral two-thirds almost straight. Subterminal line very thin, interrupted, poorly visible, subterminal area with short black streaks on veins; terminal line thin, dark brown, scalloped between veins. Apical streak very thin and short, slightly curved, ending in vein M1. Cilia long, pale grey, chequered with narrow, dark grey patches. Hindwing. Costal and outer margin arcuate, anal margin almost straight; ground colour pale ochreous-grey in basal half, slightly darkening towards outer margin. Discal spot small, dash-like, diffuse; transverse lines absent, terminal line dark grey; cilia long, pale grey. Underside of wings uniformly pale grey, transverse lines undiscernible, subapical section of forewing costal margin pale greyish-white. Intraspecific variability limited. Sexual dimorphism negligible, expressed only by the somewhat longer and broader forewing of female. Male genitalia (Figs 20–21). Uncus digitiform, moderately long, narrow, apically rounded; socius as long as uncus, rather narrow with rounded apex, directed parallelly with uncus. Tegumen short, very broad dome-shaped anteriorly, narrow trapezoidal posteriorly. Vinculum short, broadly rounded. Valva short, broad at base, dorsal margin gently convex with narrow costal sclerotized band, basal half of ventral margin almost straight, medial section abruptly curved dorsad, distal half evenly concave, apex rounded-triangular. Sacculus very weakly sclerotized, without process. Transtilla well-developed, rounded triangular, lobe-like, distally densely covered in short setae, proximally connected to fultura inferior (juxta) with a narrow, sclerotized band. Fultura superior unmodified, very weakly sclerotized, broad ribbon-like. Fultura inferior consisting of two basally broad, short, rounded-triangular plates with setose apex. Aedeagus short, moderately thick, tubular, coecum long, almost half as long as entire aedeagus, apex rounded; carina short, slightly curved, claw-like. Vesica relatively long, basal part inflated, medial part with a semi-spherical diverticulum and an elongate finely spinulose area, distal section narrow tubular, slightly tapering. Female genitalia (Fig. 31). Papilla analis short and relatively narrow, rounded, posterior apophysis short and thin. Eighth tergite short and narrow, quadrangular; anterior apophysis thin, 2.5 times longer than posterior apophysis. Ostium bursae broad, V-shaped, caliciform; ductus bursae very short and narrow, lateral margins broadly sclerotized; cervix bursae membranous, unmodified, ductus seminalis moderately thick. Distal tubular part of corpus bursae long and relatively narrow, slightly dilated anteriorly; dilated proximal part of corpus bursae spherical, slightly rugose; signum bursae moderately long (ca. one-third of diameter of corpus bursae), anteriorly gradually dilated and rounded, elongate teardrop-shaped. Etymology The new genus is named in honour of the late Dr Allan Watson, a renowned specialist of Drepanidae and former curator of the Lepidoptera collections of NHMUK. He was the first to recognise and describe Thyatirid moths from the Afrotropical Region, introducing the genus Aethiopsestis. The desinence “- psestis ” has been widely used in thyatirine generic names., Published as part of László, Gyula M., 2022, Review of theAfrotropical Thyatirinae (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae) with description of a new genus and a new species, pp. 359-374 in Zootaxa 5124 (3) on pages 361-364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5124.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6411026, {"references":["Lane, M. A. (1973) A new genus and species of Ethiopian Thyatiridae (Lepidoptera). Journal of Natural History, 7 (3), 267 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937300770221"]}

Six double-short-limb reinforced concrete (RC) prefabricated shear walls with different infill wall were constructed and tested under cyclic horizontal load and constant vertical load to study the seismic performance, including unfilled shear wall, ceramsite concrete hollow block masonry infilling, concrete integration infilling with hollow tube (HTCI), concrete integration infilling with polystyrene plate sandwich (PPSCI), lightweight partition board infilling and ceramsite concrete infilling. The hysteretic curve, failure mode, stress feature, shear bearing capacity, deformation ability, stiffness, ductility and energy dissipating capacity were obtained. The testing results showed that, the prefabricated integration shear wall (HTCI infilling, PPSCI infilling) failed due to the combined action of bending moment and shear force. Compared to the specimen without infill wall, infilled by masonry and lightweight partition board, the integration shear wall and the shear wall with ceramsite concrete infilling owns better shear bearing capacity, stiffness, energy-dissipating capacity and reliable seismic performance. Finite element (FE) model of all tested specimens were developed by using software OpenSEES, and the precision and utility of these FE models verified by testing data. Using the proposed FE models, an extensive parametric study was performed to investigate the influence factors on the seismic performance of precast fabricated RC shear wall including length of the infill wall, concrete strength, ratio of longitudinal reinforcement in wall limbs and axial compression ratio. Finally, the optimization program of infill wall for the opening of the precast fabricated shear wall are studied based on thickness of polystyrene plate sandwich and setting of steel fabric.

Retaining pile structure is commonly utilized in excavation maintenance design. In recent years, the long-short combined retaining piles have received more and more attention. According to the actual deep excavation engineering, the working mechanism of the long-short, long-double-short, and long-triple-short combined retaining piles was tested in the field. Based on the field test parameters, the finite element model of the test area was established and the simulation results were verified, and the effects of short pile length and pile spacing on bending moment, horizontal displacement of piles, surface settlement, and excavation bottom heave were further investigated. The results show that the bending moment of the long pile is larger than the short pile. The bending moment of the long pile and short pile increases gradually with the increase in the number of short piles. When the combination changes from combination 1 to 3, the peak moment of the long pile and short pile increases by 15.8% and 15.2%, respectively. The maximum displacement is near the pile top, combination 3 has the largest horizontal displacement, and the peak displacement of the long pile and the short pile is 17.21 mm and 17.87 mm, respectively, but almost no effect exists on the horizontal displacement below the excavation bottom. In addition, reducing short pile length and increasing pile spacing will increase bending moment and horizontal displacement of the long and short piles to a certain extent, and this phenomenon is mainly concentrated above the excavation bottom, the influence of short pile length and pile spacing on surface settlement and excavation bottom heave can be ignored.

IMPORTANCE: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have impaired health-related quality of life primarily owing to symptoms related to AF episodes; however, quality of life can be influenced by AF therapies, AF complications, the frequency of follow-up visits and hospitalizations, illness perceptions, and patient factors, such as anxiety or depression. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between change in AF burden and quality of life in the year following ablation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The current study is a secondary analysis of a prospective, parallel-group, multicenter, single-masked randomized clinical trial (Cryoballoon vs Irrigated Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: Double Short vs Standard Exposure Duration [CIRCA-DOSE] study), which took place at 8 Canadian centers. Between September 2014 and July 2017, 346 patients older than 18 years with symptomatic, primarily low-burden AF refractory to antiarrhythmic therapy referred for first catheter ablation were enrolled. All patients received an implantable cardiac monitor at least 30 days before ablation and were followed up with up to December 2018. Data were analyzed from April 2020 to June 2021. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to contact force–guided radiofrequency ablation, 4-minute cryoballoon ablation, or 2-minute cryoballoon ablation. The exposure in the present analysis is the absolute difference in AF burden prior to ablation and 12 months following ablation, as evaluated by the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life (AFEQT) Score. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Absolute difference in quality of life from baseline to 12 months postablation. RESULTS: Of 346 included patients, 231 (66.7%) were male, and the median (interquartile range) age was 60 (52-66) years. A total of 328 patients (94.8%) had paroxysmal AF. The median (interquartile range) preablation AF burden was 2.0% (0.1-11.9), and the AF burden decreased to 0% at 12 months postablation. At 12 months, a 1-point improvement in AFEQT score was observed for every absolute reduction in daily AF burden of 15.8 minutes (95% CI, 7.2-24.4; P

Hetereleotris nasoramosa sp. nov. Socotra hole-hiding goby Figs. 2–5, Table 1 Holotype. SMF 39500 [sample tissue SOC18-191], female, 20.9+ 4.8 mm, Socotra Island, Delisha, 12°40.312’ N, 54°09.212’ E, a small stone on sand flat, depth 11–12 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky & F.N. Saeed, 05 May 2018 (Fig. 4A & B). Paratypes (5 specimens, 18.6–24.9 mm SL). PMR VP4890 [sample tissue SOC19-355], male, 22.3+ 5.1 mm, Socotra Island, Di Hamri, 12°40.046’ N, 54°10.758’ E, a small rock, depth 8–10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 02 April 2019; PMR VP4891 [sample tissue SOC19-358], female, 18.6+ 4.3 mm, Socotra Island, Di Hamri, 12°40.046’ N, 54°10.758’ E, a small rock, depth 8–10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 02 April 2019; SMF 39501, female, 24.9+ 5.3 mm, Socotra Island, Di Hamri, 12°40.046’ N, 54°10.758’ E, a small rock, depth 8–10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 02 April 2019 (Fig. 5A & B); SMF 39502, presumably male, 20.7+ 4.6 mm, Socotra Island, Di Hamri, 12°40.046’ N, 54°10.758’ E, a small rock, depth 8–10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 02 April 2019; SMF 39503, male, 21.1+ 4.5 mm, Socotra Island, Di Timri, 12°37.215’ N, 54°17.202’ E, rocky ridge with large stones, depth 10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 08 April 2019 (Fig. 5C). Diagnosis. Dorsal-fin rays VI+I,12; anal-fin rays I,11; pectoral-fin rays 15–16, all rays branched; pelvic-fin rays I,5, fins separated and without frenum, fifth ray unbranched; anterior nostril a moderately long tube with the process extending from median side of rim (as tentacle longer than tube) or as a slender flap slightly shorter than tube; posterior nostril a long tube with two tentacles, anterior long and posterior shorter; no tentacle above eye; mouth moderately large, posterior angle of jaws behind vertical through posterior edge of eye; no opercular spine; small mental frenum present; pelvic fins ending distantly well in front of anus; head and body mainly naked except for several ctenoid scales on caudal peduncle at caudal-fin base; head with anterior oculoscapular canal and preopercular canal, posterior oculoscapular canal absent; anterior oculoscapular canal pores with erected rim; suborbital rows of papillae in five transverse rows; nearly rounded dark blue or blackish spot as large as pupil above opercle; a large irregular white blotch on postorbital head, cheek and lower preopercle. Description (The morphometric values in the text are presented first for the holotype followed by ranges for paratypes; meristic values, if variable, the same). Body elongate, depth at anal-fin origin 5.6 (6.0–6.3) in SL, laterally compressed posteriorly, caudal peduncle deep and short, caudal peduncle depth 1.4 (1.3–1.4 female paratypes, 1.5–1.6 male paratypes) of body depth at anal-fin origin, caudal peduncle depth 0.9 (0.9 female paratypes, 1.1 male paratypes) of caudal peduncle length (Fig. 4). Head of moderate size, its length 3.4 (3.2–3.4) in SL, width 4.7 (4.8– 5.0) in SL, depth 5.1 (5.1–5.2) in SL, not depressed, its depth 1.1 (1.0–1.1) of width. Snout very steep in profile from lateral view, and short, length 0.5 (0.5) of eye diameter, 7.7 (7.7–8.1) in head length, no unpaired horn-like tentacle at the level of nostrils on snout midline. Anterior nostril a moderately long tube set over tip of upper lip with process extending from median side of rim (as tentacle longer than tube) or as slender flap slightly shorter than tube. Posterior nostril long tube, with tentacle longer than tube extending from anterior side of rim and tentacle shorter than tube extending from posterior side of rim (Fig. 2A). Eyes dorsolateral, moderately large, eye diameter 4.0 (3.7–4.0) in head length, orbit projecting forward and slightly elevated above dorsal profile of head. Interorbital narrow, 4.4 (4.1–5.3) of eye diameter. No tentacle above eye. Nape straight and flat. Mouth slightly subterminal, oblique, jaws ending anteriorly unequally, lower jaw slightly retracted anteriorly. Mouth moderately large, posterior angle of jaws behind vertical through posterior edge of eye. Upper lip wider than cheek, slightly inflated, in preserved specimens flattened and extending upwards on cheek. Cheek very narrow, suborbital depth less than upper lip width. Each side at front of upper jaw with outer row of 4–5 large recurved caniniform teeth, followed by irregularly scattered band of small conical inner teeth. Side of jaw with a single lateral row of about 10 medium-sized caniniform teeth. Sides of front of lower jaw with outer row of 4–5 large caniniform teeth, followed by irregularly scattered band of small conical median teeth and inner row of 5–6 large widely-spaced caniniform teeth. Single row of about ten mediumsized caniniform teeth continuous laterally on side of jaw. Small mental frenum midventrally behind lower lip. Branchiostegal membranes fused from isthmus to below pectoral-fin base, gill openings restricted to pectoral-fin base. Most of lower limb of first gill arch joined to gill cover by membrane. No spines on preopercle. Fins. First dorsal fin with VI spines, second dorsal fin I,12; anal fin I,11; branched caudal-fin rays 15, segmented 17 (16:1, 17:3). Pectoral-fin rays left 16 and right cut (15:4, 16:2, right side cut in two paratypes), all rays branched, not free at tips. Pectoral girdle without flaps on anterior edge. Pelvic fins I,5+5,I, left and right fin completely separated, distant and without frenum (Fig. 2B). Pelvic-fin rays branched, except fifth ray, fourth ray the longest, rays progressively shorter towards the first ray and pelvic spine. Spines of first dorsal fin not elongate or filamentous, first to fifth spine of first dorsal fin about equal in length, third always slightly longer than others, sixth spine short; fourth or fifth to sixth spine of first dorsal fin barely reaching origin of second dorsal fin when folded down. Origin of first dorsal fin behind vertical at pectoral-fin base. Origin of anal fin posterior to vertical at origin of second dorsal fin, i.e. opposite about first segmented ray of second dorsal fin. Pectoral fins not reaching posteriorly to below origin of second dorsal fin or just reaching to vertical at the second dorsal-fin spine. Pelvic fins short, ending well in front of anus in both sexes, 0.6 (0.6–0.7) of distance between origin of fins and anus, shorter than pectoral fins, 0.9 (0.9) of pectoral-fin length. Caudal fin rounded, shorter than head, 1.3 (1.3–1.4) in head length. Squamation. Head and body naked except for several ctenoid scales on caudal peduncle at caudal-fin base: four to eight scales ventrally on lateral side and one scale on the dorsal lateral side, most specimens with one more scale midlaterally (Fig. 2C). Cephalic sensory systems (Figs. 2D & 3). Head with anterior oculoscapular canal and preopercular canal with pores σ, λ, κ, ω, α, ρ, and δ, ε respectively. Pores in anterior oculoscapular canal with erected rim, nearly short tubes in some specimens (e.g. holotype) (Fig. 2D). Pore ω distant from eye, pore ρ positioned quite dorsally close to the level of pore ω, pore β absent. Posterior oculoscapular canal absent. Rows of head sensory papillae counted on all types, at least one side was in sufficient condition to count (holotype with better right side used for Fig. 3). Preorbital rows: snout with four median preorbital series, upper row r (1–2) middorsally between eyes above pore σ and posterior nostrils, row s 1 (1) at posterior nostril, row s 2 (1) below posterior nostril and row s 3 (2–3) above upper lip (rows s 1 and s 2 on Fig. 3 hidden by nostrils and tentacles). Lateral series c on snout in four parts, superior rows: upper row c 2 (2) between anterior and posterior nostrils, lower row c 1 (2–3) at anterior nostril; inferior rows: upper horizontal c 2 (3) anteriorly, and lower horizontal c 1 (1–2) posteriorly above upper lip. Suborbital rows: row a absent; row b short, behind vertical of posterior edge of eye and anteriorly close to suborbital row 4; five transverse suborbital rows of sensory papillae (1–5) present, row 1 oblique, reaching upper lip, rows 2 and 3 short and distant from eye, close to row d, row 4 long, curved, from posterior edge of eye slanting to posterior end of row d or slightly below it, row 5 close to pore α (1: 6–9, 2: 4–5, 3: 5–7, 4: 13–19, 5: 4); row d (6+10 – 7+13) long, above posterior part of upper lip, and continuing on lower cheek to meet suborbital row 4. Preoperculo-mandibular rows: external row e (14+10 – 18+18) longitudinal and uniserial, divided into anterior and posterior sections; internal row i (7+8 – 10+8) longitudinal and uniserial, divided into anterior and posterior sections, mental row f (4) behind frenum. Oculoscapular rows: three larger papillae longitudinally arranged on position of missing posterior oculoscapular canal above opercle, marked poc. Anterior longitudinal row x 1 (3+1 – 4+3) above level and behind pore ρ, divided in two parts, posterior longitudinal row x 2 (3) above posterior opercular edge, transverse row z (7–10) below and anterior to pore ρ, row y (1) below and behind row x 2 . Transverse axillary rows as 1 (3) and as 2 (2–3) and as 3 (1–2) present, row la 1 (2) above between rows as 1 and as 2 not visible in all specimens and la 2 not present (row as 3 on Fig. 3 hidden by pectoral fin). Opercular rows: single papilla at location of missing pore γ, marked pc. Transverse row ot (11–13); superior longitudinal row os (4–5); and inferior longitudinal row oi (3) not visible in every specimen. Anterior dorsal rows: transverse row n (3–4) behind pore ω, rows o and m absent; row g longitudinal (6–8); row h (3–5) in front of the first dorsal-fin base. Osteology. There are 10 precaudal vertebrae and 17 caudal vertebrae. The dorsal-fin pterygiophore pattern is 3-22110. Color of fresh and live female (Fig. 4A, holotype, SMF 39500; Fig. 5A & B, SMF 39501). Body in life transparent, with numerous yellow-brown or brown dots, a series of six or seven short, double, saddle-like dark brown marks along back, four series of 2–5 irregular iridescent white marks alternating with dark brown dashes along vertebral column, and five series of reflected white spots ventrally on body visible in alive specimens, the first series as 4–5 spots on abdomen, the last, fifth series as 1–2 very small spots above posterior part of anal fin; two obscure dusky blotches on abdomen, first beneath the pectoral fin, the second just behind it. An obvious nearly rounded dark blue to blackish spot as large as pupil above opercle over posterior opercular edge at the level of the pupil is most striking coloration pattern. Head brown, darker anteriorly, with a large oblique, irregular, white blotch on postorbital head and most of cheek, with ventroposterior extension ending at lower edge of preopercle; behind large blotch several smaller whitish spots of various size and shape present over preopercle and opercle and on nape and predorsal area, and a small white spot at angle of jaws; head covered with dark brown to blackish dots, becoming black and more dense on cheek and preopercle. First dorsal fin with two brown oblique bands, one in outer part, another short in the middle of fin from first to fourth spine, with white rectangular mark at base of first two spines and oblique white band between two brown bands, tips from fourth to sixth spines white. The second dorsal fin with transparent membranes and greenish brown spine and rays, with white dots on rays forming three irregular oblique rows. Anal fin mostly transparent with widely scattered small melanophores, mostly at base. Caudal fin transparent, with greenish rays, clearly visible in freshly dead specimens, and melanophores mostly at the fin base. Pectoral-fin base within a large white blotch, extending on base of fin except between sixth to eighth rays, rest of fin transparent, yellow in freshly dead specimens. Pelvic fins dark brown, densely dotted with melanophores. The overall live surface coloration pattern is retained in freshly dead specimens, with white marks on body less obvious and brown dotted coloration more obvious than in live specimens. Iris mottled brown with four faint radiating orange-red bars, pupil green-black. Body opaque white, with scattered melanophores concentrated in six double, short, brown bars along dorsal-fin bases, two below the first dorsal fin and four below the second dorsal fin. Color of live male ( Fig. 5C, paratype, SMF 39503, Fig. 5D). Material is limited, hence sexual dichromatism cannot be confirmed. Based on photograph of a male (Fig. 5C), head is not darker anteriorly than rest of the head as in the female, black spot above posterior edge of opercle is faint, a single white blotch on abdomen (vs. series of clusters of reflected white spots ventrally on body in females), and two dark bands on first dorsal fin are indistinct. Color of preserved specimens (Fig. 4B): Coloration lost in preservation, body yellowish white, with dark brown dots from melanophores. No sexual dichromatism observed. Head dotted brown. Ventral side and mouth darker than rest of head. Large oblique irregular whitish marking behind and below eye. Smaller whitish spots of various size and shape on head opercle, preopercle, dorsal and ventral side, not prominent, formed by less dense pattern of melanophores compared to darker parts. Eye with dark iris and white pupil. Body with scattered melanophores more concentrated in dorsal part, six marks along both dorsal-fin bases and ill-defined marks along lateral midline recognizable in some specimens. Intensive dark brown rounded mark above posterior opercular edge and pectoral fin is most conspicuous coloration pattern. Breast brown with many melanophores, rest of ventral side of body with more broadly spaced melanophores. First dorsal fin with two dark oblique bands, one in upper part, one in the middle of fin, alternating with whitish mark at anterior corner of fin base and oblique white band between two brown bands. Second dorsal fin marbled with dark and white spots. Anal fin transparent with rarely scattered small melanophores mostly at base. Caudal fin transparent, with melanophores at the fin base. Pectoral fins with few scattered melanophores, the rest of fin transparent. Pelvic fins dark dotted with melanophores. Etymology. The specific name nasoramosa is formed from the combination of two Latin words naso (nose), and ramosa (branched) in reference to the well-developed, branched process extending from the rim of the anterior and posterior nostril, respectively. Habitat and Distribution. Specimens of H. nasoramosa were collected on rubble-sand patches in sandy areas and in areas with mixed corals and stones or rocks at several localities from the north-eastern part of the Socotra Island. The holotype and paratypes were found living inside small holes in moderately large pieces of coral rock covered with short algae at depths of 8–11 m. The species has not yet been recognized from elsewhere and appears to be endemic to the Socotra Archipelago. Remarks. Based on the molecular phylogeny and several diagnostic morphological characters (see Generic identification above), the new species was assigned to Hetereleotris. It is unique though among Hetereleotris species in having a simple tentacle or slender flap extending from the anterior nostril and anterior and posterior tentacles extending from the posterior nostril, and by having five suborbital transverse papillae rows. An obvious large (as large as pupil), dark spot above the opercle is shared only with H. bipunctata Tortonese, 1976 and H. margaretae Hoese, 1986. However, both latter species have coloration patterns distinguishing them from the new species. Among twenty Hetereleotris species presently recognized, only the new species and H. tentaculata (Smith, 1958) share forward-set elevated eyes, a very short snout, and the posterior angle of the jaws behind vertical through the posterior edge of eye. The combination of head canals and pores seen in the new species is present otherwise only in H. caminata (Smith, 1958), H. tentaculata and H. vulgaris. The ctenoid scales, restricted to caudal peduncle only as a ventral patch and one or two individual scales dorsally, was reported among Hetereleotris species only in some specimens of H. tentaculata by Hoese (1986), in which it is variably present. The extreme reduction to a few scales is also present in H. aurantiaca Kovačić & Bogorodsky, 2019, but with a different pattern. All other Hetereleotris species are more extensively scaled, at least on the caudal peduncle, or the body is completely scaleless. Hetereleotris nasoramosa is morphologically most similar to H. tentaculata, sharing the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays VI+I,12, anal fin rays I+I,11, presence of some kind of tentacles on the head, eyes forward-set and elevated, a very short snout, posterior angle of jaws behind vertical through posterior edge of eye, scales restricted to caudal peduncle in a similar pattern (at least in some H. tentaculata specimens), and the same pattern of head canals and pores. However, H. tentaculata has a tentacle over the eye, no tentacles on the nostrils and a different coloration, e.g. presence of a dark bar below first dorsal fin and absence of a dark humeral spot. The putatively close relationship of these two species based on morphology should be confirmed once H. tentaculata material is available for molecular analysis. Cerogobius petrophilus was described in its own genus based on the presumed distinctive presence of a single tentacle on the snout midline between nostrils, with no other tentacles on the head. Compared to the new species, C. petrophilus is scaleless, with head canals and pores absent, with four suborbital transverse papillae rows and a different coloration (see Kovačić et al. 2019b). Its generic assignment is pending further investigation, as elaborated below.

Hetereleotris nasoramosa sp. nov. Socotra hole-hiding goby Figs. 2���5, Table 1 Holotype. SMF 39500 [sample tissue SOC18-191], female, 20.9+ 4.8 mm, Socotra Island, Delisha, 12��40.312��� N, 54��09.212��� E, a small stone on sand flat, depth 11���12 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky & F.N. Saeed, 05 May 2018 (Fig. 4A & B). Paratypes (5 specimens, 18.6���24.9 mm SL). PMR VP4890 [sample tissue SOC19-355], male, 22.3+ 5.1 mm, Socotra Island, Di Hamri, 12��40.046��� N, 54��10.758��� E, a small rock, depth 8���10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 02 April 2019; PMR VP4891 [sample tissue SOC19-358], female, 18.6+ 4.3 mm, Socotra Island, Di Hamri, 12��40.046��� N, 54��10.758��� E, a small rock, depth 8���10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 02 April 2019; SMF 39501, female, 24.9+ 5.3 mm, Socotra Island, Di Hamri, 12��40.046��� N, 54��10.758��� E, a small rock, depth 8���10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 02 April 2019 (Fig. 5A & B); SMF 39502, presumably male, 20.7+ 4.6 mm, Socotra Island, Di Hamri, 12��40.046��� N, 54��10.758��� E, a small rock, depth 8���10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 02 April 2019; SMF 39503, male, 21.1+ 4.5 mm, Socotra Island, Di Timri, 12��37.215��� N, 54��17.202��� E, rocky ridge with large stones, depth 10 m, coll. S. V. Bogorodsky, 08 April 2019 (Fig. 5C). Diagnosis. Dorsal-fin rays VI+I,12; anal-fin rays I,11; pectoral-fin rays 15���16, all rays branched; pelvic-fin rays I,5, fins separated and without frenum, fifth ray unbranched; anterior nostril a moderately long tube with the process extending from median side of rim (as tentacle longer than tube) or as a slender flap slightly shorter than tube; posterior nostril a long tube with two tentacles, anterior long and posterior shorter; no tentacle above eye; mouth moderately large, posterior angle of jaws behind vertical through posterior edge of eye; no opercular spine; small mental frenum present; pelvic fins ending distantly well in front of anus; head and body mainly naked except for several ctenoid scales on caudal peduncle at caudal-fin base; head with anterior oculoscapular canal and preopercular canal, posterior oculoscapular canal absent; anterior oculoscapular canal pores with erected rim; suborbital rows of papillae in five transverse rows; nearly rounded dark blue or blackish spot as large as pupil above opercle; a large irregular white blotch on postorbital head, cheek and lower preopercle. Description (The morphometric values in the text are presented first for the holotype followed by ranges for paratypes; meristic values, if variable, the same). Body elongate, depth at anal-fin origin 5.6 (6.0���6.3) in SL, laterally compressed posteriorly, caudal peduncle deep and short, caudal peduncle depth 1.4 (1.3���1.4 female paratypes, 1.5���1.6 male paratypes) of body depth at anal-fin origin, caudal peduncle depth 0.9 (0.9 female paratypes, 1.1 male paratypes) of caudal peduncle length (Fig. 4). Head of moderate size, its length 3.4 (3.2���3.4) in SL, width 4.7 (4.8��� 5.0) in SL, depth 5.1 (5.1���5.2) in SL, not depressed, its depth 1.1 (1.0���1.1) of width. Snout very steep in profile from lateral view, and short, length 0.5 (0.5) of eye diameter, 7.7 (7.7���8.1) in head length, no unpaired horn-like tentacle at the level of nostrils on snout midline. Anterior nostril a moderately long tube set over tip of upper lip with process extending from median side of rim (as tentacle longer than tube) or as slender flap slightly shorter than tube. Posterior nostril long tube, with tentacle longer than tube extending from anterior side of rim and tentacle shorter than tube extending from posterior side of rim (Fig. 2A). Eyes dorsolateral, moderately large, eye diameter 4.0 (3.7���4.0) in head length, orbit projecting forward and slightly elevated above dorsal profile of head. Interorbital narrow, 4.4 (4.1���5.3) of eye diameter. No tentacle above eye. Nape straight and flat. Mouth slightly subterminal, oblique, jaws ending anteriorly unequally, lower jaw slightly retracted anteriorly. Mouth moderately large, posterior angle of jaws behind vertical through posterior edge of eye. Upper lip wider than cheek, slightly inflated, in preserved specimens flattened and extending upwards on cheek. Cheek very narrow, suborbital depth less than upper lip width. Each side at front of upper jaw with outer row of 4���5 large recurved caniniform teeth, followed by irregularly scattered band of small conical inner teeth. Side of jaw with a single lateral row of about 10 medium-sized caniniform teeth. Sides of front of lower jaw with outer row of 4���5 large caniniform teeth, followed by irregularly scattered band of small conical median teeth and inner row of 5���6 large widely-spaced caniniform teeth. Single row of about ten mediumsized caniniform teeth continuous laterally on side of jaw. Small mental frenum midventrally behind lower lip. Branchiostegal membranes fused from isthmus to below pectoral-fin base, gill openings restricted to pectoral-fin base. Most of lower limb of first gill arch joined to gill cover by membrane. No spines on preopercle. Fins. First dorsal fin with VI spines, second dorsal fin I,12; anal fin I,11; branched caudal-fin rays 15, segmented 17 (16:1, 17:3). Pectoral-fin rays left 16 and right cut (15:4, 16:2, right side cut in two paratypes), all rays branched, not free at tips. Pectoral girdle without flaps on anterior edge. Pelvic fins I,5+5,I, left and right fin completely separated, distant and without frenum (Fig. 2B). Pelvic-fin rays branched, except fifth ray, fourth ray the longest, rays progressively shorter towards the first ray and pelvic spine. Spines of first dorsal fin not elongate or filamentous, first to fifth spine of first dorsal fin about equal in length, third always slightly longer than others, sixth spine short; fourth or fifth to sixth spine of first dorsal fin barely reaching origin of second dorsal fin when folded down. Origin of first dorsal fin behind vertical at pectoral-fin base. Origin of anal fin posterior to vertical at origin of second dorsal fin, i.e. opposite about first segmented ray of second dorsal fin. Pectoral fins not reaching posteriorly to below origin of second dorsal fin or just reaching to vertical at the second dorsal-fin spine. Pelvic fins short, ending well in front of anus in both sexes, 0.6 (0.6���0.7) of distance between origin of fins and anus, shorter than pectoral fins, 0.9 (0.9) of pectoral-fin length. Caudal fin rounded, shorter than head, 1.3 (1.3���1.4) in head length. Squamation. Head and body naked except for several ctenoid scales on caudal peduncle at caudal-fin base: four to eight scales ventrally on lateral side and one scale on the dorsal lateral side, most specimens with one more scale midlaterally (Fig. 2C). Cephalic sensory systems (Figs. 2D & 3). Head with anterior oculoscapular canal and preopercular canal with pores ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, and ��, ε respectively. Pores in anterior oculoscapular canal with erected rim, nearly short tubes in some specimens (e.g. holotype) (Fig. 2D). Pore �� distant from eye, pore �� positioned quite dorsally close to the level of pore ��, pore �� absent. Posterior oculoscapular canal absent. Rows of head sensory papillae counted on all types, at least one side was in sufficient condition to count (holotype with better right side used for Fig. 3). Preorbital rows: snout with four median preorbital series, upper row r (1���2) middorsally between eyes above pore �� and posterior nostrils, row s 1 (1) at posterior nostril, row s 2 (1) below posterior nostril and row s 3 (2���3) above upper lip (rows s 1 and s 2 on Fig. 3 hidden by nostrils and tentacles). Lateral series c on snout in four parts, superior rows: upper row c 2 (2) between anterior and posterior nostrils, lower row c 1 (2���3) at anterior nostril; inferior rows: upper horizontal c 2 (3) anteriorly, and lower horizontal c 1 (1���2) posteriorly above upper lip. Suborbital rows: row a absent; row b short, behind vertical of posterior edge of eye and anteriorly close to suborbital row 4; five transverse suborbital rows of sensory papillae (1���5) present, row 1 oblique, reaching upper lip, rows 2 and 3 short and distant from eye, close to row d, row 4 long, curved, from posterior edge of eye slanting to posterior end of row d or slightly below it, row 5 close to pore �� (1: 6���9, 2: 4���5, 3: 5���7, 4: 13���19, 5: 4); row d (6+10 ��� 7+13) long, above posterior part of upper lip, and continuing on lower cheek to meet suborbital row 4. Preoperculo-mandibular rows: external row e (14+10 ��� 18+18) longitudinal and uniserial, divided into anterior and posterior sections; internal row i (7+8 ��� 10+8) longitudinal and uniserial, divided into anterior and posterior sections, mental row f (4) behind frenum. Oculoscapular rows: three larger papillae longitudinally arranged on position of missing posterior oculoscapular canal above opercle, marked poc. Anterior longitudinal row x 1 (3+1 ��� 4+3) above level and behind pore ��, divided in two parts, posterior longitudinal row x 2 (3) above posterior opercular edge, transverse row z (7���10) below and anterior to pore ��, row y (1) below and behind row x 2 . Transverse axillary rows as 1 (3) and as 2 (2���3) and as 3 (1���2) present, row la 1 (2) above between rows as 1 and as 2 not visible in all specimens and la 2 not present (row as 3 on Fig. 3 hidden by pectoral fin). Opercular rows: single papilla at location of missing pore ��, marked pc. Transverse row ot (11���13); superior longitudinal row os (4���5); and inferior longitudinal row oi (3) not visible in every specimen. Anterior dorsal rows: transverse row n (3���4) behind pore ��, rows o and m absent; row g longitudinal (6���8); row h (3���5) in front of the first dorsal-fin base. Osteology. There are 10 precaudal vertebrae and 17 caudal vertebrae. The dorsal-fin pterygiophore pattern is 3-22110. Color of fresh and live female (Fig. 4A, holotype, SMF 39500; Fig. 5A & B, SMF 39501). Body in life transparent, with numerous yellow-brown or brown dots, a series of six or seven short, double, saddle-like dark brown marks along back, four series of 2���5 irregular iridescent white marks alternating with dark brown dashes along vertebral column, and five series of reflected white spots ventrally on body visible in alive specimens, the first series as 4���5 spots on abdomen, the last, fifth series as 1���2 very small spots above posterior part of anal fin; two obscure dusky blotches on abdomen, first beneath the pectoral fin, the second just behind it. An obvious nearly rounded dark blue to blackish spot as large as pupil above opercle over posterior opercular edge at the level of the pupil is most striking coloration pattern. Head brown, darker anteriorly, with a large oblique, irregular, white blotch on postorbital head and most of cheek, with ventroposterior extension ending at lower edge of preopercle; behind large blotch several smaller whitish spots of various size and shape present over preopercle and opercle and on nape and predorsal area, and a small white spot at angle of jaws; head covered with dark brown to blackish dots, becoming black and more dense on cheek and preopercle. First dorsal fin with two brown oblique bands, one in outer part, another short in the middle of fin from first to fourth spine, with white rectangular mark at base of first two spines and oblique white band between two brown bands, tips from fourth to sixth spines white. The second dorsal fin with transparent membranes and greenish brown spine and rays, with white dots on rays forming three irregular oblique rows. Anal fin mostly transparent with widely scattered small melanophores, mostly at base. Caudal fin transparent, with greenish rays, clearly visible in freshly dead specimens, and melanophores mostly at the fin base. Pectoral-fin base within a large white blotch, extending on base of fin except between sixth to eighth rays, rest of fin transparent, yellow in freshly dead specimens. Pelvic fins dark brown, densely dotted with melanophores. The overall live surface coloration pattern is retained in freshly dead specimens, with white marks on body less obvious and brown dotted coloration more obvious than in live specimens. Iris mottled brown with four faint radiating orange-red bars, pupil green-black. Body opaque white, with scattered melanophores concentrated in six double, short, brown bars along dorsal-fin bases, two below the first dorsal fin and four below the second dorsal fin. Color of live male ( Fig. 5C, paratype, SMF 39503, Fig. 5D). Material is limited, hence sexual dichromatism cannot be confirmed. Based on photograph of a male (Fig. 5C), head is not darker anteriorly than rest of the head as in the female, black spot above posterior edge of opercle is faint, a single white blotch on abdomen (vs. series of clusters of reflected white spots ventrally on body in females), and two dark bands on first dorsal fin are indistinct. Color of preserved specimens (Fig. 4B): Coloration lost in preservation, body yellowish white, with dark brown dots from melanophores. No sexual dichromatism observed. Head dotted brown. Ventral side and mouth darker than rest of head. Large oblique irregular whitish marking behind and below eye. Smaller whitish spots of various size and shape on head opercle, preopercle, dorsal and ventral side, not prominent, formed by less dense pattern of melanophores compared to darker parts. Eye with dark iris and white pupil. Body with scattered melanophores more concentrated in dorsal part, six marks along both dorsal-fin bases and ill-defined marks along lateral midline recognizable in some specimens. Intensive dark brown rounded mark above posterior opercular edge and pectoral fin is most conspicuous coloration pattern. Breast brown with many melanophores, rest of ventral side of body with more broadly spaced melanophores. First dorsal fin with two dark oblique bands, one in upper part, one in the middle of fin, alternating with whitish mark at anterior corner of fin base and oblique white band between two brown bands. Second dorsal fin marbled with dark and white spots. Anal fin transparent with rarely scattered small melanophores mostly at base. Caudal fin transparent, with melanophores at the fin base. Pectoral fins with few scattered melanophores, the rest of fin transparent. Pelvic fins dark dotted with melanophores. Etymology. The specific name nasoramosa is formed from the combination of two Latin words naso (nose), and ramosa (branched) in reference to the well-developed, branched process extending from the rim of the anterior and posterior nostril, respectively. Habitat and Distribution. Specimens of H. nasoramosa were collected on rubble-sand patches in sandy areas and in areas with mixed corals and stones or rocks at several localities from the north-eastern part of the Socotra Island. The holotype and paratypes were found living inside small holes in moderately large pieces of coral rock covered with short algae at depths of 8���11 m. The species has not yet been recognized from elsewhere and appears to be endemic to the Socotra Archipelago. Remarks. Based on the molecular phylogeny and several diagnostic morphological characters (see Generic identification above), the new species was assigned to Hetereleotris. It is unique though among Hetereleotris species in having a simple tentacle or slender flap extending from the anterior nostril and anterior and posterior tentacles extending from the posterior nostril, and by having five suborbital transverse papillae rows. An obvious large (as large as pupil), dark spot above the opercle is shared only with H. bipunctata Tortonese, 1976 and H. margaretae Hoese, 1986. However, both latter species have coloration patterns distinguishing them from the new species. Among twenty Hetereleotris species presently recognized, only the new species and H. tentaculata (Smith, 1958) share forward-set elevated eyes, a very short snout, and the posterior angle of the jaws behind vertical through the posterior edge of eye. The combination of head canals and pores seen in the new species is present otherwise only in H. caminata (Smith, 1958), H. tentaculata and H. vulgaris. The ctenoid scales, restricted to caudal peduncle only as a ventral patch and one or two individual scales dorsally, was reported among Hetereleotris species only in some specimens of H. tentaculata by Hoese (1986), in which it is variably present. The extreme reduction to a few scales is also present in H. aurantiaca Kovačić & Bogorodsky, 2019, but with a different pattern. All other Hetereleotris species are more extensively scaled, at least on the caudal peduncle, or the body is completely scaleless. Hetereleotris nasoramosa is morphologically most similar to H. tentaculata, sharing the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays VI+I,12, anal fin rays I+I,11, presence of some kind of tentacles on the head, eyes forward-set and elevated, a very short snout, posterior angle of jaws behind vertical through posterior edge of eye, scales restricted to caudal peduncle in a similar pattern (at least in some H. tentaculata specimens), and the same pattern of head canals and pores. However, H. tentaculata has a tentacle over the eye, no tentacles on the nostrils and a different coloration, e.g. presence of a dark bar below first dorsal fin and absence of a dark humeral spot. The putatively close relationship of these two species based on morphology should be confirmed once H. tentaculata material is available for molecular analysis. Cerogobius petrophilus was described in its own genus based on the presumed distinctive presence of a single tentacle on the snout midline between nostrils, with no other tentacles on the head. Compared to the new species, C. petrophilus is scaleless, with head canals and pores absent, with four suborbital transverse papillae rows and a different coloration (see Kovačić et al. 2019b). Its generic assignment is pending further investigation, as elaborated below., Published as part of Kova��i��, Marcelo, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Zajonz, Uwe & Tornabene, Luke, 2021, A new species of Hetereleotris (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Socotra Archipelago (north-western Indian Ocean), a rare case of a hole-associated adaptation in gobiid fishes, pp. 284-300 in Zootaxa 4996 (2) on pages 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5069879, {"references":["Agorreta, A., San Mauro, D., Schliewen, U., Van Tassell, J. L., Kovacic, M., Zardoya, R. & Ruber, L. (2013) Molecular phy- logenetics of Gobioidei and phylogenetic placement of European gobies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 619 - 633. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.07.017","Tortonese, E. (1976) Gobioid fishes from the Gulf of Aden. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, New Series, Supplement 7 (4), 187 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03749444.1976.10736826","Hoese, D. F. (1986) Descriptions of two new species of Hetereleotris (Pisces: Gobiidae) from the western Indian Ocean, with discussion of related species. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Special Publication, 41, 1 - 25.","Smith, J. L. B. (1958) The fishes of the family Eleotridae in the western Indian Ocean. Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, 11, 137 - 163.","Kovacic, M., Bogorodsky, S. V., Troyer, E. M. & Tornabene, L. (2019 b) Cerogobius petrophilus (Perciformes: Gobiidae), a new gobiid genus and species from the Red Sea. Zootaxa, 4565 (2), 171 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4565.2.2"]}

Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ERAT) is common after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and has been associated with an increased risk of late atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence.The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and outcomes of patients experiencing ERAT after PVI using advanced-generation ablation technologies.This is a prespecified substudy of the CIRCA-DOSE (Cryoballoon vs Irrigated Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: Double-Short vs Standard Exposure Duration) trial, a prospective, randomized, multicenter study comparing PVI with contact force-guided radiofrequency ablation to secondary-generation cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal AF. All study patients received an implantable cardiac monitor to allow continuous rhythm monitoring. ERAT was defined as any recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia within the first 90 days after AF ablation.ERAT occurred in 61% of the 346 patients at a median of 12 days (range 1-90 days) after ablation. ERAF was a significant predictor of late recurrence (60.1% with ER vs 25.9% without ER; P.001) and symptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmia (31.6% with ERAF vs 6.7% without ERAF; P.001). Receiver operating curve analyses revealed a strong correlation between ERAT timing and burden and late recurrence. Multivariate analysis identified ER timing (hazard ratio [HR] 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-5.95; P = .004) and burden (HR 1.05 per 1% ER burden; 95% CI 1.04-1.07; P.001) as strong independent predictors of late recurrence. Incidence rate, timing, burden, and prognostic significance of ER did not differ between the study groups.ERAT remains common after PVI despite use of advanced-generation ablation technologies. Early AF recurrence beyond 3 weeks after ablation is associated with increased risk of late recurrence.

This paper describes a novel design of monopulse array antenna with open-end rectangular waveguide structures at K-band. The double short-circuit block structure of open-end waveguide is a miniaturized vertical structure which used as the radiator element, and overcomes the disadvantages of traditional waveguide slot antenna such as high machining precision requirement. In addition, the partition technology used to widen relative bandwidth (VSWR

A novel conjugated polymer PProDOT(MeEO)2 based on dioxythiophene with symmetric double ethoxymethyl pendant groups was successfully synthesized through electrochemical polymerization. The polymer film exhibits reversible electrochromism switching between broadly absorbing bluish black neutral state (− 0.1 V) and transmissive sky blue oxidized state (0.7 V). The symmetric double short-chain ethoxymethyl substitution pattern was utilized to realize the broadly absorbing bluish black neutral state of the polymer film. The electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and electrochromic switching properties of the polymer film were studied in detail.

A novel conjugated polymer PProDOTCBDEM based on propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) with diethyl malonate (DEM) pendant group and a cyclobutane spacer between ProDOT and DEM was successfully synthesized through electrochemical polymerization. The polymer film exhibits reversible electrochromism switching between navy neutral state (− 0.1 V) and transmissive oxidized state (0.7 V). The symmetric double short chain ester substitution pattern was utilized to realize the navy color of the polymer film. The electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic switching properties of the polymer film were studied in detail.

Heterocerus havai nov.sp. T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype ♂: " ZAMBIA 529m Nkwali, S. Luangwa GMA S13��07��03����; E31��44��16���� 10-18.xi. [20]12 Actinic Light leg. Smith, R & Takano, H" // " NHMUK 013317339 " [RQ code] // " BMNH (E) 2015-19 " // " HOLOTYPE Heterocerus havai SKALICK�� det. Skalick�� 2019" [red label] NHML. Paratype ♂: the same data as holotype only, second label: " NHMUK 013317340 " [RQ code], determinate label is: " PARATYPE Heterocerus havai SKALICK�� det. Skalick�� 2019" [red label] CSU. D e s c r i p t i o n: Holotype ♂: Total length 3.65 mm (measured from labral apex); elytra 2.65 mm long, 1.40 mm wide across their lateral margin. Ground colour pale brown, elytra and pronotum with black to brown pattern as in Fig. 1, labrum, head and scuttelum black, protibiae darker laterally. Ventral surface brown. Visible part of labrum (Fig. 3) wider than long (ratio 1.25: 1), triangular, lateral angles rounded, anterior angles truncate, softly serrate in median portion, surface of labrum finely granular, with dense short yellowish setae. Mandibles (Fig. 3) somewhat curved, bluntly dentate, dorsal subapical tooth imperceptible, rounded, dorsal process of dental lobe short, provided with a simple spike and a pronounced sharp lateral horn. Prostheca with fine teeth on dental lobe, without a prosthecal notch. Antennae 11-segmented, with a 7-segmented club, scape triangular, pedicel oval, antennomeres 1 and 2 with sparse, long erect setae. Clypeus (Fig. 3) with a pair of relatively long and set far apart anterior horns. Anterior margin of clypeus shallowly emarginate, with dense, short, yellowish setae intermixed with long erect ones. Head finely granular, setae sparse, short, intermixed with long erect setae above eyes. Pronotum oval, wider than long (ratio 1.65: 1), as wide as base of elytra, pronotal base completely rimmed; lateral margins serrated; anterior margin with depressions under the eyes. Surface of pronotum very finely granulated without intermixed longer punctures; setae sparse, short, yellowish. Scutellum pointed, triangular, about 1.5 times longer that wide, anterior margin convex. Elytra with distinctive longitudinal furrows with scutellar depressions and well-developed humeral depressions extending obliquely towards suture reaching midlength of elytron. Lateral margin and base of elytra coarse and distinctly dentate, teeth most pronounced around the shoulders (Fig. 2). Surface of elytra microgranular, with intermixed punctures approximately twice large as eye facets. Setae on elytra yellowish, double, short adjacent and sparse long semierected. Epipleural ridges absent. Ventral surface sparsely setose. Metaventrite with postmesocoxal ridge. Mesoventrite with three short, square and blunt spines in front of each mesocoxa. Protibia with 8 stout spines along its lateral margin and two spines at its inner apical angle, meso- and metatibia with an uncertain number of thin waeak spines (in paratype mesotibiae with 7 and metatibia with 8 weak spines). Tibiae with dense, long setae. Post-metacoxal line incomplete. Stridulatory arch marked, with poor visible of striae. Spiculum gastrale 0.70 mm long, V-shaped as in Fig. 4, arms firmly connected apically. Aedeagus 0.80 mm long, well sclerotized, shape as in Figs 5-8. Parameres long, firmly connected to phallobasis; supporting sheath border posteriorly. Penis without processus accessorius, without internal sac. Female: unknown. D i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g n o s i s: Due to the shape of the aedeagus (Parameres firmly connected with phallobasis; penis simple without processus accessorius and inter- nal sac) H. havai nov.sp. belongs to the bredoi group sensu CHARPENTIER (1965). This group contained nine previously described taxa in Ethiopian region: H. abyssinicus MAMITZA, 1930 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia), H. bredoi MAMITZA, 1931 (Botswana, Chat, Congo, Namibia, Zaire), H. denticulatus MAMITZA, 1930 (Benin, Congo, Nigeria, Zaire), H. fairmairei GROUVELLE, 1906 (Madagascar), H. meridionalis P��RINGUEY, 1892 (South Africa), H. pavliceki SKALICK��, 1999 (Namibia), H. peringueyi GROUVELLE, 1919 (South Africa), H. sennarensis GROUVELLE, 1909 (Mali, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia) and H. snizeki SKALICK��, 1996 (Kenya, Tanzania) (MASCAGNI & MONTE (2001, 2002, 2003a, 2003b, 2005), SKALICK�� (1996, 1999)). The morphology of male genitalia and spiculum gastrale of H. havai nov.sp. differs from all above mentioned species, the most similar species with respect to external characters being H. meridionalis (mandible with pronounced sharp lateral horn), It differs from the abovementioned species in the elytral pattern, absence of dentate of shoulders and lateral margins of pronotum and distribution. Two species: H. denticulatus and H. sennarensis have dentate of shoulders, but not dentate lateral margins of pronotum as H. havai nov.sp. (see Figs 15,16, 40, 47, 71, 72, 73, 114, 116 and 117 in CHARPENTIER (1965) and Figs 1-8 in this paper). E t y m o l o g y: The new species is named after my friend, Czech coleopterologist (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Jiř�� H��va (��nětice u Prahy, Czech Republic)., Published as part of Skalick��, Stanislav, 2019, New species of Heteroceridae from Kenya and Zambia (Insecta, Coleoptera), pp. 1421-1428 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 51 (2) on pages 1422-1423, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3745504, {"references":["CHARPENTIER R. (1965): A monograph of the family Heteroceridae (Coleoptera) of the Ethiopian Region. - South Afr. Anim. Life 11: 214 - 343.","SKALICKY S. (1999): New species of Heteroceridae from Thailand and Namibia (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae). - Koleopterologische Rundschau 69: 119 - 123.","SKALICKY S. (1996): A new species of Heterocerus from Tanzania (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae). - Klapalekiana 32: 237 - 239."]}

Heterocerus havai nov.sp. T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype ♂: " ZAMBIA 529m Nkwali, S. Luangwa GMA S13°07´03´´; E31°44´16´´ 10-18.xi. [20]12 Actinic Light leg. Smith, R & Takano, H" // " NHMUK 013317339 " [RQ code] // " BMNH (E) 2015-19 " // " HOLOTYPE Heterocerus havai SKALICKÝ det. Skalický 2019" [red label] NHML. Paratype ♂: the same data as holotype only, second label: " NHMUK 013317340 " [RQ code], determinate label is: " PARATYPE Heterocerus havai SKALICKÝ det. Skalický 2019" [red label] CSU. D e s c r i p t i o n: Holotype ♂: Total length 3.65 mm (measured from labral apex); elytra 2.65 mm long, 1.40 mm wide across their lateral margin. Ground colour pale brown, elytra and pronotum with black to brown pattern as in Fig. 1, labrum, head and scuttelum black, protibiae darker laterally. Ventral surface brown. Visible part of labrum (Fig. 3) wider than long (ratio 1.25: 1), triangular, lateral angles rounded, anterior angles truncate, softly serrate in median portion, surface of labrum finely granular, with dense short yellowish setae. Mandibles (Fig. 3) somewhat curved, bluntly dentate, dorsal subapical tooth imperceptible, rounded, dorsal process of dental lobe short, provided with a simple spike and a pronounced sharp lateral horn. Prostheca with fine teeth on dental lobe, without a prosthecal notch. Antennae 11-segmented, with a 7-segmented club, scape triangular, pedicel oval, antennomeres 1 and 2 with sparse, long erect setae. Clypeus (Fig. 3) with a pair of relatively long and set far apart anterior horns. Anterior margin of clypeus shallowly emarginate, with dense, short, yellowish setae intermixed with long erect ones. Head finely granular, setae sparse, short, intermixed with long erect setae above eyes. Pronotum oval, wider than long (ratio 1.65: 1), as wide as base of elytra, pronotal base completely rimmed; lateral margins serrated; anterior margin with depressions under the eyes. Surface of pronotum very finely granulated without intermixed longer punctures; setae sparse, short, yellowish. Scutellum pointed, triangular, about 1.5 times longer that wide, anterior margin convex. Elytra with distinctive longitudinal furrows with scutellar depressions and well-developed humeral depressions extending obliquely towards suture reaching midlength of elytron. Lateral margin and base of elytra coarse and distinctly dentate, teeth most pronounced around the shoulders (Fig. 2). Surface of elytra microgranular, with intermixed punctures approximately twice large as eye facets. Setae on elytra yellowish, double, short adjacent and sparse long semierected. Epipleural ridges absent. Ventral surface sparsely setose. Metaventrite with postmesocoxal ridge. Mesoventrite with three short, square and blunt spines in front of each mesocoxa. Protibia with 8 stout spines along its lateral margin and two spines at its inner apical angle, meso- and metatibia with an uncertain number of thin waeak spines (in paratype mesotibiae with 7 and metatibia with 8 weak spines). Tibiae with dense, long setae. Post-metacoxal line incomplete. Stridulatory arch marked, with poor visible of striae. Spiculum gastrale 0.70 mm long, V-shaped as in Fig. 4, arms firmly connected apically. Aedeagus 0.80 mm long, well sclerotized, shape as in Figs 5-8. Parameres long, firmly connected to phallobasis; supporting sheath border posteriorly. Penis without processus accessorius, without internal sac. Female: unknown. D i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g n o s i s: Due to the shape of the aedeagus (Parameres firmly connected with phallobasis; penis simple without processus accessorius and inter- nal sac) H. havai nov.sp. belongs to the bredoi group sensu CHARPENTIER (1965). This group contained nine previously described taxa in Ethiopian region: H. abyssinicus MAMITZA, 1930 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia), H. bredoi MAMITZA, 1931 (Botswana, Chat, Congo, Namibia, Zaire), H. denticulatus MAMITZA, 1930 (Benin, Congo, Nigeria, Zaire), H. fairmairei GROUVELLE, 1906 (Madagascar), H. meridionalis PÉRINGUEY, 1892 (South Africa), H. pavliceki SKALICKÝ, 1999 (Namibia), H. peringueyi GROUVELLE, 1919 (South Africa), H. sennarensis GROUVELLE, 1909 (Mali, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia) and H. snizeki SKALICKÝ, 1996 (Kenya, Tanzania) (MASCAGNI & MONTE (2001, 2002, 2003a, 2003b, 2005), SKALICKÝ (1996, 1999)). The morphology of male genitalia and spiculum gastrale of H. havai nov.sp. differs from all above mentioned species, the most similar species with respect to external characters being H. meridionalis (mandible with pronounced sharp lateral horn), It differs from the abovementioned species in the elytral pattern, absence of dentate of shoulders and lateral margins of pronotum and distribution. Two species: H. denticulatus and H. sennarensis have dentate of shoulders, but not dentate lateral margins of pronotum as H. havai nov.sp. (see Figs 15,16, 40, 47, 71, 72, 73, 114, 116 and 117 in CHARPENTIER (1965) and Figs 1-8 in this paper). E t y m o l o g y: The new species is named after my friend, Czech coleopterologist (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Jiří Háva (Únětice u Prahy, Czech Republic).

Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is technically challenging in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) anatomy, which is increasing in frequency given the rise of obesity. Laparoscopy-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP) and enteroscopy-assisted ERCP (EA-ERCP) are distinct approaches with their respective strengths and weaknesses. We conducted a meta-analysis comparing the procedural time, rates of success and adverse events of each method. Patients and methods A search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library was performed from inception to October 2018 for studies reporting outcomes of LA or EA-ERCP in patients with RYGB anatomy. Studies using single, double, ‘short’ double-balloon or spiral enteroscopy were included in the EA-ERCP arm. Outcomes of interest included procedural time, papilla identification, papilla cannulation, therapeutic success and adverse events. Therapeutic success was defined as successful completion of the originally intended diagnostic or therapeutic indication for ERCP. Results A total of 3859 studies were initially identified using our search strategy, of which 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled rate of therapeutic success was significantly higher in LA-ERCP (97.9 %; 95 % CI: 96.7–98.7 %) with little heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0 %) when compared to EA-ERCP (73.2 %; 95 % CI: 62.5–82.6 %) with significant heterogeneity (I2: 80.2 %). Conversely, the pooled rate of adverse events was significantly higher in LA-ERCP (19.0 %; 95 % CI: 12.6–26.4 %) when compared to EA-ERCP (6.5 %; 95% CI: 3.9–9.6 %). The pooled mean procedure time for LA-ERCP was 158.4 minutes (SD ± 20) which was also higher than the mean pooled procedure time for EA-ERCP at 100.5 minutes (SD ± 19.2). Conclusions LA-ERCP is significantly more effective than EA-ERCP in patients with RYGB but is associated with a higher rate of adverse events and longer procedural time.

Key Points Question What is the association between preablation atrial fibrillation (AF) episode duration and arrhythmia recurrence outcomes following AF ablation? Findings In this prespecified subanalysis of a randomized clinical trial of 346 patients with symptomatic AF undergoing catheter ablation, patients with AF episodes limited to less than 24 continuous hours had a significantly lower rate of recurrence following an ablation procedure. Arrhythmia recurrence and AF burden after ablation did not differ between patients with persistent AF (episodes lasting >7 days) and those with paroxysmal AF (episodes lasting 24 to 48 hours or 2 to 7 days). Meaning The findings of this study suggest that the contemporary definition of paroxysmal AF does not reflect post-AF ablation arrhythmia outcomes., This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates the association of baseline atrial fibrillation episode duration with post–atrial fibrillation ablation arrhythmia outcomes., Importance Contemporary guidelines recommend that atrial fibrillation (AF) be classified based on episode duration, with these categories forming the basis of therapeutic recommendations. While pragmatic, these classifications are not based on pathophysiologic processes and may not reflect clinical outcomes. Objective To evaluate the association of baseline AF episode duration with post-AF ablation arrhythmia outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants The current study is a secondary analysis of a prospective, parallel-group, multicenter, single-masked randomized clinical trial (the Cryoballoon vs Irrigated Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: Double Short vs Standard Exposure Duration [CIRCA-DOSE] study), which took place at 8 Canadian centers. Between September 2014 and July 2017, 346 patients older than 18 years with symptomatic AF referred for first catheter ablation were enrolled. All patients received an implantable cardiac monitor at least 30 days before ablation. Data analysis was performed in September 2019. Exposure Before ablation, patients were classified based on their longest AF episode. Ablation consisted of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation using standard techniques. Main Outcomes and Measures Time to first recurrence of symptomatic or asymptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmia (AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia) following ablation and AF burden (percentage of time in AF) on preablation and postablation continuous rhythm monitoring. Results The study included 346 patients (mean [SD] age, 59 [10] years; 231 [67.7%] men). Overall, 263 patients (76.0%) had AF episode duration of less than 24 hours; 25 (7.2%), 24 to 48 hours; 40 (11.7%), 2 to 7 days; and 18 (5.2%), more than 7 days. Documented recurrence of any atrial tachyarrhythmia following ablation was significantly lower in patients with baseline AF episode duration of less than 24 continuous hours compared with those with longer AF episodes (24 hours vs 24-48 hours: hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.80; P = .009; 24 hours vs 2-7 days: HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.14-0.45; P 7 days: HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09-0.55; P

Two novel phenothiazine dyes bearing a single or double cyanoacrylic acid acceptors, which share the same electron donor phenothiazine and the same 4-phenyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)thiazole π-bridge, were synthesized. Thus, phenothiazine dyes with D-π-A and A-D-π-A framework were configured, and their photophysical properties and photovoltaic performance were investigated. The incorporation of another cyanoacrylic acid acceptor was found to benefit the loading amount on TiO2, the light-harvesting ability, and the electron-injection efficiency. Dye with double cyanoacrylic acid acceptors showed a double short-circuit current compared with dye with a single acceptor. Therefore, dye with double cyanoacrylic acid acceptors achieved improved photoelectric conversion efficiency 4.35% (JSC = 10.29 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.65 V, FF = 0.65) under standard global AM 1.5 G solar condition with dye N719 (7.19%) as a reference.

Hesione splendida Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Figs 52-54) Hesione splendida Savigny in Lamarck, 1818: 316. ��� Savigny 1822: 40, pl. 3, fig 3.1-3.7. ��� de Blainville 1825: 443; 1828: 482; 1830, pl. 17, fig. 1 (copied from Savigny). ��� Audouin & Milne-Edwards 1833: pl. 15, figs 1-3. ��� de Quatrefages 1866: 95-96. ��� Day 1967: 228, fig. 11.2A-C. ��� Sol��s-Weiss et al. 2004: S5. Hesione ehlersi Gravier, 1900: 175-179, figs 42-45, pl. 9, figs 14, 15. ��� Wehe & Fiege 2002: 57 (n. syn.). ��� Sol��s-Weiss et al. 2004: S5. Hesione pantherina ��� Fauvel 1918: 332, 333; 1927: 417. ��� McIntosh 1924: 15, 16; 1925: 40-41, pl. 5, fig. 4 (upside down). ��� Day 1951: 21 (non Risso 1826). Hesione reticulata ��� Stagl et al. 1996: 34, table 2 (non von Marenzeller, 1879). TYPE MATERIAL. ��� Western Indian Ocean, Red Sea. Lectotype of Hesione splendida, MNHN-IA-TYPE0140, designated herein, originally collected in the Suez Gulf, M. Botta coll., no further data. Paralectotype of H. splendida, MNHN-IA-TYPE0139, smashed down (probably by labels), partially dehydrated, ��le-de-France (Mauritius), M. Mathieu coll. [55 mm long, 6 mm wide, 15 chaetigers; pharynx exposed, posterior end lost; no other morphological feature can be noticed (right parapodium of chaetiger 8 removed) acicula black, thick, single; acicular lobe single, blunt; neurochaetae about 40 per bundle, neurochaetal blades mostly lost, remaining ones bidentate, subdistal tooth minute, guard approaching subdistal tooth]. Syntypes of Hesione ehlersi, MNHN 287, Djibouti, 1897, H. Couti��re, coll. [used for Redescription]. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL. ��� Red Sea. 1 specimen, BMNH 1926.11.12.10, Cambridge Suez Canal Expedition, Suez, Sta. T 8, 9.XII.1924, no further data [21 mm long, 4 mm wide; body straight, medially wider, integument smooth, colorless; antennae digitate, 2-3 times as long as wide; right parapodium of chaetiger 8 removed for observation (kept in vial); acicular lobe single, tapered; neurochaetae most broken, blades bidentate, subdistal tooth smaller than distal one; guards broken, approaching subdistal tooth]. ��� 2 specimens, BMNH 1926.11.12.11/12, Cambridge Suez Canal Expedition, Suez, Sta. T 8, 4.XII.1924, no further data [one distorted by compression, the other straight; straight one 30 mm long, 6 mm wide; both medially wider, integument smooth, colorless; antennae digitate, 2-3 times as long as wide; acicular lobe single, tapered; neurochaetae with blades bidentate, subdistal tooth smaller than distal one; guards, if entire, approaching distal tooth]. ��� 1 specimen, BMNH 1926.11.12.14, Cambridge Suez Canal Expedition, Suez, Sta. K 9, 25.X.1924, no further data [29 mm long, 4.5 mm wide; bent dorsally, medially wider, integument smooth, colorless; antennae digitate, 2-3 times as long as wide; acicular lobe single, tapered; neurochaetae most without blades; pharynx exposed, dorsal papilla minute, slightly as wide as long]. ��� 1 specimen, BMNH 1926.11.12.15, Cambridge Suez Canal Expedition, Suez, Sta. El Ferdane, 27.X.1924, no further data [22 mm long, 5 mm wide; medially wider, integument smooth, colorless; antennae digitate, 2-3 times as long as wide; right posterior eye duplicated, almost fused to anterior right eye; several chaetal lobes invaginated; acicular lobe single, tapered; neurochaetae complete, blades bidentate]. ��� 1 specimen, BMNH 1926.11.12.17, Cambridge Suez Canal Expedition, Suez, Sta. P 1, 13.XII.1924, no further data [21 mm long, 4 mm wide; body depressed, medially wider, integument smooth, colorless; antennae digitate, 2-3 times as long as wide; all chaetal lobes exposed; acicular lobe single, tapered, if fully extended, about as 1/10 as long as neurochaetae]. ��� 1 specimen, BMNH 1926.11.12.18, Cambridge Suez Canal Expedition, Suez, Sta. T 9, dredge, 6.XII.1924, no further data [20 mm long, 2.5 mm wide; body slightly bent dorsally, integument smooth, annulated, colorless; antennae digitate, 2 times as long as wide; anterior eyes obliquely as long as wide; chaetal lobes variably invaginated; acicular lobe single, tapered; pharynx exposed, apillae small, as long as wide]. ��� 2 specimens, MNHN-IA-PNT 91t (formerly jar 70), Djibouti Bay, in Ircinia cavities, with amphinomids, eunicids and nereidids, 13.I.1904, C. Gravier coll. [27-31 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; body pearly gray, with tiny black spots irregularly distributed along body; body slightly distorted, one with pharynx fully exposed, dorsal papilla round, as long as wide; neuraciculae tapered; acicular lobe single, tapered or blunt]. ��� 1 specimen, MNHN-IA-PNT107 (formerly jar 419), Ayna Massa, Gulf of Suez, no further data [52 mm long, 6.5 mm wide (right parapodia of chaetigers 7 and 16 removed for observation, kept in vial); integument rugose, shiny; antennae tapered, 2-3 times as long as wide; eyes rounded, anterior ones darker, slightly larger than posterior ones; pharynx exposed, dorsal papilla slightly as wide as long; acicular lobe single, digitate; neurochaetae about 30 per bundle, neurochaetal blades bidentate, subdistal tooth smaller, guard approaching distal tooth]. ��� 1 specimen, MNHW unnumb., Ehrenberg coll. [28 mm long, 4 mm wide; macerated but integument still shiny, smooth; pharynx fully everted with three muscular rings; eyes colorless, visible after short-term staining with methyl-green; antennae short, only right one left, digitate, 2.0-2.5 times as long as wide, tip broken; neuraciculae black, tapered; acicular lobe single; neurochaetal blades transparent, body]. ��� 2 specimens, NHMW 575, Pola Red Sea Expedition 1895-1898, no further data [20-30 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; partially dried out; one pale brown, the other grayish, both with pharynx exposed; integument shiny; antennae shorter than posterior eyes diameter; antennae minute, digitate, about twice as long as wide, difficult to be seen because of pharyngeal folds; parapodia with neuraciculae blackish, tapered, single; acicular lobe single; most neurochatal blades lost]. ��� 7 specimens, ZMB 534, and one slide, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Janub Sina���, El Tor, Ehrenberg coll. [27-33 mm long, 4.0- 5.5 mm wide; specimens probably collected in different dates because they differ in their condition; one is too macerated, whereas two others are in much better condition; four paler, two other darker; body antennae digitate, often eroded, as long as interocular distance; anterior eyes about twice as large as posterior ones; neuraciculae thick, blackish, tapered; acicular lobe single; neurochaetal blades bidentate, most broken, guards, if complete, approaching distal tooth]. ��� 5 specimens, ZMB 535, and one slide (535a), Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Janub Sina���, El Tor, Ehrenberg coll. [30-46 mm long, 4-7 mm wide; variably macerated, one whitish, three grayish, one brownish with scattered white spots like bacteria or fungi growing on it; parapodial lobes invaginated, neuraciculae blackish, thick, tapered; acicular lobes single, tapered; neurochaetal blades bidentate, guards, if complete, approaching distal tooth]. ��� 1 specimen, ZMB 3805, and one slide made by Dr Bergmann, no further data [57 mm long, 6 mm wide; dissected throughout the body to study inner organs; prostomium removed; acicular lobe double, short, rounded, upper tine about twice as long as lower one; neurochaetal blades bidentate, anterior ones with teeth smaller, guard approaching subdistal tooth]. ��� 1 specimen, ZMB 3806, and one slide, Grube Collection, Ehrenberg coll. [25 mm long, 5 mm wide; macerated; some left parapodia previously removed; integument shiny, grayish; pharynx exposed, dorsal papillae rounded, slightly as wide as long; antennae digitate, 4-5 times as long as wide; eyes colorless; acicular lobe single, long, tapered; neurochaetal blades bidentate, guard approaching subdistal tooth]. Western Indian Ocean. Oman. 1 specimen, UF 46, Masirah Island, 2 to 4 km S of SE tip of Island, coarse sand and rocks, 20 -22 m depth, 8.XI.1999, G. Paulay coll. [35 mm long, 7 mm wide; colorless, integument areolated, not tuberculated as in H. intertexta; antennae minute, smaller than interocular distance; eyes brownish, anterior eyes slightly larger than posterior ones; dorsal cirrophore 3-4 times as long as wide, cirrostyle cylindrical basally, annulated; ventral cirri articulated, longer than chaetal lobe; acicular lobe single, wide basally, digitate, tapered distally; neurochaetal blades bidentate, guard approaching distal tooth in anterior chaetigers as well]. ��� 1 specimen, UF 48, Masirah Island, South-southwest tip of Masirah, 100 m from shore, rocks and reef, under rocks, 1 -7 m depth, 6.XI.1999, G. Paulay coll. [46 mm long, 5.5 mm wide; body stiff, bent ventrally, without pigmentation; acicular lobe single, wide basally, digitate, tapered distally]. ��� 1 specimen, UF 410, Qurm Beach, near Muscat (23.626, 58.481; 23��37���33.6000���N, 058��28���51.6000���E), 0 -1 m depth, 26.I.2005, V. Bonito, M. Claereboudt & G. Paulay coll. [32 mm long, 4 mm wide; body laterally bent, without pigmentation; acicular lobe single, wide basally, digitate, tapered distally]. ��� 2 specimens, MNHN-IA-PNT91 (formerly jar 70), Mission Bouvier-Perez, Sta. 50, Banc R��k-as-Zakoum, 6.4 km off Oman, 8 -12 m depth, 19.III.1901 [38-48 mm long, 4-8 mm wide; slightly damaged, many chaetae broken; body grayish, integument markedly shiny, areolated in anterior and posterior regions; acicular lobes single, tapered]. ��� 2 specimens, MNHN-IA-PNT91 (formerly jar 70), Mission Bouvier-Perez, Sta. 53, probably near to station 50, but without further data [dried-out; too brittle to be measured; acicular lobes single and tentatively regarding in this species]. Zanzibar. 1 specimen, MCZ 1215, 25.III.1862, C. Cooke coll. [59 mm long, 8 mm wide; body distorted by pressure in container, with many amphinomid chaetae; integument opaque; prostomium distorted; antennae ovoid, smaller than interocular distance; eyes dark brown, anterior ones twice as large as posterior ones; cirrophores 4 times as long as wide; dorsal cirri basally articulated; acicular lobe single, digitate; neurochaetae brownish, very abundant, most with long or medium-sized blades, subdistal tooth smaller; most guards broken, those entire approach distal tooth; pygidium rugose, anus projected, without anal cirri]. ��� 2 specimens, MCZ 46506, 25.III.1863, C. Cooke coll. [49-57 mm long, 6-8 mm wide; body macerated, integument transparent; most chaetal lobes invaginated; chaetae dark brown; one chaetal lobe from the larger specimen was removed for observation (kept in vial); one thick black acicula; most with long or very long blades, subdistal tooth smaller, guard approaching distal tooth]. Madagascar. 4 specimens, UCO HES 11, Expedition MD/08, Sta. 6, Banc Walters, no further data [23-39 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; damaged, most cirri and chaetal blades lost; colorless, eyes without pigmentation; acicular lobe single; blades bidentate, guard approaching subdistal tooth]. ��� 1 specimen, UF 737, Nosy Iranja, off N side, 3 -4 m depth, 24.V.2008, G. Bakary, F. Michonneau, G. Paulay & T. Werner coll. [34 mm long, 4 mm wide; body almost colorless, pigmentation resembling H. intertexta by having granulose or regularly rugose dorsal integument along posterior body half, and weak longitudinal lines and some triangular spots between lateral cushions, but anterior neurochaetal blades without tiny denticles, pointing distally; acicular lobe single, blunt, about 20 neurochaetae per bundle; blades bidentate, guard straight approaching distal tooth]. Persian Gulf. 1 specimen, SMF 19491, near PTL 9, MSGR 1993, 7.II.1993, M. Apel coll. [32 mm long, 4 mm wide; colorless, bent laterally; antennae globose, 1.5 times as long as wide; eyes barely pigmented, anterior ones twice as large as posterior ones; most cirri and neurochaetal blades broken; right parapodium of chaetiger 9 removed for observation (kept in vial); acicular lobe single, tapered; neurochaetal blades bidentate, subdistal tooth smaller; guards mostly broken, a few left approaching distal tooth]. DISTRIBUTION. ��� Western Indian Ocean, from the Persian Gulf to Madagascar, in 0 -22 m depth, in mixed bottoms. DIAGNOSIS. ��� Hesione with prostomium curved laterally; parapodia with dorsal cirri basally cylindrical, dorsal cirrophore twice as long as wide; larger acicula blackish; acicular lobe single, long, blunt or slightly swollen distally, lower tine missing; neurochaetal blades bidentate, 5-9 times as long as wide; subdistal tooth smaller than distal one, with guards approaching distal tooth. DESCRIPTION Lectotype of Hesione splendida, MNHN-IA-TYPE0140, 41 mm long, 6 mm wide; slightly macerated, longitudinally dissected anteriorly over the left side above parapodia (Fig. 52A), and another lateral dissection in the posterior third of body; ante- rior and posterior ends collapsed; anterior region macerated, prostomial features unclear (Fig. 52B); right parapodium of chaetiger 8 removed for observation; dorsal cirrophore macerated, about three times longer than wide (Fig. 52C), ventral cirri eroded, surpassing chaetal lobe; parapodial lobe contracted; neuraciculae black, one very thick, another one markedly thinner, only visible after dissecting parapodia; acicular lobe single, tapered (Fig. 52C [inset]); most neurochaetal blades lost, those remaining eroded, blades bidentate, guards broken bases visible in a few blades (Fig. 52C [inset]); posterior region tapered into a conical pygidium (Fig. 52D), anal papillae not seen; mature, larger oocytes about 100 ��m in diameter. Syntypes of H. ehlersi, MNHN-IA-TYPE0287, complete, some laterally bent, integument areolated (Fig. 53A, C), partially dehydrated, colorless in ethanol; most without dorsal cirri, chaetal blades broken, longest one with a longitudinal mid-ventral dissection, running through 14-15 chaetigers. Body subcylindrical, tapered posteriorly, 31-44 mm long, 3-4 mm wide. Prostomium as long as wide, anterior margin truncate (Fig. 53B) to slightly projected anteriorly (Fig. 53D), lateral margins rounded, progressively wider, posterior margin exposed, with a deep depression, as long as 1/3 prostomial length, longitudinal depression very shallow, barely detected. Antennae minute, digitate, as long as interocular distance, or 1-2 times as long as wide. Several syntypes with eyes retaining brownish pigmentation; anterior eyes larger, sometimes twice larger than posterior ones. Tentacular cirri and development unknown (originally illustrated as reaching chaetiger 5). Lateral cushions low, barely projected, most divided into anterior and posterior sections. Parapodia with chaetal lobes truncate, as long as wide (Fig. 53E); dorsal cirri with cirrophores 2-3 times as long as wide (Fig. 53F), cirrostyles basally cylindrical, annulated, medially annulated, distally articulated (originally illustrated as completely annulated or articulated). Ventral cirri smooth throughout its length, surpassing chaetal lobe. Neuraciculae blackish, larger one visible by transparency. Acicular lobes single, long (5-6 times as long as wide), blunt, slightly capitate in some parapodia (Fig. 54E [inset]), to tapered in the same specimen (Fig. 53F [inset]). Neurochaetae about 25 per bundle, handles honey-colored, blades bidentate, at a certain angle from handle, many lost, remaining ones decreasing in size ventrally, 5-9 times as long as wide, each with smaller subdistal tooth, guards, if complete, approaching or slightly surpassing subdistal tooth (Fig. 53G [insets]). Posterior region tapered into a blunt cone; pygidium smooth, anus projected with 7 low, blunt papillae. Pharynx not exposed. Oocytes not seen. Variation In syntypes of H. ehlersi (MNHN-IA-TYPE0287), anterior eyes can be slightly larger to twice larger than posterior ones. Antennae are difficult to see, partially because they are small, partially because bodies are partially dehydrated. Dorsal cirri shorter than body width (excluding parapodia). Acicular lobes are almost always single; rarely, especially when the upper tine is very short, a lower shorter tine can be noted. Anterior chaetigers with longest blades, teeth tiny, distal one larger, laterally directed; guards mostly broken, those remaining approaching distal tooth. In better preserved specimens, the integument is areolated (Fig. 54A, F), eyes brownish, anterior ones larger and antennae are wider medially, 2-3 times as long as wide, although the posterior furrow is not visible (Fig. 54B); dorsal cirrophores are twice as long as wide, and acicular lobes are single and become narrower in the first body third (Fig. 54C, D), whereas neurochaetal blades are thinner and have smaller teeth in anterior chaetigers in comparison to those present in following chaetigers (Fig. 54E). REMARKS Hesione splendida Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 was described with two specimens (syntypes); they belong to the same species despite their distant localities: Mauritius Island, MNHN-IA- TYPE0139, and Red Sea, MNHN-IA-TYPE0140). Both have a very thick black acicula and another one, markedly thinner, and their acicular lobes are single. Because one of the syntypes, MNHN-IA-TYPE0139, is in poor condition, being smashed and partially dehydrated, the other one is herein designated as the lectotype for H. splendida Savigny in Lamarck, 1818. Because Savigny (1822: 40) indicated a slight difference in the length of neurochaetal blades, and because they tend to be shorter in posterior chaetigers or, in the same chaetal bundle, if they are in lower portion. This proposal complies with the Code (ICZN 1999: art. 74.7, recomm. 74B). For the corresponding remarks of H. ehlersi, Gravier (1900: 179) preferred to compare it to other species instead of contrasting it against H. splendida, which had been also described fom the Red Sea. Gravier indicated it had no pigmentation pattern, a feature which is usually non-diagnostic, especially if it fades off soon in ethanol. Because the only other species described from the same region was H. splendida Savigny in Lamarck, 1818, it is enigmatic why these two species were not compared to each other, especially because the syntypes of the latter were in Paris, where Gravier used to work. Gravier thought his new species resembled H. pantherina Risso, 1826, described from the Mediterranean Sea, at least regarding prostomial features (Gravier 1900: 179). However, Gravier noted that regarding parapodial features H. ehlersi differs from H. pantherina (probably referable to H. sicula) because it has a single acicular lobe, whereas in the latter a double lobe is present. However, this feature is also present in H. splendida and these two species are herein shown to be synonyms, something other authors have anticipated. Gravier also indicated that his H. ehlersi resembled H. praetexta Ehlers, 1887, and H. vittigera Ehlers, 1887 because all were supposed to have single acicular lobes. This is incorrect. A single acicular lobe is present only in H. praetexta, not in H. vittigera (junior synonym of H. picta, see above). Other species provided with single, tapered acicular lobes are H. eugeniae and H. intertexta, and the type of neurochaetal blades could easily separate, Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2018, Revision of Hesione Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae), pp. 227-325 in Zoosystema 40 (12) on pages 309-313, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a12, http://zenodo.org/record/3741548, {"references":["LAMARCK J. B. 1818. - Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leurs Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des principales Especes qui s'y rapportent; Precedes d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des Caracteres Essentiels de l'Animal, sa distinction du Vegetal et des autres Corps Naturels, en fin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie, Deterville & Verdiere, Paris, volume 5, 612 p. http: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 64280058","SAVIGNY J. - C. 1822. - Systeme des Annelides, principalemente de celles des Cotes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, offrant les Caracteres tant distintifs que naturels des Ordres, Familles et Genres, avec la Description des especes. Description de l'Egypte. Histoire naturelle, Paris 21: 325 - 472 (publication date fixed after Sherborn, 1897, and after ICZN 1987, Op. 1461; reprint pages 1 - 128). https: // www. deutsche-digitale-bibliothek. de / item / A 2 H 7 RCHYNZ- 2 BLOBAZBXMYYI 5 FJ 5 LVR 4 N","BLAINVILLE H. DE 1825. - Nereide, Nereis (Chetopodes). Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles 34: 408 - 455. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25303363","BLAINVILLE H. DE 1828. - Vers a sang rouge. Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles 57: 368 - 501. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25316890","BLAINVILLE H. DE 1830. - Vers et Zoophytes. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, Planches, 2 e Partie: Regne Organise. Zoologie. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 24394694","QUATREFAGES A. DE 1866. - Histoire naturelle des Anneles marins et d'eau douce. Annelides et Gephyriens. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, volumen 1, 588 p.","DAY J. H. 1967. - A Monograph on the Polychaeta of South Africa, 1. Errantia. London: British Museum (Natural History) Publications 656: 1 - 458. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8725653","GRAVIER C. 1900. - Contribution a l'etude des annelides polychetes de la Mer Rouge. Nouvelle Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, 4 e serie, 2 (2): 137 - 282. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36872698","WEHE T. & FIEGE D. 2002. - Annotate checklist of the polychaete species of the seas surrounding the Arabian Peninsula: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Gulf. Fauna of Arabia 19: 7 - 238. http: // www. senckenberg. de / files / content / forschung / abteilung / aquazool / mev 2 / wehe _ % 26 _ fiege. pdf","FAUVEL P. 1918. - Annelides polychetes des cotes d'Arabie recoltees par M. Ch. Perez. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 24: 329 - 344. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 5037658","FAUVEL P. 1927. - Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924, 29. Rapport sur les annelides polychetes errantes. Transactions of the Zoological Society, London 22: 411 - 439. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1927. tb 00203. x","MCINTOSH W. C. 1924. - Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, 46.2: Preliminary notice of a second contribution to the marine Polychaeta of South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 14: 2 - 52.","MCINTOSH W. C. 1925. - A second contribution to the marine polychaetes of South Africa. Union South African Fisheries Marine Biological Survey 4: 1 - 93.","DAY J. H. 1951. - The polychaete fauna of South Africa, 1. The intertidal and estuarine Polychaeta of Natal and Mosambique [sic]. Annals of the Natal Museum 12: 1 - 67. http: // bionames. org / references / a 2 e 899 e 3 a 9 d 9 f 52 ce 63764 e 044 ff 14 b 0","RISSO A. 1826. - Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Volume 4, Paris: Livrault Libraire, 439 p. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50455192","STAGL V., SATTMANN H. & DWORSCHAK P. C. 1996. - The material of the Pola Red sea expeditions (1895 - 1898) in the collections of the Natural History Museum in Vienna. Biosystematics and Ecology Series 11: 29 - 41. http: // www. nhm-wien. ac. at / jart / prj 3 / nhm / data / uploads / mitarbeiter _ dokumente / dworschak / Stagl _ et _ al 1996 _ Pola. pdf","VON MARENZELLER E. 1879. - Sudjapanische Anneliden, 1. Amphinomea, Aphroditea, Lycoridea, Phyllodocea, Hesionea, Syllidea, Eunicea, Glycerea, Sternaspidea, Chaetopterea, Cirratulea, Amphictenea. Denskschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 41 (2): 109 - 154. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7215498","ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLA- TURE). 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London, 306 p. http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp","EHLERS E. 1887. - Reports on the results of dredging under th direction of L. P. Pourtales, during the years 1868 - 1870, and of Alexander Agassiz in the Gulf of Mexico (1877 - 78), and in the Caribbean Sea (1878 - 79) in the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer ' Blake', 31. Reports on the annelids. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College 15: 1 - 335, pls 1 - 60. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 30734338","GRUBE A. E. 1878. - Annulata Semperiana. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Annelidenfauna der Philippinen nach den von Herrn Prof. Semper mitgebrachten Sammlungen. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg (serie 7) 25 (8): 1 - 300, pls 1 - 15.","FAUVEL P. 1953 b. - The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya: Annelida Polychaeta. Allahabad, Indian Press, 507 p. https: // archive. org / details / FBIPolychaeta","PLEIJEL F. 1998. - Phylogeny and classification of Hesionidae (Polychaeta). Zoologica Scripta 27: 89 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1998. tb 00433. x"]}

Hesione pacifica McIntosh, 1885 reinstated (Figs 30-32) Hesione pacifica McIntosh, 1885: 184, 185, pl. 29, fig. 2, pl. 32, fig. 14. Hesione intertexta ��� Monro 1926: 311, 312 (partim, non Grube, 1878). Hesione splendida ��� Augener 1913 a: 187; 1922: 21, figs 4, 4a. ��� Hartman 1966: 191 (non Savigny in Lamarck, 1818). TYPE MATERIAL. ��� Tonga. Holotype, BMNH 85.12.1.136, RV Challenger Expedition, Sta. 172 (20��58���S, 175��09���W), 200 km N off Tonga Island, 32 m depth, coral mud, 22.VII.1874. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL. ��� French Polynesia. 1 specimen, USNM 19378, RV Albatross, Sta. unnumb., Society Islands, Bora Bora, between shore and fringing reef, 17.XI.1899 [21 mm long, 3.5 mm wide; body incurved; most cirri lost, all chaetae broken; pharynx exposed, short, margin smooth; prostomial anterior margin truncate, with a shallow furrow; lateral margins expanded posteriorly; posterior margin with a short longitudinal furrow; antennae tapered, 2/3 as long as prostomium; dorsal cirri basally multiarticulated; acicular lobes double, of similar size; posterior region tapered into a blunt cone; anus with thick anal cirri]. Northern Mariana Islands. 1 specimen, USNM 26069, Lagoon N of Matuis Beach, NW Saipan Island, in dead Lithophyllum, base of brown Acropora, 12.XII.1948, P. E. Cloud Burke coll. [26 mm long, 4 mm wide; body incurved; slightly dehydrated; most cirri retained on body; many chaetal blades lost; prostomium directed ventrally, antennae tapered; eyes unpigmented; dorsal cirri multiarticulated; acicular lobe double, upper tine digitate, twice as long as lower one, blunt triangular; neurochaetal blades short, bidentate, guard approaching subdistal tooth, rarely surpassing it; posterior end tapered into a blunt cone; anus terminal, no anal papillae visible]. South China Sea. 1 specimen, BMNH 1926.4.30.136, RV Alert Expedition, Macclesfield Bank, no further data [21 mm long, 2 mm wide; body bent laterally, integument rugose along a few anterior chaetigers, smooth in others; eyes barely pigmented; antennae tapered, 3-4 times as long as wide; anterior eyes twice larger than posterior ones; pharynx almost fully exposed, dorsal papilla covered by prostomium, slightly as long as wide, blunt; acicular lobe double, tines of similar length and width; all chaetae broken]. Australia. 1 specimen, ZMH-P 7925, Sharks Bay, SW Australien Expedition 1905, no further data [24 mm long, 3 mm wide; strongly contracted, integument smooth, prostomium invaginated; colorless, acicular lobes single; neurochaetal blades bidentate, guard approaching distal tooth]. ��� 1 specimen, ZMH-P 9338, Cape Jaubert, NW Australia, E. Mj��berg coll. [30 mm long, 4 mm wide; colorless, partially dehydrated; integument smooth; antennae digitate, twice as long as wide; eyes brownish, anterior ones as long as wide, twice larger than posterior ones, interocular distance barely visible, eyes almost fused laterally; aciculae blackish, thin, tapered; acicular lobe single, basally swollen, blunt; neurochaetal blades bidentate, subdistal tooth smaller, teeth and guards eroded]. DISTRIBUTION. ��� This subtidal species is rarely found in sediments, up to 32 m water depth, from the Northern Mariana Islands to the French Polynesia and New Caledonia. The record for Hawaii by Treadwell (1906: 1149) rather matches H. genetta by sharing a dark brown transverse band on chaetiger 2 (see above). DIAGNOSIS. ��� Hesione with prostomium curved laterally; parapodia with dorsal cirri basally cylindrical, dorsal cirrophore twice as long as wide; larger acicula blackish; acicular lobe double, tines digitate, upper one twice longer than lower one; neurochaetal blades bidentate, 2-3 times as long as wide; subdistal tooth as large as distal one, with guards approaching subdistal tooth. DESCRIPTION Holotype, BMNH 85.12.1.136, complete, tapered posteriorly; integument smooth, brownish, some small middorsal dots in most segments (Fig. 30A) in ethanol; a ventral dissection running throughout first 14 chaetigers; right parapodium of chaetiger 7 and left parapodium of chaetiger 6 previously removed, right parapodium of chaetiger 15 removed for observation (kept in vial). Body straight, bent dorsally, 23 mm long, 3 mm wide. Prostomium as long as wide, anterior margin projected anteriorly, lateral margins rounded, widest behind posterior eyes, posterior margin with a shallow notch, 1/5 as long as prostomium (Fig. 30B). Antennae digitate, longer than interocular distance, 4-5 times as long as wide. Eyes brownish, anterior ones slightly larger and farther apart than posterior ones. Tentacular cirri thin, tips broken, longest ones reaching chaetiger 5. Lateral cushions low, surface smooth, divided into 2-3 (rarely 4) sections. Parapodia with chaetal lobes eroded, most remaining ones invaginated; dorsal cirri most lost, with cirrophores twice as long as wide, cirrostyle basally cylindrical, smooth, medially and distally articulated, smaller than body width (Fig. 30C); ventral cirri regularly contracted, surpassing chaetal lobes. Neuraciculae blackish, tapered. Acicular lobe double, short, tines blunt of similar size (Fig. 30C, D). Neurochaetae about 20 per bundle, most trimmed, probably during ventral dissection, some with neurochaetal blades fragments, or blades lost (Fig. 30C [inset]). Posterior region tapered into a blunt cone (Fig. 30D); pygidium rugose, anus projected, dorsal margin and anal papillae eroded (Fig. 30E). Pharynx not exposed. Oocytes about 100 ��m in diameter. REMARKS Hesione pacifica McIntosh, 1885, reinstated, was described with a single specimen (holotype). It was in good condition, without pigmentation pattern, but all neurochaetal blades were lost, probably as an indirect consequence of his dissection to observe the pharynx. McIntosh made two illustrations for the species (reproduced herein as Figure 31), one was a dorsal view of the whole specimen, showing all tentacular and dorsal cirri (Fig. 31A), probably before dissection, and the other was an anterior parapodium (Fig. 31C). The original prostomium was enlarged because it was too small in the original (Fig. 31B); the prostomial posterior margin has a shallow furrow and the antennae were illustrated as long, tapered filaments, 5 times as long as wide and longer than the distance between lateral eyes, but these features can only be noticed by using a hand lens over the original plates, or by observing it with a stereomicroscope. Further, the parapodium was illustrated but no acicular lobes were indicated, although the details for cirri are adequate. Once the relative size of antennae is observed, his remarks are easier to understand. He indicated that H. pacifica approaches H. intertexta but that they differ by the size of antennae, being longer in the former and shorter in the latter, and in their neurochaetal blades, because the subdistal tooth is larger in H. pacifica than in H. intertexta. As indicated in the key below, the presence of subdistal teeth as wide as distal ones, groups H. pacifica with three other colorful species: H. genetta Grube, 1864 restricted, H. mooreae n. sp., and H. paulayi n. sp. Because the pigmentation pattern is long lasting in the latter three species (up to 100 years), and no pigmentation has been reported in H. pacifica, this is the main difference to sort them out. McIntosh and Chamberlin, studied their specimens 10-20 years after they were collected, and the latter also found H. genetta within the RV Albatross material. Further, one specimen from the Mariana Islands (USNM 26069) was collected by the end of 1948, and Olga Hartman saw it 5 years after sampling, while preparing her paper on that archipelago (Hartman 1954); no pigmentation was evident then, and none is visible now (Fig. 32A), but this would be the shortest time span between collection and identification, such that its pigmentation, if any present, must fade rather soon in comparison to the long-lasting pigmentation in specimens of both H. genetta and H. paulayi n. sp. After the study of the best preserved specimen (USNM 26069, 26 mm long), some additional observations include: 1) antennae can appear shorter and even biarticulate if they are directed ventrally (Fig. 32B); 2) dorsal cirri can be longer than body width including parapodia, and that ventral cirri often projects beyond neurochaetal tips (Fig. 32C); 3) acicular lobes are double with the upper tines twice longer than lower ones (Fig. 32C [inset]); and 4) there are about 20 neurochaetae per bundle, blades are 2-3 times as long as wide, bidentate with subdistal tooth slightly smaller than distal one, with guards approaching subdistal tooth (Fig. 32D [inset]). Neurochaetal blade size was in a smaller range in H. pacifica (2-3 times as long as wide) than in H. genetta or H. paulayi n. sp. (3-5 times as long as wide)., Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2018, Revision of Hesione Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae), pp. 227-325 in Zoosystema 40 (12) on pages 275-278, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a12, http://zenodo.org/record/3741548, {"references":["MCINTOSH W. C. 1885. - Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology 12: 1 - 554, pls 1 - 55 + 1 A- 39 A. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50688432","MONRO C. C. A. 1926. - Polychaeta of the H. M. S. Alert Expedition, 1881 - 1882. Families Hesionidae and Nereidae. Journal of the Linnaean Society 36: 311 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 02172. x","GRUBE A. E. 1878. - Annulata Semperiana. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Annelidenfauna der Philippinen nach den von Herrn Prof. Semper mitgebrachten Sammlungen. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg (serie 7) 25 (8): 1 - 300, pls 1 - 15.","AUGENER H. 1913. - Polychaeta I, Errantia. Die Fauna Sudwest- Australiens 4 (5): 63 - 304, pls 2 - 3. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7160887","AUGENER H. 1922. - Results of Dr E. Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13, 32. Polychaeten. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens handlingar 63 (6): 1 - 49. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41849959","HARTMAN O. 1966. - Polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 23: 163 - 252.","LAMARCK J. B. 1818. - Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leurs Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des principales Especes qui s'y rapportent; Precedes d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des Caracteres Essentiels de l'Animal, sa distinction du Vegetal et des autres Corps Naturels, en fin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie, Deterville & Verdiere, Paris, volume 5, 612 p. http: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 64280058","TREADWELL A. L. 1906 (1903). - Polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 23 (3): 1145 - 1181. http: // docs. lib. noaa. gov / rescue / Fish _ Commission _ Bulletins / BFC 1903 - v 23. pt 3. pdf","GRUBE A. E. 1864. - Die Insel Lussin und ihre Meeresfauna. Ferdinand Hirt, Breslau, 116 p., 2 pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3148838","HARTMAN O. 1954. - Marine annelids from the Northern Marshall Islands: Bikini and nearby atolls, Marshall Islands. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 260 Q: 617 - 644. https: // pubs. er. usgs. gov / publication / pp 260 Q"]}

Bradabyssa ochotensis (Annenkova-Chlopina, 1922) n. comb. Figure 27 Brada ochotensis Annenkova-Chlopina 1922: 39.���Uschakov 1955: 310(1965: 287), Fig. 115J.���Levenstein 1966: 45.���Jirkov & Filippova 2001: 354. Type material. Holotype (ZIRAS 26654), Sakhalin Bay, Okhost Sea, R.V. Liuetenant Dydymov, Sta. 400 (53��32' N, 141��15' E), 24 m, sand, 14(27) Aug. 1913, V.K. Soldatov, coll. Additional material. One specimen (ZIRAS 26655), Bering Sea, R.V. Plastun, Sta. 3 (63��11' N, 172��35' E), 66 m, 12 Sep. 1931, coll. (85 mm long, 8 mm wide, cephalic cage 4 mm long, 31 chaetigers, gonopodial lobes in chaetiger 5, 5���6 series of dorsal papillae; dissected for introvert details). Description. Holotype (ZIRAS 26654) complete (Fig. 27A), few parapodia previously removed, anteroventrally dissected. Body stiff, pale, slightly tapered posteriorly; 62 mm long, 12 mm wide, cephalic cage 5 mm long, 32 chaetigers. Tunic papillated, most larger papillae distally eroded, smaller ones covered by sediment. Papillae and integument finely covered by fine sand grains, not forming large sand tubercles. Papillae in two slightly different sizes and shapes; smaller ones digitate, larger ones globose, mucronate, about as large as neuropodial lobes, all arranged in 5���6 alternating series in median chaetigers (Fig. 27B). Anterior end not exposed (observations made through original dissection, completed with another dissected specimen (ZIRAS 26655). Prostomium dark brown, rounded, low, eyes not seen. Palps short, heavily contracted, thick, with longitudinal furrow, and long tip (due to compression), shorter than branchiae; palp keels dark brown, rounded, elevated. Caruncle well developed, reaching posterior margin of branchial plate; median keel basally wide, elevated, lateral ridges dark, lower than keel. Lips grayish, thick; dorsal lip triangular, lateral lips thicker, ventral lip darker, slightly projecting. Branchiae cirriform, sessile on branchial plate, separated into two lateral groups, filaments arranged in several rows, over 100 filaments per group. Nephridial lobes dark, present on lateral external basis of branchial group, each with double short maculate lobes. Cephalic cage present, chaetae as long as 1/13 body length, or less than half body width. Chaetigers 1���2 involved in cephalic cage, all with very long notochaetae (chaetigers 3���4 with long notochaetae as well, but shorter than anteriormost two); chaetae arranged in short lateral series, chaetiger 1 with 12 notochaetae and 10 neurochaetae, chaetiger 2 with 10 notochaetae. Anterior margin of first chaetiger rounded, papillae short, eroded. Chaetigers 1���3 of similar length. Chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae abrupt; aristate neurospines present from chaetiger 2. Gonopodial lobes in chaetiger 5, partially eroded (Fig. 27C). Parapodia well developed, lateral (Fig. 27D). Median neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia and neuropodia close to each other. Notopodia with chaetal lobe rounded, with 3 inferior large, mucronate papillae, about 1/5 as long as notochaetae; neuropodia with larger rounded lobe, with 8���9 inferior papillae, decreasing in size ventrally, separated in two groups (anterior and posterior), leaving central area bare or with one filiform papillae; notopodial lobes rounded, short. Median notochaetae arranged in short oblique series, all notochaetae multiarticulate capillaries with articles short basally, medium-sized medially, long distally (Fig. 27E), 5���6 chaetae per bundle, as long as 1/3 body width. Neurochaetae multiarticulate capillaries in chaetiger 1; posterior chaetigers with aristate neurospines, arranged in Jshaped patterns, 6���7 per bundle. Each neurospine with short rings basally, becoming slightly shorter medially, distally hyaline with long mucro (Fig. 27F). Posterior end rounded, pygidium with anus terminal, anal cirri absent. Variation. An additional specimen was 85 mm long, 8 mm wide, cephalic cage 4 mm long, 31 chaetigers. Remarks. Bradabyssa ochotensis (Annenkova-Chlopina, 1922) n. comb. belongs to the group of species which possess large dorsal papillae; it resembles B. annenkovae (Buzhinskaja, 2001) n. comb. and B. grangieri n. sp. by having neurospines with short anchylose articles. As indicated in the key above, B. ochotensis differs from the two other species by having more chaetigers (31���32 vs 19���26), although it is more similar to B. annenkovae because both have pale gonopodial lobes. Also, B. ochotensis is larger with more transverse series of globular papillae (5���6), whereas papillae are thinner and in fewer rows per segment (2���4) in B. annenkovae. After examination of the type specimen, I noted a few discrepancies from the original description by Annenkova-Chlopina (1922:39): the specimen width is 12 mm by chaetiger 10 and it does not reach the 20 mm originally indicated; there are 32 (not 31) chaetigers, although the last one is very reduced and carrying minute notochaetae, as usual in the genus, which would explain it being overlooked; and the larger dorsal papillae are globose, not triangular, arranged in three transverse series in median chaetigers. Uschakov (1955:310(1965:287), Fig. 115J) stated that the body had 29���31 chaetigers. Jirkov & Filippova (2001:354) recorded it from the Arctic with an average of 24 chaetigers, and indicated that this species lacks any sediment cover. Although there are subtle differences in the size of verrucae and of ecological conditions in their type localities, notochaetal articles sizepatterns are similar such that a size-dependent variation analysis must be made before concluding B. ochotensis and B. annenkovae are conspecific. Distribution. Okhotsk and Bering Seas, in shallow water., Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2017, Revision of Brada Stimpson, 1853, and Bradabyssa Hartman, 1967 (Annelida, Flabelligeridae), pp. 1-98 in Zootaxa 4343 (1) on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4343.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1041210

We present the results of a study of the star HD 34736. The spectropolarimetric observations carried out at the 6-m telescope showed the presence of a strong variable longitudinal magnetic field, exceeding -4500 G. The analysis of the HIPPARCOS photometry gives a set of possible periods of the brightness variability of the star, of which 0.3603 days is preferred. The variable radial velocity of spectral lines of the star and some signatures of lines of at least one other component show that HD 34736 is a double short-period system. Modeling of the spectra allowed us to estimate the effective temperature $T_{eff}$ of the stars (13 700 and 11 500 K) and their projected rotational velocities $v\sin i$ (73 and $\geq90$ km s$^{-1}$). The analysis of all the available information about the star allows us to hypothesize that the object of study is a close, possibly interacting binary system.

The release or escape of genetically modified fish from confined aquaculture facilities presents a potential risk to wild fish stocks and surrounding ecosystems. Thus, reliable biocontainment methods for aquaculture-relevant species are needed. Since physical barriers are not 100% effective, it is critical to develop reliable genetic-based methods for biocontainment. RNA interference (RNAi) could regulate gene expression and target genes that are essential for fish viability and/or reproduction. One such target gene, deadend (dnd), is required for primordial germ cell (PGC) development, migration and survival. While the use of RNAi technology has been successfully reported in C. elegans, M. musculus, and D. melanogaster, its use in zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been met with variable success. We targeted dnd using two different short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) approaches in zebrafish embryos, namely, 1) CMV-driven or a Gal4/UAS constructs with one double short-hairpin RNA stem-loop design consisting of two different target sites, and 2) CMV-driven to test two separate target sites independently flanked by the 5′ and 3′ sequences of the pri-miR-30e miRNA. The first shRNA strategy did not completely nor consistently abolish PGCs, based on vasa-expression, but low vasa expression was observed in some fish at 6 dpf. In contrast, the second shRNA strategy resulted in reduced and/or ectopic positioning of PGCs based on vasa expression at 2 and 6 dpf. However, neither strategy affected fertility in adult fish.

We establish a presentation for K1 of any small exact category P, based on the notion of “mirror image sequence,” originally introduced by Grayson in 1979; as part of the proof, we show that every element of K1(P) arises from a mirror image sequence. This provides an alternative to Nenashev's presentation in terms of “double short exact sequences.”

This work reports on the results of theoretical and experimental research of short-circuited thermoelements (SCTE). Computer simulation was used to obtain the electric potential, current, and temperature distributions in the bulk of thermoelements. Computer optimization of such a thermoelement design was carried out to achieve maximum transverse thermoelectromotive force (thermoEMF) and efficiency. Experimental studies of the short-circuited thermoelements were pursued. Bi-Te alloys were used as the thermoelectric material. It was established that, among the transverse-type thermoelements, double short-circuited thermoelements achieve the highest values of transverse thermoEMF and efficiency.

a b s t r a c t This paper presents an accurate analysis of noise equivalent power (NEP) and optical dynamic range (DR), for CMOS-3D image sensor based-on, indirect time-of-flight (TOF) technique with its derived algorithm: MDSI (multiple double short time integration). Considering, in addition, the maximum distance-range, scene features, and appropriate noise analysis a new approach for estimating NEP and DR has been pro- posed; exhibiting high correlation with MDSI principle, in contrast to the conventional approach where both parameters are only a function of incident-light power and integration time, which provides a gen- eral approach for all sort of image sensor including ordinary 2D image. Further analysis shows that NEP, for CMOS 3D-MDSI sensor, is at least 10 times the commonly quoted, and corresponds to the minimum required LASER-pulse power to achieve 90% of a given distance-range measurement, under a specific background light illumination (indoor/outdoor applications). Based-on the present analysis, an opti- mization criteria has been developed and applied to the design of 3D-MDSI sensor using 0.6 m standard CMOS process; a good agreement between experiment results and the conducted analysis has been found.

The polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene in the promoter region (5HTTLPR) has been considered to link with vulnerability to depression and anxiety. This paper introduces a series of our studies showing that this genetic polymorphism can explain portions of individual differences in stress reactivity at multiple levels: brain functions, peripheral physiological responses, and behaviors. Specifically: (a) carriers of double short (S) alleles, compared with carriers of at least one long (L) allele, show greater activation in the hypothalamus and larger reactivity in blood catecholamine, cortisol, and an inflammatory cytokine to acute stress; (b) carriers of double S alleles are more sensitive to punishment, and thus show poorer performance in a decision-making situation where they have to stick to a long-term correct option regardless of short-term punishment; and (c) carriers of double S alleles show greater activation of the amygdala and a correlation between amygdalar activity and an increase of natural killer cell proportion in blood when positive emotions are elicited. A possible model to explain the biological mechanisms underlying those phenomena is proposed and the ecological adaptive values of the 5HTTLPR genotypes are discussed.

In order to improve the seismic capacity of short-limb shear wall, two kinds of unbonded post-tensioned short-limb shear wall based on unbonded post-tensioned connections were put forward: (1) direct assembly short-limb wall; (2) hybrid assembly short-limb wall. The quasi-static cycle tests of two reduced scale specimens were conducted to simulate the seismic performance of 8-story symmetric double short-limb shear walls. The test results verified the basic design concept of unbonded post-tensioned short-limb shear wall, which requires that under strong earthquake action, the main part of coupling beam remains elastic and plastic deformation focus on the connection region of limbs and coupling beams. Therefore, the new short-limb shear wall is easier to fix. The test results also show the energy dissipation capacity of hybrid assembly short-limb wall is higher than that of direct assembly short-limb wall due to deformed bar crossing the interface between limbs and coupling beams.

Burmagomphus dentatus sp. nov. Figures 19–26, 37 Burmagomphus sp.— Zhang 2011 (Zhangjiang River, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China) Etymology. dentatus is a Latin adjective meaning ‘with teeth’; this epithet was applied because of characteristic teeth on the cerci. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, Zhangjiang River in Xiaoqikong scenic spot (25 ° 15 ’06’’N, 107 ° 44 ’ 37 ’’E), altitude 410 m, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China, 0 8 July 2010, Hao-miao Zhang leg.; Paratypes: 1 ♂, same data as holotype male; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same site and collector, 0 7 June 2010. Holotype male: Head. Eyes green while alive (Fig. 37). Face black with pale yellow markings (Fig. 19). Labium largely pale yellow, anterior margin of middle lobe black. Mandible bases pale yellow. Labrum with a pair of very large oval pale spots. Anteclypeus entirely black, lower margin of postclypeus with a central yellow stripe. Top of frons with a very broad yellow stripe. Vertex black with paired crescent tubercles behind lateral ocelli. Occiput black, with hind margin straight, fringed with long setae. Thorax. Generally black with pale yellow markings (Fig. 20). Prothorax with a pale spot on each side of middle lobe. Synthorax with mesothoracic collar interrupted at mid point, dorsal stripes not connecting with collar stripes. Antehumeral stripe extends throughout mesepisternum length but finely interrupted at its lower end. Sides of synthorax largely pale yellow with two broad black stripes, one along interpleural suture, the other along metapleural suture, thus forming three broad yellow stripes. Mesokatepisternum and metakatepisternum with large yellow spots. Legs largely black. Coxae with yellow spots in all legs, fore leg femur with inner yellow stripes. Wings. Hyaline, venation black. Forewings: 13 antenodals above and below Sc; 11 (left) and 9 (right) postnodals above R 1, 11 (left) and 12 (right) postnodals below R 1. Hindwings: 10 (left) and 9 (right) antenodals above Sc, 8 (left) and 10 (right) antenodals below Sc; 9 postnodals above R 1, 12 below R 1. Triangles not crossed. Median space without crossvein. Anal loop one-celled. Anal triangle 3 -celled. Pterostigma brown, well braced, below covering 3 (left) and 4 (right) cells on forewings, 4 cells on hindwings. Abdomen. Black with pale marking as follows (Fig. 37): S 1 with a large spot laterally and a dorsal spot connecting with dorsal spot in basal half of S 2; sides of S 2 with two oval pale spots, proximal one including auricles; S 3–7 with a basal ring; S 9 with a very large dorsal spot posteriorly; S 10 and anal appendages black, without a spine. Cerci slightly longer than epiproct and S 10, tapering and finely pointed, with a tuft of setae at apex, converging in dorsal view (Fig. 21). In lateral view, cercus slightly curved, its lower margin with a large blunt median tooth directed downwards; cercus apex kinked up and very narrow (Fig. 22). Epiproct with a deep median concavity, thus forming two relatively long lateral diverging branches, in lateral view their tips slightly curved upwards (Figs. 21–22). Posterior hamulus rather narrow at base and very strongly broadening apically, with posterior and apical sides nearly straight, forming a prominent, acute but rounded angle, and a convex anterior side; postero-apical spine very broad, tooth-like (Fig. 23). Female: Head and thorax color pattern similar to male (Figs. 24–25), vertex with two parallel horns behind and centrally of lateral ocelli (Fig. 24). Wing bases slightly tinted with amber. Abdomen with a big yellow spot on either side of S 1 and S 2. S 1 with a dorsal spot connecting with dorsal spot in basal 2 / 3 of S 2; S 3–7 with a basal ring; S 3 also with an additional small lateral spot; S 9 and S 10 with dorsal spots posteriorly. Vulvar lamina shown in Fig. 26 Variation in paratypes. In one paratype male the middle lobe of labium is largely black with a small yellow spot, and the size of paired spots on labrum varies. Measurements (mm). Holotype male: total length 49.0, abdomen (including anal appendages) 37.0, hind wing 28.5; Paratype: males: total length 52.0–53.0, abdomen (including anal appendages) 38.0–40.0, hind wing 29.5–30.0; females: total length 51.0–52.0, abdomen (including anal appendages) 39.0–40.0, hind wing 31.0–33.0. Differential diagnosis. This species also belongs to the conventional group 3 with two parallel light stripes on the mesepisternum. The two complete lateral black stripes along the thoracic sutures make it similar to B. arvalis, B. intinctus (Needham 1930; Chao 1954, 1990), B. apricus, B. magnus (see above) and B. sivalikensis (Fraser 1926, 1934). However, B. dentatus differs well from all species of group 3 but B. sivalikensis in having a strong blunt submedian tooth on the cercus. However, in B. sivalikensis this tooth occupies the lateral position in contrast to B. dentatus, where its position is ventral. Besides, B. sivalikensis has very different male secondary genitalia, with the posterior hamulus narrower and bearing a long pointed process and the vesica spermalis with a peculiar concave posterior margin (Fraser 1926). In B. dentatus, the secondary genitalia exhibit no specific features and are similar to those in most of the group 3 species. In addition, B. dentatus has a black occiput (greenish white in B. sivalikensis) and a less expressed abdominal yellow marking. The ventral cercal tooth in B. intinctus (fig. 7) is scarcely expressed, and the general shape of the appendages is very dissimilar. Female of B. dentatus is similar to female of B. magnus but has the pair of vertex horns set more closely to each other, so that their bases do not extend as wide as the lateral ocelli, while their apices are upright in parallel. Female of B. intinctus differs well from both above mentioned species by a pair of double short horns behind each lateral ocellus, widely separated by a long transverse vertex ridge (Fig. 9). Habitat. The type locality, the Zhangjiang River was very wide and deep. The section where the type series was collected was about 30 m wide and about 0.3–0.5 m deep at the banks; the bank vegetation was thick. During fieldwork in the beginning of June 2010, thousands of gomphids were emerging, including B. dentatus, B. gratiosus and B. sowerbyi. No fully mature individuals of these three species were found. During fieldwork in the beginning of July 2010, many mature individuals of both sexes were collected in trees near the river bank; they perched on leaves about 3–5m above ground. All three species were collected at the same tree, B. gratiosus most common, while B. dentatus and B. sowerbyi were rarer. Distribution. Currently only known from southern Guizhou province, China.