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In this thesis, we explore the possibility of optimizing general superconducting circuits via autodifferentiation. Following a summary of the essential components of superconducting circuits leading to a generalized expression for their Hamiltonian, we use an analytical solution for the gradient of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors to fill in a missing gradient step and form a general computational graph for arbitrary smooth loss functions that depend on circuit parameter values and its eigenvalues or eigenvectors. After verifying numerically that the resultant gradients predicted match a first-order approximation to high precision, we leverage knowledge of the gradient to perform optimization over key metrics including the fundamental resonant frequency of the circuit, its anharmonicity, charge and flux sensitivities, and both its longitudinal and dephasing coherence times. We demonstrate by comparison of these key metrics before and after that the minimization of our objective loss functions corresponds to the intended improvement in circuit characteristics. We demonstrate concurrent optimization of each of these objectives in the flux-tunable transmon and fluxonium circuit topologies, then show that randomly sampling parameter values within some fixed range can lead to optimization on-par with SOTA experimental devices. Finally, we assess how to address the problem of allocating truncation numbers for fixed computational resources, to maximize the convergence of the circuit eigenspectrum. Using this means of truncation number allocation, we undertake a preliminary investigation of a circuit with N = 3 inductive (Josephson junction) elements, showing that its overall performance for a small set of random samples can outperform that of both kinds of circuits with only N = 2 single-loop inductive elements. We conclude with an outlook on further applications of the tools and methodologies developed here, particularly with regards to designing better qubits for design and experimentation in-lab.

In this paper, an intrinsic decoherence model is solved analytically for a Λ -type qutrit interacting with a coherent field through intensity-dependent coupling. The effects of the qutrit-cavity interaction, the intrinsic decoherence and the initial coherent field intensity are examined on some quantum phenomena as: atom population inversion, mixedness, entanglement as well as total correlation. It is found that the increase of the physical parameters, the regular oscillatory behavior of the qutrit-population collapses and revivals are changed remarkably. The interaction between the three-level atom and the coherent cavity field generates a strong mixture, negativity entanglement and total correlation (classical + quantum). The growth, the regularity and the stability of these quantum effects depend on the decoherence and the initial coherent cavity intensity.

We explore the main issues that appear in (relativistic) quantum mechanics relative to the implementation of measurements. This approach reveals how fruitful these topics are for theoretical physics. Endeavoring to formulate an exhaustive solution to the measurement problem leads us to a better understanding of the status of the collapse and of the emergence of classicality, thanks to a precise definition of the measurement and some new vocabulary to speak of quantum mechanics and decoherence. The result may be seen as a step beyond the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. When the relativistic constraints are added, a consistency condition constraining any relativistic quantum theory is formulated, from which can be deduced the locality of physics as well as, in the context of quantum field theory, the microcausality hypothesis. Moreover, it also implies the non-measurability of fermionic fields. On the way, two different arguments are given to show that a deterministic theory superseding quantum mechanics can not be formulated.

We theoretically analyze the case of noisy Quantum walks (QWs) by introducing four qubit decoherence models into the coin degree of freedom of linear and cyclic QWs. These models include flipping channels (bit flip, phase flip and bit-phase flip), depolarizing channel, phase damping channel and generalized amplitude damping channel. Explicit expressions for the probability distribution of QWs on a line and on a cyclic path are derived under localized and delocalized initial states. We show that QWs which begin from a delocalized state generate mixture probability distributions, which could give rise to useful algorithmic applications related to data encoding schemes. Specifically, we show how the combination of delocalzed initial states and decoherence can be used for computing the binomial transform of a given set of numbers. However, the sensitivity of QWs to noisy environments may negatively affect various other applications based on QWs.

Complex absorbing potentials are frequently employed in quantum calculations. One of the advantages that such absorbers provide is the ability to attenuate outgoing waves in simulations of unbound systems, thus allowing for truncating the numerical domain. Here we argue that the absorber may also be used to probe outgoing waves so that physical information about absorbed particles may be retained. Moreover, under certain conditions, the physical information extracted via the absorber is subject to loss in coherence, as is also the case when collapsing the wave function upon measurement. Both these aspects demonstrate clearly how, and when, the effect of introducing a complex absorbing potential corresponds to that of a detector.

Theoretical/computational description of excited state molecular dynamics is nowadays a crucial tool for understanding light‐matter interactions in many materials. Here we present an open‐source Python‐based nonadiabatic molecular dynamics program package, namely PyUNIxMD, to deal with mixed quantum‐classical dynamics for correlated electron‐nuclear propagation. The PyUNIxMD provides many interfaces for quantum chemical calculation methods with commercial and noncommercial ab initio and semiempirical quantum chemistry programs. In addition, the PyUNIxMD offers many nonadiabatic molecular dynamics algorithms such as fewest‐switch surface hopping and its derivatives as well as decoherence‐induced surface hopping based on the exact factorization (DISH‐XF) and coupled‐trajectory mixed quantum‐classical dynamics (CTMQC) for general purposes. Detailed structures and flows of PyUNIxMD are explained for the further implementations by developers. We perform a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation for a molecular motor system as a simple demonstration., Python‐based UNIversal Excited state Molecular Dynamics. PyUNIxMD is a Python‐based nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation package based on mixed quantum classical frameworks for general purposes. It incorporates various dynamics algorithms and interfaces for popular quantum chemistry softwares. Especially, PyUNIxMD provides novel methodologies such as decoherence‐induced surface hopping dynamics based on exact factorization and coupled‐trajectory mixed quantum classical dynamics to account for quantum decoherence.

We explore the ability of a recently proposed jet substructure technique, Dynamical Grooming, to pin down the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma formed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In particular, we compute, both analytically and via Monte-Carlo simulations, the opening angle $\theta_g$ of the hardest splitting in the jet as defined by Dynamical Grooming. Our calculation, grounded in perturbative QCD, accounts for the factorization in time between vacuum-like and medium-induced processes in the double logarithmic approximation. We observe that the dominating scale in the $\theta_g$-distribution is the decoherence angle $\theta_c$ which characterises the resolution power of the medium to propagating color probes. This feature also persists in strong coupling models for jet quenching. We further propose for potential experimental measurements a suitable combination of the Dynamical Grooming condition and the jet radius that leads to a pQCD dominated observable with a very small sensitivity ($\leq 10\%$) to medium response., Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures

The ideas of classical communication and holographic encoding arise in different parts of physics. Here, we show that they are equivalent. This allows for us to reformulate the holographic principle independently of spacetime, as the principle that holographic screens encode interaction eigenvalues.

In the absence of quantum repeaters, quantum communication proved to be nearly impossible across optical fibres longer than $\gtrsim 20\text{ km}$ due to the drop of transmissivity below the critical threshold of $1/2$. However, if the signals fed into the fibre are separated by a sufficiently short time interval, memory effects must be taken into account. In this paper we show that by properly accounting for these effects it is possible to devise schemes that enable unassisted quantum communication across arbitrarily long optical fibres at a fixed positive qubit transmission rate. We also demonstrate how to achieve entanglement-assisted communication over arbitrarily long distances at a rate of the same order of the maximum achievable in the unassisted noiseless case., Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures. The full technical details, proofs and additional developments are deferred to the companion paper [F. A. Mele, L. Lami, and V. Giovannetti. Quantum optical communication in the presence of strong attenuation noise. Preprint arXiv:2204.13129, 2022]. In v3 minor typos have been fixed

We investigate the decoherence in a PT -symmetric qubit coupled with a bosonic bath. Using canonical transformations, we map the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian representing the PT-symmetric qubit to a spin boson model. Identifying the parameter α that demarcates the hermiticity and non-hermiticity in the model, we show that the qubit does not decohere at the transition from the real eigen spectrum to a complex eigen spectrum. Using a general class of spectral densities, the strong suppression of the decoherence is observed due to both vacuum and thermal fluctuations of the bath, and the initial correlations hold, as we approach the transition point., Ми вивчаємо втрату когерентностi в PT-симетричному кубiтi, який взаємодiє з бозонним оточенням. Використовуючи канонiчнi перетворення, ми знайшли неермiтiв гамiльтонiан, що описує PT-симетричний кубiт, в моделi бозонiв зi спiном. Ми визначили параметр α, який розмежовує областi ермiтовостi i неермiтовостi в моделi, i знайшли, що кубiт не втрачає когерентностi при переходi вiд дiйсного власного спектра до комплексного. Використовуючи загальний клас спектральних густин, ми показуємо, що має мiсце значне зменшення втрати когерентностi завдяки вакуумним та тепловим флуктуацiям середовища, i що вихiднi кореляцiї зберiгаються при наближеннi до точки переходу.

We performed a theoretical study of the dephasing dynamics of a quantum two-state system under the influences of a non-equilibrium fluctuating environment. The effect of the environmental non-equilibrium fluctuations on the quantum system is described by a generalized random telegraph noise (RTN) process, of which the statistical properties are both non-stationary and non-Markovian. Due to the time-homogeneous property in the master equations for the multi-time probability distribution, the decoherence factor induced by the generalized RTN with a modulatable-type memory kernel can be exactly derived by means of a closed fourth-order differential equation with respect to time. In some special limit cases, the decoherence factor recovers to the expression of the previous ones. We analyzed in detail the environmental effect of memory modulation in the dynamical dephasing in four types of dynamics regimes. The results showed that the dynamical dephasing of the quantum system and the conversion between the Markovian and non-Markovian characters in the dephasing dynamics under the influence of the generalized RTN can be effectively modulated via the environmental memory kernel.

We study the non-perfect propagation of information to evolving low-dimensional environment that includes self-evolution as well as noisy initial states and analyze interrelations between the degree of objectivization and environment parameters. In particular, we consider an analytical model of three interacting qubits and derive its objectivity parameters. The numerical analysis shows that the quality of the spectrum broadcast structure formed during the interaction may exhibit non-monotonicity both in the speed of self-dynamics of the environment as well as its mixedness. The former effect is particularly strong, showing that -- considering part of the environment as a measurement apparatus -- an increase of the external magnetic field acting on the environment may turn the very vague measurement into close to ideal. The above effects suggest that quantum objectivity may appear after increasing the dynamics of the environment, although not with respect to the pointer basis, but some other one which we call generalized pointer or indicator basis. Furthermore, it seems also that when the objectivity is poor it may be improved, at least by some amount, by increasing thermal noise. We provide further evidence of that by analyzing the upper bounds on distance to the set of states representing perfect objectivity in the case of a higher number of qubits., Comment: Significantly extended (notion of the indicator basis with further analysis added); version accepted in Special Issue of Entropy "Quantum Darwinism and Friends"

An important issue in developing quantum technology is that quantum states are so sensitive to noise. We propose a protocol that introduces reverse dynamics, in order to precisely control quantum systems against noise described by the Lindblad master equation. The reverse dynamics can be obtained by constructing the Petz recovery map in continuous time. By providing the exact form of the Hamiltonian and jump operators for the reverse dynamics, we explore the potential of utilizing the near-optimal recovery of the Petz map in controlling noisy quantum dynamics. While time-dependent dissipation engineering enables us to fully recover a single quantum trajectory, we also design a time-independent recovery protocol to protect encoded quantum information against decoherence. Our protocol can efficiently suppress only the noise part of dynamics thereby providing an effective unitary evolution of the quantum system., 6+16 pages

Abstract Quantum coherence plays a fundamental role in the study and control of ultrafast dynamics in matter. In the case of photoionization, entanglement of the photoelectron with the ion is a well-known source of decoherence when only one of the particles is measured. Here, we investigate decoherence due to entanglement of the radial and angular degrees of freedom of the photoelectron. We study two-photon ionization via the 2s2p autoionizing state in He using high spectral resolution photoelectron interferometry. Combining experiment and theory, we show that the strong dipole coupling of the 2s2p and 2p$$^2$$ 2 states results in the entanglement of the angular and radial degrees of freedom. This translates, in angle-integrated measurements, into a dynamic loss of coherence during autoionization. Graphic Abstract

Agradecimentos: We acknowledge several discussions with Michael Zwolak, who has provided us with extensive and perceptive comments that have greatly improved presentation of our results. This research was supported by Grants No. FQXiRFP-1808 and No. FQXiRFP-2020-224322 from the Foundational Questions Institute and Fetzer Franklin Fund, a donor advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation (S. D. and W. H. Z., respectively), as well as by the Department of Energy under the LDRD program in Los Alamos. A. T., B. Y., and W. H. Z. also acknowledge support from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Condensed Matter Theory Program, and the Center for Nonlinear Studies. D. G. acknowledges financial support from the Italian Ministry of Research and Education (MIUR), Grant No. 54_AI20GD01 Abstract: "How much information about a system S can one extract from a fragment F of the environment E that decohered it?" is the central question of Quantum Darwinism. To date, most answers relied on the quantum mutual information of SF, or on the Holevo bound on the channel capacity of F to communicate the classical information encoded in S. These are reasonable upper bounds on what is really needed but much harder to calculate-the accessible information in the fragment F about S. We consider a model based on imperfect C-NOT gates where all the above can be computed, and discuss its implications for the emergence of objective classical reality. We find that all relevant quantities, such as the quantum mutual information as well as various bounds on the accessible information exhibit similar behavior. In the regime relevant for the emergence of objective classical reality this includes scaling independent of the quality of the imperfect C-NOT gates or the size of E, and even nearly independent of the initial state of S Fechado

Despite being created through a fundamentally quantum-mechanical process, cosmological structures have not yet revealed any sign of genuine quantum correlations. Among the obstructions to the direct detection of quantum signatures in cosmology, environmental-induced decoherence is arguably one of the most inevitable. Yet, we discover a mechanism of quantum recoherence for the adiabatic perturbations when they couple to an entropic sector. After a transient phase of decoherence, a turning point is reached, recoherence proceeds and adiabatic perturbations exhibit a large amount of self-coherence at late-time. This result is also understood by means of a non-Markovian master equation, which reduces to Wilsonian effective-field theory in the unitary limit. This allows us to critically assess the validity of open-quantum-system methods in cosmology and to highlight that re(de)coherence from linear interactions has no flat-space analogue., Comment: 5 + 12 pages, 4 + 2 figures, matches published version in EPL

Spins in semiconductor quantum dots constitute a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing. Coupling them strongly to the photonic modes of superconducting microwave resonators would enable fast non-demolition readout and long-range, on-chip connectivity, well beyond nearest-neighbor quantum interactions. Here we demonstrate strong coupling between a microwave photon in a superconducting resonator and a hole spin in a silicon-based double quantum dot issued from a foundry-compatible MOS fabrication process. By leveraging the strong spin-orbit interaction intrinsically present in the valence band of silicon, we achieve a spin-photon coupling rate as high as 330~MHz largely exceeding the combined spin-photon decoherence rate. This result, together with the recently demonstrated long coherence of hole spins in silicon, opens a new realistic pathway to the development of circuit quantum electrodynamics with spins in semiconductor quantum dots., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures of main text, 19 pages, 12 figures of supplementary material

17 pags., 7 figs. -- This article belongs to the Special Issue Open Quantum Systems, In this work, momentum-space decoherence using minimum and nonminimum-uncertainty-product (stretched) Gaussian wave packets in the framework of Caldeira–Leggett formalism and under the presence of a linear potential is studied. As a dimensionless measure of decoherence, purity, a quantity appearing in the definition of the linear entropy, is studied taking into account the role of the stretching parameter. Special emphasis is on the open dynamics of the well-known cat states and bosons and fermions compared to distinguishable particles. For the cat state, while the stretching parameter speeds up the decoherence, the external linear potential strength does not affect the decoherence time; only the interference pattern is shifted. Furthermore, the interference pattern is not observed for minimum-uncertainty-product-Gaussian wave packets in the momentum space. Concerning bosons and fermions, the question we have addressed is how the symmetry of the wave functions of indistinguishable particles is manifested in the decoherence process, which is understood here as the loss of being indistinguishable due to the gradual emergence of classical statistics with time. We have observed that the initial bunching and anti-bunching character of bosons and fermions, respectively, in the momentum space are not preserved as a function of the environmental parameters, temperature, and damping constant. However, fermionic distributions are slightly broader than the distinguishable ones and these similar to the bosonic distributions. This general behavior could be interpreted as a residual reminder of the symmetry of the wave functions in the momentum space for this open dynamics., This research was funded by the University of Qom and the Fundación Humanismo y Ciencia

By using the Born Markovian master equation, we study the relationship among the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering, Bell nonlocality, and quantum entanglement of entangled coherent states (ECSs) under decoherence. We illustrate the dynamical behavior of the three types of correlations for various optical field strength regimes. In general, we find that correlation measurements begin at their maximum and decline over time. We find that quantum steering and nonlocality behave similarly in terms of photon number during dynamics. Furthermore, we discover that ECSs with steerability can violate the Bell inequality, and that not every ECS with Bell nonlocality is steerable. In the current work, without the memory stored in the environment, some of the initial states with maximal values of quantum steering, Bell nonlocality, and entanglement can provide a delayed loss of that value during temporal evolution, which is of interest to the current study.

Quantum decoherence is crucial to understanding the emergence of the classical world from the underlying quantum reality. Decoherence dynamics are unitary, although they superselect a preferred eigenbasis. Decoherence dynamics result in stable macroscopic, localized, classical-like states. We show that the above-mentioned facts imply the possibility of the existence of decoherence-like dynamics that result in stable macroscopic non-localized non-classical-like states. Being rooted in the fabric of the decoherence theory itself, this property implies environments that steer the decoherence towards, for example, spatial superpositions of macroscopic objects. To demonstrate this, we provide thought-experimental, mathematical and philosophical arguments.

We theoretically study the non-Markovian disentanglement dynamics of a two-qubit system coupled to nonequilibrium environments with nonstationary and non-Markovian random telegraph noise statistical properties. The reduced density matrix of the two-qubit system can be expressed as the Kraus representation in terms of the tensor products of the single qubit Kraus operators. We derive the relation between the entanglement and nonlocality of the two-qubit system which are both closely associated with the decoherence function. We identify the threshold values of the decoherence function to ensure the existences of the concurrence and nonlocal quantum correlations for an arbitrary evolution time when the two-qubit system is initially prepared in the composite Bell states and the Werner states, respectively. It is shown that the environmental nonequilibrium feature can suppress the disentanglement dynamics and reduce the entanglement revivals in non-Markovian dynamics regime. In addition, the environmental nonequilibrium feature can enhance the nonlocality of the two-qubit system. Moreover, the entanglement sudden death and rebirth phenomena and the transition between quantum and classical nonlocalities closely depend on the parameters of the initial states and the environmental parameters in nonequilibrium environments.

Orientador: Gilberto Medeiros Ribeiro Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin Resumo: Medidas experimentais foram realizadas para determinar as escalas de tempo de relaxação e decoerência do spin eletrônico como bit quântico. A estrutura dos estados de exciton foi investigada com o objetivo de servir como estados intermediários na manipulação do spin. O sistema utilizado para o estudo de decoerência é um ensemble de pontos quânticos auto-formados semicondutores. Dois temas servem como eixos centrais dos três experimentos desenvolvidos nesta tese: a polarização de spin e o fator g de Landé. No primeiro experimento, ao incluir o efeito do reservatório térmico, foi obtido o grau de polarização do spin (populações dos níveis up e down) para as camadas s e p. O desdobramento dos níveis orbitais em subníveis de spin permitiu obter a magnitude do fator g para estes estados. Mudando a orientação do campo magnético, foram observadas as anisotropias do tensor g e a sua relação com os detalhes do potencial de confinamento. Estas características permitiram inferir o tempo de relaxação T1. A medida da polarização resolvida no tempo foi realizada através de es-pectroscopia óptica de bombeio-prova. Os pulsos de luz e o campo magnético transverso permitem que uma polarização líquida seja inicializada. A rotação de Kerr permitiu observar oscilações desta polarização em torno do campo magnético com freqüência determinada pelo fator g. A perda da coerência de fase do spin resulta no decaimento destas oscilações numa escala de tempo T2. Medidas realizadas num ensemble de spins implicam em que o tempo de decoerência encontra-se limitado pela escala de defasagem T¤2< T2. Uma técnica semelhante à refocalização por spin-eco em experimentos de ressonância magnética nuclear, foi aplicada utilizando pulsos de laser para reverter a defasagem do ensemble. Tanto a possibilidade de medir o sinal de eco como o tempo de decoerência foram medidos como função da temperatura. A estrutura de níveis de exciton e a sua distribuição no ensemble foi estudada também com espectroscopia de bombeio-prova. Foram observados batimentos quânticos entre os níveis de estrutura fina do exciton para sis-temas 0D e 2D limitados pelo tempo de recombinação Abstract: Experimental measurements were carried out to determine the scales of the relaxation and decoherence time for the electronic spin as quantum bit. The structure of the exciton states was investigated with the objective to serve as intermediate states in the spin manipulation. The system studied for the implementation of the quantum computation is an ensemble of self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots. Two subjects serve as central axes of the three experiments developed in this thesis: the spin polarization and the Landé g-factor. In the first experiment, when including the effect of the thermal reservoir, the degree of spin polarization (populations for the up and down levels) was measured for layers s and p. The splitting of the orbital levels in spin sublevels allowed to get the magnitude of factor g for these states. Changing the orientation of the magnetic field, the g-tensor anisotropies and its relation with the details of the confinement potential had been observed. These characteristics had allowed to infer the relaxation time T1. The time resolved polarization measurement was carried out by optical pump-probe spectroscopy. The pulses of light and the transverse magnetic field allow the initialization of a net polarization. The Kerr rotation allowed to observe oscillations of this polarization around the magnetic field with frequency determined for factor g. The loss of the spin phase coherence results in the decay of these oscillations in a time scale T2. Measurements carried out in an ensemble of spins imply that the decoherence time is limited by the ensemble dephasing time T¤2 < T2. A technique similar to the spin-echo refocalization in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments using laser pulses was applied to reverse the ensemble dephasing. The possibility to measure the echo signal and the decoherence time was measured as a function of the temperature. The structure of exciton levels and its distribution in ensemble were also studied with pump-probe spectroscopy. Quantum beats were observed be-tween the fine structure exciton levels for 0D and 2D systems, yet limited by the recombination time Doutorado Física da Matéria Condensada Doutor em Ciências

We investigate the implications of quantum Darwinism in a composite quantum system with interacting constituents exhibiting a decoherence-free subspace. We consider a two-qubit system coupled to an $N$-qubit environment via a dephasing interaction. For excitation preserving interactions between the system qubits, an analytical expression for the dynamics is obtained. It demonstrates that part of the system Hilbert space redundantly proliferates its information to the environment, while the remaining subspace is decoupled and preserves clear non-classical signatures. For measurements performed on the system, we establish that a non-zero quantum discord is shared between the composite system and the environment, thus violating the conditions of strong Darwinism. However, due to the asymmetry of quantum discord, the information shared with the environment is completely classical for measurements performed on the environment. Our results imply a dichotomy between objectivity and classicality that emerges when considering composite systems., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures. v2 matches published version

This work proposes a series of quantum experiments that can, at least in principle, allow for examining microscopic mechanisms associated with decoherence. These experiments can be interpreted as a quantum-mechanical version of non-equilibrium mixing between two volumes separated by a thin interface. One of the principal goals of such experiments is in identifying non-equilibrium conditions when time-symmetric laws give way to time-directional, irreversible processes, which are represented by decoherence at the quantum level. The rate of decoherence is suggested to be examined indirectly, with minimal intrusions -- this can be achieved by measuring tunnelling rates that, in turn, are affected by decoherence. Decoherence is understood here as a general process that does not involve any significant exchanges of energy and governed by a particular class of the Kraus operators. The present work analyses different regimes of tunnelling in the presence of decoherence and obtains formulae that link the corresponding rates of tunnelling and decoherence under different conditions. It is shown that the effects on tunnelling of intrinsic decoherence and of decoherence due to unitary interactions with the environment are similar but not the same and can be distinguished in experiments., Comment: 32 pages, 4 figures

Orientadores: Carlos Ourivio Escobar, Amir Ordacgi Caldeira Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Resumo: A oscilação de neutrinos é um modelo muito bem sucedido em explicar uma grande variedade de experimentos. O modelo se embasa na premissa de que os neutrinos que interagem através da força fraca por corrente carregada não são autoestados de massa, mas uma superposição destes. De forma geral, a superposição em sistemas quânticos está sujeita a perda de coerência de forma que estados puros tendem a estados mistos. Esse tipo de evolução não é possível no contexto de sistemas quânticos isolados pois a evolução é unitária e, portanto, invariante por inversão temporal. A quebra da unitariedade permite que uma seta do tempo seja introduzida e o efeito característico para os neutrinos é o amortecimento das oscilações. Investigamos aqui alguns modelos fenomenológicos de descoerência e decaimento que podem ser observados por MINOS, um experimento de oscilação de neutrinos que consiste em medir o uxo de neutrinos produzidos num acelerador de partículas a 735 km de distância. Para esta tese, analisamos o desaparecimento de neutrinos muônicos em MINOS. Informações de outros experimentos são utilizadas para restringir o número de parâmetros de forma que apenas um parâmetro extra é introduzido para cada modelo. Adotamos uma dependência energética em forma de lei de potência para o parâmetro de descoerência. A simulação e software ociais do experimento MINOS são utilizados para obter a sensibilidade do experimento aos efeitos de quebra de unitariedade considerados Abstract: The neutrino oscillation model is very successful in explaining a large variety of experiments. The model is based on the premise that the neutrinos that interact through the weak force via charged current are not mass eigenstates, but a superposition of them. In general, a quantum superposition is subject to loss of coherence, so that pure states tend toward mixed states. This type of evolution is not possible within the context of isolated quantum systems because the evolution is unitary and, therefore, is invariant under time reversal. By breaking unitarity, an arrow of time is introduced and the characteristic effect for neutrinos is a damping of oscillations. In this thesis, some phenomonological decoherence and decay models are investigated, which could be observed by MINOS, a neutrino oscillation experiment that consists of measuring the neutrino ux produced in a particle accelerator 735 km away. We analyse the disappearance of muon neutrinos in MINOS. Information from other experiments is used to constrain the number of parameters, leaving only one extra parameter in each model. We assume a power law energy dependence of the decoherence parameter. The o-cial MINOS software and simulation are used to obtain the experiment's sensitivities to the eects of unitarity breaking considered Doutorado Física Doutor em Ciências

International audience; In approaches to quantum gravity, where smooth spacetime is an emergent approximation of a discrete Planckian fundamental structure, any effective smooth field theoretical description would miss part of the fundamental degrees of freedom and thus break unitarity. This is applicable also to trivial gravitational field (low energy) idealizations realized by the use of the Minkowski background geometry which, as any other spacetime geometry, corresponds, in the fundamental description, to infinitely many different and closely degenerate discrete microstates. The existence of such microstates provides a large reservoir q-bits for information to be coded at the end of black hole evaporation and thus opens the way to a natural resolution of the black hole evaporation information puzzle. In this paper we show that these expectations can be made precise in a simple quantum gravity model for cosmology motivated by loop quantum gravity. Concretely, even when the model is fundamentally unitary, when microscopic degrees of freedom irrelevant to low-energy cosmological observers are suitably ignored, pure states in the effective description evolve into mixed states due to decoherence with the Planckian microscopic structure. Moreover, in the relevant physical regime these hidden degrees of freedom do not carry any `energy' and thus realize in a fully quantum gravitational context the idea (emphasized before by Unruh and Wald) that decoherence can take place without dissipation, now in a concrete gravitational model strongly motivated by quantum gravity. All this strengthens the perspective of a quite conservative and natural resolution of the black hole evaporation puzzle where information is not destroyed but simply degraded (made unavailable to low energy observers) into correlations with the microscopic structure of the quantum geometry at the Planck scale.

We investigate geometric quantum speed limit of neutrino oscillations in a presence of matter and CP-violation. We show that periodicity in the speed limit present in an unperturbed system becomes damped by interaction with a normal matter and decoherence. We also show that (hypothetical) CP-violation causes enhancement of periodicity and increases amplitude of an oscillating quantum speed limit and can quantify CP-violation.

Orientador: José Antonio Roversi Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Resumo: Neste trabalho analisamos a dinâmica das correlações quânticas em um sistema composto por dois osciladores harmônicos em contato com um mesmo reservatório térmico e acoplados entre si com um acoplamento dependente do tempo. O reservatório térmico modelado de acordo com o modelo de Caldeira-Leggett e tanto a abordagem via integrais de caminho quanto a abordagem via equações mestras são usadas para estudar o sistema nos regimes Markoviano e não-Markoviano. O Hamiltoniano que descreve o sistema é bilinear nos operadores de campo, isto significa que se repararmos o sistema em um estado Gaussiano, o estado do sistema sera sempre Gaussiano. Para um estado Gaussiano toda a informa ¸ao sobre as correlações quânticas está contida na matriz de covariância s. Conhecida a matriz s podemos medir o emaranhamento usando a negatividade Logarítmica e calcular uma aproximação para a discórdia quântica em estados Gaussianos, que é a discórdia Gaussiana. Nós mostramos que mesmo à temperaturas muito altas as correlações quânticas, inclusive o emaranhamento, persistem. Esta persistência tem uma relação estreita com a estabilidade do sistema. Como as correlações quânticas são a principal assinatura da mecânica quântica, isto sugere que este tipo particular de acoplamento entre os osciladores pode reduzir a descoerência, introduzida pela interação com o reservatório térmico Abstract: In this work we analise the dinamics of quantum correlations in a system composed by two harmonic oscillators in contact with a common heat bath and coupled with each other by a time dependent coupling. The heat bath is modeled according to the Caldeira-Leggett model and both the path integral and the master equation approaches are used to study the system in the Markovian and in the non-Markovian regime. The Hamiltonian that describes the system is bilinear in the field opperators, this means that if we prepare the system in a Gaussian state, it remains in a Gaussian state indefinitely. For a Gaussian state all the information about the quantum correlations is in the covariance matrix s and we are able to calculate the Logarithmic Negativity as a measure of the systems¿ entanglement and the Gaussian discord as an approximantion to the usual quantum discord, that is a measure of quantum correlations. We have shown that in some circunstances we can observe the survival of quantum correlations and entanglement, even at very high temperatures. This survival has close relationship with the stability of the system¿s equation of motion. As quantum correlations are the main feature of quantum mechanics, this sugests that this particular coupling between the oscillators can reduce the decoherence effects induced by the interaction with the heat bath Mestrado Física Mestre em Física

Orientador: Amir Ordacgi Caldeira Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin Resumo: Nesta dissertação, analisamos o efeito dos graus de liberdade internos de um objeto na dinâmica do seu centro de massa visando a determinar sua relevância para processos de descoerência em experimentos de fenda dupla. Mostramos que esses graus de liberdade se acoplam ao centro de massa na presença de um potencial que quebra a invariância translacional do sistema, e assim fazendo, funcionam como um ambiente que evolui em conjunto com o centro de massa do objeto. Utilizando uma abordagem de espalhamento, calculamos o operador densidade do sistema composto de centro de massa e coordenadas relativas na aproximação de Born para espalhamentos elásticos. Argumentamos como esse operador densidade nos da informção sobre os processos inelásticos e concluímos que, dentro da aproximação de Born, limitações geométricas impedem que os graus de liberdade internos do objeto atuem como um fator relevante para a descoerência Abstract: In this work, we analyze the effect of an object's internal degrees of freedom on its center of mass dynamics in order to determine its relevance to decoherence processes in double slit experiments. We show that these degrees of freedom couple to the center of mass in the presence of a potential that breaks the translational invariance of the system, and in so doing, act as an environment that evolves together with the object's center of mass. Using a scattering approach, we compute the density operator of the system composed of its center of mass and relative coordinates, in the Born approximation, for elastic scattering. We argue how this density operator gives us information about inelastic processes and conclude that, within the Born approximation, geometric constraints prevent the internal degrees of freedom from acting as a relevant factor for decoherence Mestrado Física Clássica e Física Quântica : Mecânica e Campos Mestre em Física

Coherence is a major caveat in quantum computing. While phonons and electrons are weakly coupled in a glass, topological insulators strongly depend on the electron-phonon coupling. Knowledge of the electron−phonon interaction at conducting surfaces is relevant from a fundamental point of view as well as for various applications, such as two-dimensional and quasi-1D superconductivity in nanotechnology. Similarly, the electron−phonon interaction plays a relevant role in other transport properties e.g., thermoelectricity, low-dimensional systems as layered Bi and Sb chalcogenides, and quasi-crystalline materials. Glass-electrolyte ferroelectric energy storage cells exhibit self-charge and self-cycling related to topological superconductivity and electron-phonon coupling; phonon coherence is therefore important. By recurring to ab initio molecular dynamics, it was demonstrated the tendency of the Li3ClO, Li2.92Ba0.04ClO, Na3ClO, and Na2.92Ba0.04ClO ferroelectric-electrolytes to keep phonon oscillation coherence for a short lapse of time in ps. Double-well energy potentials were obtained while the electrolyte systems were thermostatted in a heat bath at a constant temperature. The latter occurrences indicate ferroelectric type behavior but do not justify the coherent self-oscillations observed in all types of cells containing these families of electrolytes and, therefore, an emergent type phenomenon where the full cell works as a feedback system allowing oscillations coherence must be realized. A comparison with amorphous SiO2 was performed and the specific heats for the various species were calculated.

The transition from the quantum to the classical world is not yet understood. Here, we take a new approach. Central to this is the understanding that measurement and actualization cannot occur except on some specific basis. However, we have no established theory for the emergence of a specific basis. Our framework entails the following: (i) Sets of N entangled quantum variables can mutually actualize one another. (ii) Such actualization must occur in only one of the 2N possible bases. (iii) Mutual actualization progressively breaks symmetry among the 2N bases. (iv) An emerging “amplitude” for any basis can be amplified by further measurements in that basis, and it can decay between measurements. (v) The emergence of any basis is driven by mutual measurements among the N variables and decoherence with the environment. Quantum Zeno interactions among the N variables mediates the mutual measurements. (vi) As the number of variables, N, increases, the number of Quantum Zeno mediated measurements among the N variables increases. We note that decoherence alone does not yield a specific basis. (vii) Quantum ordered, quantum critical, and quantum chaotic peptides that decohere at nanosecond versus femtosecond time scales can be used as test objects. (viii) By varying the number of amino acids, N, and the use of quantum ordered, critical, or chaotic peptides, the ratio of decoherence to Quantum Zeno effects can be tuned. This enables new means to probe the emergence of one among a set of initially entangled bases via weak measurements after preparing the system in a mixed basis condition. (ix) Use of the three stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and the five stable isotopes of sulfur allows any ten atoms in the test protein to be discriminably labeled and the basis of emergence for those labeled atoms can be detected by weak measurements. We present an initial mathematical framework for this theory, and we propose experiments.

Our everyday reality is characterized by objective information$\unicode{x2013}$information that is selected and amplified by the environment that interacts with quantum systems. Many observers can accurately infer that information indirectly by making measurements on fragments of the environment. The correlations between the system, $\mathcal{S}$, and a fragment, $\mathcal{F}$, of the environment, $\mathcal{E}$, is often quantified by the quantum mutual information or the Holevo quantity that bounds the classical information about $\mathcal{S}$ transmittable by a quantum channel $\mathcal{F}$. The latter is a quantum mutual information but of a classical-quantum state where measurement has selected outcomes on $\mathcal{S}$. The measurement generically reflects the influence of the remaining environment, $\mathcal{E}/\mathcal{F}$, but can also reflect hypothetical questions to deduce the structure of $\mathcal{S}\mathcal{F}$ correlations. Recently, Touil et al. examined a different Holevo quantity, one from a quantum-classical state (a quantum $\mathcal{S}$ to a measured $\mathcal{F}$). As shown here, this quantity upper bounds any accessible classical information about $\mathcal{S}$ in $\mathcal{F}$ and can yield a tighter bound than the typical Holevo quantity. When good decoherence is present$\unicode{x2013}$when the remaining environment, $\mathcal{E}/\mathcal{F}$, has effectively measured the pointer states of $\mathcal{S}$$\unicode{x2013}$this accessibility bound is the accessible information. For the specific model of Touil et al., the accessible information is related to the error probability for optimal detection and, thus, has the same behavior as the quantum Chernoff bound. The latter reflects amplification and provides a universal approach, as well as a single-shot framework, to quantify records of the missing, classical information about $\mathcal{S}$., 8 pages, 1 figure

We construct the four-mode squeezed states and study their physical properties. These states describe two linearly-coupled quantum scalar fields, which makes them physically relevant in various contexts such as cosmology. They are shown to generalise the usual two-mode squeezed states of single-field systems, with additional transfers of quanta between the fields. To build them in the Fock space, we use the symplectic structure of the phase space. For this reason, we first present a pedagogical analysis of the symplectic group $\mathrm{Sp}(4,\mathbb{R})$ and its Lie algebra, from which we construct the four-mode squeezed states and discuss their structure. We also study the reduced single-field system obtained by tracing out one of the two fields. This procedure being easier in the phase space, it motivates the use of the Wigner function which we introduce as an alternative description of the state. It allows us to discuss environmental effects in the case of linear interactions. In particular, we find that there is always a range of interaction coupling for which decoherence occurs without substantially affecting the power spectra (hence the observables) of the system., Comment: 38 pages without appendices (total 49 pages), matches published version in EPJC

Приводится система уравнения для описания квантовой реальности. В качестве метода расчета ис�пользуются частные решения системы уравнений для отдельных физических объектов. Общее решение находится как сумма решений отдельных объектов. В результате находится строение квантовой реально�сти., A system of equations for describing quantum reality is given. As a calculation method, particular solutions of the system of equations for individual physical objects are used. The general solution is found as the sum of the solutions of individual objects. As a result, the structure of quantum reality is found.

Приводится решение системы уравнений рождения фундаментальных частиц из информации физического вакуума исходя из уравнений расширяющейся Вселенной Фридмана и квантовой телепортации по зависимости Планка для «черного излучения», A solution is given to the system of equations for the creation of fundamental particles from the information of the physical vacuum based on the equations of the expanding Friedman Universe and quantum teleportation according to the Planck dependence for "black radiation".

Recent advances in levitated optomechanics provide new perspectives for the use of rotational degrees of freedom for the development of quantum technologies as well as for testing fundamental physics. As for the translational case, their use, especially in the quantum regime, is limited by environmental noises, the characterization of which is fundamental in order to assess, control, and minimize their effect, in particular decoherence. Here, we present a general perturbative approach to compute decoherence for a quantum system in a superposition of its rotational degrees of freedom. The specific cases of the dipole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions are solved explicitly, and we show that the rotational degrees of freedom decohere on a time scale that can be longer than the translational one.

We examine the effect of the decoherence-induced reduction of correlation length on a one-dimensional scattering problem by solving numerically the evolution equation for the Wigner function with decoherence proposed in [L. Barletti, G. Frosali and E. Giovannini, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Transport 47, 209 (2018)]. The numerical solution is achieved by the Splitting-Scheme algorithm. Three cases are examined, corresponding to a reflection-dominated regime, a transmission-dominated regime and an intermediate one. The dynamic evolution of the Wigner function is followed until the separation process of the reflected and of the transmitted packets is complete and it is observed for three different values of the correlation length. The outcomes show a broadening and flattening of the Wigner function which becomes progressively more pronounced as the correlation length is decreased. This results in a reduced reflection at low energies and in a reduced transmission at high energies., Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures

Quantum darwinism (QD) is the process responsible for the proliferation of redundant information in the environment of a quantum system that is being decohered. This enables independent observers to access separate environmental fragments and reach consensus about the system's state. In this work, we study the effect of disorder in the emergence of QD and find that a highly disordered environment is greatly beneficial for it. By introducing the notion of lack of redundancy to quantify objectivity, we show that it behaves analogously to the entanglement entropy (EE) of the environmental eigenstate taken as an initial state. This allows us to estimate the many-body mobility edge by means of our darwinistic measure, implicating the existence of a critical degree of disorder beyond which the degree of objectivity rises the larger the environment is. The latter hints the key role that disorder may play when the environment is of a thermodynamic size. At last, we show that a highly disordered evolution may reduce the spoiling of redundancy in the presence of intra-environment interactions., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

We present the results of a study of the two-time correlation functions of a dichotomously driven two-level system in contact with a thermal bath by using corrections beyond the quantum regression theorem. In the strong system-environment coupling regime, it is found that the noise parameters could be tuned to control the magnitude of corrections at low environmental temperatures. The motional averaging and narrowing effect of the external noise was observed on the absorption and emission spectra of the two-state system. Furthermore, effects similar to the destruction of tunneling and noise enhancement of transport are observed in the dynamics of the two-time correlations., Comment: 16 pages and 5 figures

We identify the large-$N$ scaling of the metrological quantum gain offered by over-squeezed spin states that are accessible by one-axis-twisting, as a function of the preparation time. We further determine how the scaling is modified by relevant decoherence processes and predict a discontinuous change of the quantum gain at a critical preparation time that depends on the noise. Our analytical results provide recipes for optimal and feasible implementations of quantum enhancements with non-Gaussian spin states in existing experiments, well beyond the reach of spin squeezing., 6 pages, 2 figures

Orientador: José Antonio Roversi Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Resumo: Distribuição de emaranhamento é o principal requerimento para a realização de processamento de informação quântica distribuído. Recentemente, protocolos para transferência de estados quânticos (QST) entre diferentes pontos de uma rede quântica foram propostos. No entanto, alcançar QST com alta fidelidade ainda é um desafio devido a processos dissipativos no canal quântico e do aumento de ruídos do ambiente proveniente da tentativa de escalar esse sistema. Nessa dissertação, é proposto um protocolo escalável para distribuição de emaranhamento em uma rede de íons aprisionados acoplados a campos de cavidades. Nessa arquitetura, ambos graus de liberdade interno e externo de um único íon estão acoplados a um único modo do campo coletivo da rede. Esse acoplamento permite a transferência QST de dois qubits usando apenas um único íon. Para isso, é demonstrado que para duas ou uma condição de acoplamento forte é possível obter um hamiltoniano envolvendo um ou dois modos coletivos, respectivamente. Nós verificamos a influência do acoplamento efetivo interno e parâmetros dissipativos externos na transferência a temperatura zero e acima de zero. A transferência de emaranhamento é otimizada quanto todos os parâmetros internos forem iguais. Utilizando parâmetros experimentais nós demonstramos que ser possível alcançar alta fidelidade de transferência em nossas simulações. Finalmente, é feita também uma análise comparativa entre dois acoplamentos diferentes. É demonstrado que o acoplamento via fibra óptica pode se alcançar uma fidelidade mais alta. Concluindo que redes com fibras ópticas são mais robustas a perdas de informação em comparação a redes com cavidades acopladas diretamente Abstract: Entanglement distribution is the main requirement for distributed quantum information processing. Recently, several quantum state transfer (QST) protocols between distant nodes of a quantum network have been proposed. However, achieving high fidelity QST is still a challenge due to the losses process in the quantum channel and noisy environment from scaling the system. In this paper, we propose a scalable protocol for entanglement distribution in a network of trapped ions coupled to cavity fields. In this architecture, both internal and external degrees of freedom of a single trapped ion is coupled to a single normal mode of the network. This coupling allows a two qubits QST using only a single trapped ion. To achieve this, we show that under two or one strong coupling conditions it is possible to obtain a single or two collective field modes Hamiltonian, respectively. We verified the influence of internal coupling and external dissipation parameters on the transfer at zero temperature and higher. The entanglement distribution is optimized when all internal parameters are equals. High fidelity QST of entanglement is achieved using experimental parameters in our simulation. Finally, we made a comparative analysis between two different couplings and observed that the presence of a non-resonant collective field mode causes a difference in the temporal evolution for the two coupling types. We show that the fiber coupling achieves a higher fidelity of transfer. Therefore, suggesting that fiber networks are more robust to information loss in comparison to a network of directly coupled cavities Mestrado Física Mestre em Física CAPES 1765872 CNPQ 132644/2015-0

We study decoherence effects on mixing among three generations of neutrinos. We show that in presence of a non--diagonal dissipation matrix, both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos can violate the $CPT$ symmetry and the oscillation formulae depend on the parametrization of the mixing matrix. We reveal the $CP$ violation in the transitions preserving the flavor, for a certain form of the dissipator. In particular, the $CP$ violation affects all the transitions in the case of Majorana neutrinos, unlike Dirac neutrinos which still preserve the $CP$ symmetry in one of the transitions flavor preserving. This theoretical result shows that decoherence effects, if exist for neutrinos, could allow to determine the neutrino nature and to test fundamental symmetries of physics. Next long baseline experiments could allow such an analysis. We relate our study with experiments by using the characteristic parameters and the constraints on the elements of the dissipation matrix of current experiments., Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures

The performance of modern quantum devices in communication, metrology or microscopy relies on the quantum-classical interaction which is generally described by the theory of decoherence. Despite the high relevance for long coherence times in quantum electronics, decoherence mechanisms mediated by the Coulomb force are not well understood yet and several competing theoretical models exist. Here, we present an experimental study of the Coulomb-induced decoherence of free electrons in a superposition state in a biprism electron interferometer close to a semiconducting and metallic surface. The decoherence was determined through a contrast loss at different beam path separations, surface distances and conductibilities. To clarify the current literature discussion, four theoretical models were compared to our data. We could rule out three of them and got good agreement with a theory based on macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. The results will enable the determination and minimization of specific decoherence channels in the design of novel quantum instruments., Comment: 6 pages article plus 2 pages supplemental material

In quantum information theory, quantum discord has been proposed as a tool to characterise the presence of "quantum correlations" between the subparts of a given system. Whether a system behaves quantum-mechanically or classically is believed to be impacted by the phenomenon of decoherence, which originates from the unavoidable interaction between this system and an environment. Generically, decoherence is associated with a decrease of the state purity, i.e. a transition from a pure to a mixed state. In this paper, we investigate how quantum discord is modified by this quantum-to-classical transition. This study is carried out on systems described by quadratic Hamiltonians and Gaussian states, with generalised squeezing parameters. A generic parametrisation is also introduced to describe the way the system is partitioned into two subsystems. We find that the evolution of quantum discord in presence of an environment is a competition between the growth of the squeezing amplitude and the decrease of the state purity. In phase space, this corresponds to whether the semi-minor axis of the Wigner ellipse increases or decreases, which has a clear geometrical interpretation. Finally, these considerations are applied to primordial cosmological perturbations, thus allowing us to investigate how large-scale structures in our universe, which are believed to arise from quantum fluctuations, can exhibit classical properties., Comment: 35 pages without appendices (total 57 pages), 10 figures, typo corrected in the labels of figure 3

Fixational eye movements contribute to visual processing. The information encoded in them is crucial for signals coming from fovea since it connects visual information with brain activity. We recorded microsaccades and tiny head movements at high resolution, with a sampling rate of 300 Hz. Microsaccades are likely influenced by heads’s motion. Multifractal analysis shows that both movements are multiplicative processes of different origins, thereby reflecting the presence of different strategies. Microsaccades draw steps from a broad distribution of probability values, which likely indicates the way that the eyes use to maximize information, and satisfies a stretched exponential distribution. On the other hand, tiny head movements are described well by a lognormal distribution. Both movements, eye and head, are initially correlated and de-coherence of the two takes place for times greater than 29.2 seconds.

In this work, we study a bipartite system composed by a pair of entangled qudits under dephasing, showing how the dynamics can be decoupled into two main sectors. In one of them, the concurrence of the effective state needed to compute the geometric phase generally decays to zero at asymptotic times. Of course, an evolution restricted to this sector can occur or not, depending on the initial state. Among the possibilities, there is a maximally entangled qutrit state (MES) that undergoes a restricted evolution. In this case, instead of decaying to zero, the concurrence as well as the geometric phase signal a transition to an effective two-qubit MES at asymptotic times. Next, we obtain the analytic solution to the master equation for a general initial two-qutrit state, and identify a whole class of decoherence free states. The associated observables, evolving in the presence of the environment, are robust against decoherence regardless of the coupling constants and operating weights. Among them, we obtained all the MES states which are robust against decoherence. The enhanced stability properties around them provides a strategy to minimize the effects of the environment on fractional topological phases. Fil: Oxman, Luis E.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; Brasil Fil: Khoury, Antonio Z.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; Brasil Fil: Lombardo, Fernando Cesar. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Villar, Paula Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina

The coupled quantum harmonic oscillator is one of the most researched and important model systems in quantum optics and quantum informatics. This system is often investigated for quantum entanglement in the environment. As a result, such studies are complex and can only be carried out using numerical methods that do not reveal the general pattern of such systems. In this work, the external environment is considered to be two independent particles interacting with coupled harmonic oscillators. It is shown that such a system has an exact analytical solution to the dynamic Schrödinger equation. The analysis of this solution is carried out, and the main parameters of this system are revealed. The solutions obtained can be used to study more complex systems and their quantum entanglement.

The consensus regarding quantum measurements rests on two statements: (i) von Neumann’s standard quantum measurement theory leaves undetermined the basis in which observables are measured, and (ii) the environmental decoherence of the measuring device (the “meter”) unambiguously determines the measuring (“pointer”) basis. The latter statement means that the environment monitors (measures) selected observables of the meter and (indirectly) of the system. Equivalently, a measured quantum state must end up in one of the “pointer states” that persist in the presence of the environment. We find that, unless we restrict ourselves to projective measurements, decoherence does not necessarily determine the pointer basis of the meter. Namely, generalized measurements commonly allow the observer to choose from a multitude of alternative pointer bases that provide the same information on the observables, regardless of decoherence. By contrast, the measured observable does not depend on the pointer basis, whether in the presence or in the absence of decoherence. These results grant further support to our notion of Quantum Lamarckism, whereby the observer’s choices play an indispensable role in quantum mechanics.

We analyze the effects of gravity on neutrino wave packet decoherence. As a specific example, we consider the gravitational field of a spinning spherical body described by the Lense–Thirring metric. By working in the weak-field limit and employing Gaussian wave packets, we show that the characteristic coherence length of neutrino oscillation processes is nontrivially affected, with the corrections being dependent on the mass and angular velocity of the gravity source. Possible experimental implications are finally discussed.

Low-frequency time-dependent noise is one of the main obstacles on the road towards a fully scalable quantum computer. The majority of solid-state qubit platforms, from superconducting circuits to spins in semiconductors, are greatly affected by $1/f$ noise. Among the different control techniques used to counteract noise effects on the system, dynamical decoupling sequences are one of the most effective. However, most dynamical decoupling sequences require unbounded and instantaneous pulses, which are unphysical and can only implement identity operations. Among methods that do restrict to bounded control fields, there remains a need for protocols that implement arbitrary gates with lab-ready control fields. In this work, we introduce a protocol to design bounded and continuous control fields that implement arbitrary single-axis rotations while shielding the system from low-frequency time-dependent noise perpendicular to the control axis. We show the versatility of our method by presenting a set of non-negative-only control pulses that are immediately applicable to quantum systems with constrained control, such as singlet-triplet spin qubits. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of our control pulses against classical $1/f$ noise and noise modeled with a random quantum bath, showing that our pulses can even outperform ideal dynamical decoupling sequences., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures