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O Bioma Caatinga está presente na região Nordeste brasileira, possuindo diversas espécies de plantas endêmicas como a Opuntia fícus-indical, Prosopis juliflora, Calotropis procera e Bromelia laciniosa, sendo a base alternativa da alimentação animal na Caatinga nos períodos de seca, onde a raça Boer vem assumindo importante papel no agronegócio na região Semiárida. Portanto, o objetivo da revisão foi analisar as espécies de plantas cultivadas na Caatinga para alimentação de caprino nos períodos de seca. Pelo fato da escassez da chuva nesse bioma se prolongar por vários meses durante o ano, houve a necessidade de adaptar as plantas que são ricas em proteínas brutas, altas concentrações de nutrientes e amido, que serve para fornecer alimentos dos caprinos, proporcionando aumento do peso e a produção de leite. Dessa forma, tem contribuído para adaptação da raça na Caatinga independente das condições ambientais e garante um excelente manejo alimentar alternativo em todas as épocas do ano.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is known for mortality when it is not treated properly. Many advances have occurred over the past decades that affected patients' lives. However, not all patient populations have access to the same diagnosis and treatment resources.To evaluate mortality from HAE in a large cohort in a reference center in Brazil. Furthermore, the research intended to describe patients' life span, the asphyxia evolution, and factors related to the fatal outcome.A cohort of 433 patients from 46 families was evaluated in this prospective and retrospective study. Families were organized in clusters and were given a verbal autopsy to arrange data collection for the deaths and analyze symptoms during life. Causes of death were classified as deaths from laryngeal edema (LE) or other causes.Of 433 patients evaluated, 254 were not given the diagnosis of HAE. A total of 75 fatal events were evaluated. Only 10 of 75 patients were given the diagnosis of HAE before death, and the HAE diagnosis was made after death in 65 of 75 patients using verbal autopsy. The final cause of death after the investigation was asphyxiation owing to LE in 39 of 75 (52%) and deaths owing to other causes in 36 of 75 (48%). Ten deaths had occurred in the past decade. Time from onset of symptoms to seeking medical assistance was a median of 4 hours, and the time to death was a median of 8 hours. Three patients received fresh-frozen plasma and none received medications specific to HAE attacks. Throat pain or discomfort was the most common symptom, experienced by 71.8% of patients. The most common mistaken diagnosis at the original death certificate was allergy or anaphylaxis. The life span of patients who died of LE was reduced by 20 years compared with those who died of other causes.Hereditary angioedema remains a threat to life in the studied population. The large number of patients who do not receive a diagnosis makes the situation even more severe and is responsible for most deaths. Death analyses add knowledge to an understanding of the diseases and their impact on patients' lives, improving the targeting of public health efforts.

Objectives: This article aimed to investigate the effects of the association between photobiomodulation and hyaluronic acid incorporated in lipid nanoparticles in an epithelial lesion model in inflammatory parameters and oxidative stress. Methods: Eighty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: epithelial lesion group (EL); EL+PBM; EL+HA; EL+SLNs; EL+SLNs-HA; EL+PBM+HA; EL+PBM+SLNs; EL+PBM+SLNs-HA. The animals were anesthetized with 4% isofluorane after shaving and induced to an epithelial lesion. Topical treatment with a gel containing HA (0.9%) and/or SLNs (10 mg/mL) and with laser irradiation occurred daily for 1 week. Results: The results showed an increase in wound contraction on the seventh day in the LE + LBM + AH-NPL group, a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL- 4 and IL-10) and TGF-β. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and TGF-β also showed an increase in the LE + NPL-AH, LE + FBM + AH, LE + FBM + NPL and LE + FBM + NPL-AH groups. Regarding oxidative stress parameters, the levels of DCF and nitrite decreased in the combined therapy group when compared to the control group, as well as oxidative damage (carbonyl and sulfhydryl). In the antioxidant defense, there was an increase in GSH and SOD in the combination therapy group. Histological analysis showed a reduction in inflammatory infiltrate in the combination therapy group. The number of fibroblasts and the compaction of collagen fibers did not obtain significant responses. Conclusions: Results analyzed together showed that the combined therapy favored the repair process, and that studies can be carried out to enhance the histological analysis therapy favored the tissue repair process and that studies can be carried out to enhance the histological analysis.

The Grüneisen ratio $Γ$, i.e., the singular part of the ratio of thermal expansion to the specific heat, has been broadly employed to explore both finite-$T$ and quantum critical points (QCPs). For a genuine quantum phase transition (QPT), thermal fluctuations are absent and thus the thermodynamic $Γ$ cannot be employed. We propose a quantum analogue to $Γ$ that computes entanglement as a function of a tuning parameter and show that QPTs take place only for quadratic non-diagonal Hamiltonians. We showcase our approach using the quantum 1D Ising model with transverse field and Kane's quantum computer. The slowing down of the dynamics and thus the ``creation of mass'' close to any QCP/QPT is also discussed., 5 pages, 3 figures, comments are wellcome!

This paper describes a computer analysis developed to evaluate the expected lightning induced transients in a critical aircraft equipment interfacing an externally mounted sensor subject to a direct lightning attachment. At first, a discussion of the coupling mechanism in a metal airframe is presented. Once it is established an understanding of the coupling process, by modeling and testing a metal airframe, the article progresses to the evaluation of a case where the skin material is replaced by a quasi-isotropic carbon fiber composite laminate. Finally, it was also investigated the effects of the inclusion of a metal strip, to divert the current from the cabling, and the addition of cable raceways in the composite mounted installation. The results found for lightning induced transients, in each different proposed installation, provided valuable comparative effects expected for each airframe construction design and an indication of the level of protection to be considered for each respective system application.

Lightning strikes to aircraft can cause physical damage to structures and components, but the lightning currents can also couple to electronics cables potentially upsetting or damaging critical electronics systems. Because the coupling of lightning currents to system electronics cables and boxes does not usually cause direct physical damage, it is known as indirect effects of lightning (IEL). The certification requirements of 14 CFR 25.1316, for electrical and electronic system lightning protection, ensure transport category aircraft electronic systems can function appropriately, depending on criticality, through the expected lightning environments for that system. One of the critical steps in the certification process is determining the lightning transient environment that will appear at equipment interface circuits for all identified systems requiring lightning assessment. The certification guidance material in AC 20-136B [1] identifies EM simulation as a possible means to establish the aircraft lightning transient environment. Complex analyses using computational electromagnetics (CEM) simulation software can determine aircraft actual transient levels (ATLs) in a manner that is similar to traditional full vehicle lightning transient analysis (LTA) tests. This paper reviews certification guidelines and presents a computer simulation approach to determine ATLs for a transport category airplane. The simulation ATL results were compared to the measured results from a traditional full vehicle LTA test to validate the simulation results. A proposed method for margin development is presented as well as an argument to evaluate the overall uncertainty in the verification process based on a combination of aircraft test and analysis.

Neste artigo, analisamos “A enjeitada”, de Serões no campo. Trata-se do primeiro livro de narrativas de Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho, publicado em 1877. Com a análise dessa novela, pretende-se pensar sobre estruturas familiares portuguesas do período, além de compreender um pouco mais a perspectiva da autora acerca de discussões em voga no período, tais como os embates entre Romantismo e Realismo, os papéis sociais das mulheres, o direito à instrução, a luta de classes, a maternidade, o confronto entre razão e sonho, a função da religião.

The transmission of data and energy has been widely used over the past few centuries, but in a complex manner and at high cost. Gradually in order to simplify this process and reduce costs, important network cables have appeared, namely: twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiberoptic cables. Thus, instead of various wires, a single cable has become necessary. Within this context, this study seeks to evaluate data transmission performance using two types of Ethernet cables, CAT E5 and CAT E6, in circuits with DS18B20 temperature sensors. The evaluation of the two cables was made by reducing their lengths by 10 meters every two weeks to find the length of cable which would ensure a reliable reading of the sensors for use in the research project entitled “The Evaluation of the Potential Use of Surface Geothermal Energy in the City of Dourados, MS”. The obtained data indicates that CAT E5 cables with lengths less than 70 meters ensure reliable readings close to the real value, while for CAT E6 Ethernet cables this takes place at lengths of less than 80 meters.

Resumo Este trabalho objetivou analisar a tendência e a distribuição espacial da mortalidade de motociclistas em acidentes de transporte no estado de Alagoas. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico referente a todos os óbitos decorrentes de acidentes motociclísticos no estado no período 2001-2015. Os dados de mortalidade foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). As taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas e estratificadas por sexo. Para a análise de tendência, foi empregado o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão. Calculou-se a Variação Percentual Anual (VPA). Significância de 5%. Para a análise espacial, aplicou-se modelagem bayesiana empírica local, estatística de Moran e estatística de varredura espacial. Foram registrados 1.458 óbitos de motociclistas no período estudado, sendo 91,3% homens. Três comportamentos temporais foram observados nessa população: crescimento (2001-2005), padrão estacionário (2005-2013) e declínio a partir de 2013. As maiores taxas foram observadas no agreste e sertão. Cinco aglomerados espaciais foram evidenciados no que se refere à mortalidade geral e masculina, todos situados no agreste e sertão alagoanos. A modelagem mostrou redução da mortalidade a partir de 2013 e a análise espacial evidenciou que o problema é mais grave no interior do estado. Abstract The scope of this work was to analyze the trend and distribution of mortality among motorcyclists in traffic accidents in the State of Alagoas. It involved an ecological study relating to all deaths resulting from motorcycle accidents in the state in the period from 2001 to 2015. Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (MIS). Mortality rates were calculated and stratified by gender. The joinpoint regression model was used for trend analysis and the Annual Percentage Variation (APV) was calculated with a significance rate of 5%. For the spatial analysis, local empirical Bayesian modeling and Moran statistics and spatial scanning statistics were applied. There were 1,458 deaths of motorcyclists in the period studied, 91.3% of which were men. Three temporal behaviors were observed in this population group: growth (2001-2005), stationary pattern (2005-2013) and decline from 2013 onwards. The highest rates were observed in the ‘agreste’ and ‘sertão’ regions of the state of Alagoas. Five spatial clusters were revealed with relation to general and male mortality, all located in the ‘agreste’ and ‘sertão’ hinterlands of Alagoas. The modeling showed a reduction of mortality from 2013 onwards and the spatial analysis revealed that the problem is more acute in the interior of the state.

Resumo Fundamento As doenças cerebrovasculares (DCBV) constituem a segunda causa de mortes no mundo. Objetivo Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por DCVB no Brasil (1996-2015) e associação com o índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) e o índice de vulnerabilidade social (IVS). Métodos Trata-se de estudo ecológico envolvendo as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por DCBV. Os dados dos óbitos foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e os dados populacionais, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Para as análises temporais, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão, sendo calculado o percentual de variação anual (annual percent change [APC]) e médio do período (average annual percent change [AAPC]), com intervalo de confiança de 95% e significância de 5%. As tendências foram classificadas em crescente, decrescente ou estacionária. O modelo de regressão multivariada foi utilizado para testar a associação entre a mortalidade por DCBV, IDH e IVS. Resultados Foram registrados 1.850.811 óbitos por DCBV no período estudado. Observou-se redução da taxa de mortalidade nacional (APC: -2,4; p = 0,001). Vinte unidades federativas apresentaram tendências significativas, sendo 13 de redução, incluindo todos das regiões Centro-Oeste (n = 4), Sudeste (n = 4) e Sul (n = 3). O IDH teve associação positiva e o IVS, associação negativa com a mortalidade (p = 0,046 e p = 0,026, respectivamente). Conclusão O estudo mostrou comportamento epidemiológico desigual da mortalidade entre as regiões, sendo maior nos estados do Sudeste e Sul, porém com tendência significativa de redução, e menor nos estados do Norte e Nordeste, mas com tendência significativa de crescimento. O IDH e o IVS associaram-se com a mortalidade. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):89-99) Abstract Background Cerebrovascular diseases (CBVD) are the second major cause of death in the world. Objective To analyze the mortality trend of CBVD in Brazil (1996 to 2015) and its association with Human Development Index (HDI) and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Methods This is an ecological study. We analyzed the mortality rate standardized by CBVD. Death data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and populational data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The model of regression by inflection points (Joinpoint regression) was used to perform the temporal analysis, calculating the Annual Percent Change (APC) and Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC), with 95% of confidence interval and a significance of 5%. Trends were classified as increasing, decreasing or stationary. A multivariate regression model was used to analyze the association between mortality by CBVD, HDI and SVI. Results During this period, 1,850,811 deaths by CBVD were recorded. We observed a reduction in the national mortality rate (APC -2.4; p = 0.001). Twenty federation units showed a significant trend, of which 13 showed reduction, including all states in the Midwest (n=4), Southeast (n=4) and South (n=3). The HDI was positively associated and the SVI was negatively associated with mortality (p = 0.046 and p = 0.026, respectively). Conclusion An unequal epidemiological course of mortality was observed between the regions, being higher in the Southeast and South states, with a significative tendency of reduction, and lower in the North and Northeast states, but with a significative tendency of increase. HDI and SVI showed an association with mortality. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):89-99)

Neste artigo, analisamos o livro Uma alma de mulher, de Guiomar Torresão, publicado em 1869. Sob uma costumeira história de amor impossível, escondem-se importantes reflexões não só sobre o campo dos afetos, mas também sobre uma sociedade em transformação, composta por conflitos de classe e gênero. O estudo da obra se baseará, portanto, na análise desses conflitos que permeiam, em maior ou menor grau, a narrativa.

Background: cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are the second leading cause of death in the world. Objective: to analyze the trend of mortality from CVD in Brazil (1996-2015) and its association with the human development index (HDI) and the social vulnerability index (IVS). Methods: this is an ecological study involving mortality rates standardized by CVDD. Death data were obtained from the Mortality Information System and population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. For temporal analyzes, the inflection point regression model was used, with the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC), with a confidence interval of 95% and significance of 5%. The trends were classified as increasing, decreasing or stationary. The multivariate regression model was used to test the association between mortality from CVD, HDI and IVS. Results: 1,850,811 deaths due to CVD were recorded in the studied period. There was a reduction in the national mortality rate (APC:-2.4; p=0.001). Twenty federative units showed significant trends, 13 of which were decreasing, including all from the Midwest (n=4), Southeast (n=4) and South (n=3) regions. The HDI had a positive association and the IVS, a negative association with mortality (p=0.046 and p=0.026, respectively). Conclusion: the study showed an unequal epidemiological behavior of mortality among the regions, being higher in the states of the Southeast and South, but with a significant tendency to decrease, and lower in the states of the North and Northeast, but with a significant trend of growth. HDI and IVS were associated with mortality.

Introduction: Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Brazil is one of the main endemic countries for the disease, persisting as a public health problem. In addition, it is the main infectious disease that causes physical disabilities. Objectives: To analyze the magnitude and factors associated with activity limitation in new cases of leprosy diagnosed in the reference center in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 50 people diagnosed with leprosy. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were collected in addition to the application of the SALSA scale for the analysis of functional limitations. Logistic regression was used with the calculation of odds ratio. Results: The presence of functional limitations was registered in 32% (n=16) of the cases analyzed, especially female (56.3%), elderly (37.5%), low education (87.6%), dimorphic form (62.5%), multibacillary classification (75.0%), and degree 2 of physical disability (50.0%). Functional limitation was associated with an age range ≥45 years (OR 3.80; p=0.047), multibacillary classification (OR 4.28; p=0.021), and OMP score ≥6 (OR 4.69; p=0.041). Conclusion: There was a high frequency of people with physical disabilities. The factors associated with functional limitation were age equal to or greater than 45 years, multibacillary classification and OMP score greater than or equal to six.

Advances in the electronic industry have allowed a greater number of electronic equipment performing critical functions onboard civil aircraft. Therefore, immunity against lightning induced transients and High Intense Radiated Fields (HIRE) has become a significant issue to manage in the early stages of product development. The surface transfer impedance is an intrinsic parameter that represents the effectiveness of the cable shielding and is a key parameter for understanding electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems as well as an important input parameter to computational electromagnetic models (CEM). Such models are useful to predict voltages and currents at equipment interfaces during a lightning event for example. In this study transfer impedance measurements of a coaxial cable, a single shielded wire and a twisted shielded pair have been carried out according to the line injection and triaxial test methods standardized by the International Electro technical Commission (IEC). To validate the approach, experimental results have been compared to the analytical estimates.

This paper presents an application of computational electromagnetics (CEM) and low level injection techniques to determine the electrical transients that may appear in an aircraft wiring during a lightning strike. The study was accomplished in four steps: first, the main electromagnetic coupling mechanisms to a specific sensor interface and its interconnecting cables were identified and characterized in the test bench; then an electromagnetic model was developed to support the understanding of the coupling problem. The knowledge attained from this experiment was further applied to develop a realistic numerical model intended to represent the aircraft installation and its predictions were validated against the actual transient levels obtained from the full aircraft test. As the final step, a design modification was proposed and evaluated.

The scope of this work was to analyze the trend and distribution of mortality among motorcyclists in traffic accidents in the State of Alagoas. It involved an ecological study relating to all deaths resulting from motorcycle accidents in the state in the period from 2001 to 2015. Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (MIS). Mortality rates were calculated and stratified by gender. The joinpoint regression model was used for trend analysis and the Annual Percentage Variation (APV) was calculated with a significance rate of 5%. For the spatial analysis, local empirical Bayesian modeling and Moran statistics and spatial scanning statistics were applied. There were 1,458 deaths of motorcyclists in the period studied, 91.3% of which were men. Three temporal behaviors were observed in this population group: growth (2001-2005), stationary pattern (2005-2013) and decline from 2013 onwards. The highest rates were observed in the 'agreste' and 'sertão' regions of the state of Alagoas. Five spatial clusters were revealed with relation to general and male mortality, all located in the 'agreste' and 'sertão' hinterlands of Alagoas. The modeling showed a reduction of mortality from 2013 onwards and the spatial analysis revealed that the problem is more acute in the interior of the state.Este trabalho objetivou analisar a tendência e a distribuição espacial da mortalidade de motociclistas em acidentes de transporte no estado de Alagoas. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico referente a todos os óbitos decorrentes de acidentes motociclísticos no estado no período 2001-2015. Os dados de mortalidade foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). As taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas e estratificadas por sexo. Para a análise de tendência, foi empregado o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão. Calculou-se a Variação Percentual Anual (VPA). Significância de 5%. Para a análise espacial, aplicou-se modelagem bayesiana empírica local, estatística de Moran e estatística de varredura espacial. Foram registrados 1.458 óbitos de motociclistas no período estudado, sendo 91,3% homens. Três comportamentos temporais foram observados nessa população: crescimento (2001-2005), padrão estacionário (2005-2013) e declínio a partir de 2013. As maiores taxas foram observadas no agreste e sertão. Cinco aglomerados espaciais foram evidenciados no que se refere à mortalidade geral e masculina, todos situados no agreste e sertão alagoanos. A modelagem mostrou redução da mortalidade a partir de 2013 e a análise espacial evidenciou que o problema é mais grave no interior do estado.

The magneto-caloric effect (MCE), which is the refrigeration based on the variation of the magnetic entropy, is of great interest in both technological applications and fundamental research. The MCE is quantified by the magnetic Gr��neisen parameter $��_{\textmd{mag}}$. We report on an analysis of $��_{\textmd{mag}}$ for the classical Brillouin-like paramagnet, for a modified Brillouin function taking into account a zero-field splitting originated from the spin-orbit (SO) interaction and for the one-dimensional Ising (1DI) model under longitudinal field. For both Brillouin-like model with SO interaction and the longitudinal 1DI model, for $ T \rightarrow$ 0 and vanishing field a sign change of the MCE is observed, suggestive of a quantum phase transition. SO interaction leads to a narrowing of the critical fluctuations upon approaching the critical point. Our findings emphasize the relevance of $��_{\textmd{mag}}$ for exploring critical points. Also, we show that the Brillouin model with and without SO interaction can be recovered from the 1DI model in the regime of high-temperatures and vanishing coupling constant $J$., 10 pages, 12 figures, comments are welcome

Objetivo: Fornecer a médicos emergencistas exemplos de aplicações bem sucedidas de bloqueios nervosos guiados por ultrassom relatadas na literatura. Revisão Bibliográfica: Dos artigos nesta revisão incluem 11 (onze) estudos prospectivos (7 com amostras de conveniência e 4 randomizados), 1 estudo de coorte, 1 revisão sistemática e 19 relatos de casos, únicos ou em série. Didaticamente, o conteúdo dos estudos sobre bloqueio guiado por US foi descrito de maneira narrativa em forma de indicações categorizadas de acordo com a porção do corpo acometida pela intervenção, grupo populacional específico ou condições específicas com grande densidade de estudos, a saber: Lesão em extremidades superiores; Luxação de ombro; Fratura de arcos costais; Lesão em parede abdominal; Lesão de extremidades inferiores; Fraturas de quadril e colo de fêmur; População pediátrica; Outras indicações. Considerações Finais: Esta revisão demonstra que bloqueios anestésicos guiados por ultrassom são viáveis no departamento de emergência e destaca que diminuição significativa e sustentada da dor pode ser alcançada com essa intervenção.

We use the recently-proposed \emph{compressible cell} Ising-like model [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{120}, 120603 (2018)] to estimate the ratio between thermal expansivity and specific heat (the Gr��neisen parameter $��$) in supercooled water. Near the critical pressure and temperature, $��$ increases. The $��$ value diverges near the pressure-induced finite-$T$ critical end-point [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{104}, 245701 (2010)] and quantum critical points [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{91}, 066404 (2003)], which indicates that two energy scales are governing the system. This enhanced behavior of $��$ is caused by the coexistence of high- and low-density liquids [Science \textbf{358}, 1543 (2017)]. Our findings support the proposed liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water in the No-Man's Land regime, and indicates possible applications of this model to other systems., 5 pages, 4 figures

The quasi-two-dimensional organic charge-transfer salt $��$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$ is one of the prime candidates for a quantum spin-liquid due the strong spin frustration of its anisotropic triangular lattice in combination with its proximity to the Mott transition. Despite intensive investigations of the material's low-temperature properties, several important questions remain to be answered. Particularly puzzling are the 6\,K anomaly and the enigmatic effects observed in magnetic fields. Here we report on low-temperature measurements of lattice effects which were shown to be particularly strongly pronounced in this material (R. S. Manna \emph{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{104}, 016403 (2010)). A special focus of our study lies on sample-to-sample variations of these effects and their implications on the interpretation of experimental data. By investigating overall nine single crystals from two different batches, we can state that there are considerable differences in the size of the second-order phase transition anomaly around 6\,K, varying within a factor of 3. In addition, we find field-induced anomalies giving rise to pronounced features in the sample length for two out of these nine crystals for temperatures $T

O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar, qualificar, analisar e valorar os beneficios da arborizacao viaria do Bairro Parque do Trevo na cidade Ituverava. Para quantificar, qualificar e analisar a arborizacao foi feito um censo total onde todos os individuos foram amostrados, usando uma ficha contendo os seguintes itens as serem analisados; fiacao ausente ou presente, bifurcacao, presenca de pragas, analise visual da idade, pavimento da calcadas, afloramento da raiz, canteiro, se houve poda, galhos interferindo a rede baixa tensao, cavidades nos tronco e sua base, arvore se inclinando, lesoes de casca, invasao do tronco na pista, brotacao epicornica, elevacao de solo e identificacao de cada especie. Onde foi quantificada aproximadamente a valoracao daquelas arvores naquele ambiente usando dados da literatura existente. Foram encontrados no estudo 466 individuos distribuidos em 43 especies diferentes, onde duas especies (Licania tomentosa e Michelia champaca) representaram mais de 45% dos individuos presentes nas vias publicas, e valor estimado da arborizacao desse bairro foi de aproximadamente 127.218 dolares em um ano levando em conta amenizacao da temperatura no verao e inverno, reducao de dioxido de carbono e particulas suspensas no ar. Conclui-se que a depreciacao dos individuos arboreos, podas inadequadas sao os maiores problemas deste local.

The Gr��neisen ratio ($��$), i.e.\,the ratio of the linear thermal expansivity to the specific heat at constant pressure, quantifies the degree of anharmonicity of the potential governing the physical properties of a system. While $��$ has been intensively explored in solid state physics, very little is known about its behavior for gases. This is most likely due to the difficulties posed to carry out both thermal expansion and specific heat measurements in gases with high accuracy as a function of pressure and temperature. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge a comprehensive discussion about the peculiarities of the Gr��neisen ratio is still lacking in the literature. Here we report on a detailed and comprehensive overview of the Gr��neisen ratio. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of $��$ for gases. The main findings of this work are: \emph{i)} for the Van der Waals gas $��$ depends only on the co-volume $b$ due to interaction effects, it is smaller than that for the ideal gas ($��$ = 2/3) and diverges upon approaching the critical volume; \emph{ii)} for the Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal boson gas, assuming the transition as first-order $��$ diverges upon approaching a critical volume, similarly to the Van der Waals gas; \emph{iii)} for $^4$He at the superfluid transition $��$ shows a singular behavior. Our results reveal that $��$ can be used as an appropriate experimental tool to explore pressure-induced critical points., 9 pages, 5 figures, comments are wellcome

In the field of interacting electron systems the Mott metal-to-insulator (MI) transition represents one of the pivotal issues. The role played by lattice degrees of freedom for the Mott MI transition and the Mott criticality in a variety of materials are current topics under debate. In this context, molecular conductors of the $��$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$X type constitute a class of materials for unraveling several aspects of the Mott physics. In this review, we present a synopsis of literature results with focus on recent expansivity measurements probing the Mott MI transition in this class of materials. Progress in the description of the Mott critical behavior is also addressed., Topical review, 30 RevTeX pages, 30 figures

The organic charge-transfer salt EtMe$_3$P[Pd(dmit)$_2$]$_2$ is a quasi-two-dimensional Mott insulator with localized spins $S$ = 1/2 residing on a distorted triangular lattice. Here we report measurements of the uniaxial thermal expansion coefficients $\alpha_i$ along the in-plane $i$ = $a$- and $c$-axis as well as along the out-of-plane $b$-axis for temperatures 1.4\,K $\leq $T$ \leq$ 200\,K. Particular attention is paid to the lattice effects around the phase transition at $T_{VBS}$ = 25\,K into a low-temperature valence-bond-solid phase and the paramagnetic regime above where effects of short-range antiferromagnetic correlations can be expected. The salient results of our study include (i) the observation of strongly anisotropic lattice distortions accompanying the formation of the valence-bond-solid, and (ii) a distinct maximum in the thermal expansion coefficients in the paramagnetic regime around 40\,K. Our results demonstrate that upon cooling through $T_{VBS}$ the in-plane $c$-axis, along which the valence bonds form, contracts while the second in-plane $a$-axis elongates by the same relative amount. Surprisingly, the dominant effect is observed for the out-of-plane $b$-axis which shrinks significantly upon cooling through $T_{VBS}$. The pronounced anomaly in $\alpha_i$ around 40\,K is attributed to short-range magnetic correlations. It is argued that the position of this maximum, relative to that in the magnetic susceptibility around 70\,K, speaks in favor of a more anisotropic triangular-lattice scenario for this compound than previously thought., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B

Measurements of the coefficient of thermal expansion on the spin-liquid candidate $��$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$ have revealed distinct and strongly anisotropic lattice effects around 6 K - a possible spin-liquid instability. In order to study the effects of a magnetic field on the low-temperature spin-liquid state, dilatometric measurements have been conducted both as a function of temperature at \emph{B} = const. and as a function of field at \emph{T} = const. While the 6 K anomaly is found to be insensitive to magnetic fields \emph{B} $\leq$ 10 T, the maximum field applied, surprisingly strong \emph{B}-induced effects are observed for magnetic fields applied along the in-plane \emph{b}-axis. Above a threshold field of 0.5 T < \emph{B}$_c$ $\leq$ 1 T, a jump-like anomaly is observed in the \emph{b}-axis lattice parameter. This anomaly, which is located at 8.7 K at \emph{B} = 1 T, grows in size and shifts to lower temperatures with increasing the magnetic field. Although the anomaly bears resemblance to a first-order phase transition, the lack of hysteresis suggests otherwise., 3 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of ISCOM 2011, physica status solidi (c)(in press)

We present ultra-high-resolution dilatometric studies in magnetic fields on a quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor $\kappa$-(D8-BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]Br, which is located close to the Mott metal-insulator (MI) transition. The obtained thermal expansion coefficient, $\alpha(T)$, reveals two remarkable features: (i) the Mott MI transition temperature $T_{MI}$ = (13.6 $\pm$ 0.6)\,K is insensitive to fields up to 10\,T, the highest applied field; (ii) for fields along the interlayer \emph{b}-axis, a magnetic-field-induced (FI) phase transition at $T_{FI}$ = (9.5 $\pm$ 0.5)\,K is observed above a threshold field $H_c \sim$ 1 T, indicative of a spin reorientation with strong magneto-elastic coupling., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

We discuss a scaling theory of the lattice response in the vicinity of a finite-temperature critical end point. The thermal expansivity is shown to be more singular than the specific heat such that the Gr��neisen ratio diverges as the critical point is approached, except for its immediate vicinity. More generally, we express the thermal expansivity in terms of a scaling function which we explicitly evaluate for the two-dimensional Ising universality class. Recent thermal expansivity measurements on the layered organic conductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)_2 X close to the Mott transition are well described by our theory., 4 REVTeX pages, 4 figures; minor changes, as published

We report on synthesis, structural characterization, resistivity, magnetic and thermal expansion measurements on the as yet unexplored $��'$-phase of FeSe$_{1-x}$, here synthesized under ambient- (AP) and high-pressure (HP) conditions. We show that in contrast to $��$-FeSe$_{1-x}$, monophasic superconducting $��'$-FeSe$_{1-x}$ can be obtained in off-stoichiometric samples with excess Fe atoms preferentially residing in the van der Waals gap between the FeSe layers. The AP $��'$-FeSe$_{1-x}$ sample studied here ($T_c$ $\simeq$ 8.5\,K) possesses an unprecedented residual resistivity ratio RRR $\simeq$ 16. Thermal expansion data reveal a small feature around $\sim$90\,K, which resembles the anomaly observed at the structural and magnetic transitions for other Fe-based superconductors, suggesting that some kind of "magnetic state" is formed also in FeSe. %indicative of a fluctuating magnetic ordering. For HP samples (RRR $\simeq$ 3), the disorder within the FeSe layers is enhanced through the introduction of vacancies, the saturated magnetic moment of Fe is reduced and only spurious superconductivity is observed., 7 pages, 8 figures, published version

We report results of high-resolution measurements of the \emph{c$^*$}-axis expansivity ($\alpha_{c^{*}}$) at the charge-ordering (CO) transition for the quasi-1D (TMTTF)$_{2}$X compounds with X = SbF$_6$ and Br and make a comparison with previous results for the X = PF$_6$ and AsF$_6$ salts. For X = SbF$_6$, due to the screening of the long-range Coulomb forces, a sharp $\lambda$-type anomaly is observed at $T_{CO}$, which contrasts with the step-like mean-field anomaly at $T_{CO}$ for PF$_6$ and AsF$_6$, where CO occurs in the Mott-Hubbard charge-localized regime. For the latter two salts, a negative contribution to $\alpha_{c^{*}}$ is observed above $T_{CO}$. This feature is assigned to the anions' rigid-unit modes, which become inactive for $T$ $, Comment: Submitted to Special Issue - ISCOM 2009 - Physica B Condensed Matter

O presente artigo analisa, principalmente, o poema “Evocação do Recife” de Manuel Bandeira. Infância, neste estudo, será compreendida como a experiência primordial da linguagem poética bandeiriana, obtida pelo refinamento estilístico alcançado na esfera simbólica e exercida no jogo com as palavras. As experiências obtidas através das cantigas de roda, parlendas, brinquedos, estórias da tradição oral, enfim, da própria memória coletiva da época e seus elementos, impregnam a poética de Bandeira e são tratadas com olhar diferenciado por ele. Nesse passo, é possível também acolher o índice histórico que pode ser visto no texto literário quando neste há práticas que traduzem a memória cultural de um povo, demonstrando seus conflitos e valores, bem como, as alegrias e as belezas da cultura brasileira experienciadas na poesia bandeiriana. Palavras-chave: poesia; infância; experiência; memória.

A criação do primeiro curso de Graduação em Zootecnia no Brasil, pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, na Cidade de Uruguaiana, se deu aos treze de maio de um mil e novecentos e sessenta e seis sob fortes protestos de outras profissões que, à época, eram as responsáveis pela produção animal. Nestes quarenta anos de existência, as ações dos Zootecnistas e o crescimento das suas entidades de representação profissional, evidenciam várias contribuições para o avanço do negócio agrícola no Brasil, tornando a profissão cada vez mais reconhecida pela sociedade. Como profissão relativamente nova no contexto daquelas que compreendem as Ciências Agrárias, a Zootecnia procurou estabelecer-se ao longo do tempo, debatendo e promovendo a sua consolidação diante de um cenário relativamente hostil, com disputas em condição de desigualdade com os grupamentos profissionais mais antigos ou majoritários, face às distorções da legislação que rege a sua atuação no mercado de trabalho. Assim, este relato apresentado por Zootecnistas procura recuperar e analisar fatos, promovendo a reflexão sobre a breve história profissional e de lutas por que passadas nos últimos 40 anos e a síntese do melhor que pode proporcionar a Zootecnia para o desenvolvimento do País. Para tanto, o documento está composto por eixos temáticos que discorrem sobre os pensamentos e fatos registrados, entendidos como os mais relevantes para a compreensão da trajetória histórica da Zootecnia edificada como ciência e profissão no Brasil, incluindo as características do seu ensino de graduação, bem como reflete, em parte, a agenda política atual para a profissão, orientada pela Associação Brasileira de Zootecnistas (ABZ).

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da utilização de níveis crescentes de plasma suíno seco na dieta sobre o desempenho e a incidência de diarréias em leitões desmamados aos 17 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 200 leitões, da linhagem Agroceres, em uma GSMD (granja de suínos com mínimo de doenças), com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições por tratamento, sendo 10 leitões por unidade experimental, e metade de cada sexo. Os níveis de inclusão de plasma seco foram: 0%, 2%, 4% e 6%. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e os resultados analisados por meio da análise de variância, utilizando-se o programa SAEG. A adição do plasma de suíno seco por spray-dryer em rações de leitões após o desmame não influenciou o desempenho nem a incidência de diarréia em leitões de 21 a 42 dias de idade.