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Political scientists have long asserted that populists use simpler language than their mainstream rivals to appeal to ordinary people and distance themselves from elites. However, there is little comparative evidence in support of that claim. In this study, we investigate the linguistic simplicity of four right-wing populists compared to their principal opponents in the United States, France, United Kingdom, and Italy. We do so by analysing a corpus of approximately one million words from leaders’ speeches, using a series of linguistics measures for evaluating simplicity. Contrary to expectations, we find that Donald Trump was only slightly simpler than Hillary Clinton, while Nigel Farage in the UK and Marine Le Pen in France were more complex than their main rivals, and Italy’s Matteo Salvini was simpler on some measures but not others. We conclude that the simple language claim is not borne out and that other aspects of the received wisdom about populism should be re-examined.

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo el análisis histórico-lingüístico de seis arabismos a través de un corpus de documentos vinculados a los territorios que constituían el reino de Granada durante los siglos XVI y XVII: alarguez, albotín, almáciga, almea, almoraduj y atutía. Los condicionantes históricos que se observan en dicho territorio hacen que la variedad de español allí desarrollada se constituya como especialmente propicia para el estudio de arabismos, en contra de la tendencia general a la pérdida de estos términos desde finales del siglo XV. El léxico seleccionado se enmarca en el ámbito de los nombres de las plantas y minerales, el cual se desvela como especialmente fructífero a la hora de documentar préstamos tomados del árabe y en el que se producen numerosos dobletes léxicos entre términos de origen árabe y voces de origen griego y latino. Con todo, se aportan nuevos datos acerca de las mencionadas voces y de sus principales cambios The present study analyses six Arabisms through a corpus of administrative documents linked to the territories that constituted the Kingdom of Granada during the 16th and 17th centuries from a historical-linguistic point of view: alarguez, albotín, almáciga, almea, almoraduj and atutía. The historical conditions that are observed in this territory have made the Spanish variety developed there especially suitable for the studying of Arabims, against the general trend to the loss of these terms since the late 15th century. The selected lexicon is framed in the field of the names of plants and minerals, which reveals as especially fruitful to the documentation of Arab loanwords and in which numerous lexical doublets are produced between Arabic loanwords and voices of Greek and Latin origin. New data about the aforementioned voices and its main changes are provided.

The METOO movement (or #METOO) has been widely reported by American media outlets. Politicians and social activists take advantage of this social movement as a great momentum to promote political, economic and social policies in multiple areas especially the ones related to women’s rights. In turn, the movement gained even more extensive media exposure. However, as people enter the #METOO era, the general public and media start to split into different camps in terms of their opinion about this social movement. In this paper, we can observe how two American news outlets with opposing partisan leanings -CNN and FOX News- use different linguistic devices and strategies to report the METOO movement, its associated events as well as actors and participants involved. By conducting a linguistic analysis of news discourse produced by both outlets, the signals of their respective attitudes or opinions can be detected. Corpus linguistic (CL) analysis and critical discourse analysis (CDA) as synergetic approaches are presented to investigate news discourse produced by CNN and FOX News; the corpusbased study addresses different grammatic categories with a primary focus on the noun, while CDA or more specifically van Dijk’s news discourse model is applied in a case study of a specific news event to present a systematic and critical interpretation of news texts at different dimensions starting from the microstructural and macrostructural dimension (i.e. textual structure) up to superstructural (i.e. news schemata) and rhetorical dimension., Departamento de Filología Inglesa, Máster en Estudios Ingleses Avanzados: Lenguas y Culturas en Contacto

Recognizing that disciplinary confines often represent serious hurdles for translation scholars, this article offers a reflection on the boundaries of the subarea of news translation within the discipline of translation studies, focusing on its links with research that employs corpus-aided techniques, in particular critical discourse analysis and corpusassisted discourse studies. Reviewing a number of relevant studies and research projects that use different types of corpora, the discussion explores some of the main difficulties inherent in analysing translated news texts, which are often heavily mediated and edited in various ways; the ensuing key challenges associated with conducting journalistic translation research are examined. The article calls for mutual recognition and cross-fertilization between disciplines that investigate translated news from different, usually complementary, perspectives. In particular, the study of ideology and bias in translated news benefits from composite approaches and multi-faceted research projects that combine methods drawn from different areas: we argue that open and inclusive approaches are vital to uncover new and important insights into news translation.

Introduction to Fachsprache Special Issue (3-4/2015) devoted to corpus-based analyses of legal phraseology.

When analysing corpora with automatic and statistical means, one should remember that the raw material being treated is language and the specific nature thereof ought to be considered in all stages of research. Since language cannot be investigated per se, corpora can only reveal the characteristics of limited instances of linguistic behaviour: even exhaustive corpora only supply a finite set of texts which should be assessed in the light of a number of extra-linguistic factors impacting linguistic traits from different viewpoints: the sender’s and recipient’s region of origin, social and educational background and gender; the channel of communication; the topic under discussion and the formality of the situation, not to speak of the period in history when texts were produced. Such factors come into play in defining the linguistic properties of each single text (fragment) in the corpus, and their overall balance should be considered during the preliminary stages of corpus design and compilation. After having made decisions in terms of the selection of the texts to be included in the corpus, linguistic data need to be prepared for automatic processing. This stage too is far from intuitive and automatic: from the very identification of tokens of language to the extraction of lemmas, researchers should take into account qualitative aspects. Both corpus compilation and pre-processing cannot be considered neutral operations with a view to the results of automatic analysis and should be made explicit to enable the assessment of results and further exploitation of the same corpus.

In this paper I wish to examine a particular form of presence and absence, namely, that of the mention and failure to mention in political and media news reporting of messages relating to a particular historical event, namely, the outbreak of protest in the Arab Middle East and North Africa in 2011. The analyses will take a sort of ‘before and after’ contrastive approach, comparing how particular political and media sources talked about events and people involved in the period before the start of the protests and the period following the outbreak of the protests. The overarching preliminary research aim is to discover if the discussions changed, if so, how, and in particular what messages were present or absent, appeared or disappeared, completely or in relative terms, between the two periods of time. Various sets of data are examined in order to examine three subsidiary research aims (listed in the Introduction) contributing to this main one.

Рассматриваются примеры самопожертво-вания, описания которых встречаются в "Нацио-нальном корпусе русского языка". На основе этихпримеров выявляется несколько значений самопо-жертвования, между которыми наблюдается се-мейное сходство. Какие-то примеры и значениявоспринимаются как типичные, другие как пери-ферийные, метафорические. Наиболее прототипи-ческими можно считать случаи, когда кто-то ре-ально, а не только символически, отдает собствен-ную жизнь ради блага других людей, во имя рели-гиозных или моральных принципов. Мифологиче-ские, исторические и антропологические данныесвидетельствуют о том, что прототипы самопо-жертвования это ритуальные самоубийства. Сэтической точки зрения, самопожертвование опи-рается на уже существующие моральные ценности,жертвующий собой делает это во имя этих ценно-стей. Но с антропологической и социологическойточек зрения, возможно, именно ритуал порождаети возобновляет переживание этих ценностей. Ко-гда человек оказывается в ситуации самопожертво-вания и отдает свою жизнь, выжившие участникиритуала сохраняют опыт реальности самопожерт-вования и соответствующих ему ценностей, идей иэмоций., Examples of self-sacrifice from Russian National Corpus were taken in order to get the main meanings of self-sacrifice in Russian culture. There is a family resemblance between them, some of them being typical self-sacrifice, other being just metaphorical. The most prototypical are the cases when somebody not just symbolically but really gives his/her own life for the sake of other people, in the name of religious or moral principles. According to mythological, historical and a anthropological data, that is the ritual suicides that are prototypes of self-sacrifice. Ethical view is that moral values are the reasons of selfsacrifice, that one sacrifices because believe in the values. But anthropologically and sociologically it is the ritual that generates and renews the values. When somebody is in the situation of self-sacrificing and sacrifices his/her life, surviving ritual participants retain the experience of self-sacrifice and related values being real.

Contemporary crime novels often contain detailed literary representations of urban life worlds. These stagings can provide access to city-specific patterns and structures of thought, action and feeling, as well as locally established bodies of knowledge and processes of sense-making. Therefore, their systematic analysis can generate insights into the intrinsic logic of cities. To grasp such patterns on city level a preferably broad empirical basis is needed, but the study of large amounts of literary works poses a methodological challenge. This article presents a mix of methods that permits the analysis of vast quantities of (literary) texts through combining the classical qualitative close reading with elements from computer-aided qualitative content analysis, basic instruments from corpus linguistics and the methodology of distant reading in an iterative research process. It illustrates how to analyze qualitative data also quantitatively and on different levels with regard to social and spatial aspects of the depicted life worlds, thereby showing how novels could be used as data basis for urban sociology and interdisciplinary research questions about the distinctiveness of cities.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-27T11:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013Bitstream added on 2015-04-27T12:08:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1806-9142-2013-19-19-161-180.pdf: 589702 bytes, checksum: 46917224d4b7504529882e106428d149 (MD5) O Brasil foi um dos países que mais se destacou na lista das nações que mais publicam artigos em revistas científicas. De 2007 a 2008, a produção científica brasileira passou da 15ª para 13ª colocação no ranking mundial de artigos publicados em revistas científicas. No entanto, 60% dos artigos publicados pelos brasileiros estão em português, o que faz com que o trabalho brasileiro receba pouca atenção internacional. O objetivo desta pesquisa é construir e analisar um corpus paralelo composto por um livro de Sensoriamento Remoto em Inglês e sua tradução para o Português, a fim de criar um glossário dos termos mais recorrentes na literatura de Sensoriamento Remoto. A consecução destes objetivos será fundamentada no arcabouço teórico-metodológico dos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996; CAMARGO, 2005), Linguística de Corpus (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) e princípios de Terminologia (BARROS, 2004; KRIEGER & FINATTO, 2004). Será utilizado o programa Wordsmith Tools e suas ferramentas. Além do corpus paralelo, também construiremos dois corpora comparáveis compostos por artigos publicados em revistas brasileiras e internacionais da área. Os primeiros resultados mostram que os tradutores fizeram uso de uma maior variação de vocabulário em suas traduções, o que pode ser uma maneira de tornar o texto mais claro para o leitor. Para a análise das entradas do glossário, os profissionais do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, serão consultados e suas opiniões agregadas a esta pesquisa para dar consistência à produção do glossário bilíngue proposto. Brazil was one of the countries that stood out in the list of nations that publishes more articles in scientific journals. From 2007 to 2008, the Brazilian scientific production has moved from 15th to 13rd place in the world ranking published articles in professional journals. However, 60% of articles published by the Brazilians are in Portuguese, which makes the Brazilian work have little international attention. The purpose of this research is to build and analyze a parallel corpus composed of a book of Remote Sensing and its translation in the direction English into Portuguese in order to create a glossary of most recurrent terms in the literature of Remote Sensing. The achievement of these goals will take for theoretical and methodological foundation the Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996; CAMARGO, 2005), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) and principles of Terminology (BARROS, 2004; KRIEGER & FINATTO, 2004). It will also use Wordsmith Tools program and its tools. Besides the parallel corpus, we will also build two comparable corpora respectively from articles published in Brazilian and international journals in the area. The first results show that the translators made use of greater variation of vocabulary in their translations, which can be a way to make the text more clear to the reader. For the analysis of glossary entries, professionals from the National Institute for Space Research - INPE, will be consulted and their views aggregated to this research to give consistency to the production of the proposed bilingual glossary. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Letras Modernas, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, CEP 15054000, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Letras Modernas, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, CEP 15054000, SP, Brasil

The present paper uses the methods of corpus analysis to create a learning environment apt to enhance the reading skills of university students.

This poster presents the latest version of ANNIS2, a web browser-based search and visualization environment designed to access richly annotated corpora with heterogeneous annotation schemes. Developed within Collaborative Research Centre 632 (SFB 632: “Information Structure: The Linguistic Means for Structuring Utterances, Sentences and Texts”), ANNIS (ANNotation of Information Structure) must meet the requirements imposed by diverse data from partner projects within the Research Centre and beyond. Since information structure interacts with linguistic phenomena on many levels, the need to concurrently query and visualize data annotated for syntax, semantics, morphology, prosody, phonetics, referentiality and lexis, must be addressed, including where the data is multimodal. For this reason, ANNIS2 supports annotations of tokens, token spans and trees or other DAGs (directed acyclic graphs), and uses an appropriate query language capable of searching these structures. Both query language and visualizations are fully Unicode compatible to ensure support for a wide variety of non-European languages. The underlying data for the system is annotated using both automatic taggers/parsers and a small set of manual annotation tools: EXMARaLDA (Schmidt 2004), annotate (Brants & Plaehn 2000) / Synpathy (www.lat-mpi.eu/tools/synpathy/), MMAX2 (Müller & Strube 2006), RSTTool (O’Donnell 2000) and PALinkA (Orasan 2003). These are then mapped onto the encoding standard of the SFB, PAULA (Potsdamer AUstauschformat für Linguistische Annotation / Potsdam Interchange Format for Linguistic Annotation), a stand-off multilevel XML format, which serves as the basis for further processing. The XML data is compiled into a relational database scheme, making the system’s backend particularly scalable.

International audience; This article tackle multilingual automatic alignment. Alignment refers to the process by which segments that are translation ofone another are automatically matched. Instead of comparing only pairs of languages at sentence level, as it is usually done toconform to human process in translation. The computer is used here for its capacity to infer semantic alignment from a collection oftexts that are translations of the same content. The corpus contains press releases from Europa, the European Community website,available in up to 23 languages. The alignment process takes advantage of frequency similarity between different linguistic versionsof a document by computing matching features for each repeated string in all versions. This is done to find reliable anchors inthe process of linking versions. The question of the best granularity is raised to bring out some semantic equivalences, whencomparing two linguistic versions, character N-grams or word N-grams. The alignment systems are traditionally based on wordN-grams splitting. The observation of the morphological variety of languages, even inside a single linguistic family, quickly showsthat the word granularity is inadequate to provide a widely multilingual system, i.e. a language independent system able to handleflexional languages as well as positional languages. Instead, when starting from a multilingual collection to focus on pairs of texts,we defend that character N-grams alignment is more efficient than word N-grams alignment.