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This study determined the academic stress level and coping mechanism of the special science curriculum students; the study also identify if there is a significant relationship between these two variables.This study used a Qualitative Design (Grounded Theory Design) using an expert-validated questionnaire. Additionally, descriptive, correlational design using surveys were also used to determine if there is a significant relationship between academic stress and coping mechanisms. This study was conducted at Morong National High School, and the Special Science Curriculum students at the said school acted as the respondents of the study. Total Enumeration Sampling Design was initiated to use in this study to facilitate accuracy in selecting the respondents.With an academic stress level of 1.68 it was confirmed that Special Science Curriculum students are experiencing moderate stress. Additionally with 27.37% of SSC students, “Religious coping” is found the most commonly used Coping Mechanism, and “Substance use” is the least used Coping mechanism having 0% of SSC students using it. Lastly, it has been identified that some coping mechanisms have a significant relationship with the level of academic stress while some are identified as not significant.The Special Science Curriculum Students are confirmed experiencing moderate stress in their schoolwork and activities. It has also been found that “Religious coping” is the most used coping mechanism and “Substance used” is the least used coping mechanism. Lastly, it’s been identified that some of the coping mechanisms have a significant relationship with the level of academic stress while some are identified as not significant.

The main objective of the study was to determine the challenges of the secondary school teachers and coping mechanisms in Modular Distance Learning in Loon Districts. The study also sought answers on the difference between the profile such as sex, age, educational attainment, type of school connected and years of teaching of the respondents and the challenges of the secondary school teachers and coping mechanisms. The descriptive-correlational survey method was utilized using the adopted questionnaire for data gathering, and measurement. The locale of the study was all public and private secondary school teachers in Loon North and South District, Loon, Bohol. The participants included two hundred (200) teachers. The statistical tools used in the study were percentage, weighted mean, chi square of independence and Pearson’s product moment correlation. The findings showed that there was no significant difference between challenges and coping mechanisms in relation to sex, age, educational attainment, type of school connected and years of teaching profile of the teachers. It was found out that there was no significant difference between the challenges and coping mechanisms of the respondents in terms of their profile. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation between the challenges and coping mechanisms in modular distance learning in terms of positive well-being, time management, openness to change, and peer mentoring while no significant correlation between the challenges of the secondary school teachers and coping mechanisms in terms of collaboration. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation between the overall challenges and overall coping mechanisms of teachers in modular distance learning. It was concluded that better or strong application of coping mechanisms, the lesser challenges of the teachers experienced in Modular Distance Learning. It was recommended that formulating action plan for coping mechanisms in meeting the challenges of Modular Distance Learning can be a great help for the teachers to continue to provide quality education to the students amidst the global pandemic.

This study determines the level of knowledge on mental health issues and problems and coping mechanisms in the new normal among elementary teachers. The descriptive-correlational design was employed, and 220 respondents were included in the study. Elementary teachers have a moderate level of knowledge on mental health issues and problems, sometimes experienced personal stressors, and always cope through religiosity. Teachers’ level of knowledge on mental health issues and problems about precipitating and triggering factors vary in terms of age and sex but do not vary according to their educational attainment. A significant relationship exists between teachers’ knowledge on mental health issues, problems, and coping mechanisms.

This study was conducted to explore the different challenges encountered by teenage mothers and how they cope with those challenges as the bases for policy recommendations. This included the teenage mothers of Sta. Josefa National High School- Senior High in the School Year 2021-2022. The exploration focused on the challenges that teenage mothers encounter after giving birth, and the coping mechanism they employed. A qualitative phenomenological research method was employed with the use of in-depth unstructured interviews as well as participant observation in data gathering. A phenomenological method is appropriate in this study since it explored the real-life experiences and in-depth collection of information report from the case themes (Creswell, 2013). The findings showed that the challenges encountered by teenage mothers are: financial problem, difficulty in taking care of the baby, inability to planning and decision making, social stigma, and family conflict. The coping mechanisms they used are: thriving hard by utilizing opportunities, accepting the reality, relying from the support from the family, and having pride of being a mother. Based on the results, the following were recommended: strengthen school’s symposia on teenage pregnancy, strengthen parents’ orientation, strengthen school support programs, strengthen reproductive health education, strengthen adopt–a–student program, and strengthen the school, BLGU, and LGU linkages.

This study explored the phenomenon of the school heads handling stress. Specifically, it examined their lived experiences with their job, the common stressors, how they take the stress; and the best practices which were drawn from managing stress. This study was conducted using a face-to-face interview with the sixteen school heads with experience in handling stress. After careful data analysis using Colaizzi’s method, findings revealed four major themes: instructional leadership, administrative management, stressors, and coping mechanisms, along with 14 core ideas and 183 significant statements. The CPs' encounter with stress and how they handle it provides some implications: noting that the major responsibility of a school head is to conduct instructional supervision through classroom observation where technical assistance is being provided; stress is normal, and it is already a part of everyone's life, their experiences vary and depends on their situation; novice school heads tend to struggle during their adjustment period; they still need to express their concerns about their job to their immediate superior and the superior's support should always be present and above all, faith in GOD should always be kept in everything anybody does.

This study aimed to determine the students' feedback and challenges encountered on modular distance learning and its relationship to their academic performance in Science from the different schools of Alamada North Cotabato during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study used the descriptive-correlational research design. The respondents of the study were grade 8 students of Alamada. The data gathered from the survey questionnaire were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Based on the findings of the study, it is found that the respondents have positive feedback on the use of modular distance learning in terms of the module content, strategies, learning activities, and assessments; they Sometimes experienced challenges like a lack of internet connection to supplement their readings, too many household chores and difficulty in staying motivated on the use of Modular Distance Learning. There is no significant difference in the feedback in utilizing modular distance learning when categorized according to age, sex, and monthly income. There is no significant relationship between feedback and the academic performances of the respondents in terms of strategies, learning activities, and assessments. However, module content is significantly related to their academic performance.

The main objective of this study was to determine the personality traits, work- related mental health stressors, and coping mechanisms of Tomas Cabili National High School teachers in the new normal during the School Year 2021 – 2022. A descriptive-correlational method was used. There were 68 respondents for this study, a complete enumeration of the school’s whole teaching force. The research instrument was composed of three parts: the personality traits which were adopted from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) Big-Five Factors Markers developed by Goldberg; the work-related mental stressors adopted from the Health and Security and Executive (HSE) Management Standards (2019); and the coping mechanisms adopted from Ways of Coping Checklist (WCCL) of Lazarus and Folkman. Frequency and percentage distribution, average- weighted value, and Pearson product-moment correlation were used in the analysis of data. The consolidated results of the study revealed that most of the respondents’ personality trait was conscientiousness. Their primary source of work-related mental stressors was on demands and their most preferred coping mechanism for stress was positive re-appraisal. Based on the gathered data, a personality traits and stress management program was proposed.

The study focuses on the exploration of the challenges experienced by some women in men-dominated societal spaces, specifically in the household and workplace in the municipality of Midsayap, North Cotabato, Philippines. The 5 participants were identified through non-probability sampling, specifically purposive sampling. The study employed qualitative research, specifically narratology. The result showed that most of the participants experienced gender inequality and discrimination. However, the coping mechanisms of the participants just as respect verbally expressing their opinions, and ignoring people’s negative comments helped them to excel and have their capabilities visible in the community. The study exhibited evident manifestations of discrimination, gender stereotyping, and gender inequality. Thus, the study enlivens awareness of the underlying realities of women even in this new era.

The main goal of this study was to characterize the respondents who work as online English teachers in Lanao del Norte in terms of their age, gender, civil status, field of specialization, monthly income, employment status, length of service as online English teachers, career before working as an online English teacher, and the seminars, workshops, and training they attended; the reasons for teaching English online; the difficulties encountered in teaching in the online environment; and the solutions found. The descriptive-correlational research design was used in this study to highlight the difficulties and coping mechanisms faced by the 30 respondents when teaching English online. The analysis of the data revealed no significant correlation between the factors motivating online English teachers and their difficulties, nor was there any correlation between their coping strategies and those difficulties. An action plan was put up to address the difficulties faced by the online English teacher and facilitate an easier and more efficient teaching process.

Providing palliative care can be both challenging and rewarding. It involves emotionally demanding work and yet research shows that burnout is lower than in other fields of health care. Spontaneous expressions of gratitude from patients and family members are not uncommon and are highly valued. This study explored the experience of Spanish palliative professionals who received expressions of gratitude from their patients and families. A phenomenological approach was used to better understand the role of receiving gratitude in participants’ lives. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and a phenomenological approach to analysis was undertaken using macro-thematic and micro-thematic reflection. Two team members independently engaged in this reflection with an inductive approach. The analysis was shared and discussed at periodic meetings to identify the key themes and sub-themes of the gratitude experience. Ten palliative professionals were interviewed. Participants engaged in a process of recognizing, internalizing, and treasuring the expressions of gratitude which they then used for reflection and growth. These expressions were a powerful and deeply meaningful resource that the palliative professionals revisited over time. Receiving expressions of gratitude invited a stronger sense of the value of one’s self and one’s work that was motivational and protective, particularly during challenging times.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) placed healthcare professionals (HCPs) at a higher risk for stress-related conditions. Implementing a brief online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) was hypothesised to transform the HCPs' ability to cope with stress by enhancing their self-care. AIM: This study aimed to explore the impact of an online MBI on HCPs' self-care practices and determine if personality traits were a moderating variable. SETTING: An online MBI was implemented for HCPs working in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. METHODS: A quantitative study design included a pre-assessment and post-assessment component, which allowed paired comparison and regression analysis to confer correlations. Data were collected via two validated instruments: the Mindful Self-Care scale-2018 and the Big Five Personality test RESULTS: Forty-nine HCPs participated in the study. Significant improvements were found in all the major self-care subscales post-intervention (p < 0.05). No significant associations were found between the personality traits and self-care except for neuroticism, which appeared to be an essential moderating variable. CONCLUSION: An online MBI significantly impacted health professionals' ability to care for themselves, despite their personality styles. CONTRIBUTION: The impact of an online MBI on HCPs' self-care during the most intense time of stress and with a cohort of people known to be the most vulnerable to stress, namely those with neuroticism to date, has not been commented on.

Anyone who desires to improve their standard of living, alleviate poverty, and have an opportunity over others regarding employment and profession needs to receive an education. However, there are various struggles that students encounter in their journey. Thus, this qualitative study scrutinized the financial challenges of grade 11 students and how they cope with them. Twelve (12) informants eligible to participate in the study were interviewed through focus group discussion (FGD). In utilizing Colaizzi’s method, three themes emerged, and these are (1) Insufficient amount of daily allowance, (2) Relying on one income, and (3) Prioritization of Wants over Needs. Most informants revealed that they only have an average daily budget of fifty pesos, with almost half of that amount going toward transportation expenses, forcing them to forgo buying food for their snacks. Also, relying on one source of income is seen as a financial challenge because some of the informants have siblings who are also enrolled in school, necessitating them to take on side jobs to supplement their income. They prioritize their wants over their necessities, another noteworthy response from the informants. They assert that they must change their perspective and put personal needs before personal wants when making financial decisions. The researchers concluded that teachers should spend some time engaging in in-depth dialogues with their students and giving them a variety of inquiries about their lives and daily activities.

This study revolves around the encounters of teenagers regarding body shaming. Specifically, the study determines the teenagers' coping mechanisms and their insights on body shaming. The purpose of this study is to highlight the detrimental role of body shaming among teenagers, which is consistent with the fact that it frequently causes low self-esteem, low body dissatisfaction, and depressive symptoms among teenagers in the Municipality of Midsayap. Purposive sampling was used, including six teenagers selected per sex category, living in the Municipality of Midsayap, aged 13-19. This study utilized a qualitative research design through one- on-one interviews, specifically phenomenological. Data were analyzed through the thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke (2006) . Study showed that insecurities about body weight, unhealthy eating habits, insulting comments, low self-esteem, mental health issues, and distracted academic responsibilities were the challenges encountered by teenagers. Moreover, it was also revealed that teenagers cope with challenges by embracing themselves, seeking help to lose weight, unwinding, avoiding social media, and unhealthy eating habits and sleep schedules. In addition, results showed that ceasing body shaming, being sensitive, minding one's own body, and building one's self-confidence were the insights of teenagers on body shaming as a victim of it. The study's findings led the researchers to conclude that body shaming can damage and leave lifelong trauma to the teenager's mental, physical, and social well-being. With the presented information, programs relating to

The COVID-19 outbreak has forced the government to implement strict quarantine protocols in our country. As a result, social interaction has been limited especially among college students. Due to this fact, the researchers conducted this study to explore the personal experiences of college students of University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao on prolonged social deprivation, and to determine the different coping mechanisms they employed during the pandemic. A qualitative research design was utilized in the current study which employed Phenomenological Interpretative Research. Through purposive sampling, a total of 20 college students from different programs and departments participated in this study. The data were gathered by engaging in an online interview with the use of open-ended questions. The results revealed seven (7) major recurring themes when it comes to the experiences of the students with prolonged social deprivation which include: (1) Academic-Related Experiences; (2) Interpersonal-Related Experiences; (3) Personal-Related Experiences; (4) Anxiety-Related Symptoms; (5) Depressive Symptomatology; (6) Stress; and (7) Behavioral Improvement. Meanwhile, five (5) major themes for coping strategies were revealed by the students which include: (1) Recreational Activities and Use of Social Media; (2) Spiritual Related Activities;(3) Interpersonal-Related Activities: (4) Intrapersonal-Related Activities; and (5) Distraction Method. In conclusion, this study highlights that experiencing social deprivation in the midst of a pandemic can cause challenges and problems affecting the different aspects of the students’ lives, which can be detrimental to their mental health and well-being. However, by employing different coping strategies, the students were able to maintain their well-being amidst the pandemic.

An umbrella review (review of reviews) will be performed on the topic of stress and stressors experienced and coping mechanisms used by parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

The development and implementation of programs in public secondary schools is largely handled by non-teaching personnel. The management of the school put the non-teaching employees at the school to provide support services for running the institution. This study aimed to investigate and scrutinize the different challenges, coping mechanisms, and innovative strategies with regards to the improvement of the administrative management system in the selected public schools of Agusan del Sur Division, Philippines, during the academic year 2021–2022, given the present time of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive-survey research design, with a total sample population of 27 out of the selected public secondary schools in Agusan del Sur. The survey questionnaire was distributed using a Google Form. To test the relationships between the variables, the study was analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient. Based on the findings, non-teaching respondents to the conduct survey were asked how they coped with the "challenging environment due to the health crisis." The respondents effectively agreed that they needed a salary increase to support their needs or other relevant finances, which was an effective coping mechanism and strategy. Furthermore, it has been recommended that the non-teaching staff promotion process should have terms and conditions established by the school administration to ensure that those who deserve it are promoted.

Peer reviewed: True, Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the data collection and data management teams at MRC Gambia/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The Gambia., The Covid pandemic has exposed fissures of inequality through heightened food insecurity and nutritional deficiency for vulnerable social cohorts with limited coping mechanisms. Given the multi-dimensional pathways through which its effects have been felt, several researchers have highlighted the need to analyse the pandemic in specific contexts. Using random and fixed effect regression models, this study analyzed longitudinal survey data collected from 103 Mandinka households in rural and urban Gambia. The study employed convenience and snowball sampling and involved the monthly collection of detailed income, food consumption, expenditure, sourcing, migration, health, and coping mechanism data through mobile phone interviews which yielded 676 observations. Food insecurity was manifest in terms of quality, not quantity, and spread unevenly across food types and households. Dietary outcomes and sourcing strategies were associated with location, improved sanitation, household size, changes in monthly income, Covid policy stringency, and Covid cases but these associations varied by food group. Staples were the most frequently consumed food group, and dark green vegetables were the least. Rural communities were more likely to eat more healthy millets but much less likely to consume dairy products or roots and tubers. Access to own production was also important for Vitamin A-rich foods but higher incomes and markets were key for protein and heme-iron-rich foods. Tighter Covid policy stringency was negatively associated with dietary diversity and, along with fear of market hoarding, was positively associated with reliance on a range of consumption and production coping mechanisms. Resilience was higher in larger households and those with improved water and sanitation. The number of Covid cases was associated with higher consumption of protein-rich foods and greater reliance on own produced iron-rich foods. Very few households received Government aid and those that did already had access to other income sources. Our findings suggest that the nature of food insecurity may have evolved over time during the pandemic. They also reiterate not only the importance of access to markets and employment but also that the capacity to absorb affordability shocks and maintain food choices through switching between sources for specific nutritious food groups varied by household and location.

Identification of root causes and associated impacts of land fragmentation is necessary to reduce future fragmentation and mitigate its impacts. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the causes and impacts of land fragmentation in a purposively selected coastal Upazila (sub-district) of Bangladesh. This study is carried out mainly based on the collected information from the individual representative of the selected 133 households. It discloses that most of the households observed the land fragmentation during their possession because of rapid population growth and breaking the joint/extended families into nuclear families. In fact, land fragmentation can increase or decrease a particular land use type. However, the results of this research confirm that there are no significant (p >0.07, based on the number of households) associations found between increasing and decreasing homestead land. In contrast, the number of households with cropland significantly (p

University students often experience both internal and external demands related to their studies. Though these demands may not be crucial for students’ success, how students cope with them can have major effects on student life, academic success, relationships, as well as overall well-being. Previous literature indicates gender differences in both frequencies and the use of different types of stress coping mechanisms among students. For example, Graves et al. (2021) study reported in a sample of undergraduate college students, that women’s coping styles were more emotion-focused than men towards the end of the semester. Similar results were reported by Eisenbarth in her 2019 study of college students. Women coped with stress using more emotional and instrumental support, while men engaged more in the use of humor (Eisenbarth, 2019). Furthermore, Anbumalar et al. (2017) stated that men have been found to use more maladaptive behaviors to cope with stress (i.e. alcohol, unhealthy eating, etc.), compared to women. Women were reported to use help-seeking behavior and social support to a higher degree than men (Anbumalar et al., 2017). Maladaptive and avoidance coping mechanisms for stress have been associated with depression. Social support, exercising, and identifying causes of stress, on the other hand, have been found to enhance well-being, which proves effective coping mechanisms for stress (Anbumalar et al., 2017). Psychological measurements of how students cope with academic demands and stress can improve the university’s understanding of students’ needs and difficulties, in turn, reinforce beneficial coping styles for students. Previous supports for gender differences show that the importance of managing students’ academic demands and stress is a diverse topic of conversation. Our study aims to look into gender differences in stress coping mechanisms related to academic demands among university students in Sweden. Suldo et al. (2015) developed the Coping with Academic Demands Scale (CADS) to measure coping for high school students pursuing advanced curricula. We will in our study apply the CADS scale, 58 items with 16 factors, in a university setting. We have adjusted items on the scale to fit university students.

On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation invaded Ukraine, starting a military conflict that soon turned into a full-scale war. The Romanians have been actively involved in helping their neighbors, causing the accumulation of emotional and mental pressure upon the Romanian population exposed to such a close military conflict. This cross-sectional study assessed, through an online survey (1586 adult Romanian residents), the primary coping mechanisms, quality of life and anxiety levels in response to the psychological trauma associated with the Russo—Ukrainian war. Based on the results, focusing on and venting emotions along with behavioral disengagement were the coping strategies that had the strongest negative impact on anxiety and well-being. On the other hand, positive reinterpretation and growth were associated with less anxiety, a higher degree of overall health and better quality of life. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to be performed among the Romanian population so far. Thus, we equip mental health practitioners with the tools (real-life evidence data) that will allow them to establish a more meaningful doctor—patient relationship, maximizing therapy results.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory dermatosis with vast psychosocial burden. The objective of this study is to thoroughly analyze satisfaction with life (SWL) and coping strategies of HS patients in relation to the clinical and psychosocial factors. Methods: 114 HS patients (53.1% females; mean age 36.6 ± 13.1 years) were enrolled. Severity of the disease was measured using Hurley staging and International HS Score System (IHS4). Instruments utilized: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS); Coping-Orientation to Problems-Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE); HS Quality of Life Scale (HiSQoL); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7); General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: SWL was low in 31.6% of HS patients. No relation was found between SWL and Hurley staging and IHS4. SWL correlated with GHQ-28 (r = −0.579 p < 0.001), PHQ-9 (r = −0.603 p < 0.001), GAD-7 (r = −0.579 p < 0.001), and HiSQoL (r = −0.449 p < 0.001). Problem-focused coping strategies were most commonly used, followed by emotion-focused coping and avoiding coping strategies. Significant differences were found between the following coping strategies and SWL: self-distraction (p = 0.013), behavioral-disengagement (p = 0.001), denial (p = 0.003), venting (p = 0.019), and self-blame (p = 0.001). Conclusions: HS patients present low SWL which correlates with psychosocial burden. Reducing anxiety–depression comorbidity and encouraging optimal coping strategies may be of great importance in holistic approach to HS patients.

Objective:To investigate the perceived effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown measures on food availability, accessibility, dietary practices and strategies used by participants to cope with these measures.Design:We conducted a cross-sectional multi-country online survey between May and July 2020. We used a study-specific questionnaire mainly based on the adaptation of questions to assess food security and coping strategies from the World Food Programme’s ‘Emergency Food Security Assessment’ and ‘The Coping Strategy Index’.Setting:The questionnaire was hosted online using Google Forms and shared using social media platforms.Participants:A total of 1075 adult participants from eighty-two countries completed the questionnaire.Results:As a prelude to COVID-19 lockdowns, 62·7 % of the participants reported to have stockpiled food, mainly cereals (59·5 % of the respondents) and legumes (48·8 %). An increase in the prices of staples, such as cereals and legumes, was widely reported. Price increases have been identified as an obstacle to food acquisition by 32·7 % of participants. Participants reported having lesser variety (50·4 %), quality (30·2 %) and quantity (39·2 %) of foods, with disparities across regions. Vulnerable groups were reported to be facing some struggle to acquire adequate food, especially people with chronic diseases (20·2 %), the elderly (17·3 %) and children (14·5 %). To cope with the situation, participants mostly relied on less preferred foods (49 %), reduced portion sizes (30 %) and/or reduced the number of meals (25·7 %).Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted food accessibility and availability, altered dietary practices and worsened the food insecurity situation, particularly in the most fragile regions.

Researchers have observed differences in stress levels, and coping abilities and mechanisms based on the community being studied. This paper reports on the impact of extracurricular activities and student communities on stress and coping for youth in the Seattle area. Various self-reports, distributed through school health teachers, were used to gain information on students' stress levels, coping mechanisms, and coping ability. Results indicate that general categorizations of communities and activities (music, sports, etc.) did not demonstrate a significant correlation with students' stress or coping levels. Correlations between stress and coping were found, as were correlations between stress and coping and the number of communities/activities that students were involved in. Results provide insight into how students' activity loads impact their stress and coping levels more than the specific activities they are involved in and open the door to further research in the field.

In this contribution, using a case-study approach, we focus on the assassination of Ján Kuciak and his fiancée and explore the impact and consequences that it had on the community of investigative journalists in Slovakia. By conducting a series of semi-structured interviews with top investigative journalists (N = 12), we seek to answer two questions: How have they coped with the murder of their colleague? And, how has this incident changed their everyday journalistic practices and routines when it comes to achieving and maintaining safety? We identified 12 coping actions which, based on their function, were organised into five higher order families of coping: emotional purging; sharing and support seeking; avoidance and displacement; defiance and defence; and spreading the legacy and giving meaning to the tragedy. Regarding safety and security practices, the journalists claim that their approach has fundamentally changed. A variety of measures to stay safe, both online and offline, were adopted both on the organisational and on the individual level. However, many of these measures are not used consistently, mostly because they are not deemed necessary when covering non-sensitive topics, but also because of their impracticality in everyday journalistic work, and sceptical and fatalistic approach of the journalists to safety.

In spite of a great relevance of the Common EU Asylum System (CEAS) for the whole, still ongoing, EU migration crisis, few academic research focuses on the CEAS implementation at national level and/or in comparative perspective. This explorative study aims to fill this exact gap offering, through a crucial case study perspective, up-to-date data on the CEAS implementation in Italy. The focus of the article is on the judicial stage through which asylum seekers appellate the rejection decisions taken (in first instance) by the governmental administrative bodies at territorial level. In fact, the Italian asylum procedure has been modified in 2017 setting up specialized sections, within the Italian lower courts, dealing with migration issues. Such specialized sections have gradually become crucial institutions in implementing the CEAS in Italy. Here, adopting the Street Level Bureaucracy (SLB) perspective, the study aims to disentangle the margin and the use of discretion (coping mechanisms, strategies and perception of their job) adopted by Italian judges dealing with international protection. The paper aims also to show the added value of adopting such an original perspective, discussing the potential implications of judges behavioural discretion in terms of policy goals and potential impact on asylum seeker rights.

Probation officers (POs) operate in a high-risk environment. They are vulnerable to mediatic and political backlash and are confronted with managerial innovations that can conflict with their values. A thematic analysis of 29 interviews with Belgian POs reveals that classical coping mechanisms caused by time shortages, such as rationing and prioritization, are amplified by managerialism. POs also break rules which present limited meaningfulness and routinize offender control to alleviate pressure from accountabilities to both managers and the general public. The study demonstrates that managerialism and accountabilities to the managers, the public, and the politicians model coping mechanisms in high-risk environments.

Background: A vast amount of research has demonstrated the numerous adverse health risks of short sleep duration and poor sleep health among the general population, and increasing studies have been conducted among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. However, although poor sleep health is disproportionately experienced by sexual and gender minority populations, little research has examined sleep quality and associated factors among transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) individuals. This study qualitatively explored the relationship that factors such as gender identity, mental health, and substance use have with sleep health among a sample of TGNB individuals in New York City. Methods: Forty in-depth interviews were conducted among an ethnically diverse sample who identified as transgender male, transgender female, and gender nonbinary from July to August 2017. All interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed for domains affecting overall sleep, including mental health, gender identity, and various coping mechanisms to improve overall sleep. Results: TGNB interview participants frequently described one or more problems with sleeping. Some (15%) participants suggested that mental health issues caused them to have difficulty falling asleep, but that psychiatric medication was effective in reducing mental health issues and allowing them to sleep. An even larger number (35%) told us that their gender identity negatively impacted their sleep. Specifically, participants described that the presence of breasts, breast binding, stress and anxiety about their identity, and concerns about hormonal therapy and gender-affirming surgery were all reported as contributing to sleep problems. Given these sleep challenges, it is not surprising that most (60%) participants used various strategies to cope with and manage their sleep problems, including prescription and over-the-counter sleep medications (33%) and marijuana (18%). Conclusions: Our findings document that sleep health is frequently an issue for TGNB individuals, and they also offer insight into the various ways that TGNB individuals attempt to cope with these sleep problems. Sleep health promotion interventions should be developed for TGNB people, which would promote positive mental health, reduce the risk of pharmaceutical adverse events, and help alleviate psychosocial stress in this target population.

The present research investigated children and adolescents’ explicit and spontaneous representation of the COVID-19 pandemic and their related emotions, cognitions, and coping strategies. We explored the self-reported protective factors and coping mechanisms, in addition to similar attributional emotional experiences, i.e., the ways participants evaluated others’ pandemic experiences. Our sample consisted of 155 children and adolescents aged 10 to 13 (M = 10.70, SD = 0.85, 56.1% females). We designed a 12-item survey and analyzed our data using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Our findings suggested that most children and adolescents associated masks with the thought of the novel coronavirus, and the most frequently associated emotion was sadness (45.2%), followed by fear (17.4%). Generally, participants reported a medium level of perceived adverse effects of the pandemic, mainly because their regular physical school classes moved to the online setting. We also found a significant association between children’s self-reported levels of harmful effects of the pandemic and perceived adverse effects on their families. Most participants expressed their dissatisfaction concerning online school classes, primarily due to poor online interaction. In our sample, the children and adolescents reported positive thoughts and family relationships as their primary coping mechanisms during the pandemic, suggesting similar perceived coping mechanisms in the others around them. Finally, more than half of the participants considered that the COVID-19 pandemic had no positive effects, while 40% considered the increased time spent with their families the primary positive consequences following the COVID-19 health crisis. Results are discussed regarding their implications concerning healthcare, social, and educational policies.

Las Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia (ACEs) son un factor de riesgo para múltiples patologías tanto físicas como psicológicas, y pueden conllevar la adopción de estrategias de riesgo como el consumo de drogas, las conductas transgresoras, u otro tipo de mecanismo de afrontamiento como la creencia religiosa. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar cómo influyen las ACEs en la adopción de diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento, en concreto: consumo de sustancias, fracaso escolar, creencias religiosas y alistamiento en el ejército. Los participantes, 490 jóvenes de entre 18 y 20 años, respondieron al cuestionario de Experiencias Adversas Infantiles (abuso, negligencia y disfunciones en el hogar), así como a diferentes preguntas sobre las variables de estudio. Los resultados indicaron que las estrategias de afrontamiento variaban en función del tipo de experiencia adversa sufrida. Por ejemplo, el abuso se asociaba con el consumo de drogas, la negligencia, con el fracaso escolar y las disfunciones en el hogar, con la perdida de religiosidad. En conclusión, parecen existir diferentes mecanismos de afrontamiento en función del tipo de maltrato específico, lo que puede permitir una actuación y detección mucho más temprana y eficiente por parte de los profesionales. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are a risk factor for multiple physical and psychological pathologies, which can lead to the adoption of risky strategies such as drug and alcohol use, deviant behaviours, or other coping mechanisms such as religious beliefs. Thus, the main objective of this study is to analyse how ACEs influence the adoption of different coping strategies, specifically: substance use, school failure, religious beliefs, and enlistment in the army. Participants were 490 young people between 18 and 20 years old, who responded to the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire (abuse, neglect, and household dysfunctions), as well as to different questions about the study variables. The results indicated that coping strategies varied according to the type of adverse experience suffered. For example, abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual) was associated with drug use, neglect (physical and emotional) with school failure and dysfunction at home (alcoholic family member, domestic violence, etc.), with loss of religiosity. In conclusion, there seem to be different coping mechanisms depending on the specific type of maltreatment, which may allow for much earlier and more efficient action and detection by professionals.

Literature is part of English as Second Language (ESL) teaching where students may find ways to better understand themselves and different things happening in their society. This study aimed to analyze the content of the postcolonial novel "An Artist of the Floating World" by the 2017 Nobel Prize for Literature awardee, Kazuo Ishiguro, for its depiction of coping mechanisms from cultural displacement. The qualitative research design and content analysis were used to systematically analyze the text. It was found that cultural displacement creates stress, fear, distress, and at some extreme levels, trauma. Displaced people may have varied attitudes toward these that led to coping. The coping mechanisms in the novel were minimizing and denying, repressing emotions, communicating and seeking support from family and friends, going into healthy habits, giving time for hobbies, and respecting the views and opinions of others. The study recommends a short story and drama also be explored for the same topics. Moreover, literature dealing with cultural displacement could be included in the reading lists of literature courses. The analysis would be the input for proposed supplementary learning and teaching material on cultural displacement to Filipino College students, particularly for BSED English majors, which could be used in Teaching Children and Adolescent Literature, Survey of Philippine Literature in English, and most particularly in Survey of Afro-Asian Literature.

The aim of this study was to analyze coping mechanisms and their psychological aspects during the treatment of neoplastic prostate hyperplasia. We have analyzed strategies and styles of coping with stress and self-esteem of patients diagnosed with neoplastic prostate hyperplasia. A total of 126 patients were included in the study. Standardized psychological questionnaires were used to determine the type of coping strategy by using the Stress Coping Inventory MINI-COPE, while a coping style questionnaire was used to assess the type of coping style by using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS). The SES Self-Assessment Scale was used to measure the level of self-esteem. Patients using adaptive strategies of coping with stress in the form of active coping, seeking support and planning had higher self-esteem. However, the use of maladaptive coping strategies in the form of self-blame was found to cause a significant decrease in patients’ self-esteem. The study has also shown the choice of a task-based coping style to positively influence one’s self-esteem. An analysis related to patients’ age and coping methods revealed younger patients, up to 65 years of age, using adaptive strategies of coping with stress to have a higher level of self-esteem than older patients using similar strategies. The results of this study show that older patients, despite the use of adaptation strategies, have lower self-esteem. This group of patients should receive special care both from family and medical staff. The obtained results support the implementation of holistic care for patients, using psychological interventions to improve patients’ quality of life. Early psychological consultation and mobilization of patients’ personal resources may allow patients to change stress coping methods towards more adaptive forms.

Background: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world leads to a series of modifications of several National Health Service organizations, with a potential series of psychological consequences among nurses.Methods: This study was undertaken to assess the psychological stress, anxiety factors, and coping mechanisms of critical care unit nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and the convenience sample consisted of 469 nurses working at several hospitals in Saudi Arabia during the period from July to September 2020. This study used the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Coping Mechanism, and Nursing Stress scale.Results: Interestingly, more than one-third and one-quarter of the studied nurses had severe and moderate anxiety levels, respectively. In addition, the most anxiety-causing factors included providing care for their infected colleagues and worrying about infecting their families. More than one-quarter and slightly less than half of the studied nurses had high and moderate stress levels, respectively. Furthermore, more than half of the participants had low coping mechanisms and one-quarter had moderate coping mechanisms. In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between anxiety and stress levels, and there was a strong negative correlation between coping mechanisms and stress and anxiety levels.Conclusions: Collectively, this study explored the psychological stress, anxiety factors, and coping mechanisms among critical care unit nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Continuous educational programs for nurses on using coping mechanisms should be developed in combination with teaching preventive measures for defining a psychological intervention plan within a mandatory occupational health surveillance program. This study recommends that constructive planning and necessary provision of supportive measures by the legal authorities and policymakers protect nurses and minimize their psychological stress to fulfill high-quality nursing care.

Exposure to the traumatic experiences of others can lead to secondary traumatization (STS), a condition comprising trauma-related symptoms. There is a lack of evidence on efficient ways to mitigate STS among professionals working with refugees, who are secondarily exposed to traumatic content. This study examines the latent structure of coping mechanisms and explores the predictive power of coping strategies for STS in a sample of professionals working with refugees. A total of 288 participants (age: M = 34.01, SD = 10.03; 57.3% female) working with refugees completed the COPE Inventory and Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Factor analysis of the COPE Inventory showed that coping mechanisms are grouped around four interrelated factors—Problem-focused, Socially supported emotion-focused, Avoidant, and Passive coping—which accounted for 46.7% of the variance. The regression model showed that Avoidant coping positively predicts negative alterations in cognition, mood, and reactivity (NACMR) and intrusions, and Passive coping was positively associated with NACMR and avoidance. Problem-focused coping was related to lower NACMR and avoidance, while Socially supported emotion-focused coping was not associated with any of the STS symptoms. In total, coping factors accounted for 10.8%, 6.3%, and 4.3% of the variance of NACMR, intrusions, and avoidance, respectively. The study provides a foundation for programs to mitigate STS among professionals working with refugees.

Introduction: Learning that a couple has HIV-discordant results can create tensions in the relationship including separation. We explored the coping mechanisms of HIV-discordant, heterosexual couples enrolled in an HIV self-testing (HIVST) intervention trial in Central Uganda.Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was nested within a pilot HIVST intervention trial targeting pregnant women and their male partners in central Uganda. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 individuals from 13 HIV-discordant couples between July and September 2018; 18 months after the end of the main trial. Data were collected on the couples' initial reactions after learning about their HIV-discordant status, mechanisms adopted by couples to cope with HIV-discordance, and suggestions on how couples in similar situations can be supported. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed manually following a thematic framework approach.Findings: Of the 13 HIV-discordant couples, the female partner was HIV-positive (M–F+) in seven, while the male partner was HIV-positive (F–M+) in six. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 32.6 (±6.4) years and participants had stayed together for an average of 5.5 (±3.6) years. Fourteen participants from nine couples already knew about their HIV-discordant status by the time they participated in the HIVST trial. After learning about their HIV-discordant status, most individuals (15) thought of abandoning their relationship; three (3) thought of committing suicide. To cope with HIV-discordance, some couples reported that they sought professional counselling support from healthcare providers, and this was particularly true for couples that were already aware of their HIV-discordant status by the time they participated in the HIVST trial. However, new couples that learnt about their HIV-discordant status after participating in the trial reported that they sought psycho-social support from friends or relatives. In the majority of cases, couples reported that they reduced the frequency of sex or abstained from sex. Some couples temporarily separated from their partners, while a few others resorted to using condoms to reduce HIV infection risk.Conclusion: Couples used a variety of approaches to cope with HIV-discordance. Study findings underscore the importance of ongoing professional counselling and psycho-social support in helping couples to cope with HIV-discordance.

The study has been designed to investigate how floods affect primary education in the flood plains in Zambia. Both qualitative phenomenological and quantitative comparative methods were used for the study. Two communities with primary school going children (those affected by floods and those not affected by floods within a 5 years period) were investigated and compared. It was found out that children in the flood plains compared to those in the upper land have low net school enrolment, the rate of repeating classes is high, dropout rate is high and performance in national examination is low. This will affect human capital and development in the flood plain environment in the long run.

Background: Families of the mental health care users (MHCUs) face different challenges in dealing with, supporting and caring for MHCUs on a daily basis. The divergent coping mechanisms that the family members use aim to lower the negative, psychological and emotional impact of the stress. These include: escape, avoidance and denial. Aim: To explore, describe and contextualise coping mechanisms used by the families of MHCUs and to suggest recommendations for improving their coping mechanisms in Mahikeng sub-district, North West province (NWP), South Africa. Setting: The study was conducted in three community health centres in Mahikeng sub-district, NWP, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative-exploratory-descriptive and contextual research design was used. Non-probability convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to select participants. WhatsApp video calls were used to collect data which were analysed following Creswell’s six steps of qualitative data analysis. Results: The study established three themes namely; challenges experienced by the family members, coping mechanism used by the family members, and suggestions for improvement in the coping mechanisms for the family members. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the family members of MHCUs are faced with different challenges. Some of the coping mechanisms used by the family members are insufficient and require improvement to enable them to cope effectively. When the coping mechanisms of the family members of MHCUs are improved, their well-being and that of the MHCUs might improve significantly. Contribution : The findings of this study provides information that may be used to improve the coping mechanisms of the families of MHCUs in the NWP, South Africa.

The study aimed to understand the nature and context of mental health stigma among people living with a mental health condition and the subsequent effect on their caregivers. Semi-structured qualitative face to face interviews were conducted by trained mental healthcare professionals with mental health service users (n = 26) and caregivers (n = 24) in private rooms at a tertiary health facility, where service users were admitted. Following transcription and translation, data was analysed using framework analysis. There was limited knowledge about their mental health diagnosis by service users and generally low mental health literacy among service users and caregivers. Mental health service users reported experiences of stigma from their own families and communities. Caregivers reported withholding the patient’s diagnosis from the community for fear of being stigmatised, and this fear of stigma carries the risk of negatively affecting care treatment-seeking. Limited mental health knowledge, coupled with a high prevalence of perceived family and community stigma among caregivers and service users, impedes the capacity of caregivers to effectively cope in supporting their family members living with mental illness. There is a need for interventions to provide psychoeducation, reduce community stigma, and support coping strategies for caregivers and people with mental health conditions.

The study delved to ascertain the Motivation Factors and Organizational Roles: Framework for Stress Management and Productivity among Teaching Personnel in LSPU System. The researcher used the descriptive correlational design to describe the data, characteristics used and the population in the study. It was conducted at the Laguna State Polytechnic University randomly selecting 250 teaching personnel. The findings are as follows: The Respondents perception on Motivation Factors is interpreted as “Manifested”. The Respondents perception on the Role of Organization in terms of Role ambiguity, Responsibility, Career Development, are interpreted as “Observed” while the Relationship at Work is interpreted as “Highly Observed”. The Respondents’ adherence to the stress management approaches are all interpreted as “Practiced”. The Respondents’ level of productivity in terms of Research and Extension are interpreted as “Moderately Productive” while Instruction is “Highly Productive”. The regression analyses on motivation factor and role in the organization such as significantly affect the stress management approaches and productivity in terms of Research, Extension and Instruction of the faculty. Based on the findings, the following are concluded: The hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the respondents’ motivation and their stress management approaches and productivity is rejected. The hypotheis that there is no significant relationship between the respondents’ observed role of organization and their stress management approaches and productivity is not supported. The hypothesis that the respondents’ profile, singly or in combination, does not affect relationship between the independent and dependent variables is rejected. Thus, the researcher recommends the organization could establish a “stress audit”, leaders should continue to dedicate resources to their current wellness programs. Faculty members take into account the importance of sustained “engaged inquiry”. Mentoring program of the faculty in extension undertakings should be done regularly.

This paper investigates the impacts of the economic shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment of different types of workers in developing countries. Employment outcomes are taken from a set of high-frequency phone surveys conducted by the World Bank and National Statistics Offices in 40 countries. Larger shares of female, young, less educated, and urban workers stopped working. Gender gaps in work stoppage were particularly pronounced and stemmed mainly from differences within sectors rather than differential employment patterns across sectors. Differences in work stoppage between urban and rural workers were markedly smaller than those across gender, age, and education groups. Preliminary results from 10 countries suggest that following the initial shock at the start of the pandemic, employment rates partially recovered between April and August, with greater gains for those groups that had borne the brunt of the early jobs losses. Although the high-frequency phone surveys greatly over-represent household heads and therefore overestimate employment rates, case studies in five countries suggest that they provide a reasonably accurate measure of disparities in employment levels by gender, education, and urban or rural location following the onset of the crisis, although they perform less well in capturing disparities between age groups. These results shed new light on the labor market consequences of the COVID-19 crisis in developing countries, and suggest that real-time phone surveys, despite their lack of representativeness, are a valuable source of information to measure differential employment impacts across groups during a crisis.

Maternity blues classified as mild psychological disorders that are sometimes experienced by postpartum mothers. To cope with maternity blues, the mother can adopt coping mechanisms. This study aims to determine coping mechanisms in mothers who experienced maternity blues in Elim Rantepao Hospital. Type this study is a qualitative study with descriptive approach. The participants consisted of five main informants that mothers who experienced maternity blues, 3 participants support (family), and one key participant (midwife who cared for). Research results obtained show that how mother cope with stress is also highly dependent on the resources available, such as family support mothers serve as the source of the greatest coping, besides spiritual beliefs, social support, balance of energy and material, also used as a source her coping. But things are different are obtained, is heir belief or trust in which the mother perform rituals or believe to get a peace, for that in the face of maternity blues, it needed the support of the coping resources that mothers do not continue in conditions more severe disorders.

Низка проведених досліджень свідчить про те, що реалізація ініціатив корпоративної соціальної відповідальності (КСВ) та діяльність мультинаціональних компаній (МНК) відрізняються залежно від регіону. При цьому дочірні підприємства МНК повинні реагувати як на виклики міжнародного ринку, так і враховувати інтереси місцевих стейкхолдерів. У статті досліджено КСВ-дилеми мультинаціональних компаній. Дослідження здійснено в наступній логічній послідовності: визначено основні стимули проведення заходів у рамках політики КСВ та встановлено оптимальне співвідношення між глобальним тиском МНК та очікуваннями зацікавлених сторін на локальному рівні; виявлено механізми, які використовуються з метою урегулювання проблем; проведено 10 півструктурованих дослідницьких інтерв’ю на рівні Угорських дочірніх компаній; виявлено 3 ключові проблеми, а також 7 механізмів їх вирішення. Автором зазначено, що до трьох ключових проблем належать: недостатність фінансових та трудових ресурсів у сфері КСВ, відсутність правової та культурної підтримки ініціатив головного офісу, а також виникнення складнощів у процесі формування ефективної стратегії у відповідь на багаточисленні потреби стейкхолдерів. У свою чергу, автором наголошено, що дочірні підприємства використовують різні механізми у процесі вирішення проблем. Загалом, дочірні підприємства націлені на ведення переговорів із головним офісом МНК з метою отримання достатнього рівня фінансових ресурсів для проведення КСВзаходів на локальному рівні, а також отримання свободи у фінансування заходів імплементації КСВ. У випадку неможливості накопичення великого запасу ресурсів, доцільним є прийняття стриманої або мінімальної стратегії КСВ, яка, по суті, являється філантропією чи благодійністю. У свою чергу, у тому випадку, коли соціальні цінності країни, де функціонує, МНК не відповідають її глобальним цілям, дочірні компанії часто надають перевагу стратегії "замикання в собі", тобто просування глобальних цінностей в щоденні операції в межах однієї компанії без поширення їх у практику інших. При цьому дочірні компанії використовують відповідні механізми з метою виявлення потреб основних стейкхолдерів та формування таких заходів, які є невід’ємними елементами їх локальних КСВ стратегій. Автором зазначено, що дочірні компанії часто співпрацюють із нерядовими громадськими організаціями та/або органами місцевого самоврядування задля досягнення власних КСВ-цілей. У статті визначено, що більшість дочірніх компаній аналізують діяльність інших підрозділів МНК у регіоні з метою виявлення дієвих механізмів протистояння їх локальним КСВ-проблемам. Several studies have confirmed that the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and activities of multinational companies (MNCs) differed across locations. Subsidiaries of MNCs must both respond to internal pressures coming from global headquarters and expectations of local stakeholders. The major research questions of the study are the following: What are the major drivers of their CSR activities and how do they balance between the global pressure of MNC headquarters and the expectations of the local stakeholders? What coping mechanisms do they implement in order to tackle the CSR challenges? As a result of conducting 10 semi-structured research interviews at Hungarian subsidiaries, 3 key CSR challenges, and 7 coping mechanisms were identified. The 3 major challenges include the lack of financial and human resources dedicated to CSR activities, the lack of legal or cultural support of the headquarters' initiatives in the host country, and the difficulty to form an effective CSR strategy to respond to the various needs of local stakeholders. The subsidiaries use different coping mechanisms to tackle the challenges. They usually pursue continuous bargaining with MNC HQs in order to have sufficient financial resources for local CSR actions and to get freedom for creating their own CSR approaches reacting to genuine local needs. If they are not able to accumulate plentiful resources, they may implement a low key or minimalistic CSR strategy that usually means solely philanthropy or charity. When host country social values do not meet global MNC norms, subsidiaries often choose to turn inward, i.e. promoting global values only inside the company in daily operations, and not propagating these values to the wider public. Nevertheless, the most prevalent strategy may be more careful balancing between global MNC norms and local values. Subsidiaries use various mechanisms to detect the needs of their key stakeholders and to create those actions that can be the most vital elements of their local CSR strategies. They often co-operate with NGOs and/or the local government to reach their CSR objectives. Numerous subsidiaries do business integrated CSR to serve local stakeholders' needs in the most effective way. Finally, most subsidiaries are constantly scanning MNC units in the region to find out how they confront their local CSR challenges. This mechanism seems to work well due to similarities among host country cultures in the CEE region.

The publication is devoted to the theoretical study of the psychological features of coping behavior of servicemen of the Assault Troops in the process of adaptation to military service. The article analyzes the concept of "coping" from different approaches and directions. Coping processes are considered as: ego-processes aimed at productive adaptation of the individual to difficult situations; as a dynamic process determined by the subjectivity of the situation, the stage of development of the conflict, the collision of the subject with the outside world; within the resource approach, as the main tool that controls and organizes the distribution of other resources. A number of adaptive coping strategies of behavior and basic styles of coping behavior are singled out: problem-oriented coping (aimed at solving problems); emotionally-oriented coping (focused on the regulation of emotions); avoidance-oriented coping. The stages of realization of the main directions of the measures complex on overcoming of negative psychological states which include: professional psychological selection are investigated; social and psychological support of servicemen; monitoring the development of personal qualities of servicemen during subsequent contracts. Skillful application of adaptive strategies of coping behavior of servicemen, depending on the situations of service and combat activities, will facilitate the process of adaptation to the conditions of military service in the Assault Troops of the Armed Forces of Ukraine., Публикация посвящена теоретическому исследованию психологических особенностей копинг-поведения военнослужащих Десантно-штурмовой войск в процессе адаптации к военной службе. В статье проанализированы понятия "копинг" из разных подходов и направлений. Умелое применение адаптивных стратегий копинг-поведения военнослужащих в зависимости от ситуаций служебно-боевой деятельности, позволит облегчить процесс адаптации к условиям военной службы в Десантно-штурмовых войск Вооруженных Сил Украины., Публікація присвячена теоретичному дослідженню психологічних особливостей копінг-поведінки військовослужбовців Десантно-штурмових військ в процесі адаптації до військової служби. В статті проаналізовано поняття “копінг” з різних підходів та напрямків. Вміле застосування адаптивних стратегій копінг-поведінки військовослужбовців в залежності від ситуацій службово-бойової діяльності, дозволить полегшити процес адаптації до умов військової служби у Десантно-штурмових військ Збройних Сил України.

In the wake of declaration of Covid-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, the Prime Minister of India announced a nationwide lockdown to curb its spread. Subsequently, some groups of people found themselves away from their family or friends, and were unable to return to them. The aim of the research was to explore the lives of young adults who were living alone and working, during the lockdown in India. Focus was on their daily living, their relationships and their mental health. Twelve participants residing in various cities of India were included via the Internet. Focus group discussions were used to attain the objectives of the study. The data that emerged from the discussions, was analysed using thematic analysis. All participants had experienced different kinds of disruptions in their life due to the lockdown. This effect was mediated by their financial situation, their general comfort and preference for living alone, media, opportunities for non-virtual interactions and other kinds of recreation, quality of relationships and more. Though there were similarities in their coping methods, their perspective on the lockdown, the meaning they attributed to their current situation and their vision for their future was unique.

Māszinības (ar specializāciju Internās aprūpes māsa) Veselības aprūpe Nursing Studies Health Care Bakalaura darba tēma ir “Ilgstoši slimojošu pacientu nāves izraisīto negatīvo emociju pārvarēšana māsām ar desmit un vairāk gadu darba pieredzi”. No visām dzīves problēmām emocionāli vissmagākā un biedējošākā ir tieši nāves problēma, kas izraisa bailes ikvienam cilvēkam neatkarīgi no vecuma. Māsas darbā tā ir ne tikai dzīves, bet arī darba sastāvdaļa, neatkarīgi, vai māsa strādā ambulatori, pansionātā vai slimnīcā, visticamāk, viņai nāksies saskarties ar pacientu nāvi (Cremi, 2018). Nāve rada daudz negatīvu emociju, kas atstāj iespaidu gan uz māsu emocionālo, gan uz fizisko pašsajūtu, ar laiku tas var ietekmēt profesionālo darbību, izraisīt emocionālu izdegšanu un profesionālās darbības maiņu. Darba mērķis ir aprakstīt māsu ar desmit un vairāk gadu pieredzi spēju pārvarēt negatīvās emocijas pēc ilgstoši slimojošu pacientu nāves. Mērķa sasniegšanai tika analizēti 43 literatūras avoti. Praktiskajā daļā tika intervētas sešas praktizējošas māsas, ar desmit un vairāk gadu pieredzi, no vienas Rīgas slimnīcas neiroloģijas nodaļas, kuras ikdienā sastopas ar pacientu nāvi. Pētījuma laikā tika gūta atbilde uz jautājumu: Kādi ir veidi, kā māsas ar desmit un vairāk gadu pieredzi, pārvar ilgstoši slimojošu pacientu nāves izraisītās negatīvās emocijas? Galvenie pētījuma rezultāti un secinājumi: Apkopojot pētījumā iegūto informāciju un balstoties uz izvirzīto darba mērķi, var secināt, ka katrai māsai ir savas īpašās prasmes, kā pārvarēt negatīvās emocijas, ko izraisa ilgstoši slimojoša pacienta nāve, kaut arī lielās darba pieredzes rezultātā, māsas atzīst, ka sēras un vainas sajūtu neizjūt, jo ar gadiem ir iemācijušās norobežoties un pieņemt to, kā sava darba sastāvdaļu, lai sekmīgi spētu turpināt māsu darbu aprūpējot pacientus. Bakalaura darba apjoms sastāv no 34 lapaspusēm (4 nodaļām un 8 apakšnodaļām), secinājumiem un priekšlikumiem, izmantotās literatūras un pielikumiem. The topic of the bachelor's thesis is “Overcoming negative emotions caused by the death of long-term sick patients for nurses with ten or more years of work experience”. Death is a complex and inevitable stage of human development. The most emotional and frightening of all life's problems is the problem of death, which causes fear in everyone, regardless of age. In a nurse’s job, it is not only a part of life, but also a part of the job, whether the nurse works in an outpatient setting, nursing home or hospital, she is likely to face patient death (Cremi, 2018). Death creates many negative emotions that affect both the nurses' emotional and physical well-being, over time it can affect professional performance, cause emotional burnout and change professional activities. The aim of the study is to describe the ability of nurses with ten or more years of experience to overcome negative emotions after the death of long-term sick patients. To achieve the goal, 43 literature sources were analyzed. In the practical part, six practicing nurses, with ten or more years of experience, were interviewed from one of the neurology departments of Riga Hospital, who face the death of patients on a daily basis. The study answered the question: What are the ways in which nurses with ten or more years of experience overcome the negative emotions caused by the death of long-term sick patients? Main results and conclusions of the study: Summarizing the information obtained in the study and based on the aim of the work, it can be concluded that each nurse has her own special skills to overcome negative emotions caused by the death of a long-term patient, although that he does not feel grief and guilt, because over the years he has learned to isolate himself and accept it as a part of his work in order to be able to successfully continue the work of nurses in caring for patients. The volume of the bachelor's thesis consists of 34 pages (4 chapters and 8 subsections), conclusions and proposals, used literature and appendixes.

Introduction: We compared depression of people who smoke and those who do not, depending on whether they have an underlying disease making them at risk for COVID-19. Moreover, we analyzed the factors associated with their depression. Methods: We recruited 948 Lebanese residents, ages 18 and above. Our survey included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depression. We divided participants, based on smoking and having a disease making one at risk for a COVID19 infection into four groups: non-smokers not at risk (NSNR), non-smokers at risk (NSR), smokers not at risk (SNR), and smokers at risk (SR). Results: SR had PHQ-9 scores higher than other groups. The diet was not changed during the pandemic, whereas weight increased in all groups but SR. Those not at risk slept longer, while sports were decreased in NSR and SNR. Hobbies were decreased in all groups except SNR. Depending on the group, factors such as age, sex, residency, diet, exercise, sleep duration, and hobbies were associated with PHQ-9 scores. Limitations: we cannot draw causal relationships. Participation required internet access, and participants might not represent the actual population due to the snowball effect. Also, recall bias might skew results. We did not inquire about sexual activity, which could be an essential coping mechanism. Conclusion: Factors associated with depression for one group did not necessarily do so for another. Controlling the underlying risk or smoking cessation could move a patient to a group with more options associated with depression, thereby additional methods to decrease depression.

Almost no nation has been spared as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has swept around the world. As the pandemic has upended much of society, frontline health care workers have shouldered much of the burden. Among other professionals, Mental Health Psychology Practitioners contribute significantly to fighting off the negative psychological effects of COVID-19, including distress, anxiety, and depression – provided they themselves can demonstrate resilience. This qualitative study investigated how Mental Health Psychology Practitioners experience the pandemic and the mechanisms they employ to demonstrate resilience.

Background & Aim: This study aimed to explore the transitional challenges of newly hired psychiatric nurses in the care of clients with schizophrenia and the coping mechanisms that they use to overcome their transitional challenges. Methods & Materials: This descriptive-qualitative study interviewed six purposively selected newly hired psychiatric nurses caring for patients with schizophrenia who work for about six months to two years in a Psychiatric Training Hospital in the Philippines. An interview protocol was used to obtain data with strict observance of relevant ethical considerations. In determining the emerging themes and subthemes from the transcribed data with trustworthiness, thematic analysis was employed. Results: Two major prior codes were explored, namely, transitional challenges and coping mechanisms. On the one hand, five subthemes emerged under the transitional challenges that include emotional challenges, need for professional growth, nurses’ recognition of the inability to patient care management, need support from more experienced colleagues. Experience/feel the shock in the encounter of people with a mental health condition. On the other hand, four subthemes were unearthed under coping mechanisms that include emotional responses, professional coping strategies (i.e., reliance on the adequate support system, establishing the professional nurse-patient relationship, call to professional advancement, and commitment to evidence-based practice), and institutional coping strategies. Conclusion: While newly hired nurses experience tremendous transitional challenges, their coping mechanisms continuously emerge and develop. The nursing administration needs to foster sustainable mentoring and resilience programs essential in aiding newly hired nurses’ adaptation and adjustment to the professional work environment.

The main aim of the study was to investigate different conceptions, challenges, and coping mechanisms with regards to administrative office management. To achieve this aim, the researcher selected three administrative officers within the Schools Division of City of Malolos, Bulacan during the school year 2019-2020. The study utilized a qualitative research design which aimed to describe the lived experiences of individuals in a certain phenomenon or human condition. Using transcriptions, codes, and triangulations of the data gathered, themes were extracted in the data analysis. Findings revealed that: (1) AOM was conceived as management of various documents for smooth transactions between teachers and school administrators, (2) AOM challenges were noted as encountering naughty teachers, unreturned office supplies, noisy location of the office facility and the office which is sometimes turned out to be a storage room, and (3) As AOM coping mechanisms, the respondents keep their strict mood and maintain a happy atmosphere to obtain a less stressed and a peaceful workplace. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were offered.

This study aims to address a research gap related to the outcomes of the use of technology when the performance falls short of initial expectations, and the coping mechanisms that users may deploy in such circumstances. By adopting Cognitive Dissonance Theory, the objectives of the study are a) to examine how dissonance, caused by the negative disconfirmation of expectations, may translate into a positive outcome and b) study how negative emotions, such as anger, guilt and regret, determine the selection of the mechanism to reduce dissonance. The theorised model was tested using a cross-sectional research design and a sample of 387 smart home users. The focus on smart home users fitted the objectives of the study due to the high expectations that users form and the challenges that the utilisation of technology sometimes causes. The collected data was analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings indicate that post-disconfirmation dissonance induces feelings of anger, guilt and regret, correlating with dissonance reduction mechanisms, which in turn have a distinctive effect on satisfaction and wellbeing. The findings of the study contribute to the discussion on expectation-disconfirmation and cognitive dissonance, by illustrating the interrelationship between emotional, cognitive and behavioural factors following the evaluation of technology performance and confirming that negative disconfirmation may result in satisfaction.