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The aim of this study was to compare the ovulatory response and reproductive performance after Ovsynch protocol in noncyclic dairy cows during the warm (n = 43) and cool seasons (n = 70). Noncyclic cows (n=113) received Ovsynch protocol; GnRH1 (d 0); PGF2α (d 7); GnRH2 (d 9); FTAI (d 10). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed to determine the preovulatory follicle size (d 0, d 10) and ovulatory response to the GnRH1 (d 7) and GnRH2 (d 17). Follicle size at the onset of Ovsynch was not different in cool season (20.8 ± 0.9 mm) compared to that in warm season (19.1 ± 1.1 mm, P > 0.05). The percentage of small-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch was higher (P < 0.05) in warm season (37.2%) than cool season (18.6%). However, follicle size at FTAI was similar (P > 0.05) between warm (15.3 ± 0.3 mm) and cool (15.8 ± 0.3) seasons. Ovulatory response to the GnRH1 and the GnRH2 of Ovsynch were not different during the warm (90.7%, 83.7%) and cool seasons (81.4%, 87.1%), respectively (P > 0.05). Pregnancy rate was also similar (P > 0.05) during the warm (34.9%) and cool seasons (35.7%). Cows that had large-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch had a tendency (P = 0.08) for lower pregnancy rate in warm season (12.5%) compared to cool season (52.6%). It was concluded that season did not affect the ovulatory response to the first GnRH and pregnancy rate in noncyclic dairy cows that were synchronized with Ovsynch.

Purpose: To examine changes in the eyes after cold compress application at the early stage. Method: A total of 62 eyes from 62 healthy adult participants were included in this cross-sectional and comparative study. The subfoveal choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber thickness were measured by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography. The central corneal thickness, anterior segment volume and depth, iridocorneal angle, and pupil diameter were measured by means of the Scheimpflug anterior segment imaging method. The measurements were repeated after 10 min of cold compress application, which was applied using special packs. The procedures were then repeated with non-cold packages to exclude the effect of pressure. Results: The average age of the participants was 30.74 ± 5.82 years. There was no significant change in the central corneal thickness after cold compress application, and there was a significant decrease in the anterior segment volume (p0.05). Conclusion: Cold compress application may thus cause some physiological changes in the eyes, which necessitates the examination of its usage and effects. RESUMO Objetivos: Examinar as mudanças nos olhos após a aplicação com compressa fria. Método: Sessenta e dois olhos de 62 adultos saudáveis foram incluídos neste estudo transversal e comparativo. A espessura da coróide subfoveal e a espessura da fibra nervosa retiniana foram mensuradas por tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (OCT). A espessura central da córnea, o volume e a profundidade do segmento anterior, o ângulo iridocorneano e o diâmetro da pupila foram mensurados por meio do método de imagem do segmento anterior de Scheimpflug. As medições foram repetidas após 10 minutos de aplicação de compressas frias, aplicadas com embalagens especiais. Os procedimentos foram repetidos com embalagens não frias para excluir o efeito da pressão. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 30,74 ± 5,82 anos. Embora não tenha havido alteração significativa na espessura central da córnea após a aplicação da compressa fria, houve diminuição significativa no volume do segmento anterior (p0,05). Conclusão: A aplicação de compressa fria pode causar algumas alterações fisiológicas nos olhos e o seu uso e efeitos devem ser observados.

A key component of Labov's (2001:411) socially motivated projection model of language change is the hypothesis that adolescents and preadolescents undergo a process of vernacular reorganization, which leads to a “seamless” progression of changes in progress. Between the ages of approximately five and 17, children and adolescents increase the “frequency, extent, scope, or specificity” of changes in progress along the community trajectory (Labov, 2007:346). Evidence of advancement via vernacular reorganization during this life stage has come from peaks in the apparent-time trajectory of a change around the age of 17 (e.g., Labov, 2001; Tagliamonte & D'Arcy, 2009). However, such peaks do not rule out the alternative explanations of retrograde change or age-grading. This paper presents both apparent timeandreal-time evidence for vernacular reorganization. We observe the arrowhead formation—a counterpart of the adolescent peak—for quotativebe likein a trend study of adolescents and young adults in Toronto, Canada. Our results rule out the alternative explanations for previously observed adolescent peaks.

This article examines knowledge production in the sociology of music. Focusing on the idea of cool music, we interrogate the nature of music researchers' relationship with their object of research. While the qualification and connotation of cool is widespread in popular music, sociology has largely neglected to engage with it as an object of research. Instead, the sociological investigation of music audiences is divided between two opposed but co-constructed paradigms that ultimately do not account for how cool emerges as a qualifier and connotation, how it performs as a discourse on music, and to what effect. Using the example of aging music researchers as a departure point, we examine how the cool connotations of music function as a mode of discourse that legitimates particular knowledge, practice, and taste, demarcating insider/outsider status. We explore how music acquires social connotations such as "cool" and whether that alters music researchers' approaches to it. We argue that apart from the disclosure of inclinations, social characteristics, and relationships to the object of research (music scenes, preferences, fandom, and so on), the tradition of reflexive empirical perspectives in music sociology should incorporate further deconstruction of the transformative dimensions in the relations between music and researcher. Music, as a complex and dynamic object, thus, requires sociology to produce accounts that both encompass people's enjoyment and experience as well as its boundary-defining capacity.

Objective. Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to perceive, use, understand and manage emotions. Although EI attempts to connect the concept of emotion and cognition, few studies have been conducted to this objective. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the three models of EI (performance-based ability test, self-report ability test, and self-report mixed test) and different cognitive processes measured through "cool " (i.e., not emotionally laden) and " hot " (i.e., emotionally laden) laboratory tasks. Method. For this purpose, we carried out 3 experiments. In experiment 1, we systematically review the available evidence about the relationship between EI and cognitive processes. In experiment 2, we analyze the relationship between EI and hot and cool cognitive control ability. Finally, in experiment 3 we analyze the relationship between EI and the hot and cool working memory capacity (WMC) through a 2-back task. Results. The results provide a fair amount of evidence that performance-based ability EI (but not self-report EI tests) is positively related with efficiency in hot cognitive tasks. EI, however, does not appear to be related with cool cognitive tasks: neither through self-reporting nor through performance-based ability instruments. Conclusions. These findings suggest that performance-based ability EI could improve individuals' emotional information processing abilities Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

In recent years, the City of Los Angeles has been leading the efforts to combat Urban Heat. In particular, the City outlined a goal of reducing the urban-rural temperature differential by 3°F by 2035 (Sustainable City pLAn, 2015). To achieve this goal, the Bureau of Street Services (StreetsLA), initiated the installation of solar reflective 'Cool Pavements' across fifteen City Council Districts. The report draws upon three empirical research methods to examine the thermal comfort of the novel Cool Pavements Project in the Sun Valley neighborhood in Los Angeles. For this study, Sun Valley site was selected because the area received three different treatments of the Cool Pavements, and has a patch of regular asphalt pavement within the same neighborhood block.

A family of composite cool thermal insulation materials has been developed as part of the DICOM research project, in order to provide building materials optimized for the retrospective insulation of existing buildings, which contribute in particular to the reduction of cooling loads in summer. An integrated evaluation of the materials was carried out in 2013-2014, by means of in vitro and in situ measurements, in order to determine and evaluate the materials’ performance and the thermal comfort conditions before and after the retrofitting. Finally, a Life Cycle Analysis was carried for the materials, in order to evaluate their environmental impact.

The life quality improvement issue is a problem of national and international interest. This acquires total different values when it is to refer to a series of disadvantaged categories, that is the persons with locomotor disabilities. It is an inevitable social responsibility to create equal opportunities for disabled people, to prevent any intentional or unintentional discrimination that they face and apply positive discrimination if necessary to improve their living standards and to let them have an equal share from social development as productive individuals of society. A disability is any kind of restriction or inability to accomplish a certain activity, which belongs to the interval considered as “normal” for a human being. Disabilities are characterized by deficiencies or excesses in the activity or behaviour that is normally expected from a person; they can be temporary or permanent, reversible or irreversible, progressive or regressive. The physical disabilities that require the use of wheelchairs imply the manufacturing of special clothing products that meet certain needs at a functional and/or therapeutic level. The study presents the main aspects involved in designing and developing textile products for this category of users. Therefore, the apparel that is specially designed for persons with disabilities has to: allow more freedom and independence when is being worn, correspond to the aesthetic point of view, offer psychological benefits and help to socially integrate the individual who wears it. In addition, clothes should not hinder the individual’s mobility and must allow the use of the chest and of the superior limbs to the maximum, they must be durable, have a low level of electrostatic charge, be absorbent and comfortable, present the so-called “rehabilitation functions”, and last but not least, be beneficial for the wearer both from a physical and psychological point of view.

Produk fesyen lokal selama ini masih dipandang sebelah mata oleh masyarakat, terlebih ketika banyak toko produk fesyen internasional yang mendominasi pasar. Untuk itu, Brightspot Market hadir dengan mengusung konsep kurasi untuk mempromosikan dan mewadahi produk fesyen lokal dengan kualitas premium. Tulisan ini membahas proses representasi identitas kaum muda pada acara Brightspot Market untuk memperkaya kajian sosiologi budaya mengenai representasi identitas khususnya konsep circuit of culture yang dikemukakan oleh Stuart Hall. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif berupa wawancara terhadap pendiri dan observasi terhadap Brightspot Market, vendor produk lokal dan konsumen, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa Brightspot Market mampu memodifikasi konsep circuit of culture dengan merepresentasikan identitas cool ‘keren’ melalui konsep curated market-nya kepada kaum muda Jakarta.Nowadays, the people still underestimate local fashion product. Moreover, many international brand’s stores seem to dominate the market. Then, Brightspot Market comes up with the curated market concept to accommodate and promote a premium quality of local fashion product. This Article discusses representation process to youth identity in Brightspot Market event. This article discusses the representation process of youth identity to enrich the study of cultural sociology, especially the concept of “circuit of culture” by Stuart Hall. This article describes Brightspot Market which modifies circuit of culture concept. Using qualitative methods by interview and observation towards Brightspot owners, local products’ vendor and consumer, this article shows that Brightspot Market can modify that concept by represents “the cool” identity through its curated market concept to Jakarta young people.

Beta Ceti is a slowly rotating (v sin i = 3.5 kms−1) single giant. In our previous study (Tsvetkova et al. (2013)) we showed that it is in the core He-burning phase and we reconstructed two Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) maps (using data from 2010 and 2011) revealing a simple large-scale magnetic field structure. We concluded that the magnetic field of beta Ceti could have a fossil field origin. In addition, the study of Aurière et al. (2015) about the properties and origin of the magnetism of late-type giants, where beta Ceti was a member of that sample, revealed that this star did not follow the general trends for dynamo-generated magnetic fields. Now, we present a new ZDI map of beta Ceti and compare the new results with our previous study. This monitoring for several years of the magnetic field topology and line activity indicators variability supports our previous conclusion about the fossil field origin of the magnetic field of beta Ceti.

Important diagnostics of the star/circumstellar interaction region of HerbigAe/Be stars are accessible by examining the temporal behavior of thenear-IR spectral lines He I λ10830 and Paschen gamma. We reduced andanalyzed 30 spectra of the strongly magnetic Herbig Ae star HD101412,acquired with the CRIRES and X-shooter spectrographs installed at theVLT (ESO, Chile). We found that the temporal behavior of these diagnosticlines in the near-infrared spectra can be explained by rotational modulationof line profiles generated by accreting gas with a period P = 20.53d.This period is about half of the magnetic rotation period P = 42.76dpreviously determined from measurements of the mean longitudinal magneticfield. Our finding indicates that the accreted matter falls onto the star in regions close to the magnetic poles intersecting the line-of-sight twiceduring the rotation cycle. The results of our study clearly demonstratethe power of such an analysis to diagnose the physical properties ofaccretion flows onto pre-main sequence stars. &nbsp

Herbig Ae/Be-type stars are analogs of T Tauri stars in the higher mass range. Spectropolarimetric studies involving sharp-lined Herbig Ae stars appear to be a promising approach for the detection of their magnetic fields. We report the results of our HARPS high-resolution spectropolarimetric analysis of four Herbig Ae stars with low v sin i values: HD 101412, HD 104237, HD 190073, and PDS 2. The role of contamination by the surrounding warm circumstellar matter for the appearance of Zeeman features is discussed for the first time.&nbsp

Within the RAVE (the Radial Velocity Experument) survey in total 574,630low-resolution spectra of 483,330 stars covering the Ca II IRT has beenobtained. With our selection criteria, out of those stars about 10% arelate-type dwarfs. We have selected these dwarfs from the database,converted the measured 1-Åcore equivalent widths into the fluxes, andobtained follow up high-resolution spectra of selected targets as well asspectra of MK standard stars using SES (STELLA échelle spectrograph) atSTELLA (STELLar Activity) telescope. With a single exposure, we cover allwavelengths from Ca H&K to IRT and can therefore relate IRT fluxes withthose of other activity indicators, such as Hα. Furthermore, we canplace these fluxes in relation to observable astrophysical parameters,such as global metallicity and temperature.

We validate a $R_p=2.32\pm 0.24R_\oplus$ planet on a close-in orbit ($P=2.260455\pm 0.000041$ days) around K2-28 (EPIC 206318379), a metal-rich M4-type dwarf in the Campaign 3 field of the K2 mission. Our follow-up observations included multi-band transit observations from the optical to the near infrared, low-resolution spectroscopy, and high-resolution adaptive-optics (AO) imaging. We perform a global fit to all the observed transits using a Gaussian process-based method and show that the transit depths in all passbands adopted for the ground-based transit follow-ups ($r'_2, z_\mathrm{s,2}, J, H, K_\mathrm{s}$) are within $\sim 2\sigma$ of the K2 value. Based on a model of the background stellar population and the absence of nearby sources in our AO imaging, we estimate the probability that a background eclipsing binary could cause a false positive to be $< 2\times 10^{-5}$. We also show that K2-28 cannot have a physically associated companion of stellar type later than M4, based on the measurement of almost identical transit depths in multiple passbands. There is a low probability for a M4 dwarf companion ($\approx 0.072_{-0.04}^{+0.02}$), but even if this were the case, the size of K2-28b falls within the planetary regime. K2-28b has the same radius (within $1\sigma$) and experiences a similar irradiation from its host star as the well-studied GJ~1214b. Given the relative brightness of K2-28 in the near infrared ($m_\mathrm{Kep}=14.85$ mag and $m_H=11.03$ mag) and relatively deep transit ($0.6-0.7\%$), a comparison between the atmospheric properties of these two planets with future observations would be especially interesting., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ

It is possible to reliably identify white dwarfs (WDs) without recourse to spectra, instead using photometric and astrometric measurements to distinguish them from Main Sequence stars and quasars. WDs' colours can also be used to infer their intrinsic properties (effective temperature, surface gravity, etc.), but the results obtained must be interpreted with care. The difficulties stem from the existence of a solid angle degeneracy, as revealed by a full exploration of the likelihood, although this can be masked if a simple best-fit approach is used. Conversely, this degeneracy can be broken if a Bayesian approach is adopted, as it is then possible to utilise the prior information on the surface gravities of WDs implied by spectroscopic fitting. The benefits of such an approach are particularly strong when applied to outliers, such as the candidate halo and ultra-cool WDs identified by Vidrih et al. (2007). A reanalysis of these samples confirms their results for the latter sample but suggests that that most of the halo candidates are thick disk WDs in the tails of the photometric noise distribution., MNRAS in press; 19 pages, 16 figures; major revisions to text but conclusions unchanged

Como resultado de los últimos desarrollos de los medios de reproducción y distribución de imágenes, la cultura de masas surge a principios del siglo XX y rede fi ne a lo largo de toda la centuria el modo de consumo el estatuto del arte y las maneras de percepción de su sociedad de una manera irrecuperable. Aún más, con el auge de internet y la creciente fragmentación de los movimientos culturales, la cultura de masas se expande y se expone a su recon fi guración institucional y comercial por parte del capitalismo. Sin embargo, tanto la Historia del Arte como la estética tradicional, centradas en ocasiones más en análisis historicistas o defensas del arte elevado, han obviado estos últimos cambios. Debido a esto, con un afán más interdisciplinar, surgen los estudios visuales y, de manera decisiva, la teoría afterpop de Eloy Fernández Porta. Su postura, más antropológica y crítica con las posturas teóricas tradicionales, analiza los efectos del capitalismo emocional y la necesidad de la renovación del lenguaje analítico que obliga, al fi nal, a repensar nuestra condición y los instrumentos por los que aprehendemos la realidad. As a result of the lasts developments of the image’s reproduction and distribution media, mass culture appears in the beginnings of the twentieth century to rede fi ne over the whole century the manner of consumption, the art condition and the ways of seeing of his whole society in an irrecoverable way. More deeply, internet’s rises and cultural movements’s growing fragmentation lead to an extension and a transformation of the mass culture into commercial products and institutional contents by the capitalism. However, as much as Art History and Aesthetics, more focused on historicist researches or defenses of the high art, have ignored these last changes. Due to this, visual studies and, more decisive, the afterpop ’s theory of Eloy Fernandez Porta, have a more interdisciplinary researching methods. In this way, afterpop ’s theory combines the instruments of the anthropological discipline and the review of the traditional theories to research the e ff ects of the emotional capitalism and the necessity of renovation of the theoretical language. Lastly, these view leads to the obligation of reconsider our condition and the analytical instruments with which we understand our context.

Why do users of social networking sites recommend some applications to their friends while rejecting others? What value do they obtain from applications? This exploratory study investigates the value users derive from ‘cool’ Facebook applications, and explores the features that either encourage or discourage users to recommend applications to their friends. Our qualitative data reveal consumers derive a combination of functional value along with either social or emotional value from the applications. Female Facebook users indicate self-expression as important motivators, while males tend to use Facebook applications to socially compete. Three broad categories emerged for application features; symmetrical features can both encourage or discourage recommendation, polar features where different levels of the same feature encourage or discourage, and uni-directional features only encourage or discourage but not both. Recommending or not recommending an application tends to be the result of a combination of features and context, rather than one feature in isolation.

Two recently identified transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, TRPM8 and TRPA1, have been proposed to play an important role in mammalian cool and cold peripheral sensory transduction. When expressed in cell-lines the cloned TRPM8 and TRPA1 receptors have distinct pharmacological and temperature response characteristics. Although these receptors are also transported to the central terminals of primary afferents, little is known about their centrally mediated actions. In this thesis, I use an in vitro electrophysiological approach to investigate the dorsal horn processing of cool afferent modalities and the role of TRP ion channels. The results of this thesis provide further information on thermal processing, indicate direction for further research and suggest possible therapeutic targets for the management of abnormal cold sensory processing. Initial experiments demonstrate that the cooling agents and known TRPM8 and TRPA1 agonists, menthol and icilin, inhibit primary afferent evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in rat spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. In addition, temperature reduction, menthol and icilin increase the frequency of miniature EPSCs without affecting amplitude distribution or kinetics. Little or no direct postsynaptic effect on dorsal horn neurons, GABAergic or glycinergic transmission was found. In combination, these observations demonstrate that temperature reduction, menthol and icilin act presynaptically to increase the probability of glutamate release from primary afferent fibres. Further examination of the changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission induced by temperature reduction, menthol and icilin reveals a subset of neurons sensitive to innocuous cool (< 29 oC) and low concentrations of icilin (3-10 µM) which closely match the temperature activation and pharmacological profile of TRPM8. In addition, the majority of lamina I and II neurons displayed characteristics partly consistent with TRPA1-activation, including a concentration-dependent response to icilin and blockade by ruthenium red. The present experiments did not allow thermal characterisation of these TRPA1-like responses. Together these observations indicate that the effects of menthol and icilin on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the superficial dorsal horn are mediated by TRPM8 and possibly by TRPA1. Examination of the anatomical location of neurons activated by temperature reduction, menthol, icilin and capsaicin allowed the central termination pattern of thermoreceptive primary afferent fibres with specific TRP-like response characteristics to be determined. TRPM8-like presynaptic activation was confined to a subpopulation of neurons located in lamina I and outer lamina II, while the majority of neurons throughout laminae I and II received inputs sensitive to menthol, high concentrations of icilin and capsaicin. These findings suggest that innocuous cool sensation projects to a specific subpopulation of superficial dorsal horn neurons unlike other modalities (mediated by TRPV1, possibly TRPA1 and other receptors), which non-selectively engage circuits within the entire superficial dorsal horn. No morphological specificity was identified for recovered neurons after electrophysiological characterisation. Finally, mu-opioids were shown to inhibit basal glutamatergic synaptic transmission as well as menthol- and icilin-induced transmission in the superficial dorsal horn. Of particular interest, delta-opioids selectively inhibited icilin-induced synaptic transmission within the same location. The selective effect of delta-opioids suggests a possible role in modulating receptors activated by icilin (TRPM8 and TRPA1). Overall, this thesis provides further evidence that TRPM8 is responsible for the transduction of innocuous cold sensation in mammals and is a potential therapeutic target in humans with cold hyperaesthesia secondary to abnormal thermal processing. The use of delta-opioid agonists warrants further investigation in cold hypersensitivity states and potentially other forms of pain.

cited By (since 1996)0; International audience; When representing realistic physical phenomena by partial differential equations (PDE), it is crucial to approximate the underlying physics correctly, to get precise results, and to efficiently use the computer architecture. Incorrect results can appear in incompressible Navier-Stokes or Stokes problems when the numerical approach couples into spurious modes. In Maxwell or magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations the so-called spectrum pollution effect can occur, and the numerical solution does not stably converge to the physical one. Problems coming from a mesh that is not adapted to the underlying physical problem, or from an inadequate choice of the dependent and independent variables can lead to low precision. Efficiency of a code implementation can be improved by well adapting the parallel computer to the application. A new monitoring system enables to detect poor implementations, to find best suited resources to execute the job, and to adapt the processor frequency during. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.