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A meta-analysis of the relevant literature evaluated the feasibility, safety, and potential benefits of single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) relative to those of conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA).The major biomedical databases, including ClinicalTrials.gov, were searched up to January 2022 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). SILA and CLA were compared regarding patient body mass index, operative time, and perioperative complications. The Cochrane Handbook and RevMan 5.3 were used to judge trial quality and perform the meta-analysis, respectively.The 17 included RCTs comprised 2068 patients, of whom 1039 and 1029 patients underwent SILA and CLA, respectively. The operative time for SILA was longer than that for CLA (MD = 8.35 min, 95% CI = 6.58 to 10.11, P 0.00001), but the cosmetic results from SILA were superior (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.58 to 1.03, P 0.00001). However, the incidence rates were similar in terms of patient body mass index; postoperative pain scores; and rates of abdominal abscess, conversion to open surgery, ileus, surgical site infection, and overall perioperative complications between the two groups.SILA is a safe technique for acute appendicitis, and its cosmetic outcomes are superior to those of CLA.

The conversion to open surgery (COS) during the Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is reported to occur at a rate of 10-15%. Some preoperative risk factors (RF) have been postulated; however, few studies have evaluated these factors and the intraoperative complexity with the COS rate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the preoperative RF and intraoperative complexity using the Parkland grading scale (PGS) with the COS rate in LC.A retrospective study was done evaluating the demographic and surgical variables from the patients and LC videos from 8 different hospitals of Mexico City from December 2018 to January 2020. The evaluation of the PGS was done by 2 surgeons (one MI and one HPB surgeon); the PGS was also categorized as Non-Complex LC (nCLC, PGS1-2) and Complex LC (CLC, PGS 3-5). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of this factors with the COS rate.430 LC were analyzed; 358 (78.61%) were women, 261 (60.7%) were elective and 169(39.3%) urgent LC, the mean age was 44.06 (SD ± 13.16) years. 21 (4.8%) LC were COS; the mean age of this group was 55 (SD ± 12.95), 3 (0.7%) were nCLC and 18 (4.19%) CLC, mean PGS of 3.76 (SD ± 1.09), the mean time to COS was 48.67 (SD ± 41.9), the estimated blood loss (EBL) was 258 (SD ± 260.22) and 6 (1.4%) intraoperative BDI were recognized on this group. Univariate analysis showed a significant association with the COS with male sex, older age, age 45 years, presence of comorbidities, a higher PGS, a CLC, higher EBL and possible BDI; multivariate analysis produced a model using male sex, age, presence of comorbidities and a CLC with a 0.809 area under the ROC curve.The recognition of the associated RF and a CLC can guide the surgeon to establish preoperative and bailout strategies during the procedure, recognizing a higher risk of COS and its higher morbidity.

Background Guidelines recommending antibiotic prophylaxis at emergency cholecystectomy for cholecystitis were based on low-quality evidence. The aim of this trial was to demonstrate that omitting antibiotics is not inferior to their prophylactic use. Methods This multicentre, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority clinical trial randomly assigned adults with mild-to-moderate acute calculous cholecystitis (immediate cholecystectomy indicated) to 2 g cefazolin administered before incision or no antibiotic prophylaxis. The primary endpoint was a composite of all postoperative infectious complications in the first 30 days after surgery. Secondary endpoints included all individual components of the primary endpoint, other morbidity, and duration of hospital stay. Results Sixteen of 226 patients (7.1 per cent) in the single-dose prophylaxis group and 29 of 231 (12.6 per cent) in the no-prophylaxis group developed postoperative infectious complications (absolute difference 5.5 (95 per cent c.i. −0.4 to 11.3) per cent). With a non-inferiority margin of 10 per cent, non-inferiority of no prophylaxis was not proven. The number of surgical-site infections was significantly higher in the no-prophylaxis group (5.3 versus 12.1 per cent; P = 0.010). No differences were observed in the number of other complications, or duration of hospital stay. Conclusion Omitting antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended.

Introduction Surgery plays a key role in the management of Neuroblastic tumours (NB), where the standard approach is open surgery, while minimally invasive surgery (MIS) may be considered an option in selected cases. The indication(s) and morbidity of MIS remain undetermined due to small number of reported studies. The aim of this study was to critically address the contemporary indications, morbidity and overall survival (OS) and propose guidelines exploring the utility of MIS for NB. Materials & Methods: A SIOPEN study where data of patients with NB who underwent MIS between 2005 and 2018, including demographics, tumour features, imaging, complications, follow up and survival, were extracted and then analysed. Results A total of 222 patients from 16 centres were identified. The majority were adrenal gland origin (54%) compared to abdominal non-adrenal and pelvic (16%) and thoracic (30%). Complete and near complete macroscopic resection (>95%) was achieved in 95%, with 10% of cases having conversion to open surgery. Complications were reported in 10% within 30 days of surgery. The presence of IDRF (30%) and/or tumour volume >75 ml were risk factors for conversion and complications in multivariate analysis. Overall mortality was 8.5%. Conclusions MIS for NB showed that it is a secure approach allowing more than 95% resection. The presence of IDRFs was not an absolute contraindication for MIS. Conversion to open surgery and overall complication rates were low, however they become significant if tumour volume >75 mL. Based on these data, we propose new MIS guidelines for neuroblastic tumours.

Background: Laparoscopic partial splenectomy (LPS) may allow avoiding total splenectomy (TS) complications and maximizing the advantages of mini-invasive approach. The objective of this review is t...

Cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed abdominal operations. Rising demands on acute operating theater availability and resource utilization in the daytime have led to acute cholecystectomy being performed out-of-hours (in the evenings, at night, or on weekends), although it remains unknown whether outcomes differ between out-of-hours and in-hours (during the daytime on weekdays) acute cholecystectomy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare outcomes following out-of-hours versus in-hours acute cholecystectomy.The study protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021226127). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were systematically searched for studies comparing outcomes following out-of-hours and in-hours acute cholecystectomy in adults with any acute benign gallbladder disease. The outcomes of interest were rates of bile leakage, bile duct injury, overall postoperative complications, conversion to open cholecystectomy, specific intraoperative and postoperative complications, length of stay, readmission, and mortality. Subgroup (evening/night-time vs. daytime, weekend vs. weekday, acute surgical unit [ASU]-only, non-ASU, and laparoscopic-only) and sensitivity analyses of adjusted multivariate regression analysis results was also performed.Eleven studies were included. There were no differences between out-of-hours and in-hours acute cholecystectomy for rates of bile leakage, bile duct injury, overall postoperative complications, conversion to open cholecystectomy, operative duration, readmission, mortality, and postoperative length of stay. Higher rates of postoperative sepsis (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.41; p = 0.03) and pneumonia (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.26; p = 0.02) were observed following out-of-hours acute cholecystectomy on univariate meta-analysis, but not after the adjusted multivariate meta-analysis. Higher conversion rates were observed when out-of-hours cholecystectomy was performed in centers without an ASU.This systematic review and meta-analysis has not shown an increased risk in overall or specific complications associated with out-of-hours compared with in-hours acute cholecystectomy. However, future studies should assess the potential impact of structural hospital factors, such as an ASU, on outcomes following out-of-hours acute cholecystectomy.Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study, Level IV.

Objectives To compare perioperative outcomes between open conversion and planned open surgical approach and to investigate trends. Materials and Methods The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for cT1 and cT2 RCC treated by radical (RN) or partial (PN) nephrectomy between 2010 and 2016. We retrospectively analyzed patient demographics, clinical tumor characteristics, and perioperative outcomes between unplanned open conversion and planned open approaches for RN and PN. Results In total, 152,919 patients underwent RN or PN for cT1 or cT2 RCC over the 7-year span. The rate of unplanned open conversion from MIS was 3.9% overall, remaining lowest for cT1 PN (2.7%) and highest for cT2 RN (5.9%). Cases of open conversion tended to have higher rate of upstaged disease. When comparing open conversion to a planned open case, there was no difference in the length of post-operative hospitalization. On logistic regression, unplanned open conversion from MIS was associated with higher odds of positive margin for RN but not for PN. Increased odds of 30-day's readmission were associated with unplanned open conversion from MIS in the setting of cT1 PN only. Conclusion When compared to a planned open approach, conversion to open from MIS does not affect length of hospital stay but is associated with higher odds of positive surgical margins for RN and higher odds of 30-day's readmission for cT1 PN. Advanced pathologic stage is associated with an open conversion, likely relating to increased tumor complexity. These findings should be considered preoperatively when determining the best surgical approach.

Objective: With the advent of laparoscopic approach for the large (T1b–T3a ± N1) right renal masses, higher rates of complications and conversion to open surgery are being reported. The role of preoperative angioembolization (PAE), which has increased cost and inherent morbidity but may help in select circumstances has also not been clearly defined in the literature. We therefore devised a scoring system (SGPGI score) based on pre-operative Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) to predict the level of difficulty of radical nephrectomy and enhance its safety and efficacy which could also be used for the judicious use of PAE in selected cases. Methods: In a prospective observational study on 52 patients with right renal masses from January 2014 to July 2018, we calculated a score based on CTA parameters. The patients were stratified for type and duration of surgery, blood loss, postoperative stay, and Clavien-Dindo grade of postoperative complications. Results: Patients were classified into three groups based on our scoring system. Progressively groups with higher score had higher blood loss, operating time, complications and hospital stay, and were more likely to have undergone conversion to open surgery (Area under curve 0.8625 for a cut off score of 10). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.678–1 for the different components of our score. Conclusion: The pre-operative CTA based SGPGI score evaluates right renal masses and is able to predict intra-operative difficulties effectively, leading to enhancement of surgery safety and efficacy. It also helps judiciously use PAE.

Background: Our systematic review and meta-analysis examine the impact of minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC) versus conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC). Some authors previously comp...

Operating on obese patients can increase case complexity and result in worse outcomes. We described the incremental impact of BMI on morbidity and outcomes of colorectal operations and whether laparoscopic and robotic(MIS) approaches mitigate this morbidity differently.A retrospective cohort of patients undergoing elective colorectal operations in SCOAP was created to examine the association of increasing BMI on surgical outcomes. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression models were constructed.From 2011 to 2019, 22,863 elective colorectal operations (mean age 62, 55% female) were performed at 42 hospitals. Patients had BMI≥30 in 7576(33%) and BMI≥40 in 1180(5%) of operations. After risk adjustment, BMI≥40 was associated with increased conversions(OR1.57,95%CI1.26-1.96), increased combined adverse events(CAE)(OR1.32,95%CI1.15-1.52), and death(OR2.24, 95%CI1.41-3.55)(all p 0.01). MIS approaches were each associated with lower CAE(lap OR0.49,95%CI0.46-0.53; robot OR0.42,95%CI0.37-0.47), and death(lap OR0.24,95%CI0.18-0.33; robot OR0.18,95%CI0.10-0.35)(all p 0.01).Severe obesity is associated with increased conversion rates and worse short-term outcomes after colorectal surgery, though this trend is partially mitigated with a minimally invasive approach. These findings support the broad application of MIS for colorectal operations in obese patients.

Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) involves a difficult learning curve, for which multiple difficulty scores have been proposed to assist with safe adaptation. The IWATE Criteria is a 4-level difficulty score shown to correlate with conversion to open surgery, estimated blood loss (EBL), and operative time in Japanese and French cohorts. We set out to validate the IWATE Criteria in a North American cohort, describe the evolution of our LLR program, and analyze the IWATE Criteria’s ability to predict conversion to open surgery. Patients that underwent LLR between January 2006 and December 2019 were selected from a prospectively maintained database. Difficulty outcomes, including conversion to open surgery, EBL, operative time, and post-operative complications were analyzed according to IWATE difficulty level, both overall and between chronological eras. The IWATE Criteria’s ability to predict conversion to open surgery was assessed with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A total of 426 patients met inclusion criteria. Operative time, EBL, and conversion to open surgery increased in concordance with low to advanced IWATE difficulty. ROC analysis for conversion to open surgery demonstrated an overall area under the curve (AUC) of 0.694. Predictive performance was superior during the first two eras, with AUCs of 0.771 and 0.775; predictive value decreased as the LLR program gained experience, with AUCs of 0.708 and 0.551 for eras three and four. This study validated the IWATE Criteria in a North American population distinct from previous Japanese and French cohorts, based on its correlation with operative time, EBL, and conversion to open surgery. The IWATE Criteria may be of utility for identification of LLR cases appropriate for surgeon experience, as well as determination of laparoscopic feasibility. Interval difficulty score recalibration may be warranted as surgeon perception of difficulty evolves.

Introduction The initial intercollegiate surgical guidance from the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes to practice. Avoidance of laparoscopy was recommended, to reduce aerosol generation and risk of virus transmission. Evidence on the safety profile of laparoscopy during the pandemic is lacking. This study compares patient outcomes and risk to staff from laparoscopic and open gastrointestinal operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Single-centre retrospective study of gastrointestinal operations performed during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic, comorbidity, perioperative and survival data were collected from electronic medical records and supplemented with patient symptoms reported at telephone follow up. Outcomes assessed were: patient mortality, illness among staff, patient COVID-19 rates, length of hospital stay and postdischarge symptomatology. Results A total of 73 patients with median age of 56 years were included; 55 (75%) and 18 (25%) underwent laparoscopic and open surgery, respectively. All-cause mortality was 5% (4/73), was related to COVID-19 in all cases, with no mortality after laparoscopic surgery. A total of 14 staff members developed COVID-19 symptoms within 2 weeks, with no significant difference between laparoscopic and open surgery (10 vs 4; p=0.331). Median length of stay was shorter in the laparoscopic versus the open group (4.5 vs 9.9 days; p=0.011), and postdischarge symptomatology across 15 symptoms was similar between groups (p=0.135–0.814). Conclusions With appropriate protective measures, laparoscopic surgery is safe for patients and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The laparoscopic approach maintains an advantage of shorter length of hospital stay compared with open surgery.

Objective To evaluate surgical and oncologic outcomes of patients treated by robot-assisted surgery for endometrial cancer within the Belgium Gynaecological Oncology Group (BGOG). Study design We performed a retrospective analysis of women with clinically Stage I endometrial cancer who underwent surgical treatment from 2007 to 2018 in five institutions of the BGOG group. Results A total of 598 consecutive women were identified. The rate of conversion to laparotomy was low (0.8%). The mean postoperative Complication Common Comprehensive Index (CCI) score was 3.4. The rate of perioperative complications did not differ between age groups, however the disease-free survival was significantly lower in patients over 75 years compared to patients under 65 years of age (p=0.008). Per-operative complications, conversion to laparotomy rate, post-operative hospital stay, CCI score and disease-free survival were not impacted by increasing BMI. Conclusion Robot-assisted surgery for the surgical treatment of patients suffering from early-stage endometrial cancer is associated with favourable surgical and oncologic outcomes, particularly for unfavourable groups such as elderly and obese women, thus permitting a low morbidity minimally-invasive surgical approach for the majority of patients in expert centres.

Background: Robotic adrenalectomy offers several clinical benefits if compared with laparoscopic adrenalectomy; however, its superiority is still under debate. The aim of this study was the investigation of differences between the two techniques, and a comparison when approaching right or left side adrenal lesions was further conducted. Materials and Methods: All patients undergoing laparoscopic and robotic unilateral adrenalectomy at our institution from January 2006 to December 2019 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted; differences between the two cohorts were reported. Results: A total of 160 cases were included (84 patients in laparoscopic adrenalectomy-group [LA-g] 76 cases in robotic adrenalectomy-group [RA-g]). The groups were homogeneous for demographic data. No intraoperative complications were reported; mean amount of intraoperative blood loss was comparable. No cases of conversion to open surgery were required. RA-g presented a longer operative time than LA-g for right adrenalectomy (P = .05), no differences were noted for left side (P = .187). Overall morbidity was 21% for LA-g and 10.5% for RA-g (P = .087), with an inferior rate of surgical complications for RA-g (P = .024), and for robotic left adrenalectomy than robotic right procedure (P = .03). Length of hospital stay was shorter for RA-g (P = .005). Conclusions: Robotic adrenalectomy presents similar outcomes as laparoscopic approach with some benefits for selected cases. Left adrenal lesions seem to receive greater advantages from robotic technique. Large randomized controlled trials are required to determine the role of robotic adrenal surgery and if the indication can be standardized based on the laterality of adrenal procedure.

Background Bile duct injury and conversion-to-open–surgery rates remain unacceptably high during laparoscopic and robotic cholecystectomy. In a recently published randomized clinical trial, using near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography with indocyanine green intraoperatively markedly enhanced biliary-structure visualization. Our systematic literature review compares bile duct injury and conversion-to-open–surgery rates in patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic cholecystectomy with versus without near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography. Methods A thorough PubMed search was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized clinical trials with ≥100 patients. Because all near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography studies were published since 2013, only studies without near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography published since 2013 were included for comparison. Incidence estimates, weighted and unweighted for study size, were adjusted for acute versus chronic cholecystitis, and for robotic versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy and are reported as events/10,000 patients. All studies were assessed for bias risk and high-risk studies excluded. Results In total, 4,990 abstracts were reviewed, identifying 5 near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography studies (3 laparoscopic cholecystectomy/2 robotic cholecystectomy; n = 1,603) and 11 not near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography studies (5 laparoscopic cholecystectomy/4 robotic cholecystectomy/2 both; n = 5,070) for analysis. Overall weighted rates for bile duct injury and conversion were 6 and 16/10,000 in near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography patients versus 25 and 271/10,000 in patients without near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography. Among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile duct injuries, and conversion rates among near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography versus patients without near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography were 0 and 23/10,000 versus 32 and 255/10,000, respectively. Bile duct injury rates were low with robotic cholecystectomy with and without near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography (12 and 8/10,000), but there was a marked reduction in conversions with near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography (12 vs 322/10,000). Conclusion Although large comparative trials remain necessary, preliminary analysis suggests that using near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography with indocyanine green intraoperatively sizably decreases bile duct injury and conversion-to-open–surgery rates relative to cholecystectomy under white light alone.

The present study was performed to clarify the benefits of interval laparoscopic appendectomy (ILA) for appendiceal abscess by comparison with emergency laparoscopic appendectomy (ELA), and to identify any risk factors associated with conversion to open ILA. Among 903 adult patients with acute appendicitis, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 58 patients with appendiceal abscess who had undergone either ILA after conservative treatment (ILA group; n = 44) or ELA (ELA group; n = 14). The two groups were compared with regard to surgical outcomes, and the risk factors for conversion to open surgery were also estimated in the ILA group. ILA was superior to ELA in terms of blood loss (median 5 ml vs. 50 ml; p

BACKGROUND Literature on laparoscopic resection of small-bowel neuroendocrine neoplasms consists of single case descriptions or small selected case-series only, likely because of challenging mesenteric lymphadenectomy. OBJECTIVE We evaluated an institutional change in approach from open to laparoscopic resection of small-bowel neuroendocrine neoplasm independent from lymph node involvement. DESIGN This is a retrospective comparative cohort study. SETTING This study was conducted at a tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Patients with small-bowel neuroendocrine neoplasms were included. INTERVENTIONS Laparoscopic or open segmental bowel resection with central mesenteric lymphadenectomy was the studied intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Complexity of lymphadenectomy was assessed by determining the distance between suspect lymph nodes and main mesenteric branches on preoperative CT. Number of (tumor-positive) lymph nodes, conversion to open surgery, and postoperative complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification and length of stay were measured. RESULTS A total of 34 patients were identified, of whom 11 (32%) underwent open and 23 (68%) laparoscopic surgery. Distances between lymph nodes and main mesenteric branches and number of examined and tumor-positive lymph nodes did not differ significantly. Laparoscopy was converted in 7 patients (30%). Major postoperative complications (grades 3-5) occurred in 1 patient (9%) in the open surgery group (grade 5) and 2 patients (9%) in the laparoscopic surgery group (grade 3b). The length of stay was 8 days (range, 6-18 d) in the open surgery group and 4 days (4-8 d) in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.036). LIMITATIONS Long-term outcomes could not reliably be assessed because of the relatively short follow-up time of the laparoscopy group. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic bowel resection with central mesenteric lymphadenectomy for small-bowel neuroendocrine neoplasm appears safe and associated with similar pathologic outcome and shorter length of stay in the setting of a tertiary referral center. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B512. VALOR DE LA LAPAROSCOPIA PARA LA RESECCIN DE NEOPLASIAS NEUROENDOCRINAS DEL INTESTINO DELGADO, INCLUIDA LA LINFADENECTOMA MESENTRICA CENTRAL ANTECEDENTES:La literatura sobre la reseccion laparoscopica de neoplasias neuroendocrinas del intestino delgado consiste en descripciones de casos unicos o en series de pequenos casos seleccionados, probablemente debido a la dificultad de la linfadenectomia mesenterica.OBJETIVO:Evaluamos un cambio institucional en el enfoque de la reseccion abierta a laparoscopica de SB-NEN independientemente de la afectacion de los ganglios linfaticos.DISENO:Este es un estudio de cohorte comparativo retrospectivo.AJUSTE:Este estudio se realizo en un centro de referencia terciario.PACIENTES:Pacientes con neoplasias neuroendocrinas de intestino delgado.INTERVENCIONES:Reseccion intestinal segmentaria laparoscopica o abierta con linfadenectomia mesenterica central.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:La complejidad de la linfadenectomia se evaluo determinando la distancia entre los ganglios linfaticos sospechosos y las principales ramas mesentericas en la TC preoperatoria. Numero de ganglios linfaticos (tumor positivos), conversion a cirugia abierta, complicaciones postoperatorias segun Clavien-Dindo y duracion de la estancia.RESULTADOS:Se identificaron 34 pacientes, de los cuales 11 (32%) fueron sometidos a cirugia abierta y 23 (68%) laparoscopica. Las distancias entre los ganglios linfaticos y las principales ramas mesentericas y el numero de ganglios linfaticos examinados y con tumores positivos no difirieron significativamente. La laparoscopia se convirtio en 7 pacientes (30%). Se produjeron complicaciones posoperatorias importantes (grados 3-5) en un paciente (9%) en el grupo de cirugia abierta (grado 5) y en 2 (9%) pacientes en el grupo de cirugia laparoscopica (grado 3b). La estancia intrahospitalaria fue de 8 dias (rango 6-18) en el grupo de cirugia abierta y 4 dias (4-8) en el grupo laparoscopico (p = 0.036).LIMITACIONES:Los resultados a largo plazo no se pudieron evaluar de manera confiable debido al seguimiento relativamente corto del grupo de laparoscopia.CONCLUSIONES:La reseccion intestinal laparoscopica con linfadenectomia mesenterica central para SB-NEN parece segura y se asocia con un resultado patologico similar y una estadia mas corta en el contexto de un centro de referencia terciario. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B512.

Background: Malrotation is a common congenital anomaly that can lead to bowel obstruction and ischemia if not corrected with a Ladd procedure. Controversy exists between open and laparoscopic appro...

The discussion is ongoing about appropriate indications for laparoscopic surgery in trauma patients. As timing and risks of conversion to laparotomy remain unclear, we aimed to elucidate characteristics of and risks for conversion following laparoscopic surgery, using a nationwide database.A retrospective observational study was conducted, using Japanese Trauma Data Bank (2004-2018). We included adult trauma patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery as an initial surgical intervention. Conversion to laparotomy was defined as laparotomy at the initial surgery. Patient demographics, mechanism and severity of injury, injured organs, timing of surgery, and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without conversion. Risks for conversion were analyzed focusing on indications for laparoscopic surgery, after adjusting patient and institution characteristics.Among 444 patients eligible for the study, 31 required conversions to laparotomy. The number of laparoscopic surgeries gradually increased over the study period (0.5-4.5% of trauma laparotomy), without changes in conversion rates (5-10%). Patients who underwent conversion had more severe abdominal injuries compared with those who did not (AIS 3 vs 2). While length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality were comparable, abdominal complications were higher among patients with conversion (12.9 vs. 2.9%), particularly when laparoscopy was performed for peritonitis (OR, 22.08 [5.11-95.39]). A generalized estimating equation model adjusted patient background and identified hemoperitoneum and peritoneal penetration as risks for conversion (OR, 24.07 [7.35-78.75] and 8.26 [1.20- 56.75], respectively).Trauma laparoscopy for hemoperitoneum and peritoneal penetration were associated with higher incidence of conversion to open laparotomy.

The prevalence of urolithiasis is 7-10% and has increased over the past years. Simple nephrectomy is, therefore, indicated when renal exclusion is associated with recurrent urinary tract infections and/or chronic pain.The aim of the study was to describe the surgical experience of laparoscopic nephrectomy (LPN) due to urolithiasis in Mexican South-east and which factors can predispose conversion to open surgery.This was a retrospective study including patients with renal exclusion secondary to urolithiasis, who underwent laparoscopic simple nephrectomy between 2016 and 2019.Forty simple LPN for renal exclusion due to urolithiasis was performed between 2016 and 2019. Mean age was 47 ± 10.8 and 82.5% were female. The mean BMI was 30.2 ± 5 kg/m2, mean operative time was 165.2 ± 64. Conversion rate was 12.5% (n = 5). Conversion was significantly associated with abnormal hilum vascular anatomy (p = 0.001), hilum adherences (p = 0.001), and hydronephrosis (p = 0.001).LPN is a safe surgical technique for renal exclusion due to urolithiasis. Hydronephrosis, abnormal vascular anatomy, and the adherences that involved de hilum are the factors that could predictive conversion to open surgery.La prevalencia the urolitiasis es del 7-10% sin embargo a presentado un incremento del numero de casos en los ultimos años. La nefrectomia simple laparoscopica esta indicada en pacientes con exclusión renal asociado a cuadros repetitivos de infecciones en el tracto urinario y o dolor cronico a nivel fosa renal.Describir la experiencia de nefrectomia simple laparoscopica en pacientes con exclusion renal secundario litiasis en un hospital del sur de México, y que factores pueden predisponer la conversión a cirugia abierta.Estudio restrospectivo que incluyo pacientes con exclusion renal secundario a urolitiasis durante el periodo comprendido entre 2016 y 2019.Se realizaron 40 nefrectomias simples laparoscopica durante el periodo comprendido 2016 y 2019 en paciente con exclusion renal asociada a litiasis. La media edad 47 ± 10.8 años, el 82.5% de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino. La media de Indice de masa corporal fue de 30.2 ± 5 kg/m2, La tasa de conversion fue del 12.5% (n = 5), los factores que se asociaron a conversion a cirugia abierta fueron anormalidades dependientes del hilio vascular renal (p = 0.001)., adherencias dependientes del hilio renal (p = 0.001). e hidronefrosis (p = 0.001).La nefrectomia simple laparocopica es un procedimiento seguro en pacienres con exclusion renal secundaria a urolitiasis. Hidronefrosis, anormalidades dependientes del hilio vascular renal y adherencias que involucren el hilio renal son factores que pueden predisponer conversion a cirugia abierta.

Resection of diverticular disease can be technically challenging. Tissue planes can be difficult to identify intraoperatively due to inflammation or fibrosis. Robotic surgery may improve identification of tissue planes and dissection which can facilitate difficult minimally invasive resections. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the role of robotic surgery compared to laparoscopic surgery in diverticular resection.A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The search was completed using PubMed, OVID MEDLINE and EMBASE. A total of 490 articles were retrieved, and studies reporting primary outcomes for robotic diverticular resection were included in the final analysis. A meta-analysis of studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic surgery was performed on rate of conversion to open surgery and complications.Fifteen articles (8 cohort studies and 7 case series) reporting 3711 robotic diverticular resections were analysed. In comparison to laparoscopic, robotic surgery for diverticular disease was associated with a reduced conversion to open and a longer operating time. Meta-analysis showed robotic resection was associated with a lower conversion rate compared to laparoscopic surgery (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.49-0.66, p 0.001). There was no significant difference in grade III and above complications (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.49-1.13, p = 0.17). Operating time was longer with a robotic approach (Hedge's G: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.04-0.81, p = 0.03).Robotic resection is a feasible and safe option in diverticular disease. Although associated with a longer operating time, robotic surgery may render diverticular disease resectable with a minimally invasive approach that would have otherwise necessitated a laparotomy. Randomised controlled data is required to better define the role of robotic surgery for diverticular disease resections.

The perforation of the upper gastrointestinal tract is still associated with a high risk of complications and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the optimal treatment and post-treatment complications for this condition. This was a retrospective, single-center study conducted between 2010 and 2019. We analyzed 50 patients with intraperitoneal free air caused by peptic ulcer (44 cases) or cancer (six cases). All patients initially received either conservative therapy (n = 7) or surgery (n = 43). The nonsurgically cured patients were significantly younger and had mild peritonitis and also had a shorter hospital stay. Two patients were converted to surgery due to worsening symptoms, and one of them was elderly and had a long perforation-to-treatment time. Regarding postoperative complications, patients with Grade II–V (n = 21) were significantly older and had a poorer physical status, longer perforation-to-surgery time, and higher preoperative CRP and lactate than those with Grade 0–I (n = 24). Multivariable analyses identified elevated preoperative lactate as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. The patients with noncurative surgery for perforated advanced gastric cancer all died within 1 year after surgery. Consideration should be given to the nonsurgical indications in elderly and delayed treatment patients and the postoperative outcomes of patients with preoperatively elevated lactate levels.

BACKGROUND As the prevalence of obesity continues to increase worldwide, we aimed to determine the surgical outcomes of obese patients with acute appendicitis undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing LA during the period 2006 to 2019 was performed. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: G1, patients with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 and G2: patients with body mass index

Background The use of indocyanine green during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been postulated to help to define anatomy. Studies have not specifically evaluated patients with acute cholecystitis. We sought to assess whether use of indocyanine green can decrease the rate of bail-out operation (subtotal cholecystectomy or conversion to an open operation) in an acute care surgery population where acute cholecystitis is more frequent. Methods Using a retrospective cohort design, we examined all inpatient cholecystectomies performed by the acute care surgery service under urgent or semiurgent (biliary colic as the presentation in the emergency room) conditions at a single institution from 7/1/18 to 6/30/19 during which indocyanine green was available for use at the surgeon’s discretion. Results A total of 198 patients were included in the analysis. Demographic variables were similar in groups receiving indocyanine green versus not. Pathology confirmed acute cholecystitis was present in 96 of 198 (48.5%) patients; of those, 55 (57.2%) received indocyanine green. Indocyanine green did not change the rate of bail-out operation between patients who received indocyanine green and those who did not (6.7% vs 4.3%, P = .468). No significant differences in complications were observed. Bail-out operation was more likely in cases of acute cholecystitis (9.4%) versus nonacute cholecystitis (2.0%) (odds ratio = 5.172, P = .039). In patients with acute cholecystitis, indocyanine green did not change the rate of bail-out operation (indocyanine green: 12.7% vs no indocyanine green: 4.9%, P = .293). Conclusion This is the first series looking at the use of indocyanine green specifically in an acute care surgery population. Indocyanine green did not decrease operative time or need for a bail-out operation in acute cholecystitis. Further study is needed to determine whether indocyanine green use is justified in this population.

BACKGROUND/AIM To identify prognostic factors for patients with stage IV gastric cancer (GC) and a single stage IV factor before chemotherapy who underwent conversion surgery (R0 resection). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study retrospectively analysed 32 GC patients with a single stage IV factor before chemotherapy and who underwent conversion surgery (R0 resection) between January 2001 and September 2015. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS The five-year survival rate was 39.6%, and the median survival time was 47.0 months. In the univariate analysis, diffuse-type according to Lauren classification was significantly associated with worse overall survival (p

Background Portal vein thrombosis can be a life-threatening complication associated with a splenectomy. Laparoscopic splenectomy has been suggested to cause an increased rate of portal vein thrombosis. Our study evaluated the rate of portal vein thrombosis in pediatric patients who underwent a splenectomy via single-site laparoscopy. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy from November 2012 to July 2019. Demographic data, operative details, postoperative imaging, and patient outcomes were obtained for analysis. Patients were contacted to determine if they had any complications for which they sought medical care elsewhere. Results There were 78 pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy over the 7-year period. The most common indication was sickle cell disease (70.5%). Single-incision laparoscopy was performed in 61.5% of the cases. Eight were converted to open. Eleven patients (14.1%) had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed during the same operation. The overall complication rate was 8.9%. A quarter of our patients had imaging within 1 year of surgery; no portal vein thrombosis was identified. In addition, over half of the patients were recontacted for follow-up questioning. None of the patients surveyed sought medical care elsewhere for a surgery-related complication or sequela of a portal vein thrombus. Discussion Single-incision laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe approach in children. Using the single-site platform allows the flexibility to perform additional operations, such as cholecystectomy, without the placement of additional ports. This analysis shows that patients undergoing single-incision laparoscopic splenectomy do not have a higher rate for portal vein thrombosis.

Summary Background Cholecystectomy may be difficult and hazardous, causing major morbidity and mortality. This review aims to identify situations increasing the probability of difficult gallbladders and present today’s best practice to overcome them. Methods Review of the literature and expert comment. Results One in six gallbladders is expected to be a difficult cholecystectomy. The majority can be predicted by patient history, clinical symptoms, and pre-existing comorbidities. Acute cholecystitis, mild biliary pancreatitis, prior endoscopic sphincterotomy, and liver cirrhosis are the predominant underlying diseases. Early or delayed cholecystectomy, percutaneous cholecystostomy, and pure conservative treatment are evidence-based options. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is of advantage in patients fit for surgery, with subtotal cholecystectomy or conversion to open surgery as bail-out strategies. The choice of the procedure depends on the experience of the surgeon. Conclusion Clinical decisions should follow a pathway based on patients’ risk, favoring laparoscopic cholecystectomy whenever possible. The implementation of an institutional pathway to deal with difficult gallbladders is recommended.

Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare inflammatory disease of the gallbladder (GB). XGC surgery is a difficult process due to its clinical, radiological, and intraoperativ...

Objective Endovascular repair is the preferred method of treatment for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms with numerous publications from multiple geographic regions showing excellent patient outcomes. Since the original ACE (Anevrysme de l'aorte abdominale: Chirurgie versus Endoprothese) randomised control trial, studies of French specific population have also contributed significantly to the body of evidence in support of endovascular abdominal aortic repair. Methods In the ENDURANT France registry, 180 patients were consecutively enrolled from 20 French centres starting in 2012. Investigational sites included public and private practice and differing centre volumes to be as representative of real world French experience as possible. The aim of this study was to present the five year outcomes from this registry. Results Instructions for use (IFU) were respected in 97.8% (176/180) of patients. At five years, the Kaplan–Meier overall survival was 69.9% ± 3.5% and the freedom from aneurysm related death was 97.6% ± 1.2%. The freedom from Type IA endoleaks was 94.5% ± 1.7%, freedom from endoleaks of any type was 70.1 ± 3.4%, and freedom from secondary endovascular procedure 90.4% ± 2.6%. In addition, 61.6% (45/73) of patients exhibited sac shrinkage at five years. Conclusion In this five year report of the Endurant France registry, survival, re-intervention, and freedom from endoleak rates were comparable to recent EVAR registries and there was a high sac shrinkage rate. Secondary procedure and aneurysm rupture were lower than those of ACE, the French RCT which included older generation devices. This prospective registry demonstrates favourable five year outcomes of the Endurant stent graft used within IFU.

Objective Our study aimed to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of patients who required emergent conversion from transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to open surgery. Besides, the reasons and procedural settings of emergent cardiac surgery (ECS) were also reported. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the patients who underwent TAVI in our institution between 2012 and 2019 and collected the clinical data of cases who converted from TAVI to bail-out surgery. Telephone and outpatient follow-ups were performed. Results Of 516 TAVI patients, 20 required ECS, and the bail-out surgery occurred less frequently with the increase in TAVI volume. The most common reason for conversion was left ventricular perforation (7/20, 35.0%). Thirty-day mortality was 35.0% in ECS patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the cumulative survival rate was 65.0% at 1 year, 50.1% at 5 years in all ECS patients, and 77.1% at 5 years in patients who survived over 30 days after conversion. Conclusion Although the bail-out operation was performed immediately after TAVI abortion, ECS still associated with high 30-day mortality. The long-term survival benefit was seen in patients surviving from bail-out surgery. An experienced TAVI team is of crucial importance in avoiding ECS-related life-threatening complications and providing effective salvage surgery.

Background: Surgery is considered a cornerstone of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. In the last years, robotic surgery has seen an increase in adoption rates for both benign and malignant diseases. Objective: This work aims to review the current applications of robotic surgery in IBD. Discussion and Conclusion: Minimally-invasive techniques have been applied to the treatment of IBD for more than 20 years. Investments in surgical digital and robotic platforms are increasingly arising, with an estimate of getting doubled within the next 5 years. Robotic surgery represents the newest technology available to reduce the impact of surgery on patients affected by IBD, and may theoretically be even more effective than other minimally-invasive techniques given the lower rate of conversion to open surgery as compared to laparoscopy according to many large retrospective series. Data on robotic surgery applied to IBD are still scarce and initial experiences in high-volume centers from retrospective series suggested that robotic surgery may achieve similar results when compared to laparoscopy. A new wave of robotics incorporating artificial intelligence is awaited to empower the capability of IBD surgeon in terms of intraoperative decision-making beyond technical skill enhancement.

Objective To assess the emergence of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for disparities in utilization, and impacts on perioperative outcomes. Methods Retrospective cohort study of the National Cancer Database, selecting for patients with T1NxM0 endometrial cancer undergoing minimally invasive surgical staging from 2012 to 2016. Disparities in SLNB utilization were described. Propensity matching was performed. Association of SLNB with perioperative outcomes was assessed with logistic regression. Results Among 67,365 patients, 6356 (9.4%) underwent SLNB, increasing from 2.8% to 16.3% from 2012 to 2016. Disparities were identified within race (7.0% Black, 9.4% non-Black), ethnicity (8.3% Hispanic, 9.5% non-Hispanic), insurance (6.0% uninsured, 9.5% insured), county density (3.7% rural, 9.8% metro), and income (7.0% bottom-quartile, 11.8% top-quartile). Risk of conversion to open surgery was lower with SLNB alone (1.03%) or SLNB followed by LND (1.40%), versus upfront LND (2.80%). SLNB was associated with reduced risk of conversion to open surgery in Intention-To-Treat (SLNB+/-LND vs. upfront LND; ORITT = 0.53; 95%CI 0.39–0.72) and Per-Protocol (PP; SLNB alone vs. upfront LND or SLNB+LND; ORPP = 0.49; 95%CI 0.32–0.75) comparisons. SLNB was also associated with lower risk of length of stay >1 day (overall rate 6.3%; ORITT = 0.51; 95%CI 0.40–0.64; ORPP = 0.39; 95%CI 0.28–0.55), and unplanned readmission (overall rate 2.3%; ORPP = 0.52; 95%CI 0.33–0.81). There were no deaths within 90 days among 1370 SLNB alone cases, versus 2/1294 (0.15%) for SLNB+LND, and 123/28,828 (0.41%) for upfront LND. Conclusion We identified significant disparities in the utilization of SLNB, as well as evidence that this less-invasive technique is associated with lower rates of certain perioperative complications. Equitable access to this emerging technique could lessen disparate outcomes.

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare survival outcomes of total abdominal radical hysterectomy (TARH) versus laparoscopy-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (LARVH) in stage IA2-IB2 cervical cancer. Methods 812 patients who underwent RH between 2008 and 2017 were evaluated in 3 institutions. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. The clinical noninferiority of the LARVH to TARH was assessed with a margin of −7.2%. Noninferiority was demonstrated if the low limit of 95% confidence interval (CI) exceeded its predefined margin. Results 258 patients were treated with TARH and 252 patients with LARVH. TARH and LARVH group had similar 5-year PFS (84.4% vs 86.6%, p = 0.467) and OS rates (85.8% vs 88.0%, p = 0.919). Noninferiority of LARVH to TARH were confirmed with 5-year PFS and OS difference rates of 2.2% (95% CI -2.9–7.3, p = 0.001) and 2.2% (95% CI -2.7–7.1, p = 0.001), respectively. In subgroup of patients with tumors size >2 cm, 5-year PFS (77.6% vs 79.0%, p = 0.682) and OS rates (79.2% vs 81.5%, p = 0.784) did not differ statistically between the two groups. Noninferiority of LARVH to TARH were also confirmed with 5-year PFS and OS difference rates of 1.4% (95% CI -7.0–9.8, p = 0.046) and 2.3% (95% CI -5.8–10.4, p = 0.027), respectively. Conclusion LARVH showed significant noninferiority for PFS and OS versus TARH in early cervical cancer, suggesting the potential oncologic safety of LARVH.

Our study aimed to investigate whether the frame design of transcatheter heart valve (THV) affects the procedural and clinical results of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).We retrospectively reviewed 163 patients with aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI using different types of THV (Edwards SAPIEN, n = 31; Venus-A, n = 63; and J-Valve, n = 69). The procedural outcomes and follow-up results for 1-year were compared among groups.The patients who underwent TAVI using J-Valve had a higher mean transaortic pressure gradient than those using SAPIEN or Venus-A after TAVI (1-year follow-up; P = 0.017, P < 0.001, respectively), whereas no difference was observed between the patients with SAPIEN and Venus-A prosthesis (P = 0.150). The incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation was highest in patients with Venus-A (19.0%), followed by SAPIEN (9.7%), and lowest in J-Valve (4.3%) (P = 0.025). No difference was observed in the 30-day mortality rate among the groups (P = 1.000). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the 1-year cumulative patient survival rate among three patient cohorts (log-rank, P = 0.850).The frame design of THVs could affect the valve-related hemodynamics and the incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation in TAVI, whereas it did not influence the survival rate of TAVI patients during 1-year follow-up period. All three THVs provided a convincing short-term outcome for TAVI patients.

Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is technically complex. This study aimed to identify risk factors for suboptimal laparoscopic surgery (involved margins, incomplete mesorectal excision, and/or conversion to open surgery) in patients with rectal cancer. We included patients undergoing laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer between June 2009 and June 2018. We defined the outcome variable suboptimal laparoscopic surgery as conversion to open surgery or inadequate histopathological specimens (margins < 1 mm or involved and/or poor-quality mesorectal excision). To identify independent predictors of suboptimal laparoscopic surgery, we analyzed 15 prospectively recorded demographic, clinical, and anthropometric variables obtained from our rectal cancer unit’s database. Subanalyses examined the same variables with respect to conversion and to inadequate histopathological specimens. Of the 323 patients included, 91 (28.2%) had suboptimal laparoscopic surgery. In the multivariate analysis, the independent factors associated with all suboptimal laparoscopic surgery were tumor location ≤ 5 cm from the anal verge (OR = 2.95, 0.95% CI 1.32–6.60; p = 0.008) and the intertuberous distance (OR = 0.79, 0.95% CI 0.65–0.96; p = 0.019). In the subanalyses, the promontorium-retropubic axis was an independent predictor of conversion (OR 0.70, 0.95% CI 0.51–0.96; p = 0.026), and tumor location ≤ 5 cm from the anal verge (OR 3.71, 0.95% 1.51–9.15; p = 0.004) was an independent predictor of inadequate histopathological specimens. Predictive factors for suboptimal laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer were tumor location and the intertuberous distance. These results could help surgeons decide whether to use other surgical approaches in complex cases. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.org (No. NCT03107650).

Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the current available evidence regarding the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic redo fundoplication (LRF). Summary background data Although antireflux surgery is highly effective, a minority of patients will require a LRF due to recurrent symptoms, mechanical failure, or intolerable side-effects of the primary repair. Methods A systematic electronic search on LRF was conducted in the Medline database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Conversion and postoperative morbidity were used as primary endpoints to determine feasibility and safety. Symptom improvement, quality of life (QoL) improvement, and recurrence rates were used as secondary endpoints to assess efficacy. Heterogeneity across studies was tested with the chi-square and the proportion of total variation attributable to heterogeneity was estimated by the inconsistency (I) statistic. A random-effect model was used to generate a pooled proportion with 95% confidence interval (CI) across all studies. Results A total of 30 studies and 2,095 LRF were included. The mean age at reoperation was 53.3 years. The weighted pooled proportion of conversion was 6.02% (95% CI, 4.16%-8.91%) and the meta-analytic prevalence of major morbidity was 4.98% (95% CI, 3.31%-6.95%). The mean follow-up period was 25 (6-58) months. The weighted pooled proportion of symptom and QoL improvement was 78.50% (95% CI, 74.71%-82.03%) and 80.65% (95% CI, 75.80%-85.08%), respectively. The meta-analytic prevalence estimate of recurrence across the studies was 10.71% (95% CI, 7.74%-14.10%). Conclusions LRF is a feasible and safe procedure that provides symptom relief and improved quality of life to the vast majority of patients. Although heterogeneously assessed, recurrence rates appear to be low. LRF should be considered a valuable treatment modality for patients with failed antireflux surgery.

Background: Laparoscopic splenectomy for malignant hemopathies has been associated with a higher morbidity than for benign hemopathies. Recent progress in medical and surgical treatment for maligna...

Resumen Introducción. Alrededor de un 10 % de las laparoscopias se convierten a cirugía abierta por dificultades en obtener una visión crítica durante la colecistectomía en colecistitis severas. La colecistectomía subtotal es una posibilidad terapéutica disponible, que disminuye la tasa de conversión en cirugía laparoscópica y mantiene bajas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía subtotal en la Clínica CES (Medellín, Colombia) entre enero y diciembre de 2015. Se identificaron variables demográficas, detalles de la cirugía, morbilidad y mortalidad. Resultados. De un total de 710 colecistectomías en dicho periodo, a 17 (2,4 %) se les realizó colecistectomía subtotal. Quince (88 %) de ellas fueron por laparoscopia y dos requirieron conversión. La distribución en cuanto a sexo fue similar (10 mujeres / 7 hombres) y la edad promedio fue de 51 años. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 119 minutos. En 14 (82 %) pacientes se dejó drenaje subhepático. Dos pacientes presentaron fístula biliar y un paciente reingresó por un hematoma; no se presentaron otras complicaciones. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 5,2 días. Discusión. La colecistectomía subtotal es una alternativa en pacientes con colecistectomía difícil y en nuestra experiencia presenta una alta tasa de éxito. Abstract Introduction. About 10% of laparoscopics are converted to open surgery due to difficulties in obtaining critical vision during cholecystectomy in severe cholecystitis. Subtotal cholecystectomy is an available therapeutic possibility, which decreases the conversion rate in laparoscopic surgery and maintains low morbidity and mortality rates. Methods. Descriptive, retrospective study of patients who underwent subtotal cholecystectomy between January and December 2015. Demographic variables, details of surgery, morbidity and mortality were identified. Results. Of a total of yio cholecystectomies in that period, 17 (2.4%) underwent subtotal cholecystectomy. Fifteen (88%) of them were by laparoscopy and two required conversion. The gender distribution was similar (10 women/7 men) and the average age was 51 years. The average surgical time was 119 minutes. Subhepatic drainage was left in 14 (82%) patients. Two patients had a biliary fistula and one patient was readmitted for a hematoma; there were no other complications. The average hospital stay was 5.2 days. Discussion. Subtotal cholecystectomy is an alternative in patients with difficult cholecystectomy and in our experience, it has a high success rate.

Laparoscopic liver resection is a demanding procedure that is undergoing continuous development. The surgeon's skill is constantly improving, new surgical instruments are being introduced, and the indications for this procedure are expanding. However, there is still great concern about patient safety during the procedure and it is not commonly performed in many centers, although numerous studies have confirmed the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic liver techniques. Our center tries to use laparoscopy routinely for most cases and we do not consider conversion to open surgery to be a complication. We present our current opinion on patient selection for laparoscopic liver resection in the hope of encouraging more centers to adopt and develop this technique. Although laparoscopic liver resection is not an official standard of care, it should be considered according to the surgeon's experience and available resources.

Purpose: Unplanned conversion from minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to open surgery is a significant challenge, although the frequency of conversion for robotic and laparoscopic kidney surgery is n...

Robotic-assisted gastrectomy is increasingly utilized for the treatment of gastric malignancies. However, the benefits of robotic surgery have been questioned. This study describes short-term outcomes in the establishment of a comprehensive robotic program for gastric malignancies.Patients who underwent robotic-assisted gastric resections between 2013 and 2018 were studied. Preoperative measures and surgical outcomes were analyzed. Finally we studied and analyzed robotic and open gastrectomy for the management of gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) at the same institution between 2000 and 2018 for quality benchmarking.Forty six patients (pts.) underwent robotic-assisted gastric resections. 26 (56.5%) were male, with a median age of 62 y (range: 29-87). Pathology included GC, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, metastatic lesions, and benign processes. 19 pts. underwent total gastrectomy, 16 distal gastrectomy, four subtotal gastrectomy, and seven wedge resection. Pts. undergoing distal gastrectomy and wedge resection experienced shorter operative times and length of stay than total gastrectomy (P 0.01; P 0.01). Four operations (8.8%) were converted to open and 13 pts (28.3%) had postoperative complications, including an 8.7% readmission rate. Median lymph nodes retrieved during total, subtotal, and distal gastrectomy were 20 (13-46), 12.5 (0-26), and 16.5 (0-34), respectively. All pts. underwent margin negative resection. Median follow-up for GC was 21 mo, and 60% of pts. received adjuvant therapy at a median of 59d (range: 23-106).Robotic gastrectomy is a feasible alternative to open gastrectomy. Our results will help establish benchmarks to improve perioperative outcomes, especially length of stay and time to initiation of therapy.

Although endoscopic thyroidectomy via the bilateral areola approach (ETBAA) has shown cosmetic advantage over open surgery, the risk factors of conversion to open surgery and its impact on patients remain unknown. The objective of this study is to analyze the predictors for conversion to open procedure in patients who underwent ETBAA and its related outcomes. The clinical data of patients who underwent ETBAA from May 2010 to May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to operation notes: the conversion group and the non-conversion group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors for conversion to open surgery. Altogether, 140 patients were included in this study. Sixteen (11.4%) patients underwent conversion during ETBAA. Four factors demonstrated significant difference between the two groups: sex (P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.021), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) level (P = 0), and antithyroglobulin antibody (ATG) level (P = 0). Further univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex (P = 0.006), TPOAb level>7.8 IU/ml (P = 0.005), and ATG level>79 IU/ml (P = 0.003) had a significant correlation with conversion to open surgery in ETBAA. Prolonged operative time, increased surgical cost, and less patient cosmetic satisfaction were demonstrated in the conversion group (P

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes between minimally invasive and open surgery in the treatment of endometrial carcinosarcoma.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all patients with newly diagnosed endometrial carcinosarcoma who underwent primary surgery via any approach at our institution from January 2009 to January 2018. Patients with known bulky disease identified on preoperative imaging were excluded. The χ2 and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to estimate survival, and compared using the log rank test.ResultsWe identified 147 eligible patients, of whom 37 (25%) underwent an open approach and 110 (75%) underwent minimally invasive surgery. Within the minimally invasive group, 92 (84%) of 110 patients underwent a robotic procedure and 14 (13%) underwent a laparoscopic procedure. Four minimally invasive cases (4%) were converted to open procedures. Median age, body mass index, operative time, stage, complication grade, and use of adjuvant treatment were clinically and statistically similar between groups. Median length of hospital stay in the open group was 4 days (range 3–21) compared with 1 day (range 0–6) in the minimally invasive group (pConclusionsIn patients with clinical stage I endometrial carcinosarcoma, minimally invasive compared with open surgery was not associated with poor oncologic outcomes, but with a shorter length of hospital stay and a lower rate of overall complications.

Objective We sought to review the types of incidental durotomies (IDs) that occurred during the endoscopic stenosis lumbar decompression through interlaminar approach (ESLD) and discuss the management strategies according to our classification. Methods A retrospective evaluation was performed for patients with spinal stenosis who underwent ESLD. Out of 330 patients, 27 patients of ID were clinically evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively on the basis of a visual analog scale score, Oswestry Disability Index, and MacNab's criteria. ID patterns are classified according to the size, location, and involvement of neural elements. Intraoperative and postoperative surgical management was evaluated. Results Intraoperative incidence of ID was 8.2%. According to lumbar levels, 11 (40.7%) occurred at L3-4, 12 (44.4%) at L4-5, and 4 (14.8%) at L5-S1 ID cases. IDs were divided into 4 types: 29.6% are type 1, 70% are type 2, 7.4% are type 3, and 3.7% are type 4. Overall for mean and standard deviation preoperative, 1 week postoperative, 3 months, and final follow-up for visual analog scale are 7.6 ± 1.4, 3.3 ± 1.1, 2.6 ± 1.1, and 1.9 ± 1.3, and for Oswestry Disability Index are 74.5 ± 9.0, 32.3 ± 9.4, 27.3 ± 7.2, and 24.4 ± 6.5 after patch blocking dura repair of ID. Conclusions ID is a more common surgical complication in ESLD compared with the transforaminal approach. The endoscopic patch blocking dura repair technique should be considered in type 1 to type 3A of dura tear with good prognosis and clinical outcome. Consideration is made for conversion to open repair in types 3B, 3C and 4 dura tears with fair to poor outcome.

Living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is the most realistic option for patients with end-stage kidney disease because of a severe shortage of deceased donors. Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN) and hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy (HARDN) have been undertaken at our institute. We compared these 2 surgical procedures with respect to donor outcome and the graft function of recipients.We reviewed data from 840 consecutive live-donor kidney transplants from October 2003 to April 2019. Propensity scores were calculated for each patient using bivariate logistic regression.After propensity-score matching, the 2 groups each contained 205 patients. Donors in the HALDN group had a longer procedure time (217 minutes, P .0001), less estimated blood loss (51 mL, P .0001), lower serum levels of C-reactive protein at postoperative day (POD) 1 (7.9 mg/dL, P .0001) than those in the HARDN group. There were 22 modified Clavien-classifiable complications among the study groups. A significantly higher conversion to open surgery was noted in the HARDN group (P = .0181) than in the HALDN group, but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of complications in either group. There was no significant difference in the estimated glomerular filtration rate of recipients at POD14 between the 2 groups.Safety and early graft function of HALDN in LDKT are comparable to or even better than that of HARDN.

Background Within the last years, single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SLC) emerged as an alternative to multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC). SLC has advantages in cosmetic results, and postoperative pain seems lower. Overall complications are comparable between SLC and MLC. However, long-term results of randomized trials are lacking, notably to answer questions about incisional hernia rates, long-term cosmetic impact and chronic pain. Methods A randomized trial of SLC versus MLC with a total of 193 patients between December 2009 and June 2011 was performed. The primary endpoint was postoperative pain on the first day after surgery. Secondary endpoints were conversion rate, operative time, intraoperative and postoperative morbidity, technical feasibility and hospital stay. A long-term follow-up after surgery was added. Results Ninety-eight patients (50.8%) underwent SLC, and 95 patients (49.2%) had MLC. Pain on the first postoperative day showed no difference between the operative procedures (SLC vs. MLC, 3.4 ± 1.8 vs. 3.7 ± 1.9, respectively; p = 0.317). No significant differences were observed in operating time or the overall rate of postoperative complications (4.1% vs. 3.2%; p = 0.731). SLC exhibited better cosmetic results in the short term. In the long term, after a mean of 70.4 months, there were no differences in incisional hernia rate, cosmetic results or pain at the incision between the two groups. Conclusions Taking into account a follow-up rate of 68%, the early postoperative advantages of SLC in relation to cosmetic appearance and pain did not persist in the long term. In the present trial, there was no difference in incisional hernia rates between SLC and MLC, but the sample size is too small for a final conclusion regarding hernia rates. Trial registration German Registry of Clinical Trials DRKS00012447

Background Data regarding the effect of conversion from minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to laparotomy in rectal cancer is limited. This study examines the impact of conversion from laparoscopic or robotic-assisted techniques to open resection on oncologic outcomes in a large population database. Methods The National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2016 was reviewed for all cases of invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectum or rectosigmoid junction managed surgically. Patients were divided into 3 cohorts by approach: laparoscopic/robotic (MIS), converted proctectomy (CP), and open proctectomy (OP). Kaplan–Meier estimation was used for unadjusted survival analysis, followed by adjusted multivariable Cox-Proportional Hazards regression. Secondary outcomes were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Results The inclusion criteria identified 57 574 patients cases of adenocarcinoma of the rectum managed surgically. Of these patients, 23 579 (41.0%) underwent MIS, 3591 (6.2%) CP, and 30 404 (52.8%) OP. Five-year overall survival was greater in the MIS (70.4%) versus CP and OP (64.4% and 61.4%). No differences were detected for positive margins, 30-day, or 90-day mortality between CP and OP. MIS and CP approaches were significantly associated with increased odds of 12 or more regional lymph nodes examined and decreased overall mortality hazard compared with OP (all respective significant P < .05). Discussion While similar odds of positive margins and short-term mortality is seen in patients whose procedure converts to laparotomy compared with planned laparotomy, both short-term and long-term oncologic benefit is seen in those who undergo a minimally invasive approach. Thus, a minimally invasive approach should be attempted for patients with rectal cancer.

We analyzed the risk of morbidity and mortality in laparoscopic (Lap) conversion for colorectal surgery across a group of subspecialist surgeons with expertise in minimally invasive techniques. We reviewed prospective data patients who underwent abdominopelvic procedures from 7/1/2007 to 12/31/2016 at a tertiary care facility. We identified procedures that were converted from Lap to open (Lap converted). Lap converted procedures were matched to Lap completed and open procedures based on elective versus urgent and surgeon. We also abstracted patient demographics and outcomes at 30 days using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program defined adverse event list. We analyzed outcomes across these groups (Lap converted, Lap completed, open procedures) with x2 and t tests and used the Bonferroni Correction to account for multiple statistical testing. From a database of 12,454 procedures, we identified 100 Lap converted procedures and matched them to 305 open procedures and 339 Lap completed procedures. In our dataset of abdominopelvic procedures, Lap techniques were attempted in 49 ± 1%. We noted a higher risk of aggerate morbidity following open procedures (33 ± 10) as compared to Lap converted (29 ± 17%) and the matched Lap completed procedures (18 ± 8%; p