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Sultanate of Bima faces various challenges, especially in the economic and political fields of government. Trade freedom had been the main pillar of the economy, threatened by the Dutch trade monopoly. Sovereignty and territorial integrity are threatened by the " Lange Contract " ( long contract ) which was imposed by the Dutch colonial government . The agreement " Lange Contract " ( long contract ) with the Netherlands has made people's anger overflowed. Anger was manifested by the resistance of the people of N g Ali against occupation of the Netherlands in the years 1908-1909. The purpose of writing this is to examine more deeply about the background behind the constellation of politics in the Sultanate of Bima so that the P groaned Ngali , and the impact of P groaned Ngali.

Penggunaan true shallot seed (TSS) sebagai bahan tanam masih rendah karena ketersediaannya sedikit dan teknik budidaya belum dikembangkan. Produksi TSS di dataran rendah menjadi alternatif karena sebagian besar bawang merah di Indonesia diproduksi di dataran rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mutu TSS di dataran rendah. Penelitian dilakukan di dataran rendah Subang (100 mdpl) dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bahan tanaman yang diperlukan adalah umbi bawang merah varietas Bima yang divernalisasi tiga minggu pada suhu 10°C. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dua faktor yang diulang empat kali. Faktor pertama adalah dosis P2O5 (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg ha-1) dan faktor kedua adalah dosis K2O5 (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg.ha-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian P dengan dosis 400 kg ha-1 mampu meningkatkan daya berkecambah, indeks vigor dan potensi tumbuh maksimum TSS. Peningkatan pupuk K tidak berpengaruh terhadap semua parameter pembungaan kecuali jumlah bunga per tanaman dan persentase pembentukan kapsul. Pemberian 50 Kg K2O ha-1 mampu meningkatkan jumlah bunga per tanaman hingga 70.9 kuntum, sementara pemberian 200 kg K2O ha-1 mampu meningkatkan persentase pembentukan kapsul sebesar 54.82%. Kombinasi pemberian dosis 400 kg P2O5 ha-1 dan K 200 Kg ha-1 mampu meningkatkan daya berkecambah sebesar 74.7 % dan indeks vigor dengan nilai maksimum sebesar 92%, sedangkan dosis 200 Kg P2O5 ha-1 mampu meningkatkan potensi tumbuh maksimum TSS sebesar 64%.

Background Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a serious illness that can be fatal if untreated or misdiagnosed. Culture from clinical specimens remains the gold standard but has low diagnostic sensitivity. Method In this study, we developed a rapid, sensitive and specific insulated isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction (iiPCR) targeting bimA gene (Burkholderia Intracellular Motility A; BPSS1492) for the identification of B. pseudomallei. A pair of novel primers: BimA(F) and BimA(R) together with a probe were designed and 121 clinical B. pseudomallei strains obtained from numerous clinical sources and 10 ATCC non-targeted strains were tested with iiPCR and qPCR in parallel. Results All 121 B. pseudomallei isolates were positive for qPCR while 118 isolates were positive for iiPCR, demonstrating satisfactory agreement (97.71%; 95% CI [93.45–99.53%]; k = 0.87). Sensitivity of the bimA iiPCR/POCKIT assay was 97.52% with the lower detection limit of 14 ng/µL of B. pseudomallei DNA. The developed iiPCR assay did not cross-react with 10 types of non-targeted strains, indicating good specificity. Conclusion This bimA iiPCR/POCKIT assay will undoubtedly complement other methodologies used in the clinical laboratory for the rapid identification of this pathogen.

Background Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) is the most crucial step in any surgical coronary revascularization. It has been proved that using LIMA during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) resulted in better long term results in comparison to other conduits. With accumulation of data about failure and lower patency rates of vein grafts, the concept of total arterial revascularization (TAR) and multiple arterial revascularization (MAR) has developed to offer more physiological and durable conduits for CABG patients. Methods This study was conducted in the D epartment of C ardiothoracic S urgery, Sohag University Hospital, Egypt, between January 2012 and January 2017. 104 patients who underwent CABG during the initial experience were involved. They were divided into 2 groups, group A (MAR) 46 patients, and Group B (Conventional CABG) 58 patients. Demographic data, p reoperative risk factors, operative and post operative details were compared. Results With almost comparable preoperative demographic distribution and risk factors, results were comparable regarding post operative MI, incidence of deep sternal wound infection, number of distal anastomoses, postoperative bleeding, and the need for blood transfusion. Cross clamp time and total bypass time were slightly longer in group A than in group B with statistically significant difference. Conclusions Using multiple arterial grafts did not add a significant risk or time to the classic CABG. With accumulating evidence about better patency rate in arterial grafts, MAR is recommended especially in younger patients undergoing CABG.

Bima people are known to be very religious, one of them being the Bima women who always cover their genitals. One of the well-known covers of genitalia in Bima is to use a Sarong, called the Rimpu. The purpose of this study wants to know the Rimpu culture as the existence of Islamic women in the land of Bima. This article compiled using the library research method. The results provided are Rimpu is genital cover clothes made of Sarong. The Rimpu has been in Bima since the first time Islam entered and applied to the sultanate in the land of Bima. The Rimpu divided into two types, namely regular Rimpu and Mpida Rimpu. The usual Rimpu split into two, namely Rimpu Colo and Rimpu Cili. The Rimpu Mpida divided into three kinds of Rimpu, namely, Rimpu Mpida, Rimpu Gala And Rimpu Cili. The Rimpu has multiple functions in addressing the times, as a religious identity, distinctive characteristics of Bima culture, and protector of women in interacting with the opposite sex. Nowadays, the government is trying to preserve it by holding a cultural parade every year.

In 2015, the maternal mortality rate in Bima was recorded as 3 cases per 1,000 births, equivalent to 300 maternal deaths per 100,000 births. Although this number is low, it is much higher than the zero mortality rate set by the Sustainable Development Goals. This study discusses the family and community aspects of the maternal health framework, reading the gendered symbolic violence that affect maternal health in Jatibaru Village, Asakota, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara. Data was collected using an ethnographic approach, with techniques including Focus Group Discussions, participatory observation, interviews, and document study. The existence of gender inequities in the family can cause problems when women attempt to access healthcare. Furthermore, families and communities exert control over pregnant women, directing their behavior and attempts to access healthcare according to local customs and traditions. As such attitudes and behaviors are part of the digestive process of knowledge and experience, women often accept and do what is recommended by their families and communities. This social reality of maternal health thus becomes part of gender inequality in society.

isola di Sumbawa appare poco studiata nel complesso degli studi sull'In donesia nonostante sia un punto di notevole interesse nelPambito di di verse discipline. Infatti nelPisola corre un confine tra le lingue occidentali del l'lndonesia e quelle orientali. A Sumbawa Besar si usa infatti una lingua stretta mente legata al Sasak di Lombok, mentre il Bimanese, parlato a est dell'isola, come si vedra, appartiene al gruppo orientale. Le lingue dell'Indonesia orientale rappresentano un elemento chiave per meglio capire le dinamiche del popola mento delle isole e le classificazioni linguistiche interne alle lingue austronesiane. Non ci atteniamo infatti alle teorie che vogliono le popolazioni austronesiane procedenti dal nord (Taiwan) e aderiamo alia visione tradizionale delle migra zioni da nord lungo la penisola di Malacca e successivamente verso oriente. Da un punto di vista storico Bima rappresenta pure un luogo importante per capire le vicende relative alia diffusione dell'Islam in Indonesia. L'arrivo del l'lslam pone, infatti, una serie di interrogativi che si inscrivono nella storia e nel la critica storica della diffusione dell'Islam in generale. Da un lato, infatti, si trat ta cronologicamente dell'ultima grande espansione che coinvolga un'area omo genea e nella quasi totalita, da un altro lato e una diffusione pacifica e sulla via dei commerci. Posteriormente a tale diffusione in quest'area l'lslam sembra se non arrestare, rallentare il suo slancio verso oriente. La questione coinvolge la discussione sulla spinta missionaria dell'Islam e pone alcuni interrogativi. In effetti dopo l'espansione militare legata alia conqui sta territoriale, l'lslam, come religione e cultura, vede una sua espansione pacifica (Africa orientale, India meridionale, Indonesia ecc). In tutte queste fasi non sembra esserci una volonta programmata di conversione. Anzi, la conquista terri toriale seguita dalla conversione dei conquistati eliminava i vantaggi per i con quistatori che erano costretti a riconoscere nei conquistati nuovi membri della umma. Dunque, quale il ruolo dei wali in Indonesia1 oltre la leggenda? Missio

In plant meristems, dividing cells interpret positional information and translate it into patterned cell differentiation. Here we report the molecular identification of the Arabidopsis HOBBIT gene that is required for cell division and cell differentiation in meristems. We show that it encodes a homolog of the CDC27 subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). HOBBIT partially complements a yeast nuc2/cdc27 mutant. Unlike other CDC27 homologs inArabidopsis, its transcription is cell cycle regulated. Furthermore, hobbit mutants show a reduction inDR5 :: GUS auxin reporter gene expression and accumulate the AXR3/IAA17 repressor of auxin responses. HOBBIT activity may thus couple cell division to cell differentiation by regulating cell cycle progression in the meristem or by restricting the response to differentiation cues, such as auxin, to dividing cells.