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This paper argues for an integration of post-structuralist and linguistic pragmatic perspectives on discourse as a response to the post-structuralist methodological deficit. In order to make his argument, the author presents and illustrates the logics approach to discourse, subjectivity and hegemony as presented by Jason Glynos and David Howarth. This post-structuralist approach constitutes a response to the methodological deficit that haunts much of post-structuralist discourse theory. Nevertheless, it does not provide a linguistic toolbox for analysis. Zienkowski argues that the logics approach can be brought to bear on empirical analysis through the notion of metapragmatic markers. These are linguistic tools that allow us to investigate the self-interpretations of individuals. The practical relevance of using metapragmatic markers in the identification of interpretive logics will be illustrated by means of an analysis of a critical response to the implementation of the Bologna process in Germany. Zienkowski studies Dietrich Lemke’s critical article called Mourning Bologna published in a special issue of E-flux journal n° 14 devoted to the Bologna process. More specifically, he investigates how Lemke constructs his critical stance. Throughout this process, Zienkowski proposes an interpretive and functionalist heuristic for identifying the interpretive logics operative in his text by means of a functional analysis of metapragmatic markers. He concludes with an argument for integrating both perspectives while emphasising that any articulation of post-structuralist and linguistic pragmatic theories of discourse involves some significant reconsiderations with respect to the indexical and differential theories of meaning that characterise each perspective respectively.

Il s'agit de montrer dans cet article que la réduplication est loin d'être un phénomène marginal. Elle se trouve à la croisée des disciplines linguistiques. Elle est en rapport avec l'idéophonie. Elle peut être considérée comme un procédé de formation lexicale tout comme la dérivation et la composition. Sur le plan syntaxique, la réduplication dépasse les parties du discours pour s'appliquer à des énoncés autonomes. La dimension sémantique n'est plus à démontrer tellement les charges sémantiques produites de ce phénomène sont multiples. Pour vérifier ces aspects, nous procèderons à la description de différents types de réduplication dans le parler tunisien. En aquest article es tracta de posar de manifest que la reduplicació no és ni de bon tros un fenòmen marginal. Se situa en una de les cruïlles de diferents disciplines lingüístiques. Està relacionada amb la ideofonia. Es pot considerar com un procediment de formació lèxica com la derivació i la composició. En el nivell sintàctic, la reduplicació va més enllà de les categories gramaticals per aplicar-se a enunciats autònoms. No cal ja demostrar-ne la dimensió semàntica atès que les càrregues semàntiques d'aquest fenòmen són múltiples. Per a analitzar aquests aspectes, descriurem diferents tipus de reduplicació en la parla tunisiana. The purpose of this paper is to show that reduplication is far from being a marginal phenomenon. It is at the crossroads of linguistic disciplines. It has to do with ideophony. It can be seen as a lexical training process just like derivation and composition. Syntactically, reduplication goes beyond parts of speech to apply to stand-alone utterances. The semantic dimension no longer needs to be demonstrated because the semantic charges produced by this pehnomene are numerous. To verify these aspects, we will proceed to the description of different types of reduplication in the Tunisian language. En este artículo se trata de poner de manifiesto que la reduplicación está lejos de ser un fenómeno marginal. Se encuentra una de las encrucijadas de distintas disciplinas lingüísticas. Está relacionada con la ideofonía. Puede considerarse como un procedimiento de formación léxica como la derivación y la composición. En el plano sintáctico, la reduplicación va más allá de las categorías gramaticales para aplicarse a enunciados autónomos. No es preciso ya demostrar su dimensión semántica por cuanto las cargas semánticas de ese fenómeno son múltiples. Para dar cuenta de esos aspectos, describiremos distintos tipos de reduplicación en el habla tunecina.

Cette introduction au numéro thématique présente l’état des interactions entre les étudiants internationaux (ÉI) et les agents sociaux qui les côtoient dans diverses régions du Québec (Canada) ainsi que dans une localité en Bulgarie. Nous proposons aussi un cadre théorique qui porte sur l’articulation de trois niveaux organisationnels affectant les interactions des ÉI et donc leur resocialisation. Ce cadre porte aussi une attention particulière aux technologies de gestion qui interviennent depuis les premiers moments où les ÉI manifestent leur volonté d’aller étudier ailleurs jusqu’au moment de leur départ ou de leur établissement dans le nouvel environnement. Les rencontres interculturelles dans un contexte où il y a une augmentation de la présence des ÉI sont ainsi influencées par les subtilités de la mise en forme des relations sociales, que favorisent les articulations de ces niveaux organisationnels et la coordination permise par les technologies de gestion en place pour assurer un contrôle et un suivi (surveillance) auprès des ÉI.

The aims of this study were to i) evaluate proximal-to-distal sequencing (PDS) in pianists’ attack and release movements during pressed-staccato keystrokes, and ii) investigate if trunk motion facilitates PDS of upper-limb movements. Nine expert pianists performed a series of loud pressed-staccato keystrokes. Kinematic data was recorded with a 3 D motion capture system. PDS was assessed by comparing temporal organization of peak velocities from the pelvis to the wrist. Evidence of PDS was found across the kinematic chain. Pianists’ use of PDS differed mainly between scapula and shoulder movements. Trunk motion facilitated PDS by increasing anticipatory shoulder movements and by preceding shoulder-girdle attack and release movements. Implications might relate to research on performance optimization and injury prevention strategies.

Dans cet article, qui accompagne la traduction du mémoire Ueber die Buchstabenschrift und ihren Zusammenhang mit dem Sprachbau de Humboldt, je commencerai par situer ce texte dans l’œuvre de Humboldt et parmi d’autres travaux de l’époque sur l’écriture. Je me concentrerai ensuite sur la dimension théorique du traité. Je m’intéresserai d’abord à la place que confère Humboldt à l’écriture dans l’étude du langage et aux liens qu’il établit entre les types de signes écrits, la structure des langues et la forme de la pensée. J’aborderai ensuite la théorie de l’articulation, pour finir par une discussion sur le privilège accordé par Humboldt à l’écriture alphabétique. In this article, which comes with the translation of Humboldt’s memoir Ueber die Buchstabenschrift und ihren Zusammenhang mit dem Sprachbau, I will start by contextualizing this essay in Humboldt’s work and in a broader framework of contemporary studies on writing. I will then concentrate on the theoretical dimension of the essay. I will first focus on the role Humboldt attributes to writing in language studies as well as on the links he establishes between the types of written signs, the structure of languages and the form of thought. I will then elaborate on his notion of articulation, to conclude with a discussion regarding how Humboldt favors alphabetical writing.

Data of 'An exploratory study of the voicing effect in Italian and Polish'

Supplementary data for the manuscript "Functional MRI of native and non-native speech sound production in sequential German-English bilinguals"

Research compendium for the talk 'Quantifying vocal fold activity: two new methods for analysing electroglottographic data'

Research compendium of the paper 'An exploratory study of voicing-related differences in vowel duration as compensatory temporal adjustment in Italian and Polish'

Voiced stops tend to be preceded by longer vowels and produced with a more advanced tongue root than voiceless stops. The duration of a vowel is modulated by the voicing of the stop that follows and in many languages vowels are longer when followed by voiced stops. Tongue root advancement is known to be an articulatory mechanism which ensures the right pressure conditions for the maintenance of voicing during closure as dictated by the Aerodynamic Voicing Constraint. In this paper, it is argued that vowel duration and tongue root advancement enter in a direct statistical relation. Drawing from acoustic and ultrasound tongue imaging data from 17 speakers of Italian and Polish, it is shown that tongue root advancement is initiated during the vowel, andthatvoweldurationandtonguerootpositionatvoweloffsetarepositivelycorrelated. Longer vowel durations correspond to greater tongue root advancement. It is further proposed that the later closure onset of voiced stops within a temporally stable interval is responsible for both greater root advancement and shorter closure durations in the context of voiced stops.

Research compendium of 'Assessing mid-saggital tongue contours in polar coordinates using generalised additive (mixed) models'

Research hub of the PhD project 'Vowel duration and consonant voicing: A production study'

Las estrategias de intervención urbana contemporánea en el centro histórico de Bucaramanga, sobre la carrera 12 entre calles 35 y 42 consisten en la articulación de bienes de interés cultural para visibilizarlos, mejorar su accesibilidad y dinamizar el espacio público. Para su desarrollo, se aplican los conceptos de la metodología propuesta por Fernando Carrión “Lugares o Flujos centrales: centros históricos urbanos” (2000), abordando los tres componentes allí propuestos: temporal, patrimonial y espacial. En primer lugar, se lleva a cabo la interpretación de referentes teóricos para la caracterización del centro histórico de Bucaramanga, se aborda el componente temporal por medio de una línea de tiempo general del centro histórico y una individual de cada edificación patrimonial sobre el eje, posteriormente en el componente patrimonial se desarrollan dos fichas de inventariado patrimonial, una para bienes inmuebles y una para espacio público, más adelante se realiza el análisis multiescalar del centro histórico según los parámetros de tiempo, patrimonio y espacio, y finalmente se profundiza en el componente espacial, empleando el método propuesto por Salvador Rueda “El urbanismo ecológico” (2011) para dar como resultado a una serie de estrategias de intervención urbana que den respuesta a nivel del barrio García Rovira, del centro histórico y del eje de articulación patrimonial sobre la carrera 12 entre calles 35 y 42. The strategies of contemporary urban intervention in the historic center of Bucaramanga, on 12th avenue between 35th and 12th streets consist of the articulation of assets of cultural interest to make them visible, improve their accessibility and revitalize public space. For its development, the concepts of the methodology proposed by Fernando Carrión "Lugares o flujos centrales: centros históricos urbanos" (2000) are applied, addressing the three components proposed there: temporal, patrimonial and spatial. In the first place, the interpretation of theoretical references for the characterization of the historic center of Bucaramanga is carried out, the temporal component is addressed through a general timeline of the historic center and an individual one of each heritage building on the axis, later in the patrimonial component two heritage inventory sheets are developed, one for real estate and one for public space, later the multiscale analysis of the historic center is carried out according to the parameters of time, heritage and space, and finally the spatial component is deepened, using the method proposed by Salvador Rueda "Urbanismo ecológico" (2011) to result in a series of urban intervention strategies that respond at the level of the García Rovira neighborhood, the historic center and the axis of patrimonial articulation on 12th avenue between 35th and 12th streets. http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

Este trabajo de grado parte de una investigación a nivel regional y municipal sobre la ciudad de Duitama; resaltando aspectos los cuales serán el punto de partida para el planteamiento proyectual como lo son; estructura ecológica, morfología urbana, ubicación geográfica, normatividad y problemáticas a nivel socio-económico y cultural. Teniendo en cuenta la base teórica de los aspectos mencionados anteriormente se establece el planteamiento urbano-arquitectónico denominado REVITALIZACIÓN URBANA SOBRE EL SECTOR DEL ANTIGUO TERMINAL DE TRANSPORTES en la ciudad de Duitama. La propuesta urbano-arquitectónica busca generar la conexión del polo de desarrollo administrativo como lo es el centro de la ciudad, con una de las zonas más afectadas socialmente de la misma, conocida como el sector del antiguo terminal; a su vez, con la estructura ecológica compuesta por los tres cerros tutelares que hacen parte del casco urbano del municipio. Permitiendo esta articulación se generan las dinámicas necesarias para redefinir la vocación sobre este sector de la ciudad, ya que no solo se articula de manera urbana, por medio de la recuperación del proyecto “Alameda bicentenario”, generando espacio público de calidad, sino que además de manera funcional por medio de las actividades de emprendimiento e innovación, empresarial y comercio cultural, las cuales definen de manera idónea el foco proyectual como un complejo de innovación y desarrollo (C.I.D). This degree work is based on a regional and municipal research on the city of Duitama; highlighting aspects which will be the starting point for the project approach as they are; ecological structure, urban morphology, geographical location, regulations and problems at the socio-economic and cultural level. Taking into account the theoretical basis of the aspects mentioned above, the urban- architectural approach called URBAN REVITALIZATION ON THE SECTOR OF THE OLD TRANSPORT TERMINAL in the city of Duitama is established. The urban-architectural proposal seeks to generate the connection of the administrative development pole such as the city center, with one of the most socially affected areas of it, known as the sector of the old terminal; in turn, with the ecological structure composed of the three tutelary hills that are part of the urban area of the municipality. Allowing this articulation generates the necessary dynamics to redefine the vocation on this sector of the city, since it is not only articulated in an urban way, through the recovery of the "Alameda bicentenario" project, generating quality public space, but also in a functional way through the activities of entrepreneurship and innovation, business and cultural commerce, which ideally define the project focus as a complex of innovation and development (C.I.D). Pregrado

The in-out effect refers to the tendency that novel words whose consonants follow an inward-wandering pattern (e.g., P-T-K) are rated more positively than stimuli whose consonants follow an outward-wandering pattern (e.g., K-T-P). While this effect appears to be reliable, it is not yet clear to what extent it generalizes to existing words in a language. In two large-scale studies, we sought to extend the in-out effect from pseudowords to real words and from perception to production. In Study 1, we investigated whether previously collected affective ratings for English and Dutch words were more positive for inward-wandering words and more negative for outward-wandering words. No systematic relationship between wandering direction and affective valence was found. In Study 2, we investigated whether inward-wandering words are more likely to occur in positive online consumer restaurant reviews written in English and Dutch, compared to negative reviews, and whether this association was stronger for food ratings than for decor ratings. Again, no systematic relationship between wandering direction and review rating emerged. We suggest that the affective states triggered by different consonantal wandering directions might be used as a cue for forming judgments in the absence of other information, but that wandering direction is too low in salience to drive the shape of words in the lexicon.

L’article propose une reconstruction systématique de la théorie du sacré de Joas. Après avoir caractérisé le profil disciplinaire de Joas, qui est un spécialiste de la théorie sociale et de la sociologie historique, et présenté sa démarche, qui lie pragmatisme et herméneutique, on montre comment la théorie du sacré de Joas s’enracine dans sa théorie de la genèse des valeurs. Pour Joas, cette genèse se noue dans des expériences de formation de soi et d’auto-transcendance. Ce sont ces expériences, qui peuvent être aussi bien collectives (Durkheim) qu’individuelles (James), que Joas qualifie d’expériences du sacré. Ces expériences sont susceptibles d’une articulation religieuse. La religion est donc un mode possible de l’interprétation du sacré. Mais cette modalité est elle-même susceptible de prendre des formes très diverses, recourant ou non à la catégorie de la transcendance, qui représente la découverte majeure de ce qu’on appelle depuis Karl Jaspers la période axiale – une thématique centrale dans l’œuvre de Joas depuis une quinzaine d’années. C’est sur cette base que Joas développe son histoire de la sacralisation et de la désacralisation, comme alternative au récit wébérien du désenchantement. The article proposes a systematic reconstruction of Joas’ theory of the sacred. After having characterized the disciplinary profile of Joas, who is a specialist in social theory and historical sociology, and presenting his approach, which ties together pragmatism and hermeneutics, it will be seen how Joas’ theory of the sacred is rooted in his theory of the genesis of values. For Joas, this genesis is closely tied up with the experiences of self-formation and self-transcendence, which can be collective (Durkheim) as well as individual (James). Joas qualifies them as experiences of the sacred, which are susceptible to religious articulation. Therefore, religion is a possibility for interpreting the sacred. This mode, however, may itself assume a variety of forms, not necessarily making recourse to the category of the transcendental, which represents the major discovery of what Karl Jaspers named the axial age – a central topic of Joas’ work for about 15 years. As an alternative to the Weberian notion of disenchantment, Joas develops his history of sacralization and desacralization on this ground.

Araştırmanın amacı 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin konuşmalarında karşılaşılan söyleyiş ve boğumlama yanlışlarını tespit etmek ve elde edilen verilerden hareketle eğitim öğretim alanında yapılan çalışmalara katkı sağlamaktır. Seslerin dinleyiciler tarafından sağlıklı olarak duyulmasında önemli bir yere sahip olan boğumlama, konuşmanın en önemli unsurudur ve konuşmanın anlamlı olabilmesi boğumlamaya bağlıdır. Bu bağlamda öğrencilerin; konuşmalarında yaptıkları söyleyiş ve boğumlama yanlışlarının tespiti önem arz etmektedir. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modelinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı birinci döneminde Ordu ili Çaybaşı ilçesine bağlı bir devlet ortaokulunda öğrenim görmekte olan 6. sınıf öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Öğrenci ve velilere araştırma hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve gönüllü olarak araştırmaya katılmaları istenmiştir. Çalışma grubunda 8 kız, 11 erkek olmak üzere toplam 19 öğrenci yer almıştır. Çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde olasılıklı olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden uygun örnekleme yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre altıncı sınıf öğrencileri konuşmalarında sırasıyla ses düşürme, ses değiştirme ve ses ekleme söyleyiş ve boğumlama yanlışı yapmakta ve “r, s, z” seslerini doğru çıkaramamaktadır. Bu hataların Türkçenin kurallarını iyi bilmemekten, dikkatsizliğinden ve yerel ağız özelliklerinden kaynaklandığı düşünülebilir., voice disordersThe aim of the study is to determine the pronunciation and articulation mistakes encountered in the speeches of 6th grade students and to contribute to the studies in the field of education based on the data obtained. Articulation, which has a substantial place in the clear hearing of the sounds by the listeners, is the most important element of speech and the meaning of speech depends on articulation. In this context, it is significant to detect the mistakes of students' pronunciation and articulation in their speech. The study was conducted in scanning model. The study group consists of 6th grade students, studying at Şehit İslam Çubuk Secondary School in Çaybaşı district of Ordu province in the first semester of 2018- 2019 academic year. The students and parents were informed about the research and they were asked to participate in the research voluntarily. A total of 19 students, 8 girls and 11 boys, took part in the study group. Appropriate sampling method, one of the non-probabilistic sampling methods, was used to determine the study group. According to the findings from the research, sixth grade students make mistakes lowering the voice, changing the voice and adding a voice, respectively, in their speech, and cannot produce the “r, s, z” sounds correctly. It can be thought that these mistakes stem from not knowing the rules of Turkish well, carelessness and local dialect characteristics.

The studies of Jacques Delille’s work put an emphasis on the relations between a group of poetic texts(L’homme des champs, L’Imagination, Les Trois Règnes de la nature) and their scientific intertexts. The aim of this paper is to study the scientific connotations of lesser known poems, stressing the problem of the physiological and anatomical reflections on the human voice and the speech. Is there a relation between Delille’s observations on the voice (La Pitié, p. 40, 151-152 ; La Conversation, p. 141-142, 146-147) and the terminology used by physicians or philosophers of his time? What is the impact of Rousseau’s Essai sur l’origine des langues on Delille? Is it inspiring to use the medical distinction between the physiology and the pathology to understand Delilles’s conception of the human voice?

Little information is available on the forces that fingers can generate, and few devices exist to measure the forces they can create. The objective of this paper is to propose an experimental device to measure the moments generated by finger joints. The idea is to focus on a single joint and not on the effort generated by the whole finger. A system leaving only one joint free is developed to measure the maximum attainable moment in different joint positions between the extended and flexed finger. The device is tested on the proximal interphalangeal joints of the index fingers of thirty people for both hands. The results show a dispersion of results from one person to another but with similar trends in the evolution of the maximum achievable moment depending on the angle. Average values of the maximum moments attained by men and women for both hands are given for all angular positions of the joint. The results are analysed using principal component analysis. This analysis shows that four main modes represent more than 99% of the signal and allow the reconstruction of all the data for all the subjects. The four modes obtained can be used as a basis for the development of finger devices by hospital practitioners.

Some analysts foresee that the rise of automation—triggered by advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, and other novel technologies—will soon unsettle sizable sections of our labour market, prompting the need for mass upskilling and re-skilling. Continuous learning is perceived as the new norm within the future of work. Many believe that solutions to future surges in training demand will require a degree of dexterity not exhibited by traditional postsecondary education (PSE) organizations, and advocate for radical alternatives. However, we outline how basic reforms leading to a more robust articulation and credit transfer system could also improve our PSE system’s ability to handle augmented training demands. In turn, we explore how the Canadian federal government can facilitate these reforms by (a) providing additional incentives for domestic colleges and universities to engage in seamless transfer, and (b) supporting the production of knowledge to inform more strategic forms of pathway articulation., Des analystes prévoient que la hausse de l’automatisation, stimulée par les progrès de l’intelligence artificielle, de la robotique et d’autres technologies novatrices, va bientôt déstabiliser des segments importants du marché du travail, entraînant une vague de mises à niveau et de requalifications. L’apprentissage continu est considéré comme la nouvelle norme pour le marché du travail de l’avenir. Nombreux sont ceux qui croient que la future croissance de la demande en formation nécessitera un degré de dextérité jusqu’ici non démontré par les établissements d’enseignement postsecondaire traditionnels, et qui préconisent des solutions de rechange radicales. Néanmoins, nous suggérons que des réformes de base pour consolider le système d’articulation et de transfert de crédits pourraient également améliorer la capacité de notre système d’enseignement postsecondaire à prendre en charge des demandes de formation accrues. Ensuite, nous explorons comment le gouvernement fédéral canadien peut faciliter ces réformes i) en offrant des incitatifs supplémentaires aux collèges et universités du pays pour qu’ils offrent des passerelles plus fluides; et ii) en soutenant le développement des connaissances pour trouver desoptions d’articulation des parcours qui soient plus stratégiques.

Words for which the consonantal articulation spots wander from the front to the back of the mouth (inward) elicit more positive attitudes than words with the reversed order (outward). The present article questions the common theoretical explanation of this effect, namely an association between articulation movements and oral movements during ingestion and expectoration (inward resembles eating which is positive; outward resembles spitting which is negative). In 4 experiments (total N = 468), we consistently replicated the basic in-out effect; but no evidence was found supporting an eating-related underlying mechanism. The in-out effect was not modulated by disgust inductions (Experiments 1, 2, 4, and 10) or food deprivation (Experiment 3). In 6 further experiments (total N = 1,067), we explored a novel alternative explanation, namely that the in-out effect is simply a position-specific preference for front consonants over back consonants. In these experiments, we found in-out-like preference effects for fragments that lacked an actual front-to-back movement but featured only starting (e.g., B _ _ _ _) or ending (e.g., _ _ _ K) consonants (Experiments 6–8). Consonants that are articulated in the front of the mouth were generally preferred over those articulated in the back of the mouth, and this basic preference was stronger at the beginning of a word-like stimulus (Experiments 6–10), thus explaining the preference pattern of the in-out effect. The present evidence speaks against an eating-related (embodied) explanation and suggests a simple word-morphologic explanation of the in-out effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Should we consider the Yellow Vests, the Indignados Movement, or the Movimento delle Sardine to be purely populist movements? Are there alternative models of explanation that encompass features specific to the emergence and development of these movements? And should we look to left‐wing populism as the source of much‐needed democratic renewal in times of political and social regression? Or can we find alternatives to populism that represent a more promising base for the future of democracy? This paper aims to address these questions by providing a pragmatist, John Dewey‐based answer, as an alternative to Ernesto Laclau's populist approach to the emergence of what the latter calls “popular identities.”1 We base our response on a mutual dialogue made possible by socio‐ontological premises common to the two authors—more specifically, by the central role played by the notion of “articulation” in each approach.

Introduction Maxillary advancement may affect speech in cleft patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maxillary advancement on Finnish alveolar consonants /s/, /l/, and /r/ in cleft patients. Materials and methods Fifty-nine Finnish-speaking nonsyndromic cleft patients, who had undergone Le Fort I or bimaxillary osteotomies, were evaluated retrospectively Production of the Finnish alveolar consonants /s/, /l/, and /r/ was assessed from pre- and postoperative standardized video recordings by two experienced speech pathologists. McNemar's test was used in the statistical analyses. Kappa statistics were calculated to assess reliability. Results The patients included 35 females and 24 males with CP (n = 12), UCLP (n = 31), and BCLP (n = 16). There was a significant improvement in /s/ and /l/ sounds after maxillary advancement (p = 0.039 and p = 0.002, respectively). The preoperative mean percentage of /s/ errors was 34%; postoperatively it was 20%. /L/ was misarticulated preoperatively by 34% of the patients and postoperatively by 19%. /R/ was misarticulated preoperatively by 47% of the patients and postoperatively by 42%. The level of mild articulation errors rose from 25% to 31%, while severe articulation errors decreased from 37% to 25%. The reliabilities were good. Conclusion When planning orthognathic surgery in cleft patients with maxillary retrusion and articulation errors, advancement of the maxilla might be a means for improving articulation of /s/ and /l/.

Rising nationalism has been discussed as a prominent phenomenon of the contemporary global landscape. In France, it has manifested itself over the past years through the spread of nationalist rhetoric, themes, discourses and politics across the political spectrum and beyond parties that are traditionally nationalist and security-centered, such as Rassemblement National. In particular, one issue that simultaneously reveals and fuels the rise of nationalism is immigration. Hegemonically approached and understood as a major societal concern, the “problem of immigration” stands as the crystallization of mythological formations enabled by and entangled in situated, concrete, material phenomena occurring throughout the history of France as a nation-state, and that are articulated as threats to the existence, wellbeing, or preeminence of the Nation and its “native” community. Today, in a context where the foundations of the nation-state are challenged by phenomena like globalization and the intensification of migratory movements, the myths that articulate immigration as a problem or threat are made particularly salient as the topic finds itself at the center of public conversation, political debate, media discourse and electoral campaigns. Using articulation theory (Hall 1986, Slack 1996, Slack 2016) and Roland Barthes’s conceptualization of myth, this paper deconstructs three types of mythological formations that articulate immigration as a threatening force and reveal an anxiety to preserve frameworks of meaning-making deeply entrenched in the ideal of the Nation. These formations frame immigration 1. as a threat to economic and material welfare, 2. as a threat to social peace and security, and 3. as a threat to national identity.

В статье речь идет о разработке специальной методики преподавания русского языка узбекским студентам, основанной на принципе строгого учёта особенностей родного языка., The article deals with the development of a special methodology for teaching the Russian language to Uzbek students, based on the principle of strict consideration of the features of the native language.

Phonemic processing skills are impaired both in children and adults with dyslexia. Since phoneme representation development is based on articulatory gestures, it is likely that these gestures influence oral reading-related skills as assessed through phonemic awareness tasks. In our study, fifty-two young dyslexic adults, with and without motor impairment, and fifty-nine skilled readers performed reading, phonemic awareness, and articulatory tasks. The two dyslexic groups exhibited slower articulatory rates than skilled readers and the comorbid dyslexic group presenting with an additional difficulty in respiratory control (reduced speech proportion and increased pause duration). Two versions of the phoneme awareness task (PAT) with pseudoword strings were administered: a classical version under time pressure and a delayed version in which access to phonemic representations and articulatory programs was facilitated. The two groups with dyslexia were outperformed by the control group in both versions. Although the two groups with dyslexia performed equally well on the classical PAT, the comorbid group performed significantly less efficiently on the delayed PAT, suggesting an additional contribution of articulatory impairment in the task for this group. Overall, our results suggest that impaired phoneme representations in dyslexia may be explained, at least partially, by articulatory deficits affecting access to them.

In this article, we examine the influence of scene articulation on transparent layer constancy. We argue that the term articulation may be understood as an aspect of the more general concept naturalness of a stimulus that relates to the degree of enrichment compared with a minimal stimulus and to the extent to which a stimulus contains regularities that are typically found in natural scenes. We conducted two matching experiments, in which we used strongly reduced scenes and operationalized articulation by the number of background reflectances (numerosity). The results of the first experiment show that higher numerosity actually leads to an increase in transparent layer constancy when reflectances are randomly drawn from a fixed population. However, this advantage disappears if the spatial mean and the variation of the subset colors are controlled as in our second experiment. Furthermore, our results suggest that the mechanism underlying transparent layer constancy leads to a rather stable compromise between two matching criteria, namely, proximal identity and constant filter properties according to our perceptual model. For filters with an additive component, which appear more or less hazy, we observed improved recovered filter properties and correspondingly higher degrees of transparent layer constancy, suggesting an additional mechanism in this type of filter.

In natural conversation, turns are handed off quickly, with the mean downtime commonly ranging from 7 to 423 ms. To achieve this, speakers plan their upcoming speech as their partner’s turn unfolds, holding the audible utterance in abeyance until socially appropriate. The role played by prediction is debated, with some researchers claiming that speakers predict upcoming speech opportunities, and others claiming that speakers wait for detection of turn-final cues. The dynamics of articulatory triggering may speak to this debate. It is often assumed that the prepared utterance is held in a response buffer and then initiated all at once. This assumption is consistent with standard phonetic models in which articulatory actions must follow tightly prescribed patterns of coordination. This assumption has recently been challenged by single-word production experiments in which participants partly positioned their articulators to anticipate upcoming utterances, long before starting the acoustic response. The present study considered whether similar anticipatory postures arise when speakers in conversation await their next opportunity to speak. We analyzed a pre-existing audiovisual database of dyads engaging in unstructured conversation. Video motion tracking was used to determine speakers’ lip areas over time. When utterance-initial syllables began with labial consonants or included rounded vowels, speakers produced distinctly smaller lip areas (compared to other utterances), prior to audible speech. This effect was moderated by the number of words in the upcoming utterance; postures arose up to 3,000 ms before acoustic onset for short utterances of 1–3 words. We discuss the implications for models of conversation and phonetic control.

Anlam bilimi açısından temel birim sorunsalı temelde bir dilbilim sorunsalı olmasına rağmen, yirminci yüzyılda diğer birçok alan gibi müzik estetiği ve müzikal göstergebilim alanları için de bir tartışma konusu olagelmiştir. Ferdinand de Saussure ve Charles Peirce öncülüğünde gelişen göstergebilim, dil modelini sosyal bilimlerin psikoloji, antropoloji, felsefe, edebiyat bilimi, anlatı bilim gibi alanlarına ve resim, sinema, tiyatro ve müzik gibi sanat alanlarına uygulanmıştır. Ancak bir gösterge sistemi olarak dilde, gösterenin temel biriminin fonem/sesbirim olduğu, gösterilenin temel biriminin ise monemöne sürülebilecekken ,görece daha yeni bir alan olan müzikal göstergebilim söz konusu olduğunda böylesi bir birimin varlığı halen tartışmalı bir konudur. Müzikal göstergebilim alanında şimdiye kadar yapılan öncü çalışmalar bu sorunsalı çeşitli bakımlardan ele almış, ancak tartışma Klasik Batı Müziği ekseninde sürdürülmesine rağmen temel birim sorunsalı için tatmin edici bir uzlaşı sağlanamamıştır. Bu çalışmada müzikal göstergebilimde temel birim sorunsalı temel göstergebilim kuramları açısından sorgulanacak ve müzikal göstergebilimde olası bir temel birimin varlığına dair bir tartışma yürütülecektir. Bu bağlamda öncelikle F. de Saussure, C. Peirce ve R. Barthes gibi göstergebilim alanının öncülerinin göstergebilim kuramlarınakısaca değinilecek ve bu kuramların olası bir uygulamasının müzikal göstergebilime sağlayabileceği katkılar J. Molino, M. Baroni, J. J. Nattiez ve N. Ruwet gibi müzikal göstergebilim alanında çalışan uzmanların görüşlerine başvurularak soruşturulacaktır. Tartışmayı takiben, N. Ruwet’nin“tepeden dibe doğru” ya da “dipten tepeye doğru” olarak adlandırdığı iki ayrı yolla, söz konusu sorunsala yönelik alternatif bir fenomenolojik uygulama önerilecektir. Öte yandan, eldeki mevcut kısıtlı literatür, tartışmayı Klasik Batı Müziği ekseninde sürdürmüş olduğundan, çalışmanın evrensel kümesinin Klasik Batı Müziği olarak kısıtlanması tercih edilmiştir. Although the question of basic unit is a question of linguistics in principle, it has been a question of musical aesthetics and of musical semiotics in twentieth century likewise of many other disciplines. Developed under the pioneering roles of Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Peirce, semiotic studies have applied the language model to the disciplines of social sciences such as psychology, anthropology, philosophy, literary science, narratology, and artistic disciplines such as painting, cinema, theater and music.While it could be argued that the basic unit of a signifier is phoneme or of a sign is moneme, the question of basic unit is still an arguable question in musical semiotics, a relative new discipline. Pioneering studies in musical semiotics have dealt with this problematic in various aspects, but although the discussion has continued on the axis of Classical Western Music, a satisfactory consensus has not been achieved for the basic unit problematic.In this paper, the question of basic unit in musical semiotics will be examined in regard to the major semiotics theories and an inquiry on the existence of a possible basic unit in music will be performed. In this context, a brief summary of the semiotics theories of F. de Saussure, C. Peirce and Barthes; and the possible contribution of a possible application of these theories to the musical semiotics will be discussed by referring to J. Molino, M. Baroni, J. J. Nattiez and N. Ruwet. Following the discussion, an alternative phenomenological application to the question will be suggested by using the two ways as N. Ruwet names “from top to bottom” and “from bottom to top”. On the other hand, since the limited literature at hand has continued the discussion on the axis of Classical Western Music, the universal set of this study was intentionally limited to Classical Western Music.

In this contribution, we investigate the use of boundary objects (Star and Griesemer) for the orchestration of resources (Teece). We propose a comparative case study elaborating on two Dassault Aviation military fighters under an abductive approach. In this contribution, we elaborate on the micro-foundations approach. Our contribution discusses several properties of boundary objects in relation with the orchestration of resources: type, granularity, openness, malleability, and completeness. We conclude that boundary objects are critical to orchestration. Their properties explain why they diversely impact on sensing, seizing and reconfiguring. They elaborate on knowledge articulation and teamwork, and require specific ways of working., Dans cette contribution, nous analysons l’utilisation des objets frontières (Star et Griesemer) dans l’orchestration des ressources (Teece). Nous proposons une étude de cas comparative de deux programmes d’avions de combat de Dassault Aviation dans le cadre d’une approche abductive. Nous nous situons dans une approche par les micro-fondations. Nous discutons plusieurs propriétés des objets frontières dans le cadre de l’orchestration des ressources : type, granularité, ouverture, malléabilité, et complétude. Notre conclusion indique que les objets frontières jouent un rôle critique pour l’orchestration des ressources. Ces propriétés ont des impacts différents sur les trois aspects du « sensing », « seizing » et « reconfiguring ». Nous mettons en évidence que les aspects les plus importants concernent l’articulation de la connaissance et le travail en équipe, ainsi que de nouvelles modalités de travail., En esta contribución analizamos la utilización de los objetos frontera (Star y Griesemer) para la organización de recursos (Teece). Proponemos un estudio de caso comparativo de dos programas de aviones de combate de Dassault Aviation en el marco de una aproximación abductiva, situándonos en el enfoque de las microfundaciones. Analizamos varias propiedades de los objetos frontera en relación a la organización de recursos: tipo, granularidad, apertura, maleabilidad y completitud. Nuestra conclusión indica que los objetos frontera juegan un papel crítico para la organización de recursos. Vemos como sus propiedades hacen que afecten de manera distinta los tres aspectos de "sensing", "seizing" y "reconfiguring". Mostramos también que sus efectos más importantes se producen a nivel de articulación del conocimiento y trabajo en equipo, así como en nuevas modalidades de trabajo.

Agozino supports Amin’s call for a Fifth International, but offers suggestions to make it more inclusive. He argues “It is not enough for the Fifth International to call on Workers of the World to Unite without questioning the extent to which racism, imperialism and patriarchy divide the working class and weaken the struggle to end exploitation.” Although the First International addressed class exploitation in articulation with the struggles against the oppression of nationalities and racial groups and against gender oppression, “[t]he departure from the race-class-gender articulation or intersectionality model that Marx envisaged by the organizers of subsequent internationals may be part of the reasons why the organizational aim was not sustained.” Agozino calls for more intentionality in constructing the leadership of the Fifth International than is in Amir’s proposal. While Amir was attentive to the inclusion of African leadership, he paid less attention to the inclusion of women or indigenous peoples. And while Amin seemed concerned with creating a manageable process through the delegation of a small number of leaders, Agozino says it is “better to allow a million leaders to emerge from local to the global levels.”

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude pilote visant à caractériser trois styles d’interprétation différents de la musique de J.-S. Bach dans le contexte d’un processus de recherche-création. En s’appuyant sur une étude de l’interprétation de la musique baroque au xxe siècle, un pianiste a joué un extrait de la Partita en do mineur (BWV 826) selon trois esthétiques contrastantes (romantique, moderne, rhétorique). Le jeu du pianiste a été capté et enregistré en format de données midi sur un piano Yamaha Disklavier DC7X. Une description verbale de chaque style a ensuite été obtenue suivant la technique de l’auto-explicitation réalisée par le pianiste. Les captations sonores de chaque extrait ont été présentées à un auditeur expert, spécialiste en enregistrement du piano, ce qui a permis d’obtenir une perspective externe sur les interprétations. Ces descriptions qualitatives ont été mises en correspondance avec une analyse quantitative des paramètres d’exécution, comme le tempo, les vitesses d’attaque et le degré de legato., This article presents the results of a pilot study whose aim was to characterize three different interpretation styles of the works of J.S. Bach in the context of a research creation process. Based on a study of baroque music performance in the 20th century, a pianist performed an excerpt of Bach’s Partita in C minor (BWV 826) according to three contrasting styles (Romantic, Modern and Rhetorical). The pianist’s performance was captured and recorded on midi data format using a Yamaha Disklavier DC7X piano. A verbal description of each style has been provided by the pianist through a self-explicitation exercise. Each audio recording was then presented to an expert auditor, specialist in piano recordings, which provided an external perspective on the interpretations. These qualitative descriptions were then compared with a quantitative analysis of performance parameters such as tempo, the speed of key descent and legato.

The aim of the present study is to test the feasibility of modified Z-plasty palatoplasty for cleft palate repair in surgeries and provide a new surgical method. Forty cleft palate patients were selected as participants and divided into 2 groups in random. Twenty patients in the experiment group were treated by modified Z-plasty palatoplasty while the other 20 patients in the control group by double opposing Z-plasty and Sommerlad palatoplasty. By evaluating and observing postoperative velopharyngeal movement, speech intelligibility, nasal leaking, analysis of CSL (Computer Structure Language) and X-ray velopharyngeal lateral radiographs, Modified Z-plasty palatoplasty achieved better results than traditional operation. Satisfactory linguistic effects on incomplete cleft palate can be observed after modified Z-plasty palatoplasty treatment. So this method may be used as a clinical choice.

Introduction: Maxillary advancement may affect speech in cleft patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative velopharyngeal (VP) function and cleft type can predict VP function after a Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy. Materials and methods: One hundred consecutive nonsyndromic cleft patients (54 females, 64 males) who underwent Le Fort I osteotomies were retrospectively evaluated. Pre- and postoperative VP function was assessed perceptually and instrumentally by a Nasometer. A five-point scale was used to rate velopharyngeal insufficiency symptoms (VPI 0-4). To assess reliability, 30 video recordings were re-evaluated. Results: Preoperatively, 89% of patients had normal or insignificant VPI (0-1), and only 3% had moderate VPI (3). Postoperatively, 77% of patients had VPI values of 0-1 and 14% had moderate to severe VPI values (VPI 3-4). A positive correlation was found between pre- and postoperative VPI scores, whereas the cleft type did not affect speech results. Patients with a preoperatively normal VPI (0) were not at risk for postoperative velopharyngeal incompetence. Conclusions: There was an overall significant negative change in speech after a Le Fort I osteotomy. At-risk patients presented with borderline (1) or more severe VPI (2 and 3) preoperatively. (C) 2018 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Currently, there is a tendency in Ukraine to increase the number of children with speech disorders. One of the most common disorders of speech function is dyslalia. Speech therapists are the main form of correctional training, children are assigned certain and consistent stages of speech therapy. Along with that, various individual and standard devices are used. The aim of the study – to conduct logopedic correction of speech disorders in patients with physiologic occlusion using the in-house designed device according to the proposed algorithm. Materials and Methods. A survey was conducted on 73 children (24 – aged 3 to 6 years, 49 – from 6 to 12 years old) without significant orthodontic pathology in the presence of speech impairment with normal hearing and intelligence and speech correction. In addition to logopedic exercises, it was recommended to use vestibular plates Dr. Hinz - MUPPY-P with beads, removable orthodontic devices with beads, Bluegrass appliances, devices for elimination and prevention of unhealthy tongue habits. In order to identify early risk factors for major dental diseases, the hygienic state of the cavity of the mouth, the intensity of caries, the presence or absence of inflammatory processes in the tissues of periodontal disease were determined. Results and Discussion. The first step in the algorithm for successful correction of speech disorders were to explain its necessity. The second stage involved the phonetic diagnosis of all aspects of speech, logic, intelligence, memory and thinking. Polymorphic dyslalia was diagnosed in all subjects of reporting panel. The third stage of the algorithm is to carry out work to overcome the abnormalities of the phonetic side of speech was a direct speech correction. The proposed device for elimination and prevention of unhealthy tongue habits was used in 6 cases. Conclusions. After the speech therapy correction correct articulation and sound were formed. The proposed device for the elimination and prevention unhealthy tongue habits should be used in conjunction with speech therapy, in particular, dyslalia. In addition to the positive logopedic effect of the proposed therapeutic and prophylactic measures, we have also received improvement of the hygienic state of the oral cavity, the absence of an increase in the intensity of the caries of permanent teeth and increased motivation in patients.

Objetivo. Describir los modos de articulación entre investigación e intervención con familias en estudios colombianos entre 2010 a 2011. Metodología. Estado del arte ejecutado mediante una revisión documental de carácter hermenéutico. Resultados y conclusión. La familia como objeto de conocimiento y sujeto de intervención interesa a distintas disciplinas como: trabajo social, psicología, antropología, sociología, medicina, derecho y educación. En los estudios se evidenciaron dos modos de articulación entre investigación e intervención con familias. Una primera articulación se refiere a procesos de investigación surgidos a partir de procesos de intervención previos y una segunda articulación obedece a procesos de investigación que al mismo tiempo lograron articularse con la intervención y se comprometieron a generar procesos de cambio y transformación social con las poblaciones. Los estudios que tuvieron como antecedentes procesos de intervención y aquellos que hicieron procesos paralelos de investigación/intervención podrían considerarse son los que dan respuesta a las problemáticas estudiadas. Objective. To describe the modes of articulation between research and intervention with families in Colombian studies between 2010 and 2011. Methodology. State of the art carried out through a hermeneutical documentary review. Results and conclusion.The family as an object of knowledge and subject of intervention interests different disciplines such as: Social Work, Psychology, Anthropology, Sociology, Medicine, Law and Education. The studies revealed two ways of articulating research and intervention with families. A first articulation refers to research processes that start from previous intervention processes and a second articulation obeys to research processes that at the same time managed to articulate with intervention processes and committed to generate processes of change and social transformation with the population. The studies that had a history of intervention processes and those that made parallel processes of research/intervention, could be considered as the ones that provide answers to the problems studied.

L’interaction action-connaissance serait constitutive des sciences de l’éducation dont elle a été (et continue à être ?) un marqueur spécifique depuis une dissociation revendiquée à une articulation maîtrisée. L’objectif du symposium « Logique d’action vs Logique de connaissance : dissociation - articulation - dépassement » qui s’est déroulé dans le cadre du colloque international « 50 Ans de Mêlées et Démêlées en sciences de l’éducation » était de mettre cette hypothèse à l’épreuve du débat et de l’analyse en remontant dans le temps pour la confronter à l’histoire de la discipline, puis en interrogeant, aujourd’hui, ses pratiques de recherche et leurs relations d’interdépendance aux sphères, politique et professionnelle de l’éducation. Avec quels risques ? Pour quelle utilité sociale et quelles avancées pédagogiques ? The action-knowledge interaction would constitute the educational sciences of which it has been (and continues to be?) a specific marker since a dissociation claimed to a controlled articulation. The objective of the symposium « Logique d’action vs Logique de connaissance : Dissociation - Articulation - Dépassement » which took place within the framework of the international symposium « 50 Ans de Mêlées et Démêlées en sciences de l’éducation » was to put this hypothesis to the test of debate and analysis by going back in time to confront it with the history of the discipline, then by questioning, today, its research practices and their interdependence with the spheres, political and professional of education. With what risks? For what social utility and what pedagogical advances?

Nesta investigação pretendemos efetuar uma análise preliminar sobre a articulação operacional existente entre o corpo de bombeiros profissional e os seis corpos de bombeiros voluntários, que coexistem no território de Vila Nova de Gaia. O objetivo é identificar fragilidades e fazer uma proposta de otimizar a eficácia na prestação do socorro, como um contributo para uma maior eficiência do sistema de proteção civil municipal. Neste estudo foi realizada uma análise diacrónica da evolução organizacional assim como a caracterização dos corpos de bombeiros de Vila Nova de Gaia. Constatamos dificuldades de articulação entre o corpo de bombeiros profissional e os corpos de bombeiros voluntários sendo a principal, a inexistência de uma central telefónica centralizada e a definição rígida de áreas de atuação. De acordo com legislação em vigor, o corpo de bombeiros profissional, tem como área de atuação prioritária, todo concelho de Vila Nova da Gaia. Já os corpos de bombeiros voluntários, tem definida uma área de atuação própria. Apuramos o tipo de ocorrência mais significativa, a assistência em saúde, o facto de cada bombeiro, em média, ter efetuado 51 ocorrências por ano e que o custo, médio, de cada ocorrência ter sido de 67,94€. O valor que o município transferiu para a CBSPC - Gaia, apenas para remunerar o capital humano, é 7,2 vezes maior do que o valor transferido para os seis corpos de bombeiros voluntários. In this investigation we intend to carry out a preliminary analysis on the operational articulation existing between the professional fire brigade and the six volunteer fire brigades, which coexist in the territory of Vila Nova de Gaia. The aim is to identify weaknesses and make a proposal to optimize the effectiveness of the assistance provided, as a contribution to the greater efficiency of the municipal civil protection system. In this study a diachronic analysis of the organizational evolution was carried out, as well as the characterization of the fire brigades of Vila Nova de Gaia. We found difficulties of articulation between the professional fire brigade and the volunteer fire brigades being the main one, the lack of a centralized telephone center and the rigid definition of areas of operation. According to current legislation, the professional fire brigade has, as a priority area of action, the entire municipality of Vila Nova da Gaia. The volunteer fire brigades have a defined area of their own. We found the most significant type of occurrence, health care, the fact that each fireman on average had 51 occurrences per year and that the average cost of each occurrence was 67.94 €. The amount that the municipality transferred to CBSPC - Gaia, only to remunerate human capital, is 7.2 times higher than the value transferred to the six voluntary fire brigades.

A clinical and functional examination of the maxillofacial area was performed in 280 patients with the defects of the lateral teeth being replaced with ceramic crown inlays or light-cured composites three years ago. Computer methods were used to assess the articulation, occlusion and tone of the masticatory muscles on the T-Scan III and Bio EMG III devices. In a third of the lateral teeth, an unreasonable increase in indications to composite fillings has been established – when more than 50.0% of the occlusal surface is destroyed. Indicators of dental status are significantly better when using ceram- ic inlays compared with fillings made of composite material in the long term after treatment of multiple caries. Ceramic crown inlays prevent occlusal-articulatory disorders and dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus, characteristic in long-term periods for patients with multiple caries when replacement of lateral teeth defects with fillings made of composite.

What role does the presence of facial speech play for children with dyslexia? Current literature proposes two distinctive claims. One claim states that children with dyslexia make less use of visual information from the mouth during speech processing due to a deficit in recruitment of audiovisual areas. An opposing claim suggests that children with dyslexia are in fact reliant on such information in order to compensate for auditory/phonological impairments. The current paper aims at directly testing these contrasting hypotheses (here referred to as “mouth insensitivity” versus “mouth reliance”) in school-age children with and without dyslexia, matched on age and listening comprehension. Using eye tracking, in Study 1, we examined how children look at the mouth across conditions varying in speech processing demands. The results did not indicate significant group differences in looking at the mouth. However, correlation analyses suggest potentially important distinctions within the dyslexia group: those children with dyslexia who are better readers attended more to the mouth while presented with a person’s face in a phonologically demanding condition. In Study 2, we examined whether the presence of facial speech cues is functionally beneficial when a child is encoding written words. The results indicated lack of overall group differences on the task, although those with less severe reading problems in the dyslexia group were more accurate when reading words that were presented with articulatory facial speech cues. Collectively, our results suggest that children with dyslexia differ in their “mouth reliance” versus “mouth insensitivity,” a profile that seems to be related to the severity of their reading problems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11881-021-00231-3.

The impressive locomotion and manipulation capabilities of spiders have led to a host of bioinspired robotic designs aiming to reproduce their functionalities; however, current actuation mechanisms are deficient in either speed, force output, displacement, or efficiency. Here—using inspiration from the hydraulic mechanism used in spider legs—soft‐actuated joints are developed that use electrostatic forces to locally pressurize a hydraulic fluid, and cause flexion of a segmented structure. The result is a lightweight, low‐profile articulating mechanism capable of fast operation, high forces, and large displacement; these devices are termed spider‐inspired electrohydraulic soft‐actuated (SES) joints. SES joints with rotation angles up to 70°, blocked torques up to 70 mN m, and specific torques up to 21 N m kg−1 are demonstrated. SES joints demonstrate high speed operation, with measured roll‐off frequencies up to 24 Hz and specific power as high as 230 W kg−1—similar to human muscle. The versatility of these devices is illustrated by combining SES joints to create a bidirectional joint, an artificial limb with independently addressable joints, and a compliant gripper. The lightweight, low‐profile design, and high performance of these devices, makes them well‐suited toward the development of articulating robotic systems that can rapidly maneuver., Spider‐inspired electrohydraulic soft‐actuated (SES) joints provide compliant, electrohydraulic actuation for articulated robots. These joints exhibit fast actuation, high forces, and large displacements. This article characterizes the quasistatic and dynamic performance of SES joints experimentally and presents a model of their quasistatic behavior. The versatility of SES joints is demonstrated in a bidirectional joint, an artificial limb, and a compliant gripper.

Bilingualism and multilingualism are highly prevalent. Non-invasive brain imaging has been used to study the neural correlates of native and non-native speech and language production, mainly on the lexical and syntactic level. Here, we acquired continuous fast event-related FMRI during visually cued overt production of exclusively German and English vowels and syllables. We analyzed data from 13 university students, native speakers of German and sequential English bilinguals. The production of non-native English sounds was associated with increased activity of the left primary sensorimotor cortex, bilateral cerebellar hemispheres (lobule VI), left inferior frontal gyrus, and left anterior insula compared to native German sounds. The contrast German > English sounds was not statistically significant. Our results emphasize that the production of non-native speech requires additional neural resources already on a basic phonological level in sequential bilinguals.