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Obesity is a story that’s told all too often. 21st century habits haven’t helped this at all, with poor dietary choices and increased sedentary lifestyles being acomplices in continuing this nationwide issue. However, with modern technologies, like Virtual Reality (VR) and it’s sibling technologies, there might be a new way to address obesity. Research will be conducted to determine the efficacy of VR as a supplementary technology in the aid of reducing obesity. From a purely technical standpoint, VR may be able to help solve the obesity epidemic. The use of the technology has already proven to be fascinating, and seemingly could find ways to benefit the general public’s health. However, on top of the technical potency research that will be conducted, social and human facets have to be analyzed. The obesity epidemic is simply too complex and too longstanding to be caused by technical dearth alone. This problem is uniquely human. In order to solve a human problem, both human and social aspects have to be considered—quite heavily at that. The diffusion of ideas framework and the technological stabilization framework can both prove useful in the effort to discovering how VR technologies might actually be implemented in society for obesity needs. What this entails is a concentrated effort in finding previous literature on the current and potential uses of VR not only for the cause of weight loss, but other health benefits. It is expected that there should be some positive outlook with regards to VR’s potential in the health space. When this research is considered simultaneously with the technical report, even though loosely related, both are geared towards the betterment of one’s quality of life. Whether that be making a workflow easier, or increasing your physical activity engagement through VR gaming, both sections of research and reporting should inevitably help someone. This research has the potential to impact tens of millions of people across the United States.

Both the canonical Wnt and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways are important for prostate organogenesis and homeostasis. How they crosstalk to regulate prostate stem cell behaviors remains unclear. Here, we show in lineage-tracing mouse models that although Wnt is essential for basal stem cell multipotency, ectopic Wnt activity promotes basal cell over-proliferation and squamous phenotypes, which are counteracted by elevated levels of androgen. In prostate basal cell organoids, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) antagonizes R-spondin-stimulated growth in a concentration-dependent manner. DHT down-regulates the expressions of a Wnt reporter and target genes, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses identify Wnt signaling as a key altered pathway. Mechanistically, DHT enhances AR and β-catenin protein binding, and CUT&RUN analyses reveal that ectopic AR sequesters β-catenin away from its Wnt-related cistrome. Our results suggest that an intermediate level of Wnt activity in prostate basal stem cells, achieved via AR-β-catenin interaction, is essential for normal prostate homeostasis.

Refereed/Peer-reviewed The push towards a Metaverse is growing, with companies such as Meta developing their own interpretation of what it should look like. The Metaverse at its conceptual core promises to remove boundaries and borders, becoming a decentralised entity for everyone to use - forming a digital virtual layer over our own “real” world. However, creation of a Metaverse or “new world” presents the opportunity to create one which is inclusive and accessible to all. This challenge is explored and discussed in this workshop, with an aim of understanding how to create a Metaverse which is open and inclusive to people with physical and intellectual disabilities, and how interactions can be designed in a way to minimise disadvantage. The key outcomes of this workshop outline new opportunities for improving accessibility in the Metaverse, methodologies for designing and evaluating accessibility, and key considerations for designing accessible Metaverse environments and interactions.

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is crucial for driving prostate cancer (PCa), the most diagnosed and the second leading cause of death in male patients with cancer in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective in most instances of AR-positive advanced or metastatic PCa. However, patients inevitably develop lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), which is also resistant to the next-generation AR signaling inhibitors. Most CRPCs maintain AR expression, and blocking AR signaling remains a main therapeutic approach. GATA2 is a pioneer transcription factor emerging as a key therapeutic target for PCa because it promotes AR expression and activation. While directly inhibiting GATA2 transcriptional activity remains challenging, enhancing GATA2 degradation is a plausible therapeutic strategy. How GATA2 protein stability is regulated in PCa remains unknown. Here, we show that constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, drives GATA2 ubiquitination at K419/K424 for degradation. GATA2 lacks a conserved [D/E](x)xxVP[D/E] degron but uses alternate BR1/BR2 motifs to bind COP1. By promoting GATA2 degradation, COP1 inhibits AR expression and activation and represses PCa cell and xenograft growth and castration resistance. Accordingly, GATA2 overexpression or COP1 mutations that disrupt COP1-GATA2 binding block COP1 tumor-suppressing activities. We conclude that GATA2 is a major COP1 substrate in PCa and that COP1 promotion of GATA2 degradation is a direct mechanism for regulating AR expression and activation, PCa growth, and castration resistance.

In this manuscript, we present a preliminary report on the use of virtual palaeontology methodologies in two natural history museums in central Italy, the Geology and Paleontology Museum of Florence and the Civic Museum of Natural Sciences of Faenza. Despite the differences between the museums (in terms of history, type and size of the collections, etc.), the use of surface and computed tomography (CT) scans has allowed the acquisition of a consistent amount of data to create digital copies of selected specimens and to plan several future projects sparked from the use of these methodologies. Our first step focused on the selection of the scanning sample: type and historically relevant specimen in the case of the Florence museum, and fragile and relevant specimens for the Faenza museum from a local yet internationally known site, Cava Monticino, dated to the Late Miocene. The scanning techniques included the use of three high-resolution scanners, with different specifications, to acquire surface data and a medical scanner to obtain CT scans. The outputs of the surface scans were excellent digital copies of the specimens, whereas tomography allowed the first investigations and visualisations of the presence of embedded bones in the fossiliferous blocks of Cava Monticino. The resulting 3D and raw data represent invaluable resources that the two museums are currently planning to implement in their exhibitions using digital visualisation devices and techniques (e.g. AR web apps, touchscreens) or 3D-printed touchable specimens.

Understanding how Androgen-dependent PCa cells progress to independence and modify accordingly their transcriptional repertoire is the key to preventing mCRPC progression. We recently identified a novel axis of the Hippo pathway characterized by the sequential kinase cascade induced by androgen deprivation: AR−>TLK1B>NEK1>pYAP1-Y407 leading to CRPC adaptation. Phosphorylation of YAP-Y407 increases upon ADT or induction of DNA damage, correlated with the known increase in NEK1 expression/activity, and this is suppressed in the Y407F mutant. Dominant expression of YAP1-Y407F in Hek293 cells reprograms the YAP1-mediated transcriptome to reduced TEAD- and P73-regulated gene expression and mediates sensitivity to MMC. NEK1 haploinsufficient TRAMP mice display reduced YAP1 expression and if castrated fail to progress to overt prostate carcinomas, even while displaying reduced E-CAD expression in hyperplastic ductules. YAP1 overexpression, but not the Y407F mutant, transforms LNCaP cells to androgen independent growth and a mesenchymal morphology. Immunohistochemical examination of Prostate Cancer biopsies revealed that pYAP1-Y407 nuclear signal is low in samples of low-grade cancer but elevated in high GS specimens. We also found that J54, pharmacological inhibitor of the TLK1>NEK1>YAP1 nexus, leading to degradation of YAP1 can suppress the transcriptional reprogramming of LNCaP cells to Androgen-Independent growth and EMT progression even when YAP1-WT is overexpressed.

A growing number of research works, experiments and applications is investigating the potential at the intersection of augmented reality (AR) and the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Project management, project communication, collaborative design, maintenance and construction progress documentation, construction site safety, and training are some of the cases that can benefit from blending real and virtual views through mobile devices. In recent years, research also highlighted how mixed reality and building information modeling (BIM) could cooperate to provide effective communication between multiple agents and closer interaction between digital information and the building site. Nevertheless, consolidated applications in these fields are still limited, especially when compared to other areas of AR adoption. This paper presents the development of an AR-based mobile app for exploring telecommunications tower sites and interacting with a related BIM database. The project aims to provide easy-to-use tools to maintain both the physical assets and an up-to-date model. We discuss critical issues in developing a scalable and interoperable application, supporting the feasibility study of similar solutions in the AEC sector.

In recent years, augmented reality (AR) technology has been able to demonstrate more and more impressively the potential it brings for companies and their valueadding activities, and this even though acceptance of the technology in society is only just beginning. Due to this, our work aims to bring a comprehensive overview of AR deployment opportunities based on the value chain, forcing a symbiosis of potential demonstration and acceptance promotion. For our investigation, we consider the most important peer-reviewed papers on the state of research on augmented reality from a business perspective and provide a comprehensive overview of the different possible uses of AR within a company, structured according to Porter’s value chain, as well as an outlook on future research on the expansion and further development of AR systems. Based on this, we formulate research gaps for future work on AR in the context presented.

ZusammenfassungVirtuelles Netzwerken ist seit Beginn der Corona-Pandemie ein zentrales Mittel geworden, um sich zu vernetzen. Mit dem einschneidenden Ereignis von COVID-19 sind zahlreiche Alternativen zu traditionellen Netzwerkveranstaltungen wie Messen, Abendessen etc. entstanden. Hierbei traten jedoch auch viele Hürden auf, etwa die fehlende Menschlichkeit oder das zweidimensionale Erscheinungsbild im digitalen Raum. Ein Ansatz diese Herausforderungen zu überwinden, liegt in der Kombination von erweiterter Realität (engl. augmented reality (AR)) und Holografie. Um die technische Machbarkeit dieses Ansatzes zu überprüfen, haben wir mit AR-Experten und Kunden gesprochen und die Faktoren für und gegen die Nutzung von AR und Holografie zum Netzwerken diskutiert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Experten und Kunden hohes Potenzial in der Kombination sehen. Doch mangelt es momentan noch an technologischen Lösungen, um dies breitenwirksam einsetzen zu können. Die Experten und Kunden sind sich resümierend einig, dass es, basierend auf den aktuellen technischen Entwicklungen im Bereich AR und Holografie, in naher Zukunft dafür Lösungen geben wird und die Kombination von AR und Holografie dann eine gute Alternative zum Netzwerken darstellen kann. Daraus folgern wir, dass ortsunabhängiges Netzwerken mit AR und Holografie eine Welt zum Wohlfühlen für die Nutzenden schafft und einen klaren Mehrwert darstellt.

The future of mobile and internet technologies are manifesting advancements beyond the existing scope of science. The concepts of automated driving, augmented-reality, and machine-type-communication are quite sophisticated and require an elevation of the current mobile infrastructure for launching. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile technology serves as the solution, though it lacks a proximate networking infrastructure to satisfy the service guarantees. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) envisages such an edge computing platform. In this survey, we are revealing security vulnerabilities of key 5G-based use cases deployed in the MEC context. Probable security flows of each case are specified, while countermeasures are proposed for mitigating them.

Purpose Prostatic tissue in an ovarian teratoma is an unusual finding, whose initiation in a 46, XX karyotype tissue is yet to be clarified. We present a case from our files and review the literature for this intriguing finding. Methods Unstained histology sections of the ovarian teratoma containing prostatic tissue were evaluated using immunohistochemistry for PSA and androgen receptor. Results Both PSA and androgen receptor immunostainings were positive in the prostatic tissue. From the literature review, it appears that most of the patients (74%) with similar findings were either pregnant or experiencing a miscarriage, menopausal or infertile at presentation, showing that an imbalanced hormone status is frequently associated with the presence of male structures in ovarian teratomas.

This thesis addresses, discusses, and analyzes how to identify and map the use of contemporary virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) training systems that have been developed by the United States Navy (USN) and how they may be incorporated to resolve United States Coast Guard (USCG) training needs. Through interviews, site visits, and research, data on different training methods was compiled and used to develop a system map. Using this system map and System Engineering principles, this research is able to analyze known VR/AR systems to determine which best fits the requirements of a new system. With the ability to look across military branches to address training needs, the time and money invested in research and development of new training programs could be significantly reduced. A case study is included to provide both a basic outline and explanation on how this system mapping and the follow-on analysis can be used. This research also discusses the advantages and disadvantages associated with using different training methods and how that should affect decision making when choosing a training system. NPS Naval Research Program This project was funded in part by the NPS Naval Research Program. Lieutenant, United States Navy Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Industri game berkembang sangat pesat pada akhir 2010 hingga 2019. Di Indonesia sendiri, pada tahun 2017 industri game Indonesia memiliki nilai pasar sebesar $879 milyar dan diprediksikan akan terus berkembang setiap tahunnya. Namun dari fenomena yang terjadi pada industri game didalam maupun diluar negeri menunjukan indikasi kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang metode pengelolaan pengembangan game yang mengakibatkan gagal produksi, sehingga dapat menghambat perkembangan dan penyerapan ekonomi kreatif, khususnya pada sektor industri game di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman dan edukasi tentang metode manajemen produksi game kepada pengembang game pemula melalui game simulasi, agar gagal produksi dapat dihindari. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan edukasi first principles of instruction oleh Merrill (2002) dengan kerangka berfikir design thinking. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa pengembang game pemula kurang memiliki pengalaman dalam mengelola pengembangan game sehingga memiliki resiko kegagalan yang tinggi dalam fase produksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa game simulasi yang menerapkan metode edukasi Merrill dapat secara efektif memberikan pengalaman dan edukasi pada pengembang game pemula mengenai metode manajemen produksi game, dimana pengembang pemula dapat mengetahui proses-proses yang harus dilakukan pada fase produksi game.Kata Kunci: Manajemen Produksi, Produksi Game, Game Simulasi, Edukasi.. Abstract1434 / 5000 Translation results The game industry grew very rapidly from the end of 2010 to 2019. In Indonesia alone, in 2017 the Indonesian game industry had a market value of $879 billion and is predicted to continue to grow every year. However, the phenomena that occur in the game industry at home and abroad show indications of a lack of knowledge and understanding of game development management methods that result in production failure, so that it can hinder the development and absorption of the creative economy, especially in the game industry sector in Indonesia. This study aims to provide experience and education about game production management methods to novice game developers through simulation games, so that production failures can be avoided. This research method uses qualitative methods and the educational approach of first principles of instruction by Merrill (2002) with a design thinking framework. In this study it was found that novice game developers lack experience in managing game development so they have a high risk of failure in the production phase. The results of this study indicate that simulation games that apply Merrill's educational method can effectively provide experience and education to novice game developers regarding game production management methods, where novice developers can find out the processes that must be carried out in the game production phase.Keywords:. Production Management, Game Production, Simulation Game, Education.

Background Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of invasive mammary carcinoma associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell characteristics. Data regarding prognostic markers and potentially actionable targets for therapy are still limited. The present study aimed to characterize the immunohistochemical landscape of this rare malignancy and to identify potential prognostic factors and targets for therapy. Material and methods A total of 75 patients diagnosed with MpBC over a 15-year period were included in the study. We performed immunohistochemical analyses for Ki-67 (MIB-1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cytokeratin 5/6, vimentin, CD44, and androgen receptor (AR) and correlated their expression with clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes. The p-values for survival analyses were corrected for multiple testing (threshold 0.01). Results Most tumors expressed CK5/6 (73%), EGFR (59%), CD44 (81%), and vimentin (87%). Eighty-nine percent had a high Ki-67 index. Eighty-four percent were classified as basal-like (CK 5/6 or EGFR positive). AR was expressed in 21% of the tumors. The basal-like phenotype was significantly (p = 0.009) associated with inferior disease-free (DFS) and breast-cancer-specific overall survival (BCOS) with borderline significance (p = 0.01). In addition, a low Ki-67 index was associated with improved DFS (p = 0.033) and BCOS (p = 0.03). Conclusion Most MpBCs express basal markers (CK5/6, EGFR), epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker vimentin, and the stem cell marker CD44. Expression of basal-like markers was significantly related to inferior DFS. All the 11 patients with a lack of expression of basal markers survived without relapse.

While loneliness in our real lives is increasingly recognized as having dire physical, mental, and emotional consequences, cooperative games have been shown to build empathy and provide positive social impact. In this paper, the authors present “The Woods,” a local cooperative, mixed-reality game using augmented reality and 4-channel audio spatialization panning that provides players with face-to-face interactions in pursuit of a shared goal. This paper discusses the narrative, mechanical, and sonic components of the game, as well as the game’s development process and the players’ experiences. The goal of our team is to develop a narrative-driven AR game that promotes collaborative problem-solving and engages players in an emergent physical and digital experience.

“The Woods” is a mixed-reality, two-player cooperative game that addresses the perils of social isolation by promoting connections between people and actively engaging them through play. Using augmented reality (AR) and 4-channel audio spatialization panning, players choreograph their movement in real-world space while interacting with birds, clouds, and other objects in virtual space. In pursuit of a shared goal, players experience an immersive sonic narrative of rumbling storm clouds and disconnected voices that culminate in stories of hope and reconciliation. The design intent behind “The Woods” is to illuminate human connections to others and to celebrate this through collaborative play.

This systematic literature review aims to examine the different immersive technologies used to support autistic groups and determine the degree to which designers and researchers have taken into account the views and perspectives of autistic groups in the design and execution of related immersive learning research studies.

The Navy maintenance program suffers from many inefficiencies, including poor labeling practices, difficult component identification, unspecific descriptions of component location in spaces for repair, and complicated diagrams. Maintenance programs onboard United States Naval Ships are a critical program to ensure they are prepared for combat and their duties by doing routine maintenance to equipment and keeping them in optimal working condition through repair. As mission difficulty and pace increases, these programs need to be carried out with fewer errors and more efficiently. Augmented reality (AR) technology can be used to identify and label all components in a space to assist with correctly identifying equipment and provide virtual instructions with critical, step-by-step information for conducting maintenance, inspections, repair work, and Damage Control (DC) events. Utilizing AR technology, Sailors or outside activity (i.e., contractors and shore-based repair facility Sailors) can enter a ship compartment and rapidly and accurately carry out a variety of maintenance program tasks. This technology would be particularly beneficial to inexperienced Sailors and outside activity by bolstering their limited knowledge and assisting them in the identification and prioritization of critical tasks and items, while simultaneously reducing the time required, and number of errors committed, while performing those tasks. Lieutenant, United States Navy Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Foundations of Erobotics (accepted for publication, in press) at the International Journal of Social Robotics Abstract: Technology is giving rise to artificial erotic agents, which we call erobots (erôs + bot). Erobots, such as virtual or augmented partners, erotic chatbots, and sex robots, increasingly expose humans to the possibility of intimacy and sexuality with artificial agents. Their advent has sparked academic and public debates: some denounce their risks (e.g., promotion of harmful sociosexual norms), while others defend their potential benefits (e.g., health, education, and research applications). Yet, the scientific study of human-machine erotic interaction is limited; no comprehensive theoretical models have been proposed and the empirical literature remains scarce. The current research programs investigating erotic technologies tend to focus on the risks and benefits of erobots, rather than providing solutions to resolve the former and enhance the latter. Moreover, we feel that these programs underestimate how humans and machines unpredictably interact and co-evolve, as well as the influence of sociocultural processes on technological development and meaning attribution. To comprehensively explore human-machine erotic interaction and co-evolution, we argue that we need a new unified transdisciplinary field of research – grounded in sexuality and technology positive frameworks – focusing on human-erobot interaction and co-evolution as well as guiding the development of beneficial erotic machines. We call this field Erobotics. As a first contribution to this new discipline, this article defines Erobotics and its related concepts; proposes a model of human-erobot interaction and co-evolution; and suggests a path to design beneficial erotic machines that could mitigate risks and enhance human well-being.

Alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) has been associated with increased levels of metabolism in various malignant tumors. However, its biological significance in the proliferation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells remains under investigation. We used the cBioPortal database to assess the effect of ASCT2 expression on the oncological outcomes of 108 PCa patients. To evaluate the function of ASCT2 in castration-sensitive PCa (CSPC) and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), LNCaP cells and the ARV7-positive PCa cell line, 22Rv1, were assessed using cell proliferation assays and Western blot analyses. The ASCT2 expression level was associated with biochemical recurrence-free survival after prostatectomy in patients with a Gleason score ≥ 7. In vitro experiments indicated that the growth of LNCaP cells after combination therapy of ASCT2 siRNA and enzalutamide treatment was significantly reduced, compared to that following treatment with enzalutamide alone or ASCT2 siRNA transfection alone (p < 0.01, 0.01, respectively). After ASCT2 inhibition by siRNA transfection, the growth of 22Rv1 cells was significantly suppressed as compared with negative control siRNA via downregulation of ARV7 both in fetal bovine serum and androgen-deprivation conditions (p < 0.01, 0.01, respectively). We demonstrated that ASCT2 inhibition significantly reduced the proliferation rates of both CSPC and CRPC cells in vitro.

A contaminação microbiana em biotérios é perigosa para humanos e animais. Portanto, os padrões sanitários devem sempre ser mantidos para evitar a contaminação microbiana nessas instalações. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de contaminação do ar e da água e identificar o microrganismo isolado de um biotério de roedores localizado na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) por mililitro foram usadas para monitorar quantitativamente a água, enquanto UFC por metro cúbico foi usado para o ar. A identificação microbiana de colônias isoladas foi realizada para monitoramento qualitativo. O número médio total de microrganismos na água variou de 0,015 ± 0,02 a 0,999 ± 0,91 UFC/mL. O número de microrganismos no ar variou de 9,1 ± 4,6 a 351,56 ± 158,2 UFC/m³. Quarenta e um microrganismos identificados nas amostras do biotério de roedores eram potencialmente patogênicos e/ou oportunistas tanto para animais quanto para humanos. Concluindo que tanto as amostras de água quanto de ar apresentaram contaminação de microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos e oportunistas que podem prejudicar tanto roedores quanto humanos. Com base em nossas observações, padrões sanitários específicos adequados para essas instalações devem ser desenvolvidos para controlar a contaminação microbiana, o que evitará zoonoses e garantirá confiabilidade nos resultados científicos dos experimentos com animais. Microbial contamination in animal facilities is hazardous for both humans and animals. Hence, sanitary standards should always be maintained to prevent microbial contamination in these facilities. This study aimed to evaluate the level of air and water contamination and identify the isolated microbial of rodent facility located at the Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter was used for quantitatively monitoring water, while CFU per cubic meter was used for air. Microbial identification of isolated colonies was performed for qualitative monitoring. The total mean number of microorganism in water ranged from 0.015 ± 0.02 to 0.999 ± 0.91 CFU/mL. The number of microorganism in air ranged from 9.1 ± 4.6 to 351.56 ± 158.2 CFU/m³. Forty-one microorganisms identified in the samples of the rodent facility were potentially pathogenic and/or opportunistic for both animals and humans. Concluding that both water and air samples showed contamination of potentially pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms that can harm both rodents and humans. On the basis of our observations, specific sanitary standards suitable for these facilities should be developed for controlling microbial contamination, which will prevent zoonosis and ensure reliability in scientific results of animal experiments. Dissertação (Mestrado) 2022-04-18

Radio frequency plasma (RFP) could provide reliable, compact, cost-effective irradiation applications against insect pests of stored food and feed products. Sensitivity of red flour beetleTribolium castaneumto RFP has been investigated using an irradiation applicator system with the two types of inert gases, argon (Ar) and helium (He), at 100 W for five exposure time levels of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 90 s, respectively. We demonstrated that He RFP was more efficient againstT. castaneumthan Ar RFP. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between mortality percentages of treated insect stages and exposure times for both He and Ar RFP. The adult stage showed the highest tolerance to RFP irradiation followed by larvae and pupae; however, it was more susceptible than larvae within 24 h after He RFP treatments. The optimum exposure time was 90 s with He RFP, where a full mortality at all tested stages was accomplished, while mortalities of 71.4, 65.3 and 36.7% were recorded for pupae, larvae and adult stage, respectively, after an Ar RFP treatment of 90 s. In case of treated adults, the reproduction rate was higher than treated larvae and pupae. Our findings indicated that He RFP was an effective method for inhibitingT. castaneumdevelopment and impacting the insect life cycle and could be considered a promising tool for pest control of stored food.

Purpose of Review Augmented reality (AR) is becoming increasingly popular in modern-day medicine. Computer-driven tools are progressively integrated into clinical and surgical procedures. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current technology and its challenges based on recent literature mainly focusing on clinical, cadaver, and innovative sawbone studies in the field of orthopedic surgery. The most relevant literature was selected according to clinical and innovational relevance and is summarized. Recent Findings Augmented reality applications in orthopedic surgery are increasingly reported. In this review, we summarize basic principles of AR including data preparation, visualization, and registration/tracking and present recently published clinical applications in the area of spine, osteotomies, arthroplasty, trauma, and orthopedic oncology. Higher accuracy in surgical execution, reduction of radiation exposure, and decreased surgery time are major findings presented in the literature. Summary In light of the tremendous progress of technological developments in modern-day medicine and emerging numbers of research groups working on the implementation of AR in routine clinical procedures, we expect the AR technology soon to be implemented as standard devices in orthopedic surgery.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most prevalent cancer in the head and neck region, develops from the mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Its development directly correlates with alcohol and/or tobacco consumption and infection with human papillomavirus. Interestingly, the relative risk for HNSCC is up to five times higher in males, so it is considered that the endocrine microenvironment is another risk factor. A gender-specific risk for HNSCC suggests either the existence of specific risk factors that affect only males or that females have defensive hormonal and metabolic features. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of both nuclear and membrane androgen receptors (nAR and mARs, respectively) in HNSCC. As expected, the significance of nAR is much better known; it was shown that increased nAR expression was observed in HNSCC, while treatment with dihydrotestosterone increased proliferation, migration, and invasion of HNSCC cells. For only three out of five currently known mARs—TRPM8, CaV1.2, and OXER1—it was shown either their increased expression in various types of HNSCC or that their increased activity enhanced the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. The primary treatments for HNSCC are surgery and radiotherapy, but targeted immunotherapies are on the rise. On the other hand, given the evidence of elevated nAR expression in HNSCC, this receptor represents a potential target for antiandrogen therapy. Moreover, there is still plenty of room for further examination of mARs’ role in HNSCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

In the domain of Marine Education and Training (MET), simulators have been utilized for the purpose of training seafarers in the norms for avoiding collisions or for developing the skill of ship manoeuvrability, and even the operation of machinery in the engine room, as well as for conducting research on the subject matter of ship structure, specialized vessel operation, working principle of equipment, and shipboard safety training. These tools are even more important when facing disruptive events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In MET institutions, full-mission bridge and engine room simulators have been utilized for teaching seafarers for more than a decade. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify immersive and non-immersive simulator applications produced over the previous ten years to improve seafarers’ experiential teaching and learning, in the maritime domain. We retrieved 27 articles using the four stages of PRISMA paradigm: Identification, Screening, Eligibility, and Inclusion. The selected papers were read and analyzed according to the training type, the area of training, and the technologies used. The utilization of immersive and non-immersive simulators in the context of the MET domain has been identified and mapped. A few research studies (9 out of 27) compared immersive and non-immersive simulator-based training with conventional training. The quality and efficacy of immersive and non-immersive simulator training at MET institutions have been studied. A model from the learner’s perspective is essential and recommended for future research to assess efficiency and efficacy.

Although primary androgen deprivation therapy resulted in tumour regression, unfortunately, majority of prostate cancer progress to a lethal castration‐resistant prostate cancer, finally die to metastasis. The mutual feedback between AKT and AR pathways plays a vital role in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer. Therefore, the treatment of a single factor will eventually inevitably lead to failure. Therefore, better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis is critical to the development of new and more effective therapeutic agents. In this study, we created prostate cancer CWR22rv1 cells with the double knockout of Akt1 and Akt2 genes through CRISPR/Cas9 method to investigate the effect of Akt in metastasis of prostate cancer. It was found that knockout of Akt1/2 resulted in markedly reduced metastasis in vitro and in vivo, and appeared to interfere AR nuclear translocation through regulating downstream regulatory factor, FOXO proteins. It suggests that some downstream regulatory factors in the AKT and AR interaction network play a vital role in prostate cancer metastasis and are potential targeting molecules for prostate cancer metastasis treatment.

The research objectives are: (1) to develop an Animation-AR (AAR) Silhouette Model to Create Character Identity Innovation for Computer Art Pre- Production; (2) to evaluate the model; and (3) to study the effect of using the model. The sample group are 7 experts who have taught computer art for more than 5 years. The results of the research were: (1) the model consists of 3 elements: Input Factors, AAR Silhouette Process, and Character Identity Innovation; (2) the result of a satisfaction model based on expert assessment is at the highest level (xˉ = 4.33, S.D. = 0.69); and (3) the results of the trial using the model found that the Character Identity Innovation displays a high level of satisfaction.

Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than 90% of liver cancers and is ranked as the fifth most common malignancy. Androgen receptor (AR) may promote the progression of HCC at an early stage of the disease. However, this study identified miR-135b-5p as an AR upstream regulator can suppress AR protein expression and inhibit HCC proliferation, consistent with the idea that AR expression is negatively correlated with HCC progression. Methods The target microRNAs were predicted using online databases (TargetScan, miRDB, and MicroCosm Targets). Cell proliferation ability was measured by MTT and colony formation assay. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression levels of AR, HIF-2α, c-Myc, and p27, which are related to HCC proliferation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and luciferase reporter assay were carried out to investigate the mechanism by which miR-135b-5p decreases AR expression. Results miR-135b-5p suppresses HCC cell proliferation and AR expression. Downregulation of AR expression by miR-135b-5p may in turn transcriptionally modulate HIF-2α expression via direct binding of AR to the androgen response element (ARE) in the HIF-2α promoter. Further dissection of the mechanism revealed that AR-modulated HIF-2α could suppress c-Myc expression resulting in increased p27 expression that likely contributes to the suppression of proliferation in HCC cells. Conclusion miR-135b-5p suppresses HCC cell proliferation via targeting AR-modulated HIF-2α/c-Myc/p27 signals, which may help to develop more effective therapies to prevent HCC progression.

Contains fulltext : 251571.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the existing research concerning the use and effects of AR in patient education. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines four electronic databases were systematically searched. INCLUSION CRITERIA: empirical studies using any type of AR intervention in patient education across all medical specialties. Quality assessment of the retrieved literature was carried out. RESULTS: Ten papers, comprising 788 patients, were identified and included (Randomized controlled trial (RCT)(n = 3), non-randomized controlled trial (n = 3), before-and-after study (n = 3), and qualitative survey (n = 1)). Retrieved literature showed itself to be highly heterogeneous. The studied population included patients suffering from a diverse spectrum of chronic diseases (e.g., prostate cancer, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy). Quantitative results indicated that the use of AR had a positive effect on knowledge retention and patient satisfaction. Qualitative findings suggested that patients liked the technology and felt comfortable with its use for educational purposes. The quality of the retrieved results was shown to be moderate to low. CONCLUSION: The limited evidence of this topic suggests the possible potential of AR in patient education. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: More research, using high-quality study designs and more evidence-based interventions, is needed to fully appreciate the value of AR on patient education.

Good and regular inspections of transportation infrastructures such as bridges and overpasses are necessary to maintain the safety of the public who uses them and the integrity of the structures. Until recently, these inspections were done entirely manually by using mainly visual inspection to detect defects on the structure. In the last few years, inspection by drone is an emerging way of achieving inspection that allows more efficient access to the structure. This paper describes a human-in-the-loop system that combines AI and AR for bridge inspection by drone., VAMR 2022, Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality 14th International Conference, held as part of HCII 2022, the 24th HCI International Conference, June 26th - July 1, 2022, Virtual Event, Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science

В статье рассматриваются средства, которые архитекторы использовали в процессе проектирования на протяжении веков и в современном мире., The article researches tools that architects used in the design process in history and in the modern world.

NPS NRP Executive Summary Recent years have been marked by the emergence of affordable off-the-shelf solutions in Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technology. Those advances created a unique opportunity for exercising transformational approaches to personalized, just-in-time relevant training of large numbers of people. The research studies suggest that the systemic application of novel technical solutions in training will have a major positive impact on operational readiness regardless of community size or Department of Defense service demographic. These findings are especially relevant during times of financial constraints, or environmental limitations such as pandemics. We propose a series of research activities to identify best in class contemporary VR/AR training solutions used by the U.S. Navy and map those systems' capabilities to the U.S. Coast Guard's (USCG) needs. Although the research questions addressed in this effort are focused on current U.S. Navy (USN) training solutions and practices, there is sufficient evidence to support the transferability of training effectiveness across services, resulting in a tenfold return on taxpayer investment. Further, this VR/AR research compliments congressionally mandated interoperability requirements for USN and USCG, while simultaneously addressing USCG training gaps/shortfalls. The research will include a review of current literature dedicated to training effectiveness of VR and AR systems, discussions with stakeholders, and data collection that provide understanding about the USCG's training requirements. Our investigation will emphasize the benefits that each system offers, include advantages, disadvantages, potential obstacles to large-scale adoption, and highlight the best use cases. Office of Naval Research (ONR) ASN(RDA) - Research, Development, and Acquisition This research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrp Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

The article presents a broad overview of the use of 3D modeling technology, 3D scanning of the human body, virtual fitting. The authors analyzed user preferences when buying goods online. The influence of 3D technologies for the fashion industry was studied, it was found that 3D technologies allow online stores to reduce the number of returns and increase the average check. Based on these studies, a system of recommendations is presented on how to increase customer satisfaction by giving them the opportunity to change the design of the product, and how to automatically adapt the patterns so that they are ideally suited for any client. Based on a professional apparel knowledge base, virtual fitting experience, and return statistics, the authors try to find a solution to make the 3D model and the real product as similar as possible. Digital clothing has become a reality of modern fashion, and is already used by both consumers and businesses designers, brands and fashion retailers. A promising option is to use digital clothing not as a final product, but as a tool for preliminary demonstration of goods: the possibility of presenting a future collection for pre-order and reselling goods before the release of a real collection. Fashion retail can use digital models at the stage of preparing the collection before it is finished, as a preview for pre-order. Another possible, but not yet implemented, option for using virtual clothing in fashion retail is tailoring on demand, when the buyer gets the opportunity to fully adapt the chosen model for himself and try on the result in advance in the virtual space. World leaders in fashion are moving towards 3D, towards mannequins adapted to people in order to be able to create clothes on demand. With a 3D twin of clothing, production costs are significantly reduced, for example, during the development of a 3D model, instead of two or three stitched samples, only one will be needed. Moreover, companies will be able to produce a range tailored to consumer demand in optimal quantities. Some foreign brands present a new collection immediately in 3D, offering users to pre-order, thus assessing the potential of each assortment model for the target audience, and then form the final assortment matrix for mass production in optimal quantitative proportions, significantly reducing their costs. 3D design gives limitless possibilities for customization clothes are fully adjusted to the buyer fit perfectly and can be changed in any detail to the taste and style of the owner., В статье представлен широкий обзор использования технологии 3D моделирования, 3D сканирования тела человека, виртуальной примерки. Авторами проведен анализ пользовательских предпочтений при покупке товаров в онлайн среде. Было исследовано влияние 3D технологий для модной индустрии, выявлено, что 3D технологии позволяют интернет-магазинам уменьшить количество возвратов и увеличить средний чек. На базе этих исследований представлена система рекомендаций как повысить удовлетворенность клиентов, предоставив им возможность изменить дизайн изделия, и как автоматически адаптировать лекала, чтобы они идеально подходили для любого клиента. Основываясь на профессиональной базе знаний об одежде, опыте виртуальной примерки и статистике возвратов, авторы пытаются найти решение, как сделать 3D-модель и реальный товар наиболее похожими. Цифровая одежда стала реальностью современной моды, и уже используется как рядовыми потребителями, так и бизнесом: дизайнерами, рендами и fashion-ритейлерами. Перспективным видится вариант использования цифровой одежды не как конечного продукта, а как инструмента для предварительной демонстрации товара: возможности презентации будущей коллекции для предзаказа и перепродажи товаров перед выпуском реальной коллекции. Представители fashion-ритейла могут использовать цифровые модели на этапе подготовки коллекции (до отшива) как превью для предзаказа. Еще один возможный, но пока не реализованный вариант использования виртуальной одежды в fashion-ритейле – пошив одежды on demand, когда покупатель получает возможность полностью адаптировать выбранную модель под себя и заранее примерить полученный результат в виртуальном пространстве. Мировые лидеры моды идут в сторону 3D, в сторону манекенов, адаптированных под людей, чтобы иметь возможность создавать одежду on demand. С 3D-двойником одежды затраты на производство существенно сокращаются, например, во время отработки 3D-модели вместо двух или трех сшитых образцов понадобится только один. Более того, компании смогут производить ассортимент, адаптированный к потребительскому спросу, в оптимальном количестве. Некоторые зарубежные бренды представляют новую коллекцию сразу в 3D, предлагая пользователям сделать предзаказ, таким образом оценивая потенциал каждой модели ассортимента на целевой аудитории, а затем уже формируют окончательную матрицу ассортимента для массового производства в оптимальных количественных пропорциях, существенно сокращая свои затраты. 3D дизайн дает безграничные возможности для кастомизации: одежда полностью подстраивается под покупателя, идеально садится и может быть изменена в любых деталях под вкус и стиль владельца.

Berdasarkan data dari prekuesioner tentang kebutuhan media informasi di PT. Telkom WITEL Bandung, sebanyak 75% karyawan belum mengetahui tentang informasi bank baterai secara mendetail dan lainnya hanya mengetahui dari manual book dan internet. Sulitnya mendapatkan informasi dari suatu perangkat menyebabkan terjadinya berbagai tindakan dan keputusan yang tidak sesuai dengan standar prosedur yang telah ditetapkan. Di sisi lain, manual book menyajikan informasi secara konkret, sehingga menyulitkan para pegawai untuk memahami informasi secara cepat dan tepat yang menyebabkan menurunnya minat baca. Penerapan Augmented Reality (AR) sebagai media informasi bank baterai menjadi salah satu pemanfaatan teknologi yang tepat untuk menyampaikan informasi secara digital. Dengan AR, pengguna akan merasakan informasi muncul secara langsung seperti objek fisik ke dalam dunia nyata, sehingga menjadi lebih realistis, interaktif, dan mudah dipahami secara cepat dan tepat sesuai dengan standar prosedur yang telah ditetapkan. Pada makalah ini, perancangan aplikasi AR menggunakan metodologi Luther-Sutopo berbasis Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) dengan jenis AR Marker Based Tracking. Hasil pengujian fungsionalitas menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi sudah berjalan dengan baik dan siap untuk digunakan sebagai sistem media informasi bank baterai di PT. Telkom WITEL Bandung yang dapat diunduh di Google Play Store.

Objective — to investigate the relationship between the level of expression of androgen/estrogen receptors (AR/ER) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and to develop a method for predicting the course of rosacea in women, providing an opportunity to predict in advance the severity of the disease and timely assign a personalized individual therapy.Materials and methods. The study selected 16 biopsies of pathologically altered skin of female patients with rosacea. Immunohistochemical study of the obtained samples was performed using primary monoclonal antibodies to VEGF, AR and ER.Results and discussion. Based on immunohistochemical studies, a significant increase in the expression of receptors to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), androgen/estrogen receptors (AR/ER) in the skin biopsy samples of rosacea patients compared with healthy skin (from p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) was revealed. VEGF vascular endothelial growth marker for rosacea informs about the level of vasculogenesis and inflammation in the epidermis and around the pilosebaceous unit. An increase in the level of AR expression in the epithelium of the glands and follicular epithelium, and the level of vasculogenesis around the pilosebaceous unit indicates the transition of rosacea from ETP to SPR and the beginning of irreversible changes in the structure and size of the sebaceous glands.Conclusions. The analysis of the levels of expression of AR and ER receptors and the level of VEGF revealed a probable relationship between certain changes and characteristics of the clinical course of rosacea in patients. The revealed correlations made it possible to develop an algorithm for predicting the progressive course of rosacea in women to choose an adequate therapeutic influence on all links of the pathogenesis. In the complex of a patient’s diagnostic examination, it is extremely important to have an effective method for predicting an individual course of rosacea in the particular patient for prescribing pathogenetically substantiated and effective therapy. This illustrates the feasibility of the further studying of the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of rosacea development and the pathogenetic role of expression of skin and vascular receptors in the formation of the inflammatory process in rosacea., Цель работы — исследовать взаимосвязь между уровнем экспрессии рецепторов андрогенов/эстрогенов (AR/ER) и маркера роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF) и разработать способ прогнозирования течения розацеа у женщин, обеспечивающего возможность заранее предусмотреть тяжесть течения болезни и вовремя назначить оправданную индивидуализированную терапию.Материалы и методы. Для исследования отобрано 16 биоптатов патологически измененной кожи больных розацеа женщин. Проводилось иммуногистохимическое исследование полученных образцов с помощью первичных моноклональных антител к VEGF, AR i ER.Результаты и обсуждение. На основании иммуногистохимического исследования выявлено существенное повышение экспрессии рецепторов к фактору роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF), рецепторов к андрогенам/эстрогенам (AR/ER) в биоптатах кожи больных розацеа по сравнению со здоровой кожей (от p < 0,05 до p < 0,001). Маркер роста эндотелия сосудов VEGF при розацеа информирует об уровне васкулогенеза и воспаления в эпидермисе и вокруг pilosebaceous unit. Повышение уровня експрессии АR в эпителии желез и фолликулярном эпителии и уровня васкулогенеза вокруг pilosebaceous unit свидетельствует о переходе розацеа с эритематозно-телеангиэктатической формы в папуло-пустулезную и начале необратимых изменений структуры и размеров сальных желез.Выводы. При анализе уровня экспрессии АR и ER-рецепторов и уровня VEGF выявлено вероятную связь между определенными изменениями и особенностями клинического течения розацеа у больных. Выявленные корреляции позволили разработать алгоритм прогнозирования прогредиентного течения розацеа у женщин для выбора адекватного терапевтического воздействия на все звенья патогенеза. В комплексе диагностического обследования пациента крайне важно иметь действенный способ прогнозирования индивидуального течения розацеа у конкретного больного для назначения патогенетически обоснованной и эффективной терапии. Это иллюстрирует целесообразность дальнейшего изучения иммунопатогенетических механзмов развития розацеа и патогенетической роли экспрессии рецепторов кожи и сосудов в формировании воспалительного процесса при розацеа., Мета роботи — дослідити взаємозв’язок між рівнем експресії рецепторів андрогенів/естрогенів (AR/ER) і маркера росту ендотелію судин (VEGF) та розробити спосіб прогнозування перебігу розацеа у жінок, що забезпечить можливість заздалегідь передбачити тяжкість перебігу хвороби та вчасно призначити виправдану індивідуалізовану терапію.Матеріали та методи. Для дослідження відібрано 16 біоптатів патологічно зміненої шкіри хворих на розацеа жінок. Проводилось імуногістохімічне дослідження отриманих зразків за допомогою первинних моноклональних антитіл до VEGF, AR i ER.Результати та обговорення. На підставі імуногістохімічного дослідження встановлено суттєве підвищення експресії рецепторів до фактора росту ендотелію судин (VEGF), рецепторів до андрогенів/естрогенів (AR, ER) у біоптатах шкіри хворих на розацеа порівняно зі здоровою шкірою (від p < 0,05 до p < 0,001). Маркер росту ендотелію судин VEGF при розацеа інформує про рівень васкулогенезу і запалення в епідермісі та навколо pilosebaceous unit. Підвищення рівня экспресії АR в епітелії залоз та фолікулярному епітелії, та рівня васкулогенезу навколо pilosebaceous unit свідчить про перехід розацеа з еритематозно-телеангіектатичної форми у папуло-пустульозну і початок незворотних змін структури і розмірів сальних залоз. Висновки. При аналізі рівня експресії АR та ER-рецепторів та рівня VEGF виявлено вірогідний зв’язок між визначеними змінами та особливістю клінічного перебігу розацеа у хворих. Виявлені кореляції дали змогу розробити алгоритм прогнозування прогредієнтного перебігу розацеа у жінок для вибору адекватного терапевтичного впливу на всі ланки патогенезу. В комплексі діагностичного обстеження пацієнта вкрай важливо мати діючий спосіб прогнозування індивідуального перебігу розацеа у конкретного хворого для призначення патогенетично обґрунтованої та ефективної терапії. Це ілюструє доцільність подальшого вивчення імунопатогенетичних механізмів розвитку розацеа та патогенетичної ролі експресії рецепторів шкіри та судин у формуванні запального процесу при розацеа.

Time series data is common in data sets has become one of the focuses of current research. The prediction of time series can be realized through the mining of time series data, so that we can obtain the development process and regularity of social economic phenomena reflected by time series, and extrapolate to predict its development trend. More and more attention has been paid to time series prediction in the era of big data. It is the basic application of time series prediction to accurately predict the trend. In this paper, we introduce various time series autoregressive (AR) model, moving average (MA) model, and ARIMA model that is combined by AR and MA. As the time series prediction in general scenarios, the ARIMA is applied to the risk prediction of the National SME Stock Trading (New Third Board) in combination with specific scenarios. The case studies show that the results of our analysis are basically consistent with the actual situation, which has greatly helped the prediction of financial risks.

Apocrine carcinoma is a very rare type of breast cancer, which represents 0.5-4% of all breast cancers. The aim of the study was to analyze biological and clinical features of apocrine carcinoma and their influence on patients survival. The studied group consists of 57 patients, who underwent treatment between 1987 and 2010. Expression of ER, PgR, HER2, AR, GCDFP-15, EGFR, CK 5/6, CK 8/18 and Ki-67 was assessed immunohistochemically on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Presence of emboli and extent of lymphocyte infiltration were assessed on haematoxylin-eosin-stained slides. In the investigated group, 16 cases were ER/PgR positive and 49 were AR-positive. ER/PgR-negative tumours were often characterised by CK5/6 and EGFR positivity. The presence of AR was related to HER-2 and GCDFP-15 expression and tumours with expression of CK5/6 were more likely be EGFR positive and had higher Ki-67 LI. Higher probability of 10-years OS and DFS was observed in patients with tumours characterized by Ki-67 LI

Background: Androgen receptor (AR) has a role in regulating malignancies and gender disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, TLR4 activation is demonstrated to be required for HCC progression; however, whether and how TLR4 interacts with AR is largely unknown. Methods: The tumorigenesis was detected in female and male mice induced by DEN/CCL4, then TLR4 and AR signals were detected in liver tissues by qPCR and FACS. The proliferation, colony formation and migration of HCC cell treated with TLR4 agonist LPS, or/and androgen DHT were evaluated in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of TLR4 and AR was detected by IHC in tissue microarray of HCC, and correlation of AR and TLR4 was defined. Results: Male mice are more susceptible to develop HCC than female mice. Meanwhile, we found baseline TLR4 levels were higher in male mice than in female mice. AR expression in male mice was increased by treatment with DEN/CCL4. And, AR was constitutively expressed in human HCC cell lines. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulated TLR4 expression in both HepG2 and HepG2 2.15 cells, which could be blocked by silencing AR. On the other hand, treatment with LPS stimulated AR expression, but it was blocked by treatment with TLR4 antagonist and in cells deficient for TLR4. DHT treatment exacerbated TLR4-induced cellular proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells. The positive relationship between AR and TLR4 was confirmed in human HCC samples. Conclusions: DHT-AR-TLR4 signaling enhances the development of HCC cells and facilitates their migration and invasion, demonstrating a mechanism underlying gender disparity in HCC.

Epigenetic alterations that lead to dysregulated gene expression in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of histone deubiquitinase MYSM1 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). Tissues and public datasets of PCa were evaluated for MYSM1 levels. We explored the effects of MYSM1 on cell proliferation, senescence and viability both in vitro and in vivo. Integrative database analyses and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to elucidate genomic association of MYSM1 and MYSM1-involved biological interaction network in PCa. We observed that MYSM1 were downregulated in CRPC compared to localized prostate tumors. Knockdown of MYSM1 promoted cell proliferation and suppressed senescence of CRPC cells under condition of androgen ablation. MYSM1 downregulation enhanced the tumorigenic ability in nude mice. Integrative bioinformatic analyses of the significantly associated genes with MYSM1 revealed MYSM1-correlated pathways, providing substantial clues as to the role of MYSM1 in PCa. MYSM1 was able to bind to androgen receptor instead of increasing its expression and knockdown of MYSM1 resulted in activation of Akt/c-Raf/GSK-3β signaling. Together, our findings indicate that MYSM1 is pivotal in CRPC pathogenesis and may be established as a potential target for future treatment.

D5.2 presents the initial versions of the eTryOn interaction systems which include threeinteractive solutions that were thoroughly described in D5.1 and are outlined below: ● VR Designer: A Virtual Reality (VR) creative fashion application targeting fashiondesigners, facilitating them throughout the creative process of garment design byoffering realistic fitting of the digital garments on photorealistic 3D avatars, ● Dress Me Up: A fashion mobile application for social media users (e.g.influencers), allowing them to virtually change their outfit in an image or video byselecting from a pool of digital garments and then uploading it to social media,and ● Magic Mirror: A mobile-based e-commerce Augmented Reality (AR) fashion appthat enables virtual try-ons of garments during online shopping that aims torecreate the at home experience of buying clothes from a physical store. In this document we start with a brief introduction section that outlines the updates foreach interaction system, then move on to document each software implementationupdate and further development by use case. Finally we outline the Software Documentation for the VR Designer and Dress Me Up inthe Appendix. This deliverable will feed the pilot phase.

In light of the current debate on the impact of our current food system on climate changeand related mitigation strategies, addressing the acceptance of sustainability aspects within consumerbehavioral issues is of vital importance. However, the field remains mute on how those strategies canbe designed and employed effectively to stimulate sustainable food consumption behavior. Immersivenarrative design is a promising approach to engaging consumers in this context. Within this study, weshed light on how to create immersive, impactful, interactive narratives in augmented reality (AR)together with consumers. We propose a novel approach to how those stories can be planned, utilizingparticipatory design methods. Within a step-wise process, we develop the storyboard together withconsumers. In the next step, we evaluate multiple approaches with AR application developers onhow this storyline can be enhanced in AR considering the perspective of various stakeholders likedevelopers, behavioral scientists, and consumers. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework for howimmersive narratives can be designed and validated in a collaborative, multidimensional approachfor impactful AR narrative content designs to stimulate sustainable food behavior for consumers.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of malignancy and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in developed countries. Cyclin dependent kinase 2 associate protein 1(CDK2AP1) is an epigenetic and cell cycle regulator gene which has been downregulated in several malignancies, but its involvement in PCa has not yet been investigated in a clinical setting. We assessed the prognostic value of CDK2AP1 expression in a cohort of men diagnosed with PCa (n = 275) treated non-surgically by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and studied the relationship between CDK2AP1 expression to various PCa molecular subtypes (ERG, PTEN, p53 and AR) and evaluated the association with clinical outcome. Further, we used bioinformatic tools to analyze the available TCGA PRAD transcriptomic data to explore the underlying mechanism. Our data confirmed increased expression of CDK2AP1 with higher Gleason Grade Group (GG) and metastatic PCa (p

Background Androgen receptor (AR) exerts important roles in exercise-induced alterations of muscle mass, in which the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells or myoblasts are crucial. Our previous study in C2C12 myoblasts demonstrated that 15% (mimic appropriate exercise) and 20% (mimic excessive exercise) stretches promoted and inhibited the proliferation respectively; and AR played a crucial role in 15% stretch-induced pro-proliferation through IGF-1-modulated PI3K/Akt, p38 and ERK1/2 pathways, but AR’s role in stretches-modulated proliferation of general myoblasts, especially 20% stretch, remains unclear, and the mechanisms need to be further clarified. Methods Firstly, the discrepancy in proliferation and the above indicators between L6 (without AR) and C2C12 (with AR) myoblasts were compared under 15% or 20% stretch. Then the influences of transfection AR or exogenous IGF-1 treatment on proliferation and these indicators were detected in stretched L6 myoblasts. Results (1) Under un-stretched state, the proliferation of L6 was slower than C2C12 cells. Furthermore, AR knockdown in C2C12 myoblasts repressed, while AR overexpression in L6 myoblasts promoted the proliferation. (2) 15% stretch-induced increases in the proliferation and activities of p38 and ERK1/2 were lower in L6 than C2C12 cells; AR overexpression enhanced the proliferation of 15% stretched L6 cells accompanied with the increases of p38 and ERK1/2 activities. (3) 20% stretch-induced anti-proliferation and inhibition of p38 activity were severer in L6 than C2C12 myoblasts; AR overexpression reversed the anti-proliferation of 20% stretch and enhanced p38 activity in L6 myoblasts. (4) In stretched L6 myoblasts, AR overexpression increased IGF-1R level despite no detectable IGF-1; and recombinant IGF-1 increased the proliferation, the level of IGF-1R, and the activities of p38 and ERK1/2 in 15% stretched L6 myoblasts. Conclusions The study demonstrated AR's crucial roles in stretches-regulated proliferation of myoblasts, and increased AR fulfilled 15% stretch's pro-proliferation via activating IGF-1R- p38 and ERK1/2 pathways while decreased AR achieved 20% stretch's anti-proliferation via inhibiting IGF-1R- p38 pathway, which is useful to understand in depth the role and mechanisms of AR in appropriate exercise increasing while excessive exercise decreasing muscle mass.

ObjectivesTo compare echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients obtained concomitantly in degenerated bioprosthetic surgical aortic valves (SAVRs).MethodsIn a multicenter study, we compared concomitant echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients of SAVR, obtained before valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement in all patients, patients with primary stenosis (AS), primary aortic regurgitation (AR), and mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD), and in small versus large valves (≤ or >23mm). Dimensionless index (DI) was calculated in all groups.ResultsIn total, 74 patients were included and data presented as median (interquartile range). Echocardiography-catheterization mean gradient discordance was observed in all patients (invasive=22mm Hg [11-34] vs echocardiographic =32mm Hg [21-42], P=.013), small valves (invasive=15mm Hg [8-34] vs echocardiographic=28mm Hg [21-41], P=.013), and large valves (invasive=20mm Hg [8.5-27.13] vs echocardiographic=32mm Hg [25.5 - 41.5], P&nbsp

During the last decades, the abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) has become popular among professional and recreational athletes. The abuse of AASs leads to decreased levels of sex hormones, but the available literature a gives very small pool of data regarding the effects of swimming alone or combined with AASs on testicle tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four-week administration of nandrolone decanoate and swimming training alone or in combination on morphometric parameters, androgen receptor (AR) and redox state in testicle tissue. The study included Wistar albino male rats, 10 weeks old, classified into 4 groups: control (T-N-), nandrolone (T-N+), swimming training (T+N-) and swimming training with nandrolone (T+N+). The rats from nandrolone (N+) groups received nandrolone decanoate 20 mg/kg b.w.once per week. The rats from training (T+) groups, swam 1 h/day 5 days/week. The isolated testicles were measured, left testicles were routinely processed for histological analysis, while right testicles were homogenized and prepared for the analysis of the following oxidative stress biomarkers: index of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), nitrites, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH).Diameter, as well as cross-section area of seminiferous tubules were decreased by 10 % and 21 % (respectively) in the T-N+ group and by 15% and 41 % (respectively) in the T+N+ group compared to control. Interstitium of the testicles was decreased in all experimental groups. Reduction of immunoreactivity of AR in T-N+ group was 22 %, in T+N+ group was 9 % compared to control. TBARS levels were increased in T+N- and T+N+ groups. Nitrites were decreased in T+N+ group. Catalase activity was increased in all experimental groups. Swimming alone or combined with nandrolone decreased the level of GSH compared to control. SOD activity was decreased in T-N+ and T+N+ groups compared to control.Nandrolone alone or combined with swimming decreased morphometric parameters and amount of AR in testicle tissue. Changes in the redox state indicate reproductive dysfunction.RéSUMé: CONTEXTE: Au cours des dernières décennies, l’abus de stéroïdes androgéniques anabolisants (SAA) est devenu populaire parmi les athlètes professionnels et récréatifs. L’abus des SAA conduit à une diminution des niveaux d’hormones sexuelles, mais la littérature sur les effets de la natation seule ou combinée avec des SAA sur les tissus testiculaires est encore très limité. Le but de cette étude était d’étudier les effets de l’administration de quatre semaines de décanoate de nandrolone et de l’entraînement à la natation seuls ou en combinaison sur les paramètres morphométriques, le récepteur aux androgènes (RA) et l’état redox dans le tissu testiculaire. L’étude a inclus des rats mâles Wistar albinos, âgés de 10 semaines, classés en 4 groupes: contrôle (T-N-), nandrolone (T-N+), entraînement à la natation (T+N-) et entraînement à la natation avec nandrolone (T+N+). Les rats des groupes nandrolone (N+) ont reçu du décanoate de nandrolone 20 mg/kg p.c. une fois par semaine. Les rats des groupes entraînement (T+) nageaient 1 h/jour 5 jours/semaine. Les testicules isolés ont été mesurés, les testicules gauches ont été systématiquement traités pour l’analyse histologique tandis que les testicules droits ont été homogénéisés et préparés pour l’analyse des biomarqueurs de stress oxydatif suivants: indice de peroxydation lipidique (TBARS), nitrites, catalase, superoxyde dismutase (SOD) et glutathion réduit (GSH). RéSULTATS: Le diamètre, ainsi que la section transversale des tubules séminifères ont été réduits de 10 % et 21 % (respectivement) dans le groupe T-N+ et de 15 % et 41 % (respectivement) dans le groupe T+N+ par rapport au groupe témoin. L’interstitium des testicules était diminué dans tous les groupes expérimentaux. La réduction de l’immunoréactivité de RA dans le groupe T-N+ était de 22 %, dans le groupe T+N+ était de 9 % par rapport au groupe témoin. Les niveaux de TBARS ont augmenté dans les groupes T+N- et T+N+. Les nitrites ont diminué dans le groupe T+N+. L’activité de la catalase a été augmentée dans tous les groupes expérimentaux. La natation seule ou combinée à la nandrolone a réduit le niveau de GSH par rapport au contrôle. L’activité de la SOD était diminuée dans les groupes T-N+ et T+N+ par rapport au contrôle. CONCLUSIONS: La nandrolone seule ou combinée à la natation a diminué les paramètres morphométriques et la quantité de RA dans le tissu testiculaire. Les changements de l’état redox indiquent un dysfonctionnement de la reproduction.

Prostate cancer (PCa) lists as the second most lethal cancer for men in western countries, and androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in its initiation and progression, which prompts the development of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as the standard treatment. Prostate tumor microenvironment, consisting of stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), has dynamic interactions with PCa epithelial cells and affects their growth and invasiveness. Studies have shown that both genomic and non-genomic AR signaling pathways are involved in the biological regulation of PCa epithelial cells. In addition, AR signaling in prostate stroma is also involved in PCa carcinogenesis and progression. Loss of AR in PCa stroma is clinically observed as PCa progresses to advanced stage. Especially, downregulation of AR in stromal fibroblasts dysregulates the expression levels of ECM proteins, thus creating a suitable environment for PCa cells to metastasize. Importantly, ADT treatment enhances this reciprocal interaction and predisposes stromal cells to promote cell invasion of PCa cells. During this process, AR in PCa epithelium actively responds to various stimuli derived from the surrounding stromal cells and undergoes enhanced degradation while elevating the expression of certain genes such as MMP9 responsible for cell invasion. AR reduction in epithelial cells also accelerates these cells to differentiate into cancer stem-like cells and neuroendocrine cells, which are AR-negative PCa cells and inherently resistant to ADT treatments. Overall, understanding of the cross talk between tumor microenvironment and PCa at the molecular level may assist the development of novel therapeutic strategies against this disease. This review will provide a snapshot of AR’s action when the interaction of stromal cells and PCa cells occurs.