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Currently, more than half of the adults worldwide have at least one chronic condition; however, poor medication adherence and self-management are observed. Tools, such as mHealth apps, may play a crucial role for millions of people in increasing the patients’ involvement in the treatment process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and quality of the existing mHealth apps for patients with various chronic conditions. The study was conducted from February 1 to March 31, 2022. The mHealth applications’ search was performed on the iOS platform, and 29 apps were included in the final analysis. The quality of apps was evaluated using Mobile App Rating Scale. The majority of the apps had symptom and medication tracking functionality. The mean score of apps’ overall quality was 3.45 (SD = 0.61) out of five, ranging from 2.04 to 4.50. The highest-rated category was the functionality of the app—3.75 (0.61); followed by aesthetics—3.67 (0.62); subjective quality—3.47 (0.88); engagement—3.33 (0.78); and information—3.04 (0.61). The study revealed that only a few high-quality apps for chronic condition management exist, and there is still some space for improvements.

Evaluating ridesharing potential is a trend in current research efforts because ridesharing provides additional mobility alternatives without extra putting vehicles on the road. Nevertheless, in most studied scenarios, the demand revealed by surveys and demographic information does not include multi-day characteristics of a trip such as frequencies on weekdays. Yet this is important for estimating the supply of rides, as the recurrence or regularity of a trip may affect the likelihood of a driver making the effort of registering the trip as being available for sharing. Likewise, if automated apps are used to recognize patterns in one’s trips and pro-actively offer them for sharing, the successful anticipation of such apps may again depend on the regularity of the trip. However, since multi-day data are complex to produce, in this paper, a data fusion procedure is proposed to generate an enriched synthetic demand for more realistic assessments. This can be achieved by combining standard single-day data sets with travel behavior patterns, which can be extracted from lifelogging data collected by most existing mobile apps. The resulting data sets after transferring information from the travel patterns to a recipient data set via statistical matching, will constrain matching trips by multi-day characteristics allowing complex scenarios. This approach enhances the evaluation of ridesharing and other shared-mobility systems and thus their ability to plan better strategies. ispartof: Transportation Research Record ispartof: location:OnlineFirst status: Published online

This research explores the impact that gender and age have on motivations, experiences, and perceptions regarding the use of Tinder. Based on an inductive analysis of 37 semi-structured interviews with heterosexual Tinder users, we specifically examine gender and age differences in motivations, match selection, and communication management on this mobile dating app. The findings show that age differences have a more significant effect on motivations than gender differences do, whereby older adults use the app to find a stable partner, and young adults use it for sex. Women are more selective when picking matches than men, and when they make these selections, they pay special attention to male attributes that are typically associated with maintaining stable relationships. In contrast, men tend to focus almost exclusively on physical appearance. Between the match and the first date, users need to deal with a considerable volume of communication, which involves the use of different communication media in a series of consecutive stages, toward which matches normatively orient themselves. This transition to new media and stages, in which men tend to take the initiative and women assume the sanctioning role, marks a kind of incremental passage to intimacy. We conclude that, in their courting conduct, Tinder users perform conventional gender scripts that are typical of the heteronormative model of intimate relationships. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under Grant PGC2018-101682-B-I00; and Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya under Grant 2017SGR53.

Background Mobile applications can facilitate or improve gastrointestinal surgical care by benefiting patients, healthcare providers, or both. The extent to which applications are currently in use in gastrointestinal surgical care is largely unknown, as reported in literature. This systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of the available gastrointestinal surgical applications and evaluate their prospects for surgical care provision. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for articles up to October 6th 2022. Articles were considered eligible if they assessed or described mobile applications used in a gastrointestinal surgery setting for healthcare purposes. Two authors independently evaluated selected studies and extracted data for analysis. Descriptive data analysis was conducted. The revised Cochrane risk of bias (RoB-2) tool and ROBINS-I assessment tool were used to determine the methodological quality of studies. Results Thirty-eight articles describing twenty-nine applications were included. The applications were classified into seven categories: monitoring, weight loss, postoperative recovery, education, communication, prognosis, and clinical decision-making. Most applications were reported for colorectal surgery, half of which focused on monitoring. Overall, a low-quality evidence was found. Most applications have only been evaluated on their usability or feasibility but not on the proposed clinical benefits. Studies with high quality evidence were identified in the areas of colorectal (2), hepatopancreatobiliary (1) and bariatric surgery (1), reporting significantly positive outcomes in terms of postoperative recovery, complications and weight loss. Conclusions The interest for applications and their use in gastrointestinal surgery is increasing. From our study, it appears that most studies using applications fail to report adequate clinical evaluation, and do not provide evidence on the effectiveness or safety of applications. Clinical evaluation of objective outcomes is much needed to evaluate the efficacy, quality and safety of applications being used as a medical device across user groups and settings.

Despite the great potential, there has been a lack of progress in the development of sharable and scalable tools for digital mental health due to difficulty in reproducibility and clinical application. The LAMP Platform was developed to address this gap by creating a single platform that works for a variety of clinical and research use cases. The study aims to understand how a consortium of clinical and research sites can help onboard, execute, and expand digital health research, software, and use cases. The Division of Digital Psychiatry implemented a formal consortium with goal of expanding the reach of mindLAMP as a digital mental health platform, enabling diverse studies and expanded use cases, and supportint growth of mindLAMP and consortium members’ research. The LAMP Consortium has brought together 54 sites from across the world, encouraging collaboration and idea sharing. These sites’ locations range from the USA to the Czech Republic to Australia, and apply the many features of LAMP to research, clinical, research and clinical, and industry use. The most popular features were surveys, sharing/viewing data, and GPS passive data collection. A user support network is necessary to encourage research and clinical use of the LAMP Platform. Resources like documentation, an online forum, and newsletters are essential to promote cooperation between many types of sites that is essential to advancing the field of digital mental health.

Media communication processes have triggered profound transformations in the way everyday activities are carried out. To these transformations, the concept of mediatization has been accepted as a broad phenomenon worthy of the already consolidated notion of globalization. Mediatization can be conceived as a possible synthesis between the transformations of communicative and social processes. In this paper we present considerations about how financialization activities focus on media processes from global North and Brazilian theoretical approaches. The empirical case of the adoption of a payment application and the prior instruction requirements determined to users of digital platforms are taken. It is proposed as a model of financialization procedures and confirms support of the ongoing media process. The brief analysis points to the requirements of prior instruction required in terms of reconfiguration of mental models brought in such innovation. ResumoOs processos comunicacionais midiáticos deflagraram profundas transformações na maneira como as atividades cotidianas são realizadas. A tais transformações a denominação de midiatização vem sendo acolhida como um amplo fenômeno digno da já consolidada noção de globalização. A midiatização pode ser concebida como uma síntese possível entre as transformações dos processos comunicativos e dos processos sociais. Neste artigo, apresentamos considerações sobre como as atividades de financeirização incidem em processos de midiatização a partir da abordagem teórica do Norte global e brasileira no tema. Toma-se o caso empírico de adoção de um aplicativo de pagamento e os requerimentos de instrução prévia determinados aos usuários de plataformas digitais. Ele é proposto como modelo de procedimentos de financeirização e confirma a sustentação do processo de midiatização em curso. A breve análise aponta para os requerimentos de instrução prévia exigidos em termos de reconfiguração de modelos mentais interpostos em tal inovação. Palavras-chave: Midiatização; Financeirização; Modelos mentais; Comunicação; Aplicativos

Mathematische Spaziergänge sind eine gute Möglichkeit, Lernenden auf motivierende, interessante und spannende Art und Weise die Mathematik in ihrem Alltag näherzubringen: „A mathematics trail is a walk to discover mathematics. A math trail can be almost anywhere – a neighborhood, a business district or shopping mall, a park, a zoo, a library, even a government building. The math trail map or guide points to places where walkers formulate, discuss, and solve interesting mathematical problems.“ (Shoaf et al. 2004, S. 6). Die Lernenden lösen dabei in Kleingruppen mathematische Aufgaben in ihrer Umwelt. Hierbei kann es sich entweder um einen mathematischen Spaziergang zu einem bestimmten Inhaltsbereich (z. B. Geometrie) handeln oder aber um das Entdecken verschiedener mathematischer Phänomene an einem Ort. Ein solcher Spaziergang kann entweder klassisch mit Papier und Stift oder mit einer App durchgeführt werden. Bei beiden Varianten können, im Sinne der Differenzierung, Hinweise und gestufte Hilfen implementiert werden. Um bei den Schüler*innen das entdeckende Lernen mit viel Eigenaktivität zu unterstützen, bietet sich das Mitgeben von Werkzeugen und Hilfsmitteln wie Schnüren, Einheitsquadraten, Maßbändern etc. an. An der Universität Bielefeld erstellten Mathematik-Lehramtsstudierende mathematische Spaziergänge für die Klassen 1 - 10. Zentrale Grundlagen dafür, wie z. B. Modellieren und Differenzieren im Mathematikunterricht, wurden zuvor gemeinsam im Seminar erarbeitet. Die Vielfalt der von den Studierenden für ihre mathematischen Spaziergänge ausgewählten Orte in Bielefeld war groß und reichte von der Universität über das Fußballstadion bis hin zur Sparrenburg. Durch die pandemiebedingten Einschränkungen war eine Erprobung der einzelnen Spaziergänge leider nicht immer vor Ort möglich. Eine Befragung unter 27 Studierenden, die das Seminar besuchten, ergab, dass ca. 96 % der Befragten mathematische Spaziergänge später in ihren eigenen Unterricht einbeziehen möchten. Dabei würden 71 % der Studierenden für die Sek. I und 35 % der Studierenden für die Primarstufe eine App zur Umsetzung nutzen. Die Vorteile, die beim Einsatz von mathematischen Spaziergängen gesehen wurden, waren v. a. der Alltagsbezug und die Motivation, die damit einhergehen. Als Schwierigkeit wurde v. a. der hohe Aufwand in Bezug auf Organisation, Planung und Umsetzung von den Studierenden angesehen.

This study will systematically evaluate the top-rated commercial mental health smartphone applications for young people.

Background South Asians, inclusive of individuals originating in India, Pakistan, Maldives, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Nepal, comprise the largest diaspora in the world, with large South Asian communities residing in the Caribbean, Africa, Europe, and elsewhere. There is evidence that South Asian communities have disproportionately experienced COVID-19 infections and mortality. WhatsApp, a free messaging app, is widely used in transnational communication within the South Asian diaspora. Limited studies exist on COVID-19–related misinformation specific to the South Asian community on WhatsApp. Understanding communication on WhatsApp may improve public health messaging to address COVID-19 disparities among South Asian communities worldwide. Objective We developed the COVID-19–Associated misinfoRmation On Messaging apps (CAROM) study to identify messages containing misinformation about COVID-19 shared via WhatsApp. Methods We collected messages forwarded globally through WhatsApp from self-identified South Asian community members between March 23 and June 3, 2021. We excluded messages that were in languages other than English, did not contain misinformation, or were not relevant to COVID-19. We deidentified each message and coded them for one or more content categories, media types (eg, video, image, text, web link, or a combination of these elements), and tone (eg, fearful, well intentioned, or pleading). We then performed a qualitative content analysis to arrive at key themes of COVID-19 misinformation. Results We received 108 messages; 55 messages met the inclusion criteria for the final analytic sample; 32 (58%) contained text, 15 (27%) contained images, and 13 (24%) contained video. Content analysis revealed the following themes: “community transmission” relating to misinformation on how COVID-19 spreads in the community; “prevention” and “treatment,” including Ayurvedic and traditional remedies for how to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection; and messaging attempting to sell “products or services” to prevent or cure COVID-19. Messages varied in audience from the general public to South Asians specifically; the latter included messages alluding to South Asian pride and solidarity. Scientific jargon and references to major organizations and leaders in health care were included to provide credibility. Messages with a pleading tone encouraged users to forward them to friends or family. Conclusions Misinformation in the South Asian community on WhatsApp spreads erroneous ideas regarding disease transmission, prevention, and treatment. Content evoking solidarity, “trustworthy” sources, and encouragement to forward messages may increase the spread of misinformation. Public health outlets and social media companies must actively combat misinformation to address health disparities among the South Asian diaspora during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future public health emergencies.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of mobile health app randomized controlled trials (RCT) interventions on diabetes self-management with older adults.

BackgroundPerinatal morbidity and mortality are significant public health issues with an enduring impact on the health and well-being of women and their families. Millions of pregnant women now download and use mobile applications to access, store, and share health information. However, little is known about the consequences. An investigation of their impact on perinatal health outcomes is particularly topical. ObjectiveTo determine the effects of mobile app interventions during pregnancy on influencing healthy maternal behavior and improving perinatal health outcomes. MethodsSearches of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, WHO Global Health Library, POPLINE, and CABI Global Health were conducted with no date or language restrictions. Randomized and non-randomized studies were included if they reported perinatal health outcomes of interventions targeting pregnant women, using mobile apps compared with other communication modalities or with standard care. The primary outcome measure was the change in maternal behaviors (as defined by trial authors), by intervention goals. Two reviewers independently extracted data using standardized forms. ResultsFour randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 456 participants were included. All studies targeted participants in early pregnancy; however, wide variation was evident in participant characteristics, intervention, and study outcomes measures. Three trials were based in hospital settings, comparing women using mobile apps with routine antenatal care. One community-based trial gave all participants a device to promote physical activity; the intervention arm was also given a mobile app. All studies reported data for the primary outcome measure, describing some benefit from the intervention compared with controls. However, few statistically significant primary or secondary outcomes were reported. Due to insufficient data, the planned meta-analysis and subgroup analyses were not performed. ConclusionsDue to limited numbers, heterogeneity of interventions, comparators, and outcome measures, no firm conclusions can be drawn on the effects of mobile application interventions during pregnancy on maternal knowledge, behavior change, and perinatal health outcomes. As millions of women utilize mobile apps during pregnancy, rigorous studies are essential for health care and maternity care providers to optimally design, implement, and evaluate interventions.

The main goal of this article is to identify the use of gamified mobile applications and their impact on work productivity. We employ a systematic review of the literature to discover to what extent gamified mobile applications improve worker productivity within a company. The intent is to contribute to more profound understanding of learning contexts, methodologies, techniques and objectives with the application of mobile gamification. The literature emphasizes that mobile gamification can be used to enhance the learning process, improve performance and achieve worker objectives, especially in production and IT areas. To do this, an analysis is presented of the areas that use mobile gamification, the techniques used and the effects that are achieved with its application in companies. It seeks to close the knowledge gap by quantifying the gamification characteristics found in applications. Due to the paucity of studies on mobile gamification at work productivity, this work also points the way to new research.

In recent years, mobile applications (apps) have been increasingly used and investigated as a vocabulary learning approach. Despite the extensive use of commercial English as a Foreign Language (EFL) vocabulary learning apps in China, there is a lack of a review of these apps for a systematic understanding of the components and usefulness of app-assisted vocabulary learning. To fill this knowledge gap, this study presents a systematic review of 15 EFL vocabulary learning apps that were most downloaded in China, focusing on how these apps help students develop word knowledge. The results of this study showed that most apps enabled students to access word knowledge through translating words into their native language. Notably, word knowledge was usually presented through text-plus-image and text-plus-image-plus-audio. Most of these mobile apps provided sentence examples as vocabulary learning materials. Many of these apps were integrated with game elements, especially in interactivity or feedback systems and reward systems. Based on the review results, we have provided three recommendations to vocabulary learning app developers concerning the use of video for the input of word knowledge, the efficiency of vocabulary learning, and the integration of more game elements. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2021.13.014

Objectif Proposer quelques repères pour faciliter le processus de création d’applications pour téléphones intelligents (apps) en santé mentale.Méthode Présentation brève de l’intérêt potentiel des apps et proposition argumentée d’étapes clés pour la création des apps. L’article se base sur une revue narrative, un retour d’expérience et des discussions de groupes d’experts.Résultats Les apps ont des caractéristiques ubiquitaires particulièrement intéressantes pour le domaine de la santé mentale. Potentiellement connectées à de multiples technologies, mobiles et disponibles en tout temps, elles permettent une grande flexibilité de conception. Afin d’augmenter les chances d’efficacité et de bonne dissémination d’une app donnée, certains principes pourraient guider de manière utile le travail de conception des apps : 9 repères sont proposés, en particulier une bonne intégration des utilisateurs finaux autour d’objectifs cibles bien définis durant tout le processus de création de tels outils.Conclusion Les repères proposés pourraient faciliter le processus de création d’apps pour la santé mentale., Objective To propose some key steps to facilitate the process of creating mental health smartphone applications (apps).Methods Brief presentation of the potential interest of apps and proposition of key steps for the creation of apps. The paper is based on a narrative review, a testimonial experience and some expert works.Results Apps have ubiquitous features that are particularly appealing for the mental health field. Potentially connected to multiple technologies, mobile and available at all times, they allow great design flexibility. In order to increase the chances of effectiveness and good dissemination of a given app, 9 principles could usefully guide the design of apps, in particular a good integration of end users around well-defined target objectives during the entire process of creating such tools.Conclusion The proposed key steps could facilitate the process of creating mental health apps.

The purpose of this Delphi consensus building exercise is to articulate guiding principles as the first step to embed real-world data (RWD) and real-world-evidence (RWE) in a systematic way into decision-making. The intended outcome of this exercise is that these guiding principles could inform a digital capability policy framework and support best practices in policy, regulation and harmonisation in the use of RWD and RWE to make health services targeted, efficient and responsive.

In the last decade, interactive touchscreen devices have become ubiquitous in young children, and toddlers first experience touchscreen technology before two. Although parents have a vital role in developing the home environment as a stimulus for development, they also have conflicting views on the appropriateness of using apps to deliver educational content for assorted reasons. The purpose of the study was to reveal various aspects of children's smart mobile use at home, such as the frequency of mobile device usage, preferred app types, and parent beliefs and strategies. Three hundred twenty-five parents of kindergarten children took part in this study. The present study revealed that parents seek to support their children's learning at home via mobile devices. Furthermore, parents lack knowledge about app developmentally appropriateness and need further guidance. We expect the findings to serve as a reference for researchers to better information for parents and create apps with real educational value for children.

Background The number of e-health interventions developed for breast cancer survivors continues to increase. However, issues with engagement and retention are common. This study aimed to explore e-health literacy rates and access to smartphones and tablets in a large sample of breast cancer survivors. Methods In study 1, women were recruited from outpatient breast clinics across England and Wales. Eligible women were asked to complete a questionnaire pack to assess their access to devices and their e-health literacy. Multiple regression analyses were run to assess the relationship between technology access and e-health literacy with sociodemographic variables such as age, social deprivation, and education. Study 2 presents a smaller sample recruited through social media who answered a questionnaire relating to use of mobile devices and e-health, and apps. Results Two thousand nine women participated in the study. Seventy-one percent had access to a smartphone, 54% had access to a tablet, and 20% did not have access to either device. Multiple logistic regressions showed that women who were younger, had higher levels of education, and who were from less deprived areas were more likely to have access to either device. Poorer e-health literacy was associated with being older, having less education, and not having access to a mobile device. Conclusions Whilst the results show relatively widespread access to mobile devices, there is evidence of a digital divide across some groups. Online interventions should be developed with consideration of individuals who are less e-health-literate and less technologically adept in order to increase the likelihood of engagement.

Background This research reports on a pilot study that examined the usability of a reminiscence app called ‘InspireD’ using eye tracking technology. The InspireD app is a bespoke digital intervention aimed at supporting personalized reminiscence for people living with dementia and their carers. The app was developed and refined in two co‐creation workshops and subsequently tested in a third workshop using eye tracking technology. Intervention Eye tracking was used to gain insight into the user's cognition since our previous work showed that the think‐aloud protocol can add to cognitive burden for people living with dementia while also making the test more unnatural. Results Results showed that there were no barriers to using a wearable eye tracker in this setting and participants were able to use the reminiscence app freely. However, some tasks required prompts from the observer when difficulties arose. While prompts are not normally used in usability testing (as some argue the prompting defeats the purpose of testing), we used ‘prompt frequency’ as a proxy for measuring the intuitiveness of the task. There was a correlation between task completion rates and prompt frequency. Results also showed that people living with dementia had fewer gaze fixations when compared to their carers. Carers had greater fixation and saccadic frequencies when compared to people living with dementia. This perhaps indicates that people living with dementia take more time to scan and consume information on an app. A number of identified usability issues are also discussed in the paper. Patient or Public Contribution The study presents findings from three workshops which looked at user needs analysis, feedback and an eye tracking usability test combined involving 14 participants, 9 of whom were people living with dementia and the remaining 5 were carers.

Mental health screening and diagnostic applications (apps) are becoming increasingly popular. Despite there being promise in their acceptability by users, many mental health apps on the market still suffer from high dropout due to a multitude of issues. Understanding user opinions towards currently available mental health apps beyond star ratings alone can provide a wealth of knowledge which has potential to inform the development of future mental health screening or diagnostic assessment apps. A scoping review of the iOS and Google Play app stores was performed to identify apps which met our inclusion criteria. The most helpful reviews from the last year were shortlisted for sentiment and thematic analysis. The first objective of this study is to perform sentiment analysis of user reviews to understand the overall experience of mental health screening or diagnostic app users. The second aim of the study is to identify features which app users perceived to be benefits or barriers to app use. Following analysis, recommendations will be made for improving mental health screening or diagnostic apps based off user review insights.

The primary aim of this review is to identify a shortlist of smartphone applications suitable for prescribing task-specific mobility exercises in an adult neurological population. Identification of suitable apps can then enable testing for their acceptability and safety, and evaluation of their effectiveness in improving mobility in people with neurological conditions.

Scoping review protocol

This is a pre-registration of a systematic review protocol. The review will synthesise empirical studies which have examined joint media engagement (JME) between adults and children aged 2-7 years. Specifically, it aims to examine the features of apps, digital games or e-books which influence JME, with a focus on the adult-child interactions which support child learning across all domains, but with a particular focus on oral language. The full protocol is detailed in the attached document.

This is a protocol that will be followed to conduct a systematic review of mobile phone technology (MPT) among farmers.

This protocol outlines the methods for assessing hype in the marketing of the mindfulness apps Calm and Smiling Mind. It describes the protocols for a scoping review to synthesis scientific evidence, and for a media content analysis to determine public messaging of their health benefits.

As part of a larger multisite project, participants in a previous study completed self-report questionnaires assessing psychological flexibility and inflexibility, willingness to use mental health apps, indifference to stigma, and psychological distress. Secondary data analyses will explore what factors may influence the willingness to use mental health apps in those with stigma concerns using both complementary and competing models to better determine variable relationships. This may lead to new avenues of research or inform strategies to increase the likelihood that those in distress will seek helpful technologies.

Smartphone apps have great potential for widespread implementation of health care interventions by decreasing healthcare costs and improving access to health management guidance and monitoring (Stec, Arbour, & Hines, 2019). However, content accuracy and provision of evidence-based recommendations are not well regulated (Cortez, Cohen, & Kesselheim, 2014). The rapid rate of progress in app development, limited processes for quality control, and lack of high-quality homogenous research precludes determination of the overall app quality and subsequent potential to improve health outcomes. We currently do not know what apps are commercially available for the self-management of LBP, what they include, or how and why they are used by people with LBP. Hence, the overall aim of this program of research is to evaluate the evidence for the use of smartphone apps for the self-management of LBP, to evaluate the quality of commercially available smartphone apps for LBP and to explore the current use and perceptions of these apps by health professionals and consumers. Cortez, N. G., Cohen, I. G., & Kesselheim, A. S. (2014). FDA regulation of mobile health technologies. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(4), 372-379. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMhle1403384 Stec, M. A., Arbour, M. W., & Hines, H. F. (2019). Client‐Centered Mobile Health Care Applications: Using the Mobile Application Rating Scale Instrument for Evidence‐Based Evaluation. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 64(3), 324-329. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12941

This dataset is used for the LSCI 391 Data Curation class at MSU. This dataset includes analytics on more than 7,000 apps in the Apple App Store.

With the advent of the Android and iOS operating systems, mobile phones have become almost full-fledged portable computers. In particular, they allow you to take photos, communicate via social networks and e-mail, use Internet banking and much more. A large amount of information that is contained on smartphones also attracts intruders (spy apps for android). In particular, hackers have different goals - from stealing money to stealing money interception of data with their further sale. Over the past few years, there have been many cases confirming that even mobile devices of reliable manufacturers can be infected with a malicious application. Since there are many more Android users, consider the threats aimed specifically at this operating system. What are the ways to hack a smartphone One of the most common methods of infecting a victim's device is to use phishing and malicious emails that contain dangerous links or attachments. After clicking on them, malicious software is downloaded to the victim's device, which allows hackers to perform various malicious actions. Among other schemes of cybercriminals is the use of fraudulent sites disguised as the resources of popular brands or organizations. Such sites contain many malicious links, clicking on which also leads to the download of a dangerous application. In addition, cybercriminals often distribute fake applications, disguising them as legitimate ones. Thus, under the guise of a supposedly safe tool, for example, to track physical activity, ransomware or spyware applications can get on the victim's device. Such threats tend to spread through informal stores. How to check if your phone is infected The most common signs of a smartphone hack are a quick discharge of the battery, an increase in the use of Internet traffic, self-activation or disabling of GPS, Wi-Fi or mobile data functions. In addition, random pop-up windows with ads or the installation of unknown programs without your permission may indicate that your device is infected with malicious software. You should also pay attention to strange behavior of programs, for example, a sudden start, closure or complete failure, as well as the display of unexpected errors. This applies not only to applications, but also to the smartphone system. In addition, the concern should be the receipt of strange calls or messages by you, or sending to your contacts, as well as the presence of unknown entries in the call history and text messages. Typically, this is caused by malware that tries to make calls or send messages to paid international numbers. What to do in case of hacking a smartphone If you suspect infection of the device, you should find the cause and remove the malicious application from the phone. In particular, when unwanted and annoying pop-ups appear, you can find a program that runs them. To do this, go to the menu of recently opened programs and press the icon of the last one, holding it until information about the application appears. Then, check the permissions granted and uninstall the program. While Android 9 and the lower versions allow malware to hide their icons, this is not possible in Android 10. Previously, this feature allowed malicious applications to impersonate other programs or hide their presence using an empty untitled icon. There are two common ways to remove most types of Internet threats from an infected device – automatically and manually. In the first case, it is enough to download a reliable security solution that will check the device for threats and remove them. Manual cleaning is also possible, but the process is much more complicated. Removing a malicious application is not easy, as it often has prevention mechanisms that prevent users from doing so. Specifically, you can run Safe Mode for your device and uninstall a program that performs malicious activities. Source: https://hackarizona.org/

Among the new research possibilities offered by smartphones, collecting geolocation data (e.g., GPS coordinates) holds a prominent position, allowing the investigation of individuals’ mobility with greater precision and less effort than conventional data collection methods. However, geolocation data are still affected by errors (e.g., inaccurate recorded locations) and limitations (e.g., inability to record the purpose of a trip). Sending a survey right in the moment an event of interest is detected using geolocation data can add the missing information, while reducing memory errors that typically affect conventional surveys (sent some days/weeks after). However, the possibilities offered by both geolocation data and in-the-moment surveys triggered by geolocation data are limited by individuals’ willingness to participate. This paper assesses such willingness using a conjoint experiment carried out on a sample of 1,016 members of an opt-in online panel in Spain. The effects on such willingness to accept the conditions offered to participants and their personal characteristics are also studied. The results show that asking panelists to participate in in-the-moment surveys does not negatively affect willingness compared to only sharing geolocation data. However, the conditions offered to panelists for their participation (mainly project duration and incentives) have a strong influence on their willingness. Furthermore, panelists less concerned with privacy and safety, and more experienced in sharing social media content, installing apps and using Google Maps, are more willing to participate. Finally, answers to open questions reveal that the main reason for participating is getting the incentive, while not participating is primarily related to privacy issues. This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 849165). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

The various forms of low back pain occur very frequently in the population. Eighty-five percent of the German population experiences it at least once in a lifetime [1]. This leads to high socio-economic importance. The costs caused by non-specific low back pain amounted to 3.6 billion euros in 2008. Chronic low back pain and the resulting loss of work performance play a decisive role in this [2]. The average costs per patient and year in Germany are 1322€ [3]. Furthermore, affected patients have high levels of suffering, and are afraid to lose participation in meaningful activities [4]. The German guideline for the management of nonspecific low back pain recommends treatment approaches which involve the promotion of activity to patients [5]. There is evidence available showing the efficacy of treatments based on mobile applications [6]–[9]. Nonetheless, the range of available apps in the stores is hardly regulated and therefore the quality may vary a lot [10]. Systematic reviews on the availability of mobile applications for the treatment of low back pain have been made [11]–[13]. However, not for Germany or the German speaking area. The aim of this assessment is therefore to create an overview of the availability and quality of such applications. This should help clinicians to advise their patients with nonspecific low back pain. [1] C. O. Schmidt u. a., „Back Pain in the German Adult Population: Prevalence, Severity, and Sociodemographic Correlates in a Multiregional Survey“, Spine, Bd. 32, Nr. 18, S. 2005–2011, Aug. 2007, doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318133fad8. [2] H. Raspe, „Themenheft 53 ‚Rückenschmerzen‘“, Gesundheitsberichterstattung-Hefte, Nr. 53. Robert Koch-Institut, S. 36, 2012. [3] C. M. Wenig, C. O. Schmidt, T. Kohlmann, und B. Schweikert, „Costs of back pain in Germany“, Eur. J. Pain, Bd. 13, Nr. 3, S. 280–286, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.04.005. [4] R. Froud u. a., „A systematic review and meta-synthesis of the impact of low back pain on people’s lives“, BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., Bd. 15, Nr. 1, S. 50, Feb. 2014, doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-50. [5] Arzneimittelkommission Der Deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ) u. a., Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Nicht-spezifischer Kreuzschmerz – Langfassung, 2. Auflage. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), 2017. doi: 10.6101/AZQ/000353. [6] S. Huber, J. A. Priebe, K.-M. Baumann, A. Plidschun, C. Schiessl, und T. R. Tölle, „Treatment of Low Back Pain with a Digital Multidisciplinary Pain Treatment App: Short-Term Results“, JMIR Rehabil. Assist. Technol., Bd. 4, Nr. 2, S. e11, Dez. 2017, doi: 10.2196/rehab.9032. [7] T. R. Toelle, D. A. Utpadel-Fischler, K.-K. Haas, und J. A. Priebe, „App-based multidisciplinary back pain treatment versus combined physiotherapy plus online education: a randomized controlled trial“, NPJ Digit. Med., Bd. 2, S. 34, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41746-019-0109-x. [8] J. A. Priebe u. a., „Digital Treatment of Back Pain versus Standard of Care: The Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial, Rise-uP“, J. Pain Res., Bd. 13, S. 1823–1838, 2020, doi: 10.2147/JPR.S260761. [9] R. N. Moman u. a., „A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Unguided Electronic and Mobile Health Technologies for Chronic Pain-Is It Time to Start Prescribing Electronic Health Applications?“, Pain Med. Malden Mass, Bd. 20, Nr. 11, S. 2238–2255, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz164. [10] Ärztliches Zentrum Für Qualität In Der Medizin (ÄZQ), Gesundheits-Apps im klinischen Alltag: Handreichung für Ärztinnen und Ärzte. 1. Auflage, Version 1. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), 2020. doi: 10.6101/AZQ/000474. [11] G. C. Machado u. a., „Smartphone apps for the self-management of low back pain: A systematic review.“, Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol., Bd. 30, Nr. 6, S. 1098–1109, Dez. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.04.002. [12] C. Didyk, L. K. Lewis, und B. Lange, „Availability, content and quality of commercially available smartphone applications for the self-management of low back pain: a systematic assessment“, Disabil. Rehabil., S. 1–10, Okt. 2021, doi: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1979664. [13] A. Escriche-Escuder u. a., „Assessment of the Quality of Mobile Applications (Apps) for Management of Low Back Pain Using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS)“, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, Bd. 17, Nr. 24, S. E9209, Dez. 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249209.

International audience; This study applied an adoption model, inspired by the technology acceptance model (TAM) and multipurpose information appliances adoption model (MIAAM), to compare key variables explaining adoption patterns of a mobile coaching app that guides and encourages students via a technologybased platform. This article constitutes a pioneer effort to compare adoption behaviors across a developed country and an emerging country (France and Mexico) with differences in level of use of mobile apps. A multi-group structural equation modelling approach was used to test the causal structure of the conceptual model. Results confirmed significant differences and similarities across samples and identified critical factors. Perceived usefulness was found to be the most important driver with mediating effects. Organizations implementing coaching services with an improved perceived usefulness could boost their adoption rates.

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common developmental disorders. Technological development has enabled a transformation of the healthcare sector, which can offer more individualised, participatory, and preventive services. Within this context of new technology applied to the healthcare sector, mobile applications, or apps, constitute a very promising tool for the management of children with CP. Objective: The purpose of this article is to perform a systematic review of the information published about various mobile applications either directly related to CP or with potential to be useful in the context of the disease, and to describe, analyse, and classify these applications. Material and methods: A literature search was carried out to gather articles published in English or Spanish between 2011 and 2017 which presented, analysed, or validated applications either specifically designed or potentially useful for CP. Furthermore, a search for mobile applications was conducted in the main mobile application markets. Conclusions: A total of 63 applications were found in biomedical databases and mobile application markets, of which 40 were potentially useful for CP and 23 were specifically designed for the condition (11 for information, 3 for evaluation, and 9 for treatment). There are numerous mobile applications either specifically designed for or with potential to be useful in the field of CP. However, despite the existing scientific evidence, the low methodological quality of scientific articles makes it impossible to generalise the use of these tools. Resumen: Introducción: La parálisis cerebral infantil (PCI) es una de las discapacidades más comunes del desarrollo. Gracias a la tecnología, el sector sanitario tiene la posibilidad de transformarse para ofrecer servicios más individualizados, participativos y preventivos. Dentro de este contexto de nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al sector sanitario, el fenómeno de las aplicaciones móviles o app resulta muy prometedor en la PCI. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión sistemática acerca de la información publicada sobre las diferentes aplicaciones móviles creadas, relacionadas directamente con la PCI o con utilidad potencial en ella, con el fin de describirlas, analizarlas y clasificarlas para su mejor conocimiento. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica que incluyó artículos publicados en inglés o castellano, del año 2011 al 2017, y que presentasen, analizasen o validasen un sistema basado en una app con utilidad o diseño específico para la PCI. A su vez, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de aplicaciones móviles en los principales mercados de aplicaciones móviles. Conclusiones: Se encontraron 63 aplicaciones en bases de datos biomédicas y en mercados específicos de app, de las cuales 40 presentaban potencial utilidad en la PCI y 23 estaban diseñadas específicamente para la PCI: 11 de estas eran de carácter informativo, 3 de valoración y 9 de tratamiento. Existe un gran número de aplicaciones móviles con potencial utilidad, así como con diseño específico en el campo de la PCI. Sin embargo, pese a la cierta evidencia científica existente, la baja calidad metodológica de los artículos científicos hace que no se pueda generalizar su uso.

Myriad digital tools exist to support mental health but there are multiple barriers to using these tools in routine care. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of an intervention incorporating a support role to help the clinical team identify and use technology to promote recovery. The technology specialist intervention is 3 months in duration and comprises four stages: goal setting, researching and evaluating tools, demonstrating and selecting tools, and ongoing support. We implemented the intervention in a community mental health center and a dual diagnosis treatment program, working with eight clients and their case managers. Clients and case managers willingly engaged with the technology specialist and found the intervention beneficial. Integration and collaboration with the care team facilitated implementation of the technology specialist in these real-world settings. Clients reported that the intervention made it easy to try a digital tool. Six of the eight participants stated that they made substantial progress toward their goals. The technology specialist is a promising new role for mental health care delivery to augment traditional services and enhance individualized recovery.

A large number of mobile health applications claiming to target insomnia are available in commercial app stores. However, limited information on the quality of these mobile health applications exists. The present study aimed to systematically search the European Google Play and Apple App Store for mobile health applications targeting insomnia, and evaluate the quality, content, evidence base and potential therapeutic benefit. Eligible mobile health applications were evaluated by two independent reviewers using the Mobile Application Rating Scale-German, which ranges from 1 – inadequate to 5 – excellent. Of 2236 identified mobile health applications, 53 were included in this study. Most mobile health applications (68%) had a moderate overall quality. Concerning the four main subscales of the Mobile Application Rating Scale-German, functionality was rated highest (M = 4.01, SD = 0.52), followed by information quality (M = 3.49, SD = 0.72), aesthetics (M = 3.31, SD = 1.04) and engagement (M = 3.02, SD = 1.03). While scientific evidence was identified for 10 mobile health applications (19%), only one study employed a randomized controlled design. Fifty mobile health applications featured sleep hygiene/psychoeducation (94%), 27 cognitive therapy (51%), 26 relaxation methods (49%), 24 stimulus control (45%), 16 sleep restriction (30%) and 24 sleep diaries (45%). Mobile health applications may have the potential to improve the care of insomnia. Yet, data on the effectiveness of mobile health applications are scarce, and this study indicates a large variance in the quality of the mobile health applications. Thus, independent information platforms are needed to provide healthcare seekers and providers with reliable information on the quality and content of mobile health applications., publishedVersion

EhcoBUTLER is a tablet platform mainly aimed at the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to promote their well-being and health. The main objective of this study was to explore the perceptions and feedback level of the ehcoBUTLER potential users and stakeholders to improve its development. Through this exploration, the secondary objective was to contribute to the development of software/apps that promote their integral health. Focus groups were conducted (13 elderly with MCI, 13 with dementia, 12 caregivers, 11 professionals). The content and feedback level were analyzed. Participants liked the appearance of ehcoBUTLER, would like to use it, and were mainly interested in the emotional, healthy lifestyle, cognitive, and ergonomic tools. It is necessary to have prior training, more intuitive/customizable apps, low-price/free, offline/USB content, and add other activities/features. EhcoBUTLER is well-oriented to meet the needs and preferences of potential users. However, improvements in its usability, accessibility, and sustainability are needed. The participants’ perspectives provided a comprehensive view to improve ehcoBUTLER, so that in the future, it can benefit the elderly to be active agents in their health; support caregivers in their role and to have a respite; and professionals to have a multi-intervention platform. The present findings can contribute to the development of tablet software/apps that promote the integral well-being of this population.

La irrupción de la COVID-19 ha provocado una multitud de transformaciones de gran calado, que trascienden el ámbito puramente sanitario, dando lugar a importantes cambios socioeconómicos, entre los que destacan por su extraordinaria importancia la evolución de las formas tradicionales de intervención administrativa o la potenciación y/o aceleración de los avances derivados de la (re)volución digital. Así, en los últimos meses hemos asistido a la puesta en marcha de numerosas iniciativas destinadas a paliar los efectos nocivos de la pandemia mediante el desarrollo de herramientas tecnológicas basadas en el tratamiento de categorías de datos personales especialmente protegidas, como los datos sanitarios, lo que plantea importantes cuestiones desde la perspectiva de la privacidad y los derechos digitales. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis detallado de algunos elementos esenciales, necesarios para lograr el difícil equilibrio entre la promoción de instrumentos tecnológicos que contribuyan a controlar los efectos de la COVID-19 aumentando los recursos disponibles para las autoridades sanitarias, y la salvaguarda del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos personales. The irruption of COVID-19 has led to a multitude of deep-seated transformations, which go beyond the purely sanitary sphere, leading to major socio-economic changes, among which the evolution of traditional forms of administrative intervention or the empowerment and/or acceleration of the advances derived from the digital (re)volution stand out for their extraordinary importance. Thereby, in recent months we have witnessed the implementation of numerous initiatives aimed to alleviate the harmful effects of the pandemic by developing technological tools based on processing categories of specially protected personal data, such as health data, which raises important questions from the perspective of privacy and digital rights. The aim of this study is to carry out a detailed analysis of some essential elements, necessary to achieve the difficult balance between the promotion of technological instruments that contribute to control the effects of COVID-19 increasing the resources available to health authorities, and safeguarding the fundamental right of personal data protection.

There is a long history of ignorance production around trafficking in human beings. A proliferation of anti-trafficking apps plays an important role in the reinforcement of this ignorance. Anti-trafficking apps work in different ways to other (mis)information tools, but there is a lack of academic research on the topic. This paper addresses this gap through an agnotological approach: focusing on how ignorance is produced and becomes productive, rather than seeing ignorance as just a lack of knowledge. We investigate how anti-trafficking apps are used to manipulate (mis)understandings of and responses to human trafficking by enabling new types of awareness raising, user participation and ignorance production. The networking of ignorance that this allows – and the integration of this into new aspects of everyday life – illustrates de Goede’s (2012) warning that “the network is problematic as a security technique…because, ultimately, it has no outside” (p. 228).

This article examines the impact of new technologies on the field of tourist guiding. It has been found throughout the preliminary research that a large gap in this field exists in academic literature. It is therefore important to study the role of the tourist guide in this era of emerging technologies, both in and outside the museum spectrum, to better understand the future place that tourist guiding will have in the tourism industry. Different types of new technologies are examined in relation to the field of tourist guiding, and the various benefits and limitations of these technologies are also discussed. It can be argued that only when embracing the positive aspects of both new technologies and tourist guiding can one offer tourists the best experience in the digital age. This realisation can greatly impact the way in which tourism managers design tourist experiences and tourist guides interact with both technology and tourists.

The aim of this study is to investigate and verify whether some feautures of the neoliberal society are present in apps for diet and mental wellbeing. The four components are: quantification, medicalization, gamification and emphasis on performance. On this basis, we carried out a content analysis on the texts, the design and some comments related to three apps for dieting and two apps for mental wellbeing. From our analysis it can be stated that the four features are 'emobied' in the apps we took into consideration. Moreover, these four characteristics may become part of a framework to analyse and carry out social research into the context of digital health, consumption and neoliberism.

[Resumen] Este trabajo analiza cómo han innovado en sus estrategias de contenidos los principales medios de comunicación impresos en Puerto Rico, en sus plataformas digitales. Se pretende examinar la variedad de los productos digitales que ofrecen los medios (aplicaciones y páginas web) y estudiar su presencia en las redes sociales (Facebook y Twitter), utilizando para ello el análisis de contenido como instrumento de recogida de información. Entre las conclusiones destaca que los principales medios presentan poca variedad de contenido en sus versiones impresas y digitales, y en general, comparten la misma cobertura. Los formatos audiovisuales utilizados son simples y, en la mayoría de los casos, se limitan a publicar fotografías y vídeos de las conferencias de prensa cubiertas por sus reporteros. [Abstract] This study analyses how the main print media in Puerto Rico have transformed their content strategies on their digital platforms. The aim of the study is to examine the different digital products offered by media companies (applications and websites) and to study their presence on social networks (Facebook and Twitter) using data collected through content analysis. The main media companies show little difference in content and coverage between their print and digital editions. The audiovisual formats used are simple and, in most cases, limited to photographs and videos of the press conferences covered by their reporters.

Este artigo brevemente apresenta a necessidade potencial de desenvolver uma extensão para os estudos de produção (intitulada aqui como estudos de software televisuais). Tal extensão engloba processos relacionados à gestão, integração e sincronização de desenvolvimento de software, que seriam executados por produtores de TV durante a produção dos programas televisivos para posterior fornecimento de companion apps pelas emissoras para sincronização de anúncios publicitários entre telas. É argumentado que, apesar de a alternativa complexificar a produção de TV, ela pode também minimizar o risco de que a distração da audiência durante suas materializações de experiências de múltiplas telas promova uma redução no patrocínio dos programas de TV. This study briefly presents the potential need for developing an extension to Production Studies theory (titled here as Television Software Studies). Such extension encompasses processes related to management, integration and sync regarding development of software that should be executed by TV producers during TV shows production, so that, posteriorly, broadcasters can supply companion apps to sync ads between screens. We pointed that although such alternative complexifies TV production, it can also minimize the risk of audience’s distraction during multiple screen experience materialization, promoting a reduction in TV shows sponsorship

Argues for modifying established First Aid apps and other educational and help resources with additional features and considerations (including notable step-by-step examples) to address the current circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to both better equip laypeople to treat non-COVID related illness and injury from home as well as determine when the need for professional examination and care outweighs the increased risks of viral infection when visiting a healthcare provider., International Journal of First Aid Education, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020)

El artículo analiza Netflix con prescindencia de sus contenidos. Desde el marco de la ecología de los medios, argumenta que las nociones de interfaz y plataforma constituyen herramientas propicias para comprender este tipo de fenómenos contemporáneos. El texto se organiza del siguiente modo: en primer lugar, se sitúa el objeto de estudio bajo la teoría de la no neutralidad del código, con referencias al origen y a la actualidad de la misma. En segundo lugar, se busca responder qué implica la aparición de Netflix en la historia de la mediatización audiovisual, con el objetivo de reponer el contexto mediático y dar cuenta de los múltiples vínculos que guarda con sus antecedentes históricos (en particular en lo que respecta a géneros y estilos). En tercer lugar, se despliega un análisis empírico y sincrónico de diversas interfaces de la plataforma: partiendo de la comparación en distintos dispositivos técnicos, se argumentará que no existe una única interfaz de Netflix, sino que ésta varía de acuerdo a los condicionamientos de software y hardware. El texto cierra con algunas reflexiones finales que, retomando los principales hallazgos, apuntan a mantener abierta la mirada analítica y reflexiva sobre el dinamismo de las plataformas mediáticas. The article analyzes Netflix regardless of its contents. From the framework of the ecology of the media, it argues that the notions of inter face and plat form constitute propitious tools to understand this type of contemporary phenomena. The text is organized as follows: first, the object of study is placed under the theory of non-neutrality of the code, with references to its origin and actuality. Secondly, we seek to answer what the appearance of Netflix entails in the history of audiovisual mediatization, with the aim of replenishing the media context and giving account of the multiple links it maintains with its historical antecedents (in particular with regard to genres and styles). Thirdly, an empirical and synchronic analysis of various inter faces of the plat form is deployed: starting from the comparison in different technical devices, it will be argued that there is not a single Netflix interface, but that it varies according to soft ware and hardware constraints. The text closes with some final reflections that, taking up the main findings, aim to keep open the analytical and reflective view on the dynamism of media plat forms. Fil: González, Leandro R. González. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento; Argentina.

Introducción. La evolución de internet y las nuevas tecnologías han cambiado el ecosistema comunicativo abriendo así la puerta a nuevas tendencias narrativas. En este escenario, numerosos medios de comunicación han comenzado a emplear tecnologías como la realidad virtual y recursos como los vídeos 360º en sus procesos productivos, una forma de producción de contenidos denominada Periodismo Inmersivo. Metodología. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo organizan y distribuyen su oferta inmersiva (vídeos 360º) siete medios de comunicación de impacto en Europa con el fin de observar si las estrategias aplicadas mejoran y facilitan el proceso de localización, búsqueda y acceso a dicho apartado. Resultados y conclusiones. El estudio concluye que existen una serie de debilidades en las secciones y Apps de los siete casos analizados que complican y dificultan el acceso y, en consecuencia, consumo de los contenidos en vídeo 360º disponibles Introduction. The evolution of the internet and new technologies have transformed the media ecosystem, opening the door to new narrative trends. In this scenario, many news media outlets have begun to use technologies such as virtual reality and resources like 360-degree video in their production processes, which constitutes a novel form of journalism production known as Immersive Journalism. Methods. The aim of this article is to analyse how European news media outlets organise and disseminate their immersive offer (360-degree videos) based on the study of seven case studies in order to determine whether their strategies in fact help users to locate, search and access such contents. Results and conclusions. The study concludes that the diverse sections and apps of the seven cases analysed exhibit several weaknesses that complicate the access and, consequently, the consumption of the 360-degree videos available Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación seleccionada en la I Convocatoria de Ayudas a la Investigación Impulsa Visión de Radiotelevisión Española. Además, este texto está elaborado en el marco del proyecto Cibermedios nativos digitales en España: formatos narrativos y estrategia móvil (RTI2018-093346-B-C33) - Digital native media in Spain: storytelling formats and mobile strategy (RTI2018-093346-B-C33)-, del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades”. Este proyecto está cofinanciado por el fondo estructural FEDER. Por otra parte, la autora Sara Pérez-Seijo es beneficiaria del Programa de Formación del Profesorado Universitario del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Gobierno de España) SI

Digital health and mobile medical apps (MMAs) have shown great promise in transforming health care, but their adoption in clinical care has been unsatisfactory, and regulatory guidance and coverage decisions have been lacking or incomplete. A multidimensional assessment framework for regulatory, policymaking, health technology assessment, and coverage purposes based on the MMA lifecycle is needed. A targeted review of relevant policy documents from international sources was conducted to map current MMA assessment frameworks, to formulate 10 recommendations, subsequently shared amongst an expert panel of key stakeholders. Recommendations go beyond economic dimensions such as cost and economic evaluation and also include MMA development and update, classification and evidentiary requirements, performance and maintenance monitoring, usability testing, clinical evidence requirements, safety and security, equity considerations, organizational assessment, and additional outcome domains (patient empowerment and environmental impact). The COVID-19 pandemic greatly expanded the use of MMAs, but temporary policies governing their use and oversight need consolidation through well-developed frameworks to support decision-makers, producers and introduction into clinical care processes, especially in light of the strong international, cross-border character of MMAs, the new EU medical device and health technology assessment regulations, and the Next Generation EU funding earmarked for health digitalization.

The various forms of low back pain occur very frequently in the population. 85% of the German population experiences it at least once in a lifetime [1]. This leads to high socio-economic importance. The costs caused by non-specific low back pain amounted to 3.6 billion euros in 2008. Chronic low back pain and the resulting loss of work performance play a decisive role in this [2]. The average costs per patient and year in Germany are 1322€ [3]. Furthermore, affected patients have high levels of suffering, and are afraid to lose participation in meaningful activities [4]. The German guideline for the management of nonspecific low back pain recommends treatment approaches which involve the promotion of activity to patients [5]. There is evidence available showing the efficacy of treatments based on mobile applications [6]–[9]. Nonetheless, the range of available apps in the stores is hardly regulated and therefore the quality may vary a lot [10]. Systematic reviews on the availability of mobile applications for the treatment of low back pain have been made [11]–[13]. However, not for Germany or the German speaking area. The aim of this assessment is therefore to create an overview of the availability and quality of such applications. This should help clinicians to advise their patients with nonspecific low back pain. [1] C. O. Schmidt u. a., „Back Pain in the German Adult Population: Prevalence, Severity, and Sociodemographic Correlates in a Multiregional Survey“, Spine, Bd. 32, Nr. 18, S. 2005–2011, Aug. 2007, doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318133fad8. [2] H. Raspe, „Themenheft 53 ‚Rückenschmerzen‘“, Gesundheitsberichterstattung-Hefte, Nr. 53. Robert Koch-Institut, S. 36, 2012. [3] C. M. Wenig, C. O. Schmidt, T. Kohlmann, und B. Schweikert, „Costs of back pain in Germany“, Eur. J. Pain, Bd. 13, Nr. 3, S. 280–286, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.04.005. [4] R. Froud u. a., „A systematic review and meta-synthesis of the impact of low back pain on people’s lives“, BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., Bd. 15, Nr. 1, S. 50, Feb. 2014, doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-50. [5] Arzneimittelkommission Der Deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ) u. a., Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Nicht-spezifischer Kreuzschmerz – Langfassung, 2. Auflage. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), 2017. doi: 10.6101/AZQ/000353. [6] S. Huber, J. A. Priebe, K.-M. Baumann, A. Plidschun, C. Schiessl, und T. R. Tölle, „Treatment of Low Back Pain with a Digital Multidisciplinary Pain Treatment App: Short-Term Results“, JMIR Rehabil. Assist. Technol., Bd. 4, Nr. 2, S. e11, Dez. 2017, doi: 10.2196/rehab.9032. [7] T. R. Toelle, D. A. Utpadel-Fischler, K.-K. Haas, und J. A. Priebe, „App-based multidisciplinary back pain treatment versus combined physiotherapy plus online education: a randomized controlled trial“, NPJ Digit. Med., Bd. 2, S. 34, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41746-019-0109-x. [8] J. A. Priebe u. a., „Digital Treatment of Back Pain versus Standard of Care: The Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial, Rise-uP“, J. Pain Res., Bd. 13, S. 1823–1838, 2020, doi: 10.2147/JPR.S260761. [9] R. N. Moman u. a., „A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Unguided Electronic and Mobile Health Technologies for Chronic Pain-Is It Time to Start Prescribing Electronic Health Applications?“, Pain Med. Malden Mass, Bd. 20, Nr. 11, S. 2238–2255, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz164. [10] Ärztliches Zentrum Für Qualität In Der Medizin (ÄZQ), Gesundheits-Apps im klinischen Alltag: Handreichung für Ärztinnen und Ärzte. 1. Auflage, Version 1. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), 2020. doi: 10.6101/AZQ/000474. [11] G. C. Machado u. a., „Smartphone apps for the self-management of low back pain: A systematic review.“, Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol., Bd. 30, Nr. 6, S. 1098–1109, Dez. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.04.002. [12] C. Didyk, L. K. Lewis, und B. Lange, „Availability, content and quality of commercially available smartphone applications for the self-management of low back pain: a systematic assessment“, Disabil. Rehabil., S. 1–10, Okt. 2021, doi: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1979664. [13] A. Escriche-Escuder u. a., „Assessment of the Quality of Mobile Applications (Apps) for Management of Low Back Pain Using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS)“, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, Bd. 17, Nr. 24, S. E9209, Dez. 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249209.

Background: Guidelines for physical activity and exercise during pregnancy recommend that all women without contraindications engage in regular physical activity to improve both their own health and the health of their baby. Many women are uncertain how to safely engage in physical activity and exercise during this life stage and are increasingly using mobile apps to access health-relatedinformation. However, the extent to which apps that provide physical activity and exercise advice align with current evidence-based pregnancy recommendations is unclear. Objective: This study aims to conduct a systematic search and content analysis of apps that promote physical activity and exercise in pregnancy to examine the alignment of the content with current evidence-based recommendations; delivery, format, and features of physical activity and exercise instruction; and credentials of the app developers. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in the Australian App Store and Google Play Store in October 2020. Apps were identified using combinations of search terms relevant to pregnancy and exercise or physical activity and screened for inclusion (with a primary focus on physical activity and exercise during pregnancy, free to download or did not require immediate paid subscription, and an average user rating of ≥4 out of 5). Apps were then independently reviewed using an author-designed extraction tool. Results: Overall, 27 apps were included in this review (Google Play Store: 16/27, 59%, and App Store: 11/27, 41%). Two-thirds of the apps provided some information relating to the frequency, intensity, time, and type principles of exercise; only 11% (3/27) provided this information in line with current evidence-based guidelines. Approximately one-third of the apps provided information about contraindications to exercise during pregnancy and referenced the supporting evidence. None of the apps actively engaged in screening for potential contraindications. Only 15% (4/27) of the apps collected information about the user's current exercise behaviors, 11% (3/27) allowed users to personalize features relating to their exercise preferences, and a little more than one-third provided information about developer credentials. Conclusions: Few exercise apps designed for pregnancy aligned with current evidence-based physical activity guidelines. None of the apps screened users for contraindications to physical activity and exercise during pregnancy, and most lacked appropriate personalization features to account for an individual's characteristics. Few involved qualified experts during the development of the app. There is a need to improve the quality of apps that promote exercise in pregnancy to ensure that women are appropriately supported to engage in exercise and the potential risk of injury, complications, and adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child is minimized. This could be done by providing expert guidance that aligns with current recommendations, introducing screening measures and features that enable personalization and tailoring to individual users, or by developing a recognized system for regulating apps.

The growth of fake news makes users insecure when they consume information. While text-based news is perhaps the most widespread, video is gaining ground quickly, and has been transformed into informative content that can be manipulated, leading to misinformation among users. This article analyses 63 applications for mobile devices that enable the creation of deepfakes. An analysis of the apps is carried out by examining 16 indicators across three dimensions: description of the application, treatment of the image, and data protection. Each application has its peculiarities regarding the modification of the physiognomy of a person, especially their face. In some cases, the legality of the applications is questionable as they can impact people’s fundamental rights. The results demonstrate that, in many cases, the user is not informed of the technology used by the applications, nor the types of data that are collected. In conclusion the apps allow the generation of fake videos by manipulating the physiognomy of people, however, there is a lack of information surrounding the privacy policies of the data they collect. In addition, the use of these applications can damage the image and/or reputation of a person and even supplant their identity. El crecimiento de las noticias falsas provoca en los usuarios inseguridad cuando consumen información. Siendo los formatos de noticias de tipo de textual quizás los más extendidos, el vídeo está irrumpiendo con fuerza y se ha transformado en contenido informativo que puede manipularse llevando a la desinformación de los usuarios. En este artículo se analizan 63 aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles que permiten generar deepfakes. Se realiza un análisis de las apps utilizando 16 indicadores clasificados en tres dimensiones: descripción de la aplicación, tratamiento de la imagen y protección de datos. Cada aplicación tiene sus particularidades respecto a la modificación de la fisionomía de una persona, en especial la cara. En algunos casos podría cuestionarse la legalidad de las aplicaciones ya que pueden incidir en los derechos fundamentales de las personas. Se observa en los resultados que en muchos casos no se informa al usuario de la tecnología que emplean las aplicaciones, ni los tipos de datos que se recogen. Se concluye que las apps permiten generar vídeos falsos manipulando la fisionomía de las personas aunque hay una falta importante de información sobre las políticas de privacidad de los datos que recogen. Además, el uso de estas aplicaciones puede llegar a dañar la imagen y/o prestigio de una persona e incluso llegar a suplantar su identidad.