Search

Obese mice presented lower mortality to non-fatal pneumonia induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) than the non-obese mice. However, it remained obscure whether the intestine contributed to the protective effect of obese mice with infection. The 64 non-obese (NOB) mice were divided into NOB-uninfected and NOB-E. coli groups, while 64 high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice were divided into DIO-uninfected and DIO-E. coli groups. Mice in E. coli groups were intranasally instilled with 40 μl E. coli (4.0 ×109 colony-forming units [CFUs]), while uninfected groups with the same volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The T subsets of Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) in the intestine were collected for flow cytometry analysis at 0, 12, 24, and 72 h post-infection, also the duodenum and colon were harvested to survey histopathological change. The results showed that the percentage of CD3+T cells in LPLs in DIO-E. coli group was significantly lower than that in the DIO-uninfected group after infection (p < 0.05). The percentage of CD4+T cells in IELs in NOB-E. coli was significantly lower than that in DIO-E. coli after infection (p < 0.05). The percentage of CD8+T cells in LPLs in NOB-E. coli was significantly lower than that in DIO-E. coli at 12 and 24 h (p < 0.05). The immunoglobulin A (IgA)+ cells in DIO-uninfected were higher than that in NOB-uninfected at all time points (p < 0.05). The IgA+ cells in DIO-E. coli were higher than that in DIO-uninfected at 12, 24, and 72 h (p < 0.05). The results revealed that the level of intestinal mucosal immunity in obese mice was more active than that in non-obese mice.

In order to reduce the ammonia concentration in the cattle house, it is necessary to accurately predict the ammonia concentration in real time. This paper proposes an improved particle swarm QPSO-RBF combined prediction method of ammonia concentration in cattle house based on KPCA nuclear principal component analysis. At first, the collected environmental data is normalized and denoised based on KPCA nuclear principal component analysis, and the non-linear kernel principal component information of the sample information is extracted through the contribution rate. And, the relevant parameters of the radial neural network RBF are optimized based on the improved particle swarm algorithm QPSO global search performance to improve the accuracy and robustness of prediction. The method is applied to the prediction of ammonia concentration in a cattle farm in Langzhong, and the experimental results show that the KPCA-QPSO-RBF ammonia combined prediction model proposed in this paper has higher credibility and accuracy compared with the other four prediction models. The ammonia concentration prediction method proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the precise environmental regulation of the cattle house.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Uncropped blots images displayed in the context.

The present work aimed to assess the effects of meloxicam on the behavior, feed intake, physiology and pain sensitivity in calves following dehorning. Calves were randomly allocated to four groups: dehorning by amputation with saline (ADNM) or meloxicam (ADM) and chemical disbudding with saline (CDNM) or meloxicam (CDM). Significant differences in the frequencies of all behaviors and activity levels were not observed for the treatment*time interaction (p ≥ 0.05) but were observed for time points (p < 0.05), and the total intake, foraging, hay or milk intake, rectal temperatures, respiration and heart rates and mechanical nonreceptive thresholds (MNTs) in calves were all noted (p < 0.05). For the treatment*time interaction, significant differences were showed between the CDNM and CDM groups in the total intake (at d 0 and 1), foraging (at d 1), hay or milk intake (at d 0 and 1), rectal temperatures (at 24 hr), heart rates (at 4 and 6 hr), and MNTs ( right horn at 2, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hr; left horn at 6 and 24 hr); and significant differences were found between the ADNM and ADM groups in the rectal temperatures (at 6 hr), respiration rates (at 4, 6 and 24 hr), heart rates (at 2, 4 and 6 hr), and MNT (right horn at 2 to 72 hr; left horn at 24 hr). Our results indicated that meloxicam relieves pain after calf dehorning and helps restore feed intake.

Background Morganella morganii (M. morganii) is a member of the genera Morganella in the Enterobacteriaceae family.Methods To better understand the prevalence and characterization of M. morganii strains in cattle, 191 nasal swabs samples from beef cattle in Guang'an, Yibin, and Ziyang, Sichuan Province, China were collected. The presence of M. morganii in swabs was determined by PCR. Then positive swabs were processed by using bacterial isolation and identification. The M. morganii isolates were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenicity using a mouse model.Results The prevalence of Morgenella morganii in three cities was 10.5% (20/191). Three M. morganii strains (16GA7, 17GA61.2, and 17YB9) were isolated and identified from positive swabs samples. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the 16S rRNA gene of M. morganii isolates could be clustered with known Genbank M. morganii strains. All three M. morganii strains were sensitive to penicillin-type and quinolone antibiotics, and were resistant to some cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolide antibiotics and polymyxin B. Lesions in mice inoculated with M. morganii included pulmonary hemorrhage, thickened alveolar walls, and pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration, although lesions varied by strain.Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the prevalence of M. morganii in beef cattle. Through research on the M. morganii in beef cattle, it is found that mice were susceptible to M. morganii isolates, which can cause mice dead. However, the pathogenicity of M. morganii isolates on cattle still needs further study.

The purpose of this 42-day study was to evaluate the risk of oxidative stress in the spleens induced by dietary vanadium through determining changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidation products. A total of 420 one-day-old avian broilers were divided into six groups. There were 70 broilers in each group. The broilers were fed on a cornsoybean basal diet as a control diet (vanadium 0.073 mg/kg) or the same diet amended to contain 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg vanadium supplied as ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3). When compared with those of the control group, the splenic and serum vanadium contents were increased in the 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/ kg and 60 mg/kg groups. Also, the splenic and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were greatly depressed in the 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups; the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and the ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical were markedly depressed in the 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups; the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly increased in the 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups. At the same time, the splenic glutathione (GSH) content was significantly decreased in the 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, and the serum GSH content was significantly decreased in the 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups. Also, the splenic and serum glutathione (oxidized form, GSSG) content was significantly higher in the 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups than that in the control group. These results indicated that dietary vanadium in the range of 30~60 mg/kg caused substantial oxidative stress in the spleen, which then affected the antioxidant function; this may be possible pathway leading to spleen injure. At the same time, it was found that dietary vanadium in the range of 5-15 mg/kg was relatively safe for the spleens of young broilers.

Background Animal acariasis is one of the important veterinary skin diseases. Chemical drugs have been widely used to treat and control this kind of disease. But many chemicals control could increase resistance in target species, toxicity and environmental hazards. We found that the 9-oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone (euptox A) extracted from E. adenophorum has strong toxicity against P. cuniculi in vitro, but the in vivo acaricidal actions of euptox A have yet to be investigated. Results A 14-day experiment was performed using rabbits that were naturally infested with P. cuniculi on a farm. Rabbits were randomly divided into five groups; animals in groups A, B and C were treated in each ear topically with 4.0 ml of 2.0 and 1.0 g/L (w/v) euptox A, respectively. Animals in groups D and E were treated with ivermectin (by injection; positive controls) and glycerol with water only (by embrocation; negative controls), respectively. Each rabbit was treated twice with separate treatments on days 0 and 7. Rabbits were observed daily and detailed examinations were performed on days 0, 7 and 14, to inspect the presence or absence of mites and scabs/crusts. Seven days after the initial treatment, the mean clinical scores (presence of scabs/crusts) decreased from 3.48, 3.37, 3.43 and 3.45 to 0.37, 0.42, 0.78 and 0.38 in the ears of animals in groups A, B , C and D, respectively, which were similar to the observations recorded in the positive control rabbits. However, the clinical score for negative control rabbits did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) during the experiment, and this changed from 3.32 to 3.37 in the ears, and there were no significant differences in clinical efficacy between left and right ears. After two treatments (0 and 7 d), the rabbits in groups A, B, C and D had recovered completely 14 days after the last treatment and no recurrences of infection were observed. Conclusions These results indicate that euptox A was potent compounds for the effective control of animal P. cuniculi in vivo.